Дисертації з теми "Alhagi"

Alhagi maurorum Medik. (Fabaceae) est une plante spontanée à caractère médicinal, connue sous le nom "Atjer". Une étude ethnobotanique menée préalablement dans le Sud-Est de l'Algérie (wilaya d'Illizi) a mis en évidence son utilisation traditionnelle et notamment par les personnes analphabètes de 55ans dans le traitement de troubles gastro-intestinaux (26,08%) et de la fièvre (28,99%). Ce travail de thèse visait à développer des procédés d'extraction et de purification des polysaccharides hydrosolubles des graines d'Alhagi maurorum collectées dans le Sahara algérien afin d'identifier leurs structures. Dans un second temps les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des macromolécules isolées ont été déterminées en régimes dilué et semi dilué et leur potentiel biologique comme agents antihyperglycémiant, gastroprotecteur et anti-inflammatoire a été quantifié in vitro afin de valider les utilisations traditionnelles de cette plante. Ce travail a conduit à détecter la présence d'un galactomannane dans les graines d'Alhagi maurorum. Ce galactomannane est de haute masse moléculaire (1,4x106 Da) et est constitué d'une chaine principale de β-(1,4)-D-mannane ramifiée en α-(1,6) par des résidus D-galactopyranoses avec un rapport M/G de 2,2. La caractérisation de ses propriétés rhéologiques a révélé un comportement typique pseudoplastique et des propriétés viscoélastiques. L'étude des activités biologiques associées à ce biopolymère a révélé son potentiel comme un fort agent anti-hyperglycémiant, anti-inflammatoire et gastroprotecteur
Alhagi maurorum Medik. (Fabaceae) is a spontaneous plant with medicinal character, called "Atjer". An ethnobotanical study previously conducted in the South-East of Algeria (wilaya of Illizi) has highlighted its traditional use and notably by illiterate interviewed persons in over 55 years old and to treat various ailments such as fever (28.99%) and gastrointestinal disorders (26.08%). This thesis aimed at developing extraction and purification processes of water-soluble polysaccharides (hydrocolloids) from Alhagi maurorum seeds collected in Algerian Sahara in order to identify their structures. In a second step, the physicochemical characteristics of the isolated macromolecules were determined in diluted and semi-diluted regimes and their biological potential as antihyperglycemic, gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents was quantified in vitro in order to validate the traditional uses of this plant. This work led to the detection of the presence of a galactomannan in the seeds of Alhagi maurorum. This galactomannan has a high molecular weight (1.4x106Da) and consists of a main chain of β-(1,4)-D-mannan branched into α-(1,6) by D-galactopyranose residues with an M/G ratio of 2.2. Characterization of its rheological properties revealed typical pseudoplastic behavior and viscoelastic properties. The study of the biological activities associated with this biopolymer revealed its biological potential as anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective agent

Texte en parti issu de: Tesis doctoral--Faculdad de filosofía y letras--Universidad de Granada. Titre de soutenance : la configuración de una ciudad castellana en el reino de Granada. Alhama (siglos XV-XVII).
Bibliogr. p. 534-558.

This dissertation takes the approach of a qualitative case study whose primary subject is Alhaji Papa Susso, a distinct and compelling representative of griot culture, who was born in The Gambia, but who now resides in the U.S., yet maintains his griot identity. The findings from this research provide evidence that the griot, in his quest to support himself abroad while honoring the traditions of his heritage, is actively participating in the purposeful dissemination of griot culture in the U.S. and beyond. Though he may be cultivating genuine interest in his skills and in the oral canon of histories and epic tales that he maintains, he cannot control reception and appropriation of his culture. Further, the findings suggest there is a crosscutting backlash where the influence of technology is concerned, in that, while it provides a means for recording and preserving the griot’s performative art, it also distracts West African youth and diminishes their interest in acquiring and maintaining the tools and instrumentation of their caste-born heritage. The main conclusions drawn from this study suggest the griot feels compelled in many ways to spread his culture beyond the limits of his original, regional seat in order to preserve and promote it, but in doing so, he is changing his culture, and exposing it to audiences who are not sufficiently encultured to apprehend fully its depth and meaning. Furthermore, technology may be a useful tool in preserving the griot’s art in West Africa and abroad, but the static nature of recording robs the griot’s performance of its dynamic, flexible and culturally reflective power. Ultimately, it is the goal of this dissertation to actualize Stake’s (1995) assertion that “the function of research is not necessarily to map and conquer the world but to sophisticate the beholding of it” (p. 43); it is the goal of this dissertation to illuminate and understand, to bear careful witness to a facet of cultural expansion, to a contemporary phenomenon, to a particular, unique and valuable human experience.

Die Broschüre ist ein Ergebnis des Projektes 'Gesundheitskompetenz für Migrantinnen und Migranten', gefördert durch das Sächsische Staatsministerium für Soziales und Gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhang. Das Projekt wurde durchgeführt durch die Zentrum für Forschung, Beratung und Weiterbildung an der Evangelischen Hochschule Dresden gGmbH. Basierend auf verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Erhebungen wurde dabei der Edukationsbedarf im Hinblick auf Schwangerschaft, Geburt und Wochenbett bei Arabisch sprechenden geflüchteten Frauen ermittelt. Zielgruppe der Publikation sind Multiplikatoren ('Peers') sowie Arabisch sprechende Frauen und deren Familien. Sie enthält laiengerecht aufbereitete Informationen Schwangerschaft, Geburt, Wochenbett und seelischer Gesundheit in der Schwangerschaft. Die Broschüre ist in arabischer Sprache verfasst. Eine identische deutsche Sprachfassung liegt ebenfalls vor.

This study investigated the lenition of the segment /dʒ/ to [j] in Rijal Alhajir dialect of Arabic in different initial, medial, and final phonological environments. A sample of 20 Rijal Alhajir Arabic speakers (10 male and 10 female) was divided into two groups based on the social factor of age: 20-25 (the younger group) and 45-above (the older group). All participants were interviewed individually by the researcher to record the production of the target sound. Forty-eight Classical Arabic words containing the segment /dʒ/ were selected for this investigation. Forty-one words were elicited by showing the participants pictures, and seven words were elicited through casual conversation due to their representing abstract concepts. The results showed the process of lenition in Rijal Alhajir dialect to occur in all phonological environments of interest, except when the target sound occurred in word-final position and was preceded by high long vowels [i:] and [u:]. The results revealed that age was indeed a factor influencing the presence of lenition. The participants from the older group had a significantly higher percentage of lenition in their speech compared to the younger group.

The Eastern Betics Shear Zone (EBSZ) is one of the most active fault systems in SE Spain. It has caused damaging earthquakes in historical times, including the 2011 Lorca earthquake, which evidenced that the regional hazard estimations needed revision. In this context, the available fault data is usually too local and, for some faults, reliable and representative parameters are still lacking. Such heterogeneity has usually hampered seismic hazard models based on geological data. This thesis aims to be a comprehensive study allowing to: i) complete the paleoseismic record and parameters of one of the most active faults in the EBSZ, the Alhama de Murcia Fault (AMF), and ii) include fault data in a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). The study is thus divided in two main parts. (A) a local study presenting a structural characterization and integral paleoseismic study in four sites across a complete transect of the AMF. (B) a regional fault-based PSHA of the EBSZ with the main faults as inputs to define complex fault rupture scenarios using the SHERIFS code. A) The structural characterization has been carried out in the two central segments of the AMF, Lorca-Totana and Totana-Alhama. In the former, five fault branches are identified with partitioning of the deformation. From N to S: N1-AMF (lateral), N2a and b-AMF (dip slip), S-AMF (lateral) and F-AMF (dip slip). The Totana-Alhama segment shows more diffuse deformation, where the most prominent structure is the Amarguillo Fault (AF), a N-S transtensional ramification. The paleoseismic survey has been carried out in eight paleoseismic trenches across four fault branches of the Lorca-Totana segment. We obtained one of the completest paleoearthquake records in Iberia with seventeen events for the last ~100 ka in S-AMF. The recurrence varies from 5.7±1.7 to 3.1±1.4 kyr for the last 73-18 ka in S-AMF and F-AMF. The time compatibility of the last five events in these branches suggests that they could rupture synchronously. The total net slip rate of the segment since 18 ka is 1.55 +0.14/-0.18 mm/yr, considerably higher than previous estimations. The slip rate evolution shows fluctuations over time (super-cycles), some of which coincide with patterns identified in nearby faults, inferring possible activity synchronicities. B) The fault-based PSHA suggests that multi-fault ruptures involving lengths of single to several whole faults of the EBSZ are feasible, contrary to the rupture of the whole system (~400 km). The hazard shows a clear control of the EBSZ faults, increasing the accelerations close to their traces with respect to area source PSHAs. The seismic hazard is dependent on the slip rates, as lower slip rate faults (Palomares fault; PF, or NE end of AMF) have negligible contribution. Our results for the 475-year return period are also more consistent with the accelerations reached in the 2011 Lorca event than the building code or national hazard map. For some faults, the lack of detailed paleoseismic studies can compromise the reliability of the hazard. This is a key discussion in the present study, marking the need for better constrained and reliable slip rates in the EBSZ. The integral paleoseismic study of the AMF has revealed to be a crucial step towards a more representative characterization of its paleoseismic parameters (slip rates, recurrence), and thus, of the EBSZ. Acquiring refined and reviewed paleoseismic data is key to improve seismic hazard evaluations. Hereby, further research should focus on poorly researched faults and on performing integrative studies in other EBSZ faults. The comprehensive approach followed, from paleoseismic data collection to PSHA, contributes to perform more critical interpretations of the seismic hazard, and aims to serve as a case example for other low-to-moderate seismicity regions.
La Zona de Cisalla de les Bètiques Orientals (ZCBO) és un dels sistemes de falles més actius del SE d’Espanya. Malgrat això, en aquesta zona les estimacions de perillositat sísmica rarament utilitzen dades de falles degut a que aquestes son sovint massa locals i poc acotades. En aquest context, la present tesi pretén ser un estudi exhaustiu que A) completi el registre paleosísmic i la representativitat dels paràmetres sísmics de la falla d’Alhama de Murcia (FAM), una de les més actives de la ZCBO, i B) porti a terme una avaluació probabilista de la perillositat sísmica (PSHA) de la ZCBO basada en dades geològiques de falles. A) La caracterització de la FAM ha permès obtenir dades paleosísmiques en quatre de cinc branques de falla que conformen un transsecte gairebé complet del segment central (Lorca- Totana). S’ha identificat un dels registres paleosísmics més complets de la Península Ibèrica amb disset paleoterratrèmols pels últims 100 ka. La recurrència d’aquests varia de 5.7±1.7 a 3.1±1.4 ka pels últims 73-18 ka i la seva compatibilitat temporal entre branques suggereix que les ruptures conjuntes son factibles. La velocitat de desplaçament neta total és de 1.55 +0.14/-0.18 mm/any pels últims 18 ka, malgrat aquesta ha presentat variacions cícliques almenys des del Pleistocè Superior també observades en d’altres falles de la ZCBO. B) El PSHA suggereix que les ruptures multi-falla que impliquen longituds d’una o varies falles completes son factibles a la ZCBO. En base a això, l’anàlisi portat a terme indica que les falles de la ZCBO dominen la perillositat a les àrees properes, incrementant considerablement els valors d’acceleració respecte a estudis previs que no consideren falles. Tot i això, les acceleracions son altament dependents de la velocitat de desplaçament de les falles, i en alguns casos, la manca d’estudis paleosísmics detallats por comprometre la fiabilitat dels models de perillositat. Cal doncs, focalitzar la futura recerca en aquestes falles menys estudiades. L’enfocament integral que s’ha seguit aqui, des de la recopilació de dades paleosísmiques fins al PSHA, contribueix a realitzar interpretacions més crítiques de la perillositat sísmica i pretén servir d’exemple per d’altres regions de sismicitat baixa-moderada.

Two flash lidars, integrated from a number of cutting-edge components from industry and NASA, are lab characterized and flight tested under the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance (ALHAT) project (in its fourth development and field test cycle) which is seeking to develop a guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) and sensing system based on lidar technology capable of enabling safe, precise human-crewed or robotic landings in challenging terrain on planetary bodies under any ambient lighting conditions. The flash lidars incorporate pioneering 3-D imaging cameras based on Indium-Gallium-Arsenide Avalanche Photo Diode (InGaAs APD) and novel micro-electronic technology for a 128 x 128 pixel array operating at 30 Hz, high pulse-energy 1.06 ?m Nd:YAG lasers, and high performance transmitter and receiver fixed and zoom optics. The two flash lidars are characterized on the NASA-Langley Research Center (LaRC) Sensor Test Range, integrated with other portions of the ALHAT GNC system from around the country into an instrument pod at NASA-JPL, integrated onto an Erickson Aircrane Helicopter at NASA-Dryden, and flight tested at the Edwards AFB Rogers dry lakebed over a field of human-made geometric hazards. Results show that the maximum operational range goal of 1000m is met and exceeded up to a value of 1200m, that the range precision goal of 8 cm is marginally met, and that the transmitter zoom optics divergence needs to be extended another eight degrees to meet the zoom goal 6° to 24°. Several hazards are imaged at medium ranges to provide three-dimensional Digital Elevation Map (DEM) information.
Master of Science

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1987.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-195).