Статті в журналах: "Algoritmo PC"

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Ospina R., Oscar, Héctor Anzola Vásquez, Olber Ayala Duarte, and Andrea Baracaldo Martínez. "Validación de un algoritmo de procesamiento de imágenes Red Green Blue (RGB), para la estimación de proteína cruda en gramíneas vs la tecnología de espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano (NIRS)." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 31, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): e17940. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v31i2.17940.

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El presente trabajo estuvo orientado a evaluar la precisión del algoritmo de análisis de imágenes Red, Green, Blue (RGB), incluido en el software TaurusWebs ®, que permite calcular el porcentaje de proteína cruda de la materia seca (%PC) de las gramíneas a partir de imágenes de las praderas tomadas por un dron acoplado con cámaras RGB. Se compararon las mediciones del %PC calculadas por el algoritmo frente a un referente, Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS), del laboratorio de Corpoica (Agrosavia), calibrado para gramíneas. Se tomaron 42 muestras para NIRS, 18 de gramíneas de trópico alto en Cundinamarca: kikuyo, Pennisetum clandestinum; falsa poa, Holcus lanatus; pasto brasilero, Phalaris arundinacea y 24 de trópico bajo en Tolima, Colombia: pangola, Digitaria decumbens; pará, Brachiaria mutica; bermuda, Cynodon dactylon y colosuana, Bothriochloa pertusa. Los resultados del NIRS se compararon contra las evaluaciones hechas con el algoritmo de las imágenes de las gramíneas provenientes del mismo potrero donde se tomaron las muestras. Los resultados fueron comparados usando las pruebas no paramétricas de correlación de Kendall, rho=0.83 y de Kruskal Wallis. No se encontraron diferencias entre el resultado del %PC de las gramíneas medida por NIRS vs el %PC medida por el algoritmo de análisis de imágenes RGB. En conclusión, la información generada con el algoritmo se puede utilizar para trabajos de análisis del %PC en gramíneas.

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Trevisan, André Luis, Carlos Augusto Luz, Giane Fernanda Schneider Gross, and Alessandra Dutra. "Pensamento computacional no novo Ensino Médio: atividades desplugadas envolvendo padrões e regularidades." Em Teia | Revista de Educação Matemática e Tecnológica Iberoamericana 13, no. 3 (October 24, 2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2177-9309.2022.254685.

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Muitas estratégias e metodologias tem sido empregadas de modo a favorecer o desenvolvimento de inúmeras habilidades nos estudantes da Educação Básica, como promoção do raciocínio lógico, do pensamento crítico, da resolução de problemas e aquisição de conteúdos científicos. Uma delas é o desenvolvimento do Pensamento Computacional (PC). Assim, este estudo busca analisar as contribuições de atividades desplugadas aplicadas a alunos de duas turmas de Ensino Médio (EM) de uma escola situada ao noroeste do Paraná para ensinar os conteúdos padrões e regularidades por meio dos quatro pilares do PC: decomposição, reconhecimento de padrões, abstração e algoritmo. O tipo de pesquisa empregada no estudo foi a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos não tiveram dificuldades quanto à decomposição, ao reconhecimento de padrões e à elaboração e aplicação de algoritmos. No entanto, a abstração foi a categoria mais difícil de compreensão, o que demonstrou fragilidades na leitura e na interpretação dos dados pelos estudantes.

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Machado, Kheronn Khennedy, and Alessandra Dutra. "Para além da programação: desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional nos conteúdos escolares." Em Teia | Revista de Educação Matemática e Tecnológica Iberoamericana 13, no. 3 (October 24, 2022): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2177-9309.2022.254689.

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A introdução do Pensamento Computacional (PC) na Educação Básica como forma de promover habilidades relacionadas às necessidades da sociedade atual tem despertado interesses nas reformas educacionais e discussões de currículos. No entanto, os estudos de aplicação têm foco em recursos digitais ou atividades desplugadas, desconsiderando os conteúdos escolares para a formação das habilidades ligadas ao PC. Desse modo, o objetivo desse estudo é apresentar e discutir os resultados da aplicação dos pilares do PC - Abstração, Decomposição e Algoritmo - para ensinar sistemas lineares de equações do 1° grau a 31 alunos do 1° ano do Ensino de uma escola situada ao noroeste do Paraná. Após a análise de uma prova diagnóstica, aplicada a nível estadual (Prova Paraná), verificou-se que questões com descritores que tratavam do conteúdo de sistema de equações obteve acertos de 3% e 14,8%. Foi então definida uma intervenção, utilizando como metodologia na resolução de problema um relacionamento aos fundamentos do PC. Os resultados apontam o entendimento dos conceitos nas resoluções das atividades, explicitando os fundamentos de PC. Logo, a contribuição do estudo indica que a aproximação dos pilares pode incorporar problemas cotidianos dos conteúdos curriculares, não necessariamente relacionados com ênfase no ensino de programação de linguagens.

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Cedeño Rogger, Andrade. "Módulo didáctico para controlar nivel y caudal de agua, mediante sistema SCADA, PLC y algoritmo PID." Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v4i2.2196.

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In this project, design and construction of an educational module has been carry out, allowing understand in a practical way, the concepts related to: control system, instrumentation, actuator, programmable logic controller, SCADA system and control algorithm. Module’s principal components are main tank, reserve tank, piping system, fittings, differential pressure transducer, turbine flowmeter, rotameter, control valve, solenoid valves, servovalve, centrifugal pump, PLC and a personal computer (PC). With this, automatic flow and water level control were achieve, through the implementation of a PID control algorithm. In the end, operation tests have been perform, generating changes in set point, and generating disturbances, to observe the response of the process and assess the control system. Keywords — control system, instrumentation, flow control, level control, PLC, SCADA, PID controller

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Llugsi Cañar, Ricardo, and Renato Escandón. "Implementación de un prototipo para captura y procesamiento digital de imágenes térmicas adquiridas desde un UAV." Enfoque UTE 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v9n1.204.

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El presente trabajo se enfoca en el desarrollo de un prototipo para captura y procesamiento de imágenes térmicas desde un UAV (Vehículo Aéreo no Tripulado). El sistema está compuesto por dos partes: una etapa “aire” instalada en un dron DJI Phantom 3 Standard; y, otra programada en un PC receptor denominada “tierra”. El sistema aire permite la adquisición de imágenes con el uso de 3 elementos: una cámara térmica Flir Lepton, una tarjeta Raspberry Pi y un módulo GPS (para georreferenciación), mientras que para la transmisión de las imágenes a tierra se hace uso de una red Ad-Hoc. En la PC se efectúa un análisis de la información mediante el uso de histogramas y la detección de bordes (algoritmo de Canny), lo que desemboca en la generación de un filtro que permitirá discriminar en qué fotografías se puede definir claramente la ubicación de puntos de calor, evitando así el desperdicio de tiempo y potencia de procesamiento en la detección de falsos positivos en las imágenes. Finalmente, y para la comprobación de la correcta operación del sistema, el prototipo fue probado en condiciones climáticas adversas (neblina) en el sector del Volcán Pululahua.

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Peixoto, Renata de Moraes, Rodolfo de Moraes Peixoto, Kárita Cláudia Freitas Lidani, and Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa. "Genotipificação de isolados de Staphylococcus epidermidis provenientes de casos de mastite caprina." Ciência Rural 43, no. 2 (February 2013): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782013000200021.

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Para verificar a dinâmica da resistência aos antimicrobianos em uma propriedade rural no município de Santa Maria da Boa Vista, PE, foram avaliados 14 isolados de Staphylococcus epidermidis de caprinos com mastite subclínica. O perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos foi determinado pelo teste de difusão em disco. A genotipificação foi realizada empregando o marcador REP (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic) - PCR, utilizando o primer RW3A, enquanto os graus de similaridade e o fenograma de agrupamento foram estabelecidos por meio do coeficiente de Sorensen-Dice (SD) do algoritmo UPGMA, programa NTSYS-pc, o qual permitiu a identificação de 4 padrões dos 14 isolados de S. epidermidis, sendo oito no perfil A, quatro no perfil B, um no perfil C e um no perfil D. Para todos os grupos, a resistência à penicilina foi observada, enquanto que, para os grupos A e C, esta foi associada à lincomicina, no grupo B, esta foi associada à tetraciclina.

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Rodríguez Bustinza, Ricardo, and Ewar Mamani Churayra. "CONTROL DE LA VELOCIDAD EN TIEMPO REAL DE UN MOTOR DC CONTROLADO POR LÓGICA DIFUSA TIPO PD+I USANDO LABVIEW." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 21, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v21i1.92.

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En este artículo, se presenta un método basado en inteligencia artificial para controlar una planta motor DC por un microordenador personal (PC), el que interactuando hardware y software logra el control de la velocidad del motor DC en tiempo real usando el algoritmo de control Difuso-PD+I. La adquisición de datos e identificación de los parámetros del motor DC han sido necesarias para el control de la velocidad del motor DC, por medio de la tarjeta de adquisición de datos PCI NIDAQ 6024E cuya interface corre en tiempo real que usa el Workshop Real-Time (RTW), el archivo de datos es procesado con la herramienta de identificación del programa Matlab llamada IDENT. El prototipo del sistema computadora-controlador se diseña empleando la programación grafica de LabVIEW, en este caso se hace uso de las herramientas Fuzzy Logic Control y Simulation Module. El control en tiempo real del sistema se lleva a cabo en el laboratorio usando el convertidor digital-a-analógico (DAC) y encoder formado por dos sensores de efecto hall de tipo incremental que por medio de un convertidor frecuencia voltaje se logra procesar las señales desde las entradas analógicas de la NIDAQ. Se verifican los resultados de simulación de computadora experimentalmente, los que demuestran que la señal de control diseñada puede hacer que la salida del sistema prototipo siga eficientemente las referencias impuestas con mínimo sobrepaso y error en estado estacionario nulo. Palabras clave.- Motor DC, Adquisición de datos, Identificación de parámetros, Diseño del controlador e implementación. ABSTRACTIn this article, a method is presented based on artificial intelligence to control a plant DC motor for a personal microcomputer (PC), that interacted hardware and software achieves the control of the speed of the DC motor in real time using the control algorithm Fuzzy-PD+I. The acquisition of data and identification of the parameters of the DC motor have been necessary for the control of the speed of the motor DC, by means of the card of acquisition of data PCI NIDAQ 6024E whose interface runs in the real time that the Workshop Real-Time uses (RTW), the file of data is processed with the tool of identification of the program called IDENT of Matlab. The prototype of the system computer-controller is designed using the graphic programming of LabVIEW, in this case use of the tools Fuzzy Logic Control and Simulation Module. The control in real time of the system is carried out in the laboratory using the digital-to-analogical converter (DAC) and incremental encoder formed by two sensors of effect hall that is possible to process the signs from the analogical input of the NIDAQ by means of a convertor frequency voltage. The results of computer simulation are verified experimentally, those that demonstrate that the designed control sign can make that the exit of the system prototype follows the references imposed with minimum overshoot and null steady-state error. Keywords.- DC Motor, Data acquisition, Parameters identification, Control design and implementation.

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Li, Haifeng, Mo Hai, and Wenxun Tang. "Prior Knowledge-Based Causal Inference Algorithms and Their Applications for China COVID-19 Analysis." Mathematics 10, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193568.

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Causal inference has become an important research direction in the field of computing. Traditional methods have mainly used Bayesian networks to discover the causal effects between variables. These methods have limitations, namely, on the one hand, the computing cost is expensive if one wants to achieve accurate results, i.e., exponential growth along with the number of variables. On the other hand, the accuracy is not good enough if one tries to reduce the computing cost. In this study, we use prior knowledge iteration or time series trend fitting between causal variables to resolve the limitations and discover bidirectional causal edges between the variables. Subsequently, we obtain real causal graphs, thus establishing a more accurate causal model for the evaluation and calculation of causal effects. We present two new algorithms, namely, the PC+ algorithm and the DCM algorithm. The PC+ algorithm is used to address the problem of the traditional PC algorithm, which needs to enumerate all Markov equivalence classes at a high computational cost or with immediate output of non-directional causal edges. In the PC+ algorithm, the causal tendency among some variables was analyzed via partial exhaustive analysis. By fixing the relatively certain causality as prior knowledge, a causal graph of higher accuracy is the final output at a low running cost. The DCM algorithm uses the d-separation strategy to improve the traditional CCM algorithm, which can only handle the pairwise fitting of variables, and thus identify the indirect causality as the direct one. By using the d-separation strategy, our DCM algorithm achieves higher accuracy while following the basic criteria of Bayesian networks. In this study, we evaluate the proposed algorithms based on the COVID-19 pandemic with experimental and theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that our improved algorithms are effective and efficient. Compared to the exponential cost of the PC algorithm, the time complexity of the PC+ algorithm is reduced to a linear level. Moreover, the accuracies of the PC+ algorithm and DCM algorithm are improved to different degrees; specifically, the accuracy of the PC+ algorithm reaches 91%, much higher than the 33% of the PC algorithm.

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Aydin, K., and J. Singh. "Cloud Ice Crystal Classification Using a 95-GHz Polarimetric Radar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 21, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 1679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1671.1.

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Abstract Two algorithms are presented for ice crystal classification using 95-GHz polarimetric radar observables and air temperature (T). Both are based on a fuzzy logic scheme. Ice crystals are classified as columnar crystals (CC), planar crystals (PC), mixtures of PC and small- to medium-sized aggregates and/or lightly to moderately rimed PC (PSAR), medium- to large-sized aggregates of PC, or densely rimed PC, or graupel-like snow or small lumpy graupel (PLARG), and graupel larger than about 2 mm (G). The 1D algorithm makes use of Zh, Zdr, LDRhv, and T, while the 2D algorithm incorporates the three radar observables in pairs, (Zdr, Zh), (LDRhv, Zh), and (Zdr, LDRhv), plus the temperature T. The range of values for each observable or pair of observables is derived from extensive modeling studies conducted earlier. The algorithms are tested using side-looking radar measurements from an aircraft, which was also equipped with particle probes producing simultaneous and nearly collocated shadow images of cloud ice crystals. The classification results from both algorithms agreed very well with the particle images. The two algorithms were in agreement by 89% in one case and 97% in the remaining three cases considered here. The most effective observable in the 1D algorithm was Zdr, and in the 2D algorithm the pair (Zdr, Zh). LDRhv had negligible effect in the 1D classification algorithm for the cases considered here. The temperature T was mainly effective in separating columnar crystals from the rest. The advantage of the 2D algorithm over the 1D algorithm was that it significantly reduced the dependence on T in two out of the four cases.

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Han, Qing Yu, and Dong Jin. "The Design and Implementation of a New S-Curve Acceleration/Deceleration Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.851.

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The acceleration can be controlled using S-curve acceleration/deceleration algorithm in motion process and the impact of system is decreased in the stage of start or stop. So the S-curve is widely used in CNC or robot system. At present, most acceleration/deceleration algorithms are achieved in PC using strong operation ability of CPU, which increase the delay time of PC. So a simple and efficient S-curve acceleration/deceleration algorithm in FPGA is proposed. This algorithm can share the operation press of PC effectively and achieve flexible control of motion control system.

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Nam, Gibeom, Hyunjoo Shin, Rim Ha, Hyunoh Song, Jaehyun Yoo, Hyuk Lee, Sanghyun Park, Taegu Kang, and Kyunghyun Kim. "Quantification of Phycocyanin in Inland Waters through Remote Measurement of Ratios and Shifts in Reflection Spectral Peaks." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 3335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163335.

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This study introduces a semi-empirical algorithm to estimate the extent of the phycocyanin (PC) concentration in eutrophic freshwater bodies; this is achieved by studying the reflectance characteristics of the red and near-red spectral regions, especially the shifting of the peak near 700 nm towards longer wavelengths. Spectral measurements in a darkroom environment over the pure-cultured cyanobacteria Microcystis showed that the shift is proportional to the algal biomass. A similar proportional trend was found from extensive field measurement data. The data also showed that the correlation of the magnitude of the shift with the PC concentration was greater than that with chlorophyll-a. This indicates that the characteristic can be a useful index to quantify cyanobacterial biomass. Based on these observations, a new PC algorithm was proposed that uses the remote sensing reflectance of the peak band around 700 nm and the trough band around 620 nm, and the magnitude of the peak shift near 700 nm. The efficacy of the algorithm was tested with 300 sets of field data, and the results were compared to select algorithms for the PC concentration prediction. The new algorithm performed better than the other algorithms with respect to most error indices, especially the mean relative error, indicating that the algorithm can reduce errors when PC concentrations are low. The algorithm was also applied to a hyperspectral dataset obtained through aerial imaging, in order to predict the spatial distribution of the PC concentration in an approximately 86 km long reach of the Nakdong River.

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FAZAL, RIZWAN, ATIQ UR REHMAN, and AFTAB ALAM. "Tracing Causality and Co-movement between Pakistani and the Leading Foreign Stock Markets: A Graph Theoretic Approach." International Review of Management and Business Research 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-37.

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This paper developed and modify Peter and Clark (PC) causality algorithm to revisit the causal linkages between Pakistan and the leading foreign stock markets. Initially, the PC algorithm was conceived to determine causality in cross sectional data. Later on, (Swanson & Granger, 1997) for the first time used VAR residuals in PC algorithm to determine the causal ordering in time series. However, the weak point attached to VAR residuals are that it carries only contemporaneous causal information and remove all the past information. This study modify the PC algorithm based on recursive residuals proposed by (Rehman & Malik, 2014) and explore the causality among exchange rate, interest rate and stock market prices. The overall empirical results of modified PC algorithm indicate that causality is running from exchange rate, interest rate and stock market of India and Bangladesh to Pakistani stock market. The results observed from GARCH-GJR model show spill over effect from the leading foreign stock markets toward Pakistan stock market excluding Sir Lanka. The results of the study will guide the investors to be vigilant in decision making in diversified portfolio investment and hedging. Keywords: Financial Markets, PC algorithms, Causality, Graph theoretic Approach, GARCH, GJR.

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Javidian, Mohammad Ali, Marco Valtorta, and Pooyan Jamshidi. "AMP Chain Graphs: Minimal Separators and Structure Learning Algorithms." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 69 (October 7, 2020): 419–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.12101.

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This paper deals with chain graphs (CGs) under the Andersson–Madigan–Perlman (AMP) interpretation. We address the problem of finding a minimal separator in an AMP CG, namely, finding a set Z of nodes that separates a given non-adjacent pair of nodes such that no proper subset of Z separates that pair. We analyze several versions of this problem and offer polynomial time algorithms for each. These include finding a minimal separator from a restricted set of nodes, finding a minimal separator for two given disjoint sets, and testing whether a given separator is minimal. To address the problem of learning the structure of AMP CGs from data, we show that the PC-like algorithm is order dependent, in the sense that the output can depend on the order in which the variables are given. We propose several modifications of the PC-like algorithm that remove part or all of this order-dependence. We also extend the decomposition-based approach for learning Bayesian networks (BNs) to learn AMP CGs, which include BNs as a special case, under the faithfulness assumption. We prove the correctness of our extension using the minimal separator results. Using standard benchmarks and synthetically generated models and data in our experiments demonstrate the competitive performance of our decomposition-based method, called LCD-AMP, in comparison with the (modified versions of) PC-like algorithm. The LCD-AMP algorithm usually outperforms the PC-like algorithm, and our modifications of the PC-like algorithm learn structures that are more similar to the underlying ground truth graphs than the original PC-like algorithm, especially in high-dimensional settings. In particular, we empirically show that the results of both algorithms are more accurate and stabler when the sample size is reasonably large and the underlying graph is sparse

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SINGH, MONINDER. "PATH CONSISTENCY REVISITED." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 05, no. 01n02 (June 1996): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213096000092.

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One of the main factors limiting the use of path consistency algorithms in real life applications is their high space complexity. Han and Lee proposed a path consistency algorithm, PC-4, with O(n3a3) space complexity, which makes it practicable only for small problems. I present a new path consistency algorithm, PC-5, which has an O(n3a2) space complexity while retaining the worst-case time complexity of PC-4. Moreover, the new algorithm exhibits a much better average-case time complexity. The new algorithm is based on the idea (due to Bessiere) that, at any time, only a minimal amount of support has to be found and recorded for a labeling to establish its viability; one has to look for a new support only if the current support is eliminated. I also show that PC-5 can be improved further to yield an algorithm, PC5++, with even better average-case performance and the same space complexity.

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Riddick, Hunter, Gómez, Martinez-Vicente, Présing, Horváth, Kovács, Vörös, Zsigmond, and Tyler. "Optimal Cyanobacterial Pigment Retrieval from Ocean Colour Sensors in a Highly Turbid, Optically Complex Lake." Remote Sensing 11, no. 13 (July 7, 2019): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11131613.

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To date, several algorithms for the retrieval of cyanobacterial phycocyanin (PC) from ocean colour sensors have been presented for inland waters, all of which claim to be robust models. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive comparison to identify the optimal algorithm for retrieval of PC concentrations in the highly optically complex waters of Lake Balaton (Hungary). MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) top-of-atmosphere radiances were first atmospherically corrected using the Self-Contained Atmospheric Parameters Estimation for MERIS data v.B2 (SCAPE-M_B2). Overall, the Simis05 semi-analytical algorithm outperformed more complex inversion algorithms, providing accurate estimates of PC up to ±7 days from the time of satellite overpass during summer cyanobacteria blooms (RMSElog < 0.33). Same-day retrieval of PC also showed good agreement with cyanobacteria biomass (R2 > 0.66, p < 0.001). In-depth analysis of the Simis05 algorithm using in situ measurements of inherent optical properties (IOPs) revealed that the Simis05 model overestimated the phytoplankton absorption coefficient [aph(λ)] by a factor of ~2. However, these errors were compensated for by underestimation of the mass-specific chlorophyll absorption coefficient [a*chla(λ)]. This study reinforces the need for further validation of algorithms over a range of optical water types in the context of the recently launched Ocean Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3.

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Zhao, Jian Feng, Wen Hua Zeng, and Min Liu. "Comparison System of Face Identification Algorithms under Application-Specific." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 2072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.2072.

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It has been the academic researching subject how to objectively compare the various face identification algorithms. This paper design a system based on the Colorado State University identification evaluation system, which can compare face identification algorithms under application-specific. First of all, introduced the old system; then taken the logging system for desktop of PC as an example, designed the comparing system of face identification algorithms under application-specific, coded the process of achieving and pre-processed data and described the steps of processing data; at last tested PCA_MahCosine, LDA_ldaSoft, Bayesian_ML, PCA_Euclidean and Bayesian_MAP five common face identification methods, conclude Bayesian_ML algorithm is the best algorithm in face recognition logging system for logging on PC desktop and give the parameter in the system, provide a sample for testing face identification algorithms under application-specific.

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Ogashawara, Igor, and Lin Li. "Removal of Chlorophyll-a Spectral Interference for Improved Phycocyanin Estimation from Remote Sensing Reflectance." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15 (July 26, 2019): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151764.

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Monitoring cyanobacteria is an essential step for the development of environmental and public health policies. While traditional monitoring methods rely on collection and analysis of water samples, remote sensing techniques have been used to capture their spatial and temporal dynamics. Remote detection of cyanobacteria is commonly based on the absorption of phycocyanin (PC), a unique pigment of freshwater cyanobacteria, at 620 nm. However, other photosynthetic pigments can contribute to absorption at 620 nm, interfering with the remote estimation of PC. To surpass this issue, we present a remote sensing algorithm in which the contribution of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) absorption at 620 nm is removed. To do this, we determine the PC contribution to the absorption at 665 nm and chl-a contribution to the absorption at 620 nm based on empirical relationships established using chl-a and PC standards. The proposed algorithm was compared with semi-empirical and semi-analytical remote sensing algorithms for proximal and simulated satellite sensor datasets from three central Indiana reservoirs (total of 544 sampling points). The proposed algorithm outperformed semi-empirical algorithms with root mean square error (RMSE) lower than 25 µg/L for the three analyzed reservoirs and showed similar performance to a semi-analytical algorithm. However, the proposed remote sensing algorithm has a simple mathematical structure, it can be applied at ease and make it possible to improve spectral estimation of phycocyanin from space. Additionally, the proposed showed little influence from the package effect of cyanobacteria cells.

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18

CHMEISS, ASSEF, and PHILIPPE JEGOU. "EFFICIENT PATH-CONSISTENCY PROPAGATION." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 07, no. 02 (June 1998): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213098000081.

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Recently, efficient algorithms have been proposed to achieve arc- and path-consistencey in constraint networks. For example, for arc-consistency, there are linear time algorithms (in the size of the problem) which are efficient in practice (e.g. AC-6 and AC-7). The best path-consistency algorithm proposed is PC-{5|6} which is a natural generalization of AC-6 to path-consistency. While its theoretical complexity is the best, experimentations show clearly that it is not very efficient in practice. In this paper, we propose two algorithms, one for arc-consistency, AC-8, and the second for path-consistency, PC-8. These algorithms are based on the same principle: to exploit minimal supports as AC-6 and PC-{5|6} do, but without recording them. While for AC-8, this approach is of limited interest, we show that for path-consistency, this new approach allows to outperform significantly existing algorithms.

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Lima, Thainara Munhoz Alexandre de, Claudia Giardino, Mariano Bresciani, Claudio Clemente Faria Barbosa, Alice Fabbretto, Andrea Pellegrino, and Felipe Nincao Begliomini. "Assessment of Estimated Phycocyanin and Chlorophyll-a Concentration from PRISMA and OLCI in Brazilian Inland Waters: A Comparison between Semi-Analytical and Machine Learning Algorithms." Remote Sensing 15, no. 5 (February 26, 2023): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051299.

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The aim of this work is to test the state-of-the-art of water constituent retrieval algorithms for phycocyanin (PC) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations in Brazilian reservoirs from hyperspectral PRISMA images and concurrent in situ data. One near-coincident Sentinel-3 OLCI dataset has also been considered for PC mapping as its high revisit time is a relevant element for mapping cyanobacterial blooms. The testing was first performed on remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), as derived by applying two atmospheric correction methods (6SV, ACOLITE) to Level 1 data and as provided in the corresponding Level 2 products (PRISMA L2C and OLCI L2-WFR). Since PRISMA images were affected by sun glint, the testing of three de-glint models was also performed. The applicability of Semi-Analytical (SA) and Mixture Density Network (MDN) algorithms in enabling PC and chl-a concentration retrieval was then tested over three PRISMA scenes; in the case of PC concentration estimation, a Random Forest (RF) algorithm was further applied. Regarding OLCI, the SA algorithm was tested for PC estimation; notably, only SA was calibrated with site-specific data from the reservoir. The algorithms were applied to the Rrs spectra provided by PRISMA L2C products—and those derived with ACOLITE, in the case of OLCI—as these data showed better agreement with in situ measurements. The SA model provided low median absolute error (MdAE) for PRISMA-derived (MdAE = 3.06 mg.m−3) and OLCI-derived (MdAE = 3.93 mg.m−3) PC concentrations, while it overestimated PRISMA-derived chl-a (MdAE = 42.11 mg.m−3). The RF model for PC applied to PRISMA performed slightly worse than SA (MdAE = 5.21 mg.m−3). The MDN showed a rather different performance, with higher errors for PC (MdAE = 40.94 mg.m−3) and lower error for chl-a (MdAE = 23.21 mg.m−3). The results overall suggest that the model calibrated with site-specific measurements performed better and indicates that SA could be applied to PRISMA and OLCI for remote sensing of PC in Brazilian reservoirs.

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Aghdam, Rosa, Mohsen Alijanpour, Mehrdad Azadi, Ali Ebrahimi, Changiz Eslahchi, and Abolfazl Rezvan. "Inferring gene regulatory networks by PCA-CMI using Hill climbing algorithm based on MIT score and SORDER method." International Journal of Biomathematics 09, no. 03 (February 25, 2016): 1650040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524516500406.

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Inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is a challenging task in Bioinformatics. In this paper, an algorithm, PCHMS, is introduced to infer GRNs. This method applies the path consistency (PC) algorithm based on conditional mutual information test (PCA-CMI). In the PC-based algorithms the separator set is determined to detect the dependency between variables. The PCHMS algorithm attempts to select the set in the smart way. For this purpose, the edges of resulted skeleton are directed based on PC algorithm direction rule and mutual information test (MIT) score. Then the separator set is selected according to the directed network by considering a suitable sequential order of genes. The effectiveness of this method is benchmarked through several networks from the DREAM challenge and the widely used SOS DNA repair network of Escherichia coli. Results show that applying the PCHMS algorithm improves the precision of learning the structure of the GRNs in comparison with current popular approaches.

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Ravi, Aadithya, Easwara E. A. Moorthy, D. Vidya, and G. Mahesh Kumar. "Hybrid Reconfigurable PC Add-on Card for Parallel Image Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 5057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.5057.

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Specific hardware solutions are always faster than programmable architectures. But dedicated architectures have the inherent disadvantage of inflexibility. Changes in the algorithm or extensions of the application are handled easily by programmable architectures. The approach discussed here involves a hardware-software co-design to optimize on performance and programmability. The architecture houses two SHARC processors to aid in parallelizing the image processing algorithms, and a reconfigurable FPGA which may be configured on the fly to execute any of the real-time algorithms as desired. The functional memory would consist of pre-designs (FPGA based) of certain objects, each of which could be used to configure an FPGA to perform a particular function.

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Maulana, Andriansyah, Sjahriani Datau, and Andi Nurfadillah Ali. "Perancangan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Metode Simple Additive Weighting pada Pemilihan Merk Personal Komputer di Laboratorium PPL SMKN 1 Garut." Jurnal Algoritma 18, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33364/algoritma/v.18-2.1030.

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Laboratorium kompetensi keahlian pengembangan perangkat lunak dan gim (PPL) merupakan laboratorium yang berada di bawah kompetensi keahlian pengembangan perangkat lunak dan gim (PPL) SMKN 1 Garut. Laboratorium PPL memiliki personal komputer (PC) sejumlah 40 PC, yang dilakukan rencana penambahan personal komputer atas usul dari ketua kompetensi pengembangan perangkat lunak dan gim dengan beberapa opsi merk personal komputer. Penelitian ini memakai model manajemen perancangan suatu metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dengan memakai model-model yang digunakan sebagai pedoman untuk pengambilan keputusan antara lain harga, nilai ketahanan produk, nilai spesifikasi hardware dan nilai fleksibilitas produk. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sistem pendukung keputusan yaitu Simple Additive Weighting dengan metodologi pengembangan sistem menggunakan metode prototyping. Hasil proses analisa berupa data personal komputer dari berbagai merk, dengan adanya sistem pendukung keputusan diharapkan dapat membantu ketua kompetensi keahlian pengembangan perangkat lunak dan gim dalam mengambil keputusan untuk memilih merk personal komputer yang terbaik untuk Laboratorium PPL SMKN 1 Garut.

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Noor, Fazal, Abdulghani Ibrahim, and Mohammed M. AlKhattab. "Performance of Parallel Distributed Bat Algorithm using MPI on a PC Cluster." Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2020.01.003.

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Optimization algorithms are often used to obtain optimal solutions to complex nonlinear problems and appear in many areas such as control, communication, computation, and others. Bat algorithm is a heuristic optimization algorithm and efficient in obtaining approximate best solutions to non-linear problems. In many situations complex problems involve large amount of computations that may require simulations to run for days or weeks or even years for an algorithm to converge to a solution. In this research, a Parallel Distributed Bat Algorithm (PDBA) is formulated using Message Passing Interface (MPI) in C language code for a PC Cluster. The time complexity of PDBA is determined and presented. The performance in terms of speed-up, efficiency, elapsed time, and number of times fitness function is executed is also presented.

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Zheng, Zhi Hua. "An Efficient Power Control Algorithm with Dynamic Channel Allocation for TDD/CDMA Systems." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 2049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.2049.

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Asymmetrical traffic service requirements between uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) will cause serious inter-cell interference in TDD/CDMA system. In this paper, an efficient power control algorithm with dynamic channel allocation (PC/DCA) is investigated, which is based on the average power control algorithms. In the uplink and downlink, PC/DCA scheme is addressed with channel reservation to resolve the interference between base-stations. Simulation results show that the performance of the PC/DCA scheme is improved 20% than that of the traditional DCA schemes for asymmetrical traffic service.

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Hu, Ya Hui, Le Jiang Guo, Xiao Lei, and Cheng Min. "The Development of Image Processing Board Based on Target Tracking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1322.

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This paper selects the target tracking algorithm suitable for specific target environment: using Mean Shift algorithm based on space edge direction histogram at initialization, selecting tracking algorithm based on block when there is a shelter. On the basis of algorithm analysis and software experiment and studying of TI Company's TMS320DM642 DSP chip internal structure and development process, these two algorithms researched in this paper were transplanted to DSP platform and a series of optimization were been made to the algorithms codes after transplanted ,implementing target tracking and identified via DSP development board instead of PC.

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Ma, Hao, Jian Pan, Lei Lv, Guanghui Xu, Feng Ding, Ahmed Alsaedi, and Tasawar Hayat. "Recursive Algorithms for Multivariable Output-Error-Like ARMA Systems." Mathematics 7, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7060558.

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This paper studies the parameter identification problems for multivariable output-error-like systems with colored noises. Based on the hierarchical identification principle, the original system is decomposed into several subsystems. However, each subsystem contains the same parameter vector, which leads to redundant computation. By taking the average of the parameter estimation vectors of each subsystem, a partially-coupled subsystem recursive generalized extended least squares (PC-S-RGELS) algorithm is presented to cut down the redundant parameter estimates. Furthermore, a partially-coupled recursive generalized extended least squares (PC-RGELS) algorithm is presented to further reduce the computational cost and the redundant estimates by using the coupling identification concept. Finally, an example indicates the effectiveness of the derived algorithms.

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Yu, Zhong An, Chun Li Wang, Pei Yu Guo, and Kong Kan. "Design of Nut Machine Vision Inspection and Screening Systems Based on PC." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 2733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.2733.

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This system use PC as the core of image analysis and processing, with the single chip processor as the control core execution, combining with machine vision image processing technology, using advanced image processing algorithms, to achieve separation of the nut, and through experiments to test the correctness of the algorithm. The system has the advantage of a fast processing speed and high reliability. It not only save the manpower cost, but also improve the efficiency of the nut sorting.

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Musella, Flaminia. "A PC algorithm variation for ordinal variables." Computational Statistics 28, no. 6 (May 31, 2013): 2749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00180-013-0426-5.

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Fetzer, James H. "Mental Algorithms." Pragmatics and Cognition 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.2.1.01fet.

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The idea that human thought requires the execution of mental algorithms provides a foundation for research programs in cognitive science, which are largely based upon the computational conception of language and mentality. Consideration is given to recent work by Penrose, Searle, and Cleland, who supply various grounds for disputing computationalism. These grounds in turn qualify as reasons for preferring a non-computational, semiotic approach, which can account for them as predictable manifestations of a more adquate conception. Thinking does not ordinarily require the execution of mental algorithms, which appears to be at best no more than one rather special kind of thinking.

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Morháč, Miroslav, Ján Kliman, Vladislav Matoušek, and Ivan Turzo. "Multiparameter Nuclear Spectroscopic Data Acquisition and Analysis Package." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 9 (September 1997): 1415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971942141.

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A modular system to realize measurements along with analysis, processing, and visualization of acquired data is described. The acquisition part of the system is based on PC computer and supports several types of CAMAC crate controllers. Besides the standard algorithm, new developed algorithms of data processing have also been included in the system.

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Ogashawara, Igor. "The Use of Sentinel-3 Imagery to Monitor Cyanobacterial Blooms." Environments 6, no. 6 (June 3, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6060060.

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Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) have been a concern for aquatic systems, especially those used for water supply and recreation. Thus, the monitoring of CHABs is essential for the establishment of water governance policies. Recently, remote sensing has been used as a tool to monitor CHABs worldwide. Remote monitoring of CHABs relies on the optical properties of pigments, especially the phycocyanin (PC) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a). The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of recent launch the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) on-board the Sentinel-3 satellite to identify PC and chl-a. To do this, OLCI images were collected over the Western part of Lake Erie (U.S.A.) during the summer of 2016, 2017, and 2018. When comparing the use of traditional remote sensing algorithms to estimate PC and chl-a, none was able to accurately estimate both pigments. However, when single and band ratios were used to estimate these pigments, stronger correlations were found. These results indicate that spectral band selection should be re-evaluated for the development of new algorithms for OLCI images. Overall, Sentinel 3/OLCI has the potential to be used to identify PC and chl-a. However, algorithm development is needed.

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Lee, Young-Nam, Sin-Ryeong Kim, and Young-Gon Kim. "The Priority PC Monitoring System Using Regression Algorithm." Journal of the Institute of Webcasting, Internet and Telecommunication 12, no. 4 (August 31, 2012): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jiwit.2012.12.4.173.

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HIROYASU, Tomoyuki, and Mitsunori MIKI. "Parallel Distributed Genetic Algorithms on PC Cluster Systems." Proceedings of OPTIS 2000.4 (2000): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeoptis.2000.4.305.

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Xian, Bin, Bo Zhao, Yao Zhang, and Xu Zhang. "A low-cost hardware-in-the-loop-simulation testbed of quadrotor UAV and implementation of nonlinear control schemes." Robotica 35, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 588–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574715000727.

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SUMMARYDesigning and testing flight control algorithms for quadrotor UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) is not an easy task due to the risk of possible danger and damage during the practical flight. In order to improve the safety and efficiency of the flight control implementation, a low-cost real-time HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) testbed for quadrotor UAVs is developed in this paper. To realize the HILS testbed, a miniature quadrotor is used as the main body, equipped with a micro AHRS (attitude heading reference system) unit and a self-build DSP (digital signal processor) board. The HILS is implemented by using xPC target. A compact PC/104 computer is utilized as the target computer, and a laptop PC is employed as the host computer. A desktop PC is used as flight visualization computer which runs FlightGear and Google Earth to show visual data, such as orientation and flight path of the quadrotor UAV. This testbed can be utilized for simulating various flight control algorithms, without losing safeness and reliableness. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed testbed, a new nonlinear adaptive sliding mode based stabilization control algorithm is developed and verified on the HILS testbed.

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Jantchou, P., F. Conus, H. Richard, and M. C. Rousseau. "P770 Ascertainment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease cases from administrative health data in Québec, Canada." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S610—S611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.898.

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Abstract Background Administrative databases are useful for estimating population-level disease occurrence. Our objective was to ascertain cases of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by applying two validated algorithms to administrative health data, evaluate agreement, and compare health services utilisation between concordant and discordant cases. Methods The Quebec Birth Cohort on Immunity Health was established through linkage of administrative databases and includes 400 611 persons born in the province of Québec (Canada) from 1970 to 1974. Physician consultations (PC) and hospitalisations (H) for IBD were documented in health databases until 2014. Two validated algorithms were used to identify pediatric IBD cases. Firstly, a single-step algorithm was applied [5PC or 2H within 4 years]. Secondly, a two-step algorithm was implemented, first considering whether the person had undergone sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy before age 18 [yes: 4PC or 2H within 3 years; no: 7PC or 3H within 3 years]. We evaluated the agreement between both algorithms using the Kappa statistic, and compared health services utilisation among concordant and discordant cases using a t-test. Results The single-step algorithm generated 527 pediatric IBD cases (0.13%), whereas 480 (0.12%) were identified with the multi-step algorithm. Among the 534 cases identified by either algorithm, 473 (88.6%) were identified by both, 54 (10.1%) only by the single-step, and 7 (1.3%) only by the multi-step algorithm. Kappa was 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.92, 0.95), and the proportions of positive and negative agreement were respectively 0.94 and 1.00. The average number of PC and H before age 18 years among concordant and discordant cases was respectively 26.0 and 3.9 (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The prevalence of pediatric IBD was similar when applying two different case identification algorithms, few cases were discordant. In the near future, a survey conducted in a subset of the cohort will allow us to compare self-report with ascertainment from administrative databases.

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Fernando, Erick, Dina Fitria Murad, Hetty Rohayani, Fachruddin Fachruddin, and Pandapotan Siagian. "Analisa Dan Implementasi Algoritma Enkripsi Simetris Data Encryption Standard (DES) Pada Raspberry Pi." Ultimatics : Jurnal Teknik Informatika 11, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ti.v11i2.1167.

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Tujuan artikel ini untuk menyajikan enkripsi DES pada pc mini Raspberry Pi. Implementasi ini juga bertujuan untuk menggambarkan bahwa algoritma DES ini dapat diterapkan dengan sumber daya yang kecil. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan eksperimental, yang melakukan proses implementasi dalam perangkat keras pc mini dan perangkat lunak xampp. Algoritma DES di implementasikan berbasis web dengan pemrograman PHP dan server web Apache dengan menggunakan inputan data teks. Hasil penelitian, bahwa algoritma DES dapat berjalan dengan baik dengan perangkat keras minimum, seperti raspberry mini pc dengan waktu yang sangat cepat dalam proses, kecepatan dalam proses dan banyak data teks dari proses. Jadi, algoritma DES dapat diadopsi secara luas untuk berbagai aplikasi dari raspberry PI mini dengan menghasilkan informasi yang kuat dalam keamanan dan keandalan.

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Castro García, Yair, Rafael Enrique Cabanillas López, and Josefa García Sánchez. "ALGORITMOS GENÉTICOS EN EL ESTUDIO DE LÍQUIDOS IÓNICOS PARA ENFRIAMIENTO SOLAR." Biotecnia 19 (September 21, 2017): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v19i0.409.

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Se conjugó el modelo PC-SAFT y la Teoría de Fricción (PC-SAFT+f-theory) a través de las presiones atractiva y repulsiva moleculares para modelar el comportamiento de fases densimétrico y viscosimétrico de los compuestos puros 2,2,2-trifluoroetanol (TFE) que actúa como refrigerante y el líquido iónico 1-butil-3-metilimidazolio hexafluorofosfato [C1C4im][PF6] como absorbente. El conjunto de parámetros del modelo PC-SAFT+f-theory se optimizó usando algoritmos genéticos. Se comparó la densidad calculada con datos experimentales y se estudiaron los coeficientes de fricción en la viscosidad. Los resultados muestran que los Algoritmos Genéticos son métodos potentes para la optimización del conjuntos de parámetros del modelo PC-SAFT + Teoría de fricción permitiendo la correlación/predicción del equilibrio de fases y del comportamiento volumétrico de fluidos de trabajo en sistemas de enfriamiento por absorción activados con energía solar.

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38

Xu, Suwa, Bochao Jia, and Faming Liang. "Learning Moral Graphs in Construction of High-Dimensional Bayesian Networks for Mixed Data." Neural Computation 31, no. 6 (June 2019): 1183–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01190.

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Bayesian networks have been widely used in many scientific fields for describing the conditional independence relationships for a large set of random variables. This letter proposes a novel algorithm, the so-called p-learning algorithm, for learning moral graphs for high-dimensional Bayesian networks. The moral graph is a Markov network representation of the Bayesian network and also the key to construction of the Bayesian network for constraint-based algorithms. The consistency of the p-learning algorithm is justified under the small- n, large- p scenario. The numerical results indicate that the p-learning algorithm significantly outperforms the existing ones, such as the PC, grow-shrink, incremental association, semi-interleaved hiton, hill-climbing, and max-min hill-climbing. Under the sparsity assumption, the p-learning algorithm has a computational complexity of O(p2) even in the worst case, while the existing algorithms have a computational complexity of O(p3) in the worst case.

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Kuk, Francis, Petri Korhonen, Chi Lau, Denise Keenan, and Magnus Norgaard. "Evaluation of a Pinna Compensation Algorithm for Sound Localization and Speech Perception in Noise." American Journal of Audiology 22, no. 1 (June 2013): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2012/12-0043).

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Purpose This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a pinna compensation (PC) algorithm on localization performance in the horizontal plane and speech intelligibility in noise. Method Nine and 18 experienced hearing aid users with bilaterally symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss participated in the localization study and the speech-in-noise study, respectively. Performance was evaluated unaided, aided with a behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid with an omnidirectional microphone (Omni), and aided with the same hearing aid with the PC algorithm (Omni+PC). Localization performance was measured using 12 loudspeakers spaced 30° apart on a horizontal plane. Speech-in-noise performance was measured with speech presented from 0° or 180°. A single-blinded, repeated measures design was used. Results Significant improvement in localization accuracy was found when comparing the Omni+PC condition to the Omni condition. Also, the Omni+PC condition improved the signal-to-noise ratio by 2.4 dB when compared to the Omni condition when speech was presented from the front in a diffuse noise background. Conclusion Use of the PC algorithm improved localization on the horizontal plane and speech-in-noise performance. These results support use of the PC algorithm in BTE hearing aid fittings.

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Gao, Jian, Eileen Moran, Amy Schwartz, and Christopher Ruser. "Case-mix for assessing primary care value (CPCV)." Health Services Management Research 33, no. 4 (June 17, 2020): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951484820931063.

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Measuring primary care (PC) performance and designing payment systems that reward value rather than volume have been a great challenge due in large part to lack of reliable risk adjustment mechanisms pertinent to primary care. Using risk scores designed for total resource needs to assess PC performance or set PC payment rates is inadequate because high-cost patients may not have high needs in PC and vice versa. The greatest challenge in developing a risk algorithm for PC is that significant components of PC providers’ workload are unobservable but needed in the modeling. In this study, we sought to overcome this challenge by analyzing 5,172,773 patients in the U.S. Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system to identify potential proxies of the unobservable PC workload. By combining the number of PC visits and prescription drug classes, we formed a proxy for the expected PC workload, which enabled us to develop a case-mix algorithm pertaining to primary care. The resultant algorithm with high explanatory power (R2 = 0.702) is based on a publicly available patient classification system to account for patient comorbidities and thus can be used by other health systems to compare PC performance, workload, staffing levels, and to set more equitable payment rates.

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Zheng, Shangmin, Qiang Shen, Chong Guan, Haigen Cheng, Haiyan Zhuang, and Man Zhou. "Semi-Active Control of Seismic Response on Prestressed Concrete Continuous Girder Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 12881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412881.

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To improve the seismic capacity of prestressed concrete (PC) continuous girder bridges with corrugated steel webs (CSWs), suitable damping control measures can be used to effectively reduce the seismic response of the bridge. Based on the semi-active control theory, the semi-active control system of a three-span PC continuous girder bridge with CSWs is designed, and the semi-active control system program of the three-span PC continuous girder bridge with CSWs is compiled by MATLAB. The time–history curves of damper energy consumption of active optimal control algorithm and three different semi-active control algorithms are compared and analyzed, as are the time–history curves of main girder displacement, acceleration, and pier internal force with or without semi-active control. The study shows that the rational determination of the weight matrix coefficient can make the active control achieve a better vibration absorption effect and economy. The semi-active control algorithm of Hrovat has the best vibration absorption effect, which is closest to that of the active optimal control algorithm. Under the state of semi-active control, the average vibration absorption rate of displacement and acceleration of the main girder with CSWs are 71% and 20%, respectively. The time–history curve of bending moment and shear force in the pier bottom is similar, and the average vibration absorption rate of bending moment and shear force at the bottom of pier #2 is 70%. At the same time, the average vibration absorption rate of bending moment and shear force at the bottom of pier #3 is between 42% and 48%. The semi-active control measure has a good vibration absorption effect on the overall seismic response of the PC continuous girder bridges with CSWs. This study provides a certain reference for the seismic reduction and isolation design of composite structure bridge with CSWs.

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Kim, Minjeong, and Jimin Koo. "Embedded System Performance Analysis for Implementing a Portable Drowsiness Detection System for Drivers." Technologies 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies11010008.

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Drowsiness on the road is a widespread problem with fatal consequences; thus, a multitude of systems and techniques have been proposed. Among existing methods, Ghoddoosian et al. utilized temporal blinking patterns to detect early signs of drowsiness, but their algorithm was tested only on a powerful desktop computer, which is not practical to apply in a moving vehicle setting. In this paper, we propose an efficient platform to run Ghoddoosian’s algorithm, detail the performance tests we ran to determine this platform, and explain our threshold optimization logic. After considering the Jetson Nano and Beelink (Mini PC), we concluded that the Mini PC is most efficient and practical to run our embedded system in a vehicle. To determine this, we ran communication speed tests and evaluated total processing times for inference operations. Based on our experiments, the average total processing time to run the drowsiness detection model was 94.27 ms for the Jetson Nano and 22.73 ms for the Beelink (Mini PC). Considering the portability and power efficiency of each device, along with the processing time results, the Beelink (Mini PC) was determined to be most suitable. Additionally, we propose a threshold optimization algorithm, which determines whether the driver is drowsy, or alert based on the trade-off between the sensitivity and specificity of the drowsiness detection model. Our study will serve as a crucial next step for drowsiness detection research and its application in vehicles. Through our experiments, we have determined a favorable platform that can run drowsiness detection algorithms in real-time and can be used as a foundation to further advance drowsiness detection research. In doing so, we have bridged the gap between an existing embedded system and its actual implementation in vehicles to bring drowsiness technology a step closer to prevalent real-life implementation.

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43

Fernando, Erick, Surjandy Surjandy, Muhamad Irsan, Hetty Rohayani A. H, and Fachruddin Fachruddin. "Review on Realization of AES 256bit Encryption with Raspberry Pi." IJNMT (International Journal of New Media Technology) 6, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ijnmt.v6i1.1070.

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In this article, it aims to present the AES encryption on the Raspberry Pi mini pc. this application also aims to illustrate that this AES algorithm can be applied with small resources. This research was conducted with an experimental approach, which carried out the implementation process in mini pc hardware and xampp software (php, apache). This AES algorithm is tested by PHP programming with Apache web server with text data. The results of the study, that the AES algorithm can run well with a hard minimum, like raspberry mini pc with a very fast time in the process, speed in the process and a lot of text data. So, AES algorithm can be widely adopted for various applications from raspberry PI mini pc computers with strong practicality in information security and reliability.

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44

Tassa, Tamir, Tal Grinshpoun, and Avishay Yanai. "PC-SyncBB: A privacy preserving collusion secure DCOP algorithm." Artificial Intelligence 297 (August 2021): 103501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2021.103501.

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45

ZHAO, Yue, Fei QIAN, Jijun WU, Hideki AOI, and Aiguo HE. "A Parallel Simulated Annealing Algorithm in PC-Cluster Environments." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 120, no. 5 (2000): 771–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.120.5_771.

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46

Zhang, Yan Yan, and Li Qiang He. "Parallel Best Neighborhood Matching Algorithm on PC Cluter Platform." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4109.

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Best Neighborhood Matching (BNM) has been shown to be an effective technique to recover a broken image due to a failed network transmission. For high definition image, the time of recovering using BNM algorithm is relative too long and not suitable for real time processing. And the original BNM only targets at gray scale image, and not considers the color image case. In this paper, we extend the BNM algorithm to color image area and use PC clusters to parallelly recover the image and improve the processing speed dramatically. The experiment result from a four nodes cluster system shows that our parallel BNM implementation improves the processing speed up to 7.52 times without any obvious recover quality decrease.

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47

Kalisch, Markus, and Peter Bühlmann. "Robustification of the PC-Algorithm for Directed Acyclic Graphs." Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 17, no. 4 (December 2008): 773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/106186008x381927.

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48

Basha, A. M., and K. Anantha Raman. "PC based IIR filter algorithm for power transformer relaying." Electric Power Systems Research 28, no. 2 (November 1993): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(93)90005-y.

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49

Alsuwat, Emad, Hatim Alsuwat, Marco Valtorta, and Csilla Farkas. "Adversarial data poisoning attacks against the PC learning algorithm." International Journal of General Systems 49, no. 1 (June 17, 2019): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2019.1630401.

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50

Sarjimin, Herman, and Anton Yudhana. "Perbandingan Tool Forensik pada Mozilla Firefox Private Mode Menggunakan Metode NIST." Jurnal Algoritma 18, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33364/algoritma/v.18-1.873.

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Penggunaan System Operasi Linux yang didistribusikan secara open source menjadikannya operating system yang dapat didistribusikan secara masif oleh banyak perusahaan. PC/Notebook maupun perangkat pintar yang berbasiskan Linux semakin diminati oleh user karena dalam proses distribusinya tidak dipungut biaya apapun. Memberikan layanan browsing internet kepada para user secara privat dan tidak meninggalkan jejak digital merupakan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh web browser sebagai upaya invovasi web browser mendapatkan pengguna layanan sebanyak-banyaknya. Metode investigasi forensic web browser private mode menjadi hal yang perlu guna menjadi acuan dalam melakukan forensic terhadap kasus/kejadian kejahatan yang melibatkan layanan browsing secara privat. Ada banyak tools yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk melakukan live forensics dan analisis data. Penelitian ini berhasil mengungkap bahwa layanan browsing secara privat yang disediakan oleh Mozilla Firefox nyata-nyata tidak privat secara menyeluruh. Artefak digital masih dapat ditemukan dalam RAM dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan berbagai macam tools untuk forensic, tools Autopsy berhasil mendapatkan data log browser sebesar 83%. Hasil artefak investigasi tersebut dapat menjadi acuan permulaan para investigator dalam penegakan hukum untuk mencari tersangka lain dan mendalami sebuah kasus yang melibatkan banyak pihak.

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