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1
Al-Hasawi, Zaki M., Mohammad I. Abdel-Hamid, Adel W. Almutairi, and Hussein E. Touliabah. "Response of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in Free and Alginate Immobilized Cells to Heavy Metals Toxicity." Molecules 25, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effects of 12 heavy metals on growth of free and alginate-immobilized cells of the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were investigated. The tested metals ions include Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Se, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn. Toxicity values (EC50) were calculated by graphical interpolation from dose-response curves. The highest to the lowest toxic metals are in the order Cd > Co > Hg > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cr > Al > Se > As > Pb > Sr. The lowest metal concentration (mg L−1) inhibiting 50% (EC50) of algal growth of free and immobilized (values in parentheses) algal cells were, 0.018 (0.09) for Cd, 0.03 (0.06) for Co, 0.039 (0.06) for Hg, 0.048 (0.050) for Cu, 0.055 (0.3) for Ni, 0.08 (0.1) for Zn, 0.2 (0.3) for Cr, 0.75 (1.8) for Al, 1.2 (1.4) for Se, 3.0 (4.0) for As, 3.3 (5.0) for Pb, and 160 (180) for Sr. Free and immobilized cultures showed similar responses to Cu and Se. The free cells were more sensitive than the immobilized ones. Accordingly, the toxicity (EC50) of heavy metals derived only form immobilized algal cells might by questionable. The study suggests that batteries of alginate-immobilized algae can efficiently replace free algae for the bio-removal of heavy metals.
2
Zatout, Masoud M. M., Yousef K. A. Abdalhafid, and Salmeen H. Alhage. "Effect of Wastewater on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Cystoseria sp. (Brown algae) and Enteromorpha. sp. (Green algae) in Derna Coast, Libya." Al-Mukhtar Journal of Sciences 33, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v33i2.179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work was studied effect of wastewater pollution on heavy metal accumulation in Cystoseria sp., (brown seaweed) and Enteromorpha sp. (Green algae), in an effort to gain some insight into the level of metal contamination which might exist in the coastal marine environment along the Derna coast. Assessed by measuring the concentration of heavy metals as Pb, Zn, Mn and Cd, in the algae tissue and seawater. The results indicate concentrations of metals were invariably slightly higher in Enteromorpha sp., than in Cystoseria sp., at all sampling stations. The metals concentrations recorded for the different tissues and sites of the present study confirm the higher concentrations usually observed in summer. The average MPI was highest (0.86) for the both species inhabiting S6 station and least (0.29) at S1 station. In general, the all of heavy metals show no detrimental effects on the domestic aquatic environment of Derna coast. However, must be monitored continuously to ensure that they stay at harmless levels.
3
Nekvapil, Fran, Iolanda-Veronica Ganea, Alexandra Ciorîță, Razvan Hirian, Sanja Tomšić, Ildiko Melinda Martonos, and Simona Cintă Pinzaru. "A New Biofertilizer Formulation with Enriched Nutrients Content from Wasted Algal Biomass Extracts Incorporated in Biogenic Powders." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 8777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168777.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Raw algae waste naturally thrown on shores could pose serious threats for landfilling and its reuse for composting or further processing as added-value by-products require knowledge-based decisions and management for the sustainable development of local ecosystems. Raw marine waste containing salt (halite) and heavy metals that eventually accumulate in algae hamper their safe applicability in soil fertilization or in other exploitations. Here, the suitability of algal biomass for use as an environmentally safe fertilizer was investigated, thereby supporting sustainable coastal management. The simple extraction of the dry algal biomass of three abundant Mediterranean species, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Corallina elongata, and Gelidium pulchellum, in water containing sodium carbonate resulted in a greenish extract containing a reduced heavy metals content, and nutrients such as K+, PO43−, SO42−, NO3−, Ca2+, and Mg2+. UV-Vis and Raman techniques, including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), were employed for the fast evidencing of polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophylls in the extracts content, while E. intestinalis extract additionally exhibited polysaccharide signals. Heavy metals analysis showed that the major metals in the extracts were Fe, Ni, Zn, and Cu; however, their levels were an order of magnitude lower than in the dry biomass. The extracts also showed a mild antibacterial effect. The combination option of aqueous extracts with powdered crustacean shells to obtain a novel, eco-friendly, solid biofertilizer complex was further shown, which could be pelleted for convenient use. The immersion of solid biofertilizer pellets in water is accompanied by re-solubilization of the compounds originating from algae extracts, presenting the opportunity for dry storage and easier handling and land applicability. In summary, aqueous extracts of marine algae waste present an environmentally safe and attractive way to recycle excessive algal biomass and to formulate a new, eco-friendly biofertilizer complex.
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Hu, Zhewei, Shu Jin, Rongrong Ying, Xiaohui Yang, and Baoping Sun. "Eucalyptus Leaf Solution to Replace Metals in the Removal of Cyanobacteria in Wastewater from the Paper Mill Industry." Water 13, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The frequent occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms, caused by the eutrophication of water bodies, has triggered several ecological issues. Metal-controlled cyanobacteria are resulting in a series of secondary environmental problems and thus limiting environmental sustainability. Whether there is a more environmentally friendly way to replace metals in the removal of cyanobacteria is still unclear. To explore whether common heavy metals inhibit algal growth and whether Eucalyptus leaves (EL) can replace heavy metal ions in controlling algae outbreaks, here, we add Fe3+, Al3+, 3 mol/L of zinc (Zn3), 10 mol/L zinc (Zn10), and EL to a medium containing Cyanobacteria. We determine the medium’s color (456 nm), UV (254 nm), chlorophyll a, turbidity, temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity, and blue-green algae (BGA) at days 1, 4, 7, 11, 14, 19, and 21. We find that Fe3+, Al3+, Zn3, Zn10, and EL can inhibit chlorophyll synthesis, thereby impeding algae biomass growth due to metal ions’ disruption of the chlorophyll structure. The toxicity of Zn2+ may be higher than that of Fe3+ and Al3+ since it can completely destroy the structure of chlorophyll a. The damage of Zn (10) to chlorophyll a is stronger than that of Zn (3), indicating that high concentrations of metals have a stronger inhibitory effect on algae. The toxicity of EL to algae is lower than that of other metals, but it can significantly inhibit the growth of algae. We suggest the use of Eucalyptus leaves to inhibit algal growth in eutrophic water bodies. Our results provide a scientific basis for an environmentally friendly approach to controlling cyanobacteria outbreaks.
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Wang, Yuhui, Xinshan Song, Hongwei Li, and Yi Ding. "Removal of metals from water using a novel high-rate algal pond and submerged macrophyte pond treatment reactor." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A combined high-rate algal pond and submerged macrophyte pond (APMP) reactor was introduced as a novel biotechnique for efficient heavy metals (HMs) removal from wastewater. The role of water temperature, light regime, and N:P mass ratio on algae growth and HMs removal as well as effects of macrophyte species and densities on algae extermination were investigated through batch experiments. Results showed that water temperature significantly affected algae proliferation and HMs removal. Effects of light regime and N:P only showed obvious influences on HMs removal performance at high temperature. HMs removal efficiency reached 75.8% (Cr), 63.6% (Pb), and 61.1% (Zn) at 5-day hydraulic retention time (HRT) in APMP. Positive correlation existed closely between HMs removal and algal growth with long HRT. Algae were strongly inhibited by Ceratophyllum demersum and Vallisneria natans at plant density of 20–30 rhizomes m−2 with effluent algae concentration about 1,000 cells mL−1 at 7-day HRT. Results suggested that the APMP reactor was efficient for HMs removal from wastewater, indicating a possible effective metals removal technique by using APMP.
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Zeng, Guoming, Yu He, Dong Liang, Fei Wang, Yang Luo, Haodong Yang, Quanfeng Wang, et al. "Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Copper, Cadmium and Nickel by Microcystis Aeruginosa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 13867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113867.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To investigate the treatment effect of algae biosorbent on heavy metal wastewater, in this paper, the adsorption effect of M. aeruginosa powder on heavy metal ions copper, cadmium and nickel was investigated using the uniform experimental method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TG-DSC comprehensive thermal analysis. The experimental results showed that the initial concentration of copper ion solution was 25 mg/L, the temperature was 30 °C, the pH value was 8 and the adsorption time was 5 h, which was the best condition for the removal of copper ions by algae powder adsorption, and the removal rate was 83.24%. The initial concentration of cadmium ion solution was 5 mg/L, the temperature was 35 °C, the pH value was 8 and the adsorption time was 4 h, which was the best condition for the adsorption of cadmium ion by algae powder, and the removal rate was 92.00%. The initial nickel ion solution concentration of 15 mg/L, temperature of 35 °C, pH value of 7 and adsorption time of 1 h were the best conditions for the adsorption of nickel ions by algae powder, and the removal rate was 88.67%. The spatial structure of algae powder changed obviously before and after adsorbing heavy metals. The functional groups such as amino and phosphate groups on the cell wall of M. aeruginosa enhanced the adsorption effect of heavy metal ions copper, cadmium and nickel. Additionally, M. aeruginosa adsorption of heavy metal ions copper, cadmium, nickel is an exothermic process. The above experiments show that M. aeruginosa can be used as a biological adsorbent to remove heavy metals, which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent treatment of heavy metal pollution by algae.
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Guruvaiah, Mahendraperumal, and Keesoo Lee. "Effect of Flue Gas on Microalgae Population and Study the Heavy Metals Accumulation in Biomass from Power Plant System." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (June 25, 2014): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microalgae have high photosynthetic efficiency that can fix CO2 from the flue gas directly without any upstream CO2 separation, and concomitantly produce biomass for biofuel applications. These gases, both untreated and treated into current discharge standards, contain CO2, N2, H2O, O2, NOx, SOx, CxHy, CO, particulate matter, halogen acids and heavy metals. Microalgae population studies were conducted in a batch mode experiments at Power plant site of Chamois, Missouri. The experiments were conducted in different period (June to December 2011) of time. This study evaluated the effect of several heavy metals that are present in flue gases on the algae, focusing on the growth and accumulation of lipids in the algae that can be converted to biodiesel. The genus Scenedesmus presented the greatest richness of species and number of counted individuals in the flue gas ponds compare than non flue gas treatment ponds. Among the diatomaceae the genus Navicula sp, Nitizchia sp and Synedra sp. presented the next subdominant richness in the ponds. The last results of counted green algae Ulothrix sp and Coelastrum sp were least number of cells reported in these ponds. The heavy metal-contaminated in flue gas and also enter into the microalgae biomass population. Comparative studies were carried out by flue gas and control system of open ponds. Control system of microalgae population was represented in less amount of heavy metals compare than flue gas ponds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10247 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 114-120
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Ankit, Kuldeep Bauddh, and John Korstad. "Phycoremediation: Use of Algae to Sequester Heavy Metals." Hydrobiology 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 288–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology1030021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Industrialization, natural processes, and urbanization have potentially accelerated the pace and the level of heavy metals (HMs) in soil and underground water. These HMs may be accumulated in plants and animals when they take up such contaminated water, and then make their way into human food chains. Several remediation technologies have been employed to take up HMs. Diverse conventional means such as ion exchange, electrolytic technologies, and chemical extraction have been employed in the past, but the majority of these techniques are not economical for extensive projects and they need stringent control and continuous monitoring. These technologies also have low efficiency for effective removal of HMs. In this context, algae offer an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative for remediation of HMs from polluted water. The accumulation of HMs by macro and microalgae is advantageous for phycoremediation compared to other approaches that are not economical and not environmentally friendly. So, there is an urgent necessity to refine the chances of accumulation of HMs in algae, employing the techniques of genetic engineering to create transgenic species for over-expressing metallothioneins and phytochelatins, which may form complexes with HMs and store them in vacuoles to make the maximum use of phytoaccumulation while also removing hazardous metals from the aquatic habitats. This review outlines the major sources of HMs, their adverse effects on humans, the potential of algae in phytoremediation (called phycoremediation), and their uptake mechanism of HMs.
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Starodub, M. E., P. T. S. Wong, C. I. Mayfield, and Y. K. Chau. "Influence of Complexation and pH on Individual and Combined Heavy Metal Toxicity to a Freshwater Green Alga." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of complexation and pH on heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb) toxicity to a freshwater green alga, Scenedesmus quadricauda, was investigated. Extracellular ligands produced by S. quadricauda were capable of binding heavy metals and reducing their single and combined toxicities. Apparent complexing capacities and the ability of the sediment humics and artificial complexing agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and glycolic acid to ameliorate Cu, Zn, or Pb toxicity were also assessed. The toxicity of metals to algal growth was enhanced at acidic pH. Combined toxicity of these metals was significantly greater at pH 4.5 than at pH 8.5 or pH 6.5. Synergistic effects (between Cu, Zn, and Pb) towards algal growth increased at low pH. Specific heavy metals, their respective concentrations, the presence of complexing ligands, and pH influence both individual and combined heavy metal toxicities.
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JONES, A. LESLEY, and JOHN L. HARWOOD. "Effects of heavy metals on lipid metabolism in marine algae." Biochemical Society Transactions 16, no. 3 (June 1, 1988): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0160275.
Повний текст джерела
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Effects of lead and Zenic on Scenedesmus quadricaudaVar. longispina algae." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2009): 488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.3.488-498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study includs,effect of concentration of Lead 0.2 ,0.3 , 0.5, 5 , 10 mg/L and Zinc 0.1,0.5 , 2 , 4 , 8 mg/L lonely or to gether on growth green algae( Scenedesmus quadricauda var . longispina) according to the total qauntity for the cells and the adsorption of the algae to the zn,pb concentration .growth curve and dubbling time growth were calculated with or without there heavy metals . Results shows that there are significant differences (P
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Wang, Jueqiao, Bin Yan, Hengchang Zhang, Lianqi Huang, Huan Wang, Qiaojuan Lan, Maoyun Yin, et al. "Heavy Metals Exacerbate the Effect of Temperature on the Growth of Chlorella sp.: Implications on Algal Blooms and Management." Processes 10, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the accelerated urbanization and rapid development of the industrial and agricultural sectors, concern about the pollution of water environments is becoming more widespread. Algal blooms of varying sizes are becoming increasingly frequent in lakes and reservoirs; temperatures, nutrients, heavy metals, and dissolved oxygen are the factors that influence algal bloom occurrence. However, knowledge of the combined effect of heavy metals and temperature on algal growth remains limited. Thus, this study investigated how specific concentrations of heavy metals affect algal growth at different temperatures; to this end, two heavy metals were used (0.01 mg/L Pb2+ and 0.05 mg/L Cr6+) at three incubation temperatures (15, 25, and 30 °C) with the alga Chlorella sp. A higher incubation temperature contributed to a rise in soluble proteins, which promoted algal growth. The density of algal cells increased with temperature, and catalase (CAT) decreased with increasing temperature. Chlorella sp. growth and catalase activity were optimal at 30 °C (algal cell density: 1.46 × 107 cell/L; CAT activity: 29.98 gprot/L). Pb2+ and Cr6+ significantly promoted Chlorella sp. growth during incubation at 25 and 30 °C, respectively. At specific temperatures, 0.01 mg/L Pb2+ and 0.05 mg/L Cr6+ promoted the production of soluble proteins and, hence, the growth of Chlorella sp. The results provide a useful background for the mitigation and prevention of algal blooms.
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Varela Hernandez, Higinio Pablo. "Effects of heavy metals ions on primary photosynthetic processes in Antarctic filamentous alga Zygnema sp. ( Short Communication )." Czech Polar Reports 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2016-2-16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Algae show different extent of resistance to heavy metals. In this study, the resistance of green filamentous alga Zygnema sp. (strain EEL201, originally collected at James Ross Island, Antarctica) was tested by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The alga was taken from the stock culture cultivated on agar, innoculated to liquid medium and allowed to develop biomass large enough for exposition experiments. Heavy metal treatments consisted of addition of Cd and Zn so that effective concentration was 66 mM. Response of primary photosynthetic processes to Cd, Zn addition was assessed by the exposition time-dependent decrease in potential quantum yield (FV/FM) photosystem II (PS II) and relative fluorescence decline ratio (RFd). Cd- and Zn-treated Zygnema sp. exhibited similar extent of decline of the two parameters associated with inhibition of primary processes of photosynthesis. Negative changes to PS II, however, did not bring full inhibition of PS II functioning since FV/FM was about 0.450 after 120 min. exposition. The results might indicate a potential of Antarctic Zygnema in the studies focused on resistance to heavy metals and phytoremediation technologies.
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Nielsen, Søren Achim, and Jørgen Clausen. "The Use of Marine Algae for Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 17, no. 3 (March 1990): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299001700325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The phytoplankton species Chlorella stigmatophora was used to monitor the effect of lead (as lead chloride). In order to standardise the toxicity assay, initial low concentrations of algae were used during optimal supply with nutrients, to avoid the problem of light shading. The growth rates of control algae were compared during 3–4 doubling periods with those exposed to 98-980nM lead. Since heavy metals may influence enzymic activities, e.g. of selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase by precipitating selenium as selenium selenide, the growth rate was compared with the specific glutathione peroxidase activity. Our data demonstrate that it is possible to monitor for lead toxicity (and other heavy metal toxicity) both by decrease in growth rate and by inhibition of enzymic activity. Since cultivation of unicellular algae is relatively simple, it should be possible to use such systems for ecotoxicological screening.
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Mehrandish, Reza, Aliasghar Rahimian, and Alireza Shahriary. "Heavy metals detoxification: A review of herbal compounds for chelation therapy in heavy metals toxicity." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 8, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jhp.2019.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some heavy metals are nutritionally essential elements playing key roles in different physiological and biological processes, like: iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, chromium, molybdenum, selenium and manganese, while some others are considered as the potentially toxic elements in high amounts or certain chemical forms. Nowadays, various usage of heavy metals in industry, agriculture, medicine and technology has led to a widespread distribution in nature raising concerns about their effects on human health and environment. Metallic ions may interact with cellular components such as DNA and nuclear proteins leading to apoptosis and carcinogenesis arising from DNA damage and structural changes. As a result, exposure to heavy metals through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact causes several health problems such as, cardiovascular diseases, neurological and neurobehavioral abnormalities, diabetes, blood abnormalities and various types of cancer. Due to extensive damage caused by heavy metal poisoning on various organs of the body, the investigation and identification of therapeutic methods for poisoning with heavy metals is very important. The most common method for the removal of heavy metals from the body is administration of chemical chelators. Recently, medicinal herbs have attracted the attention of researchers as the potential treatments for the heavy metals poisoning because of their fewer side effects. In the present study, we review the potential of medicinal herbs such as: Allium sativum (garlic), Silybum marianum (milk thistle), Coriandrum sativum (cilantro), Ginkgo biloba (gingko), Curcuma longa (turmeric), phytochelatins, triphala, herbal fibers and Chlorophyta (green algae) to treat heavy metal poisoning.
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Wium-Andersen, T., A. H. Nielsen, T. Hvitved-Jakobsen, and J. Vollertsen. "Heavy metals, PAHs and toxicity in stormwater wet detention ponds." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concentrations of 6 different heavy metals and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in stormwater runoff and in the pond water of two Danish wet detention ponds. The pond water samples were analyzed for toxic effects, using the algae Selenastrum capricornutum as a test organism. Stormwater and pond water from a catchment with light industry showed high levels of heavy metals, especially zinc and copper. The pond water showed high toxic effects and copper were found to be the main toxicant. Additionally, a large part of the copper was suspected to be complex bound, reducing the potential toxicity of the metal. Another catchment (residential) produced stormwater and pond water with moderate concentration of heavy metals. The pond water occasionally showed toxic effects but no correlation between heavy metals and toxicity was identified. PAHs concentrations were for both catchments low and no correlations between PAH concentrations in the pond and toxicity were found.
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Buragohain, Bharat Banti, and Farishta Yasmin. "Biomonitoring of Pollution by Microalgae Community in Aquatic System with Special Reference to Water Quality of River Kolong, Nagaon, Assam, India." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2014): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9345.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With growing urbanization and industrialization India faces the challenge of providing clean and safe drinking water. In the name of economic growth most rivers and streams are turning into sewers. Pollution effect is equally damaging both biotic and abiotic components. Microalgae play an interesting role in forecasting changing environment. Pollution in aquatic environment like changing pH; addition of oil, heavy metals; increase of organic matter and chemical fertilizers can be traced by studying algal community. Abundant growth of particular algae, drastic change in species diversity and depletion of long inhabitant algal flora indicates the pollution in a very initial stage. In the present study, attempt has been made to point out some indicator algae of Kolong River which is getting polluted day by day and in placed among the 71 most polluted stretch of river in the country. In our investigation, we have found microalgae mainly from groups Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Desmidiaceae which can be identified as indicator species in biomonitoring purpose.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9345Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 2(1): 45-49
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Igiri, Bernard E., Stanley I. R. Okoduwa, Grace O. Idoko, Ebere P. Akabuogu, Abraham O. Adeyi, and Ibe K. Ejiogu. "Toxicity and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Ecosystem from Tannery Wastewater: A Review." Journal of Toxicology 2018 (September 27, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2568038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The discharge of untreated tannery wastewater containing biotoxic substances of heavy metals in the ecosystem is one of the most important environmental and health challenges in our society. Hence, there is a growing need for the development of novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach for the remediation of inorganic metals (Cr, Hg, Cd, and Pb) released into the environment and to safeguard the ecosystem. In this regard, recent advances in microbes-base heavy metal have propelled bioremediation as a prospective alternative to conventional techniques. Heavy metals are nonbiodegradable and could be toxic to microbes. Several microorganisms have evolved to develop detoxification mechanisms to counter the toxic effects of these inorganic metals. This present review offers a critical evaluation of bioremediation capacity of microorganisms, especially in the context of environmental protection. Furthermore, this article discussed the biosorption capacity with respect to the use of bacteria, fungi, biofilm, algae, genetically engineered microbes, and immobilized microbial cell for the removal of heavy metals. The use of biofilm has showed synergetic effects with many fold increase in the removal of heavy metals as sustainable environmental technology in the near future.
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Sastre de Vicente, Manuel Esteban, Roberto Herrero, Pablo Lodeiro, and Bruno Cordero. "Biosorption of Cadmium by Fucus spiralis." Environmental Chemistry 1, no. 3 (2004): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental Context. Conventional processes for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters generally involves chemical precipitation of metals (changing the pH) followed by a period to allow the metal precipitates to settle and be separated. These processes are inefficient when the metals are at a low concentration and still demand handling and disposal of toxic metal sludges. An alternative method for heavy metal removal is adsorption onto a biological material, biosorption. The biological materials, including agricultural byproducts, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae, all which take up heavy metals in substantial quantities, are relatively inexpensive, widely available, and from renewable sources. However, biological materials are complex and the active mechanisms often unclear. Abstract. Cadmium biosorption properties of nonliving, dried brown marine macroalga Fucus spiralis from Galician coast (northwest Spain) have been investigated. The biosorption capacity of the alga strongly depends on solution pH; the uptake is almost negligible at pH ≤ 2 and reaches a plateau at around pH 4.0. Cadmium biosorption kinetics by F. spiralis is relatively fast, with 90% of total adsorption taking place in less than one hour. A pseudo second order mechanism has been proved to be able to predict the kinetic behaviour of the biosorption process. The effect of initial cadmium ion concentration, alga dose, solution pH, and temperature on the biosorption kinetics has been studied. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir–Freundlich, and Tóth isotherms were used to fit the experimental data and to find out the adsorption parameters. Acid–base properties of the alga have been studied potentiometrically in order to calculate the number of acidic groups and the apparent pK value by using Katchalsky model. The pK obtained is comparable with typical values associated to the ionization of carboxyl groups of alginates, supporting the implication of these groups in the biosorption process.
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Pirkwieser, Philip, José A. López-López, Michael Schagerl, Wolfgang Kandioller, Bernhard K. Keppler, Carlos Moreno, and Franz Jirsa. "Heavy Metal Extraction under Environmentally Relevant Conditions Using 3-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoate- Based Ionic Liquids: Extraction Capabilities vs. Acute Algal Toxicity." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 3157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093157.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated the applicability of three task-specific ionic liquids (ILs) as heavy metal extracting agents by contrasting extraction capabilities with algal toxicity. The compounds tested were trihexyltetradecylphosphonium-, methyltrioctylphosphonium- and methyltrioctylammonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoates. Experiments were performed to assess if these ILs can provide environmentally safe residual concentrations of the target metals after extraction. Both pure water and natural mineral water samples were spiked with 20 µg L−1 of Cu, Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb, respectively. Quantitative extraction (> 99%) of Hg and Ag was achieved. Cu and Hg were below the respective no-observed-effect-concentrations (NOECs) after extraction and Ag below 0.03 µg L−1. Acute toxicity assays were conducted using two freshwater green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata and Tetradesmus obliquus. Growth inhibition and maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II after 72 h were assessed. ILs were less toxic than similar compounds, but still must be classified as acute toxicants for algae. An inhibiting effect on both growth and chlorophyll fluorescence was observed. The leaching of the ILs into the samples remains a limitation regarding their environmental-friendly applicability. Nonetheless, the extremely efficient removal of Cu, Ag and Hg under environmentally relevant conditions calls for further research, which should focus on the immobilization of the ILs.
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Giri, Tapas, Umesh Goutam, Aditi Arya, and Shristy Gautam. "Effect of Nutrients on Diatom Growth: A Review." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 2 (January 3, 2022): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.1752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diatoms are one of the unicellular algae with a rare presence of unaltered, durable, transparent and species-specific silica frustules that persist even after cell death in the deposits of water bodies. Diatom has high capacity for absorption of metals for maintaining the water quality and high rate of multiplication. These characters promoted the use of this microbial biomass for effluent detoxification. These diatoms can also solve metal toxicity problems in aquatic ecosystems in the water polluted environment. In the present review, the focus is on several nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and silica) that are essential for the growth of diatoms at very low concentrations, but most of them are toxic at high concentrations. It also shows the relationship between heavy metal stress and lipid body induction which may be a valuable indicator for the evaluation of heavy metal contamination of fluvial ecosystems.
HIGHLIGHTS
Diatoms are eukaryotic, unicellular, photosynthetic, silica-containing microscopic algae with distinct geometric forms
Diatoms are used for biomonitoring purposes for taxonomic and morphological properties of ecosystems, community and human disturbances
Diatoms are also the primary producer of oil in the world responsible for fixing 25 % of CO2 and 30 % of crude oil diatoms
Many diatoms are appropriate for lipid development up to 70 % of their body volume and are investigated for biofuel as a hotspot
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Zhang, Tingting, Mei Shi, Hao Yan, and Cheng Li. "Effects of Salicylic Acid on Heavy Metal Resistance in Eukaryotic Algae and Its Mechanisms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 13415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013415.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heavy metal pollution and water eutrophication are still the main issues to be solved in the environmental field. To find a biological control method for Cd2+-contaminated water or combined eutrophication and Cd2+ pollution water, the effects of salicylic acid on heavy metal Cd2+ resistance in eukaryotic algae Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa and its mechanisms were studied. The results showed that the inhibition rates of 3.0 mg/L Cd2+ stress group at 96 h were 67.0% on S. obliquus and 61.4% on C. pyrenoidosa and their uptake of Cd2+ was 0.31 mg/g and 0.35 mg/g, respectively. When adding the different concentrations of salicylic acid while stressed by 3.0 mg/L Cd2+, the hormesis phenomenon of low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition could be seen, and the inhibition rates of 30 mg/L~90 mg/L salicylic acid addition groups were significantly lower than those of the Cd2+ stress group alone, which were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and the absorption of Cd2+ was dramatically improved. Except for the 120 mg/L salicylic acid addition group, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and YII), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities of all the other concentration groups were significantly higher than those of the Cd2+ stress group alone, p < 0.05.; the algal cell morphology in low concentration groups (30 mg/L and 60 mg/L) was also less damaged than those in the Cd2+ stress group alone. These indicate that the low concentrations of salicylic acid can counteract or protect the algal cells from Cd2+ attack, the mechanisms, on the one hand, might be related to the chelation of heavy metals by salicylic acid, resulting in the decrease of the toxicity of Cd2+; on the other hand, low concentrations of salicylic acid can stimulate the growth of these two algae, improve their photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant capacity, as well as maintain the relative integrity of algal morphological structure.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Toxicity effects of some heavy metals on the growth of alga Scenedesmus dimorphus." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 2 (June 5, 2011): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.2.234-242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The toxicity effect of some heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc) on the growth of alga Scenedesmus dimorphus which belongs to the Division of Chlorophyta was studied and depended on the total cell number . The growth rate and doubling time were also calculated accordingly in present of absent of the the heavy metals . There were differences in toxic effects of the metals (p
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Stravinskene, E. S., and Yu S. Grigor’ev. "The modifying effect of natural waters on the toxicity of heavy metals for algae Chlorella vulgaris." Water Resources 39, no. 3 (May 2012): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0097807812030104.
Повний текст джерела
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Isam, Mubeen, Lavania Baloo, Nasiman Sapari, Idayu Nordin, Saba Yavari, and Wesam Al-Madhoun. "Removal of Lead using Activated Carbon Derived from Red Algae (Gracilaria Changii)." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820303006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Red algae-derived activated carbon was evaluated for its ability to remove lead (Pb) from synthetic aqueous solution. The activated carbon was prepared at a constant temperature of 300°C for 1 hour using a muffle furnace. Effect of pH contact time, initial ions concentration, and activated carbon dosage as important operating variables on the reaction process were also investigated. The batch experiment was conducted for adsorption experiment. The maximum lead uptake capacity was obtained at pH 6 and operation time of 30 min. the maximum uptake capacity of Pb (II) was found to be 0.1 mg/g. This work confirms the potential use of red algae Gracilaria changii for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.
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Expósito, Nora, Roberta Carafa, Vikas Kumar, Jordi Sierra, Marta Schuhmacher, and Gemma Giménez Papiol. "Performance of Chlorella Vulgaris Exposed to Heavy Metal Mixtures: Linking Measured Endpoints and Mechanisms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microalgae growth inhibition assays are candidates for referent ecotoxicology as a fundamental part of the strategy to reduce the use of fish and other animal models in aquatic toxicology. In the present work, the performance of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to heavy metals following standardized growth and photosynthesis inhibition assays was assessed in two different scenarios: (1) dilutions of single heavy metals and (2) an artificial mixture of heavy metals at similar levels as those found in natural rivers. Chemical speciation of heavy metals was estimated with Visual MINTEQ software; free heavy metal ion concentrations were used as input data, together with microalgae growth and photosynthesis inhibition, to compare different effects and explain possible toxicity mechanisms. The final goal was to assess the suitability of the ecotoxicological test based on the growth and photosynthesis inhibition of microalgae cultures, supported by mathematic models for regulatory and decision-making purposes. The C. vulgaris algae growth inhibition test was more sensitive for As, Zn, and Pb exposure whereas the photosynthesis inhibition test was more sensitive for Cu and Ni exposure. The effects on growth and photosynthesis were not related. C. vulgaris evidenced the formation of mucilaginous aggregations at lower copper concentrations. We found that the toxicity of a given heavy metal is not only determined by its chemical speciation; other chemical compounds (as nutrient loads) and biological interactions play an important role in the final toxicity. Predictive mixture effect models tend to overestimate the effects of metal mixtures in C. vulgaris for both growth and photosynthesis inhibition tests. Growth and photosynthesis inhibition tests give complementary information, and both are a fast, cheap, and sensitive alternative to animal testing. More research is needed to solve the challenge of complex pollutant mixtures as they are present in natural environments, where microalgae-based assays can be suitable monitoring tools for pollution management and regulatory purposes.
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Oyewole, Oluwafemi Adebayo, Binta Buba Adamu, Emmanuel Olalekan Oladoja, Adeoluwa Nancy Balogun, Banke Mary Okunlola, and Esther Eguye Odiniya. "A review on heavy metals biosorption in the environment." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 10 (2018): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.051003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl) and lead (Pb). Little amounts of some heavy metals are needed by living organisms, however excessive levels of these metals can be harmful to the organisms due to their level of toxicity and accumulation behaviour. Different methods such as electrodeposition, electrocoagulation and nanofiltration system have been used to decontaminate the environment from adverse effect of these pollutants yet most of the methods used are ineffective. Biosorption is the removal of organic and inorganic substances from solution by biological material. Cheap biosorbents for the removal of metals are bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, industrial wastes and agricultural wastes. There are many mechanisms involved in biosorption some of which are not fully understood, examples are precipitation, ion exchange, complexation and adsorption. The efficiency of biosorption depends on many factors such as, temperature, characteristics of the biomass, pH, surface area to volume ratio, metal affinity to the biosorbent, concentration and characteristics of the biomass. Compared to other methods biosorption is operated over a wide range of physiochemical conditions and it uses naturally rich renewable biomaterials that can be cheaply produced. However, the potential for biological process improvement (for example through genetic engineering of cells) is restricted because cells are not metabolizing. Biosorption is in its developmental stages and further improvement in both performance and costs can be expected in future.
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Jacobsen, B. N., and T. Guildal. "Novel aspects for management of xenobiotic compounds in wastewater treatment plants – linking theory, field studies, regulation, engineering, and experience." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 7-8 (October 1, 2000): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0584.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Management aspects for control of environmental contaminants has widened from being focussed on heavy metals to a broader approach including specific organic compounds, inhibition of sensitive bacteria or algae, and newly identified environmental issues, e.g., endocrine disruption and antibiotic resistance. Studies conducted at the Avedøre WWTP confirm the relevance of such newly discovered environmental problems, however, the order of magnitude of the effects do not seem alarming. It is recommended in future research to establish links between occurrence of specific organic compounds and heavy metals to various measures of toxicity and bioaccumulation. Also data for specific biodegradation rates in WWTPs represent a bottleneck for simulating fate of specific organic compounds in the plants.
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Zhen, Shucong, Niegui Li, Shuai Gu, and Xiao Tan. "The effect of ultrasonic algae inhibition on the concentration and state changes of heavy metals in sediments." ScienceAsia 43, no. 4 (2017): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2017.43.244.
Повний текст джерела
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Olding, Daniel D. "Algal Communities as a Biological Indicator of Stormwater Management Pond Performance and Function." Water Quality Research Journal 35, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2000.029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract An investigation into phytoplankton and periphyton algal communities of two recently constructed Stormwater management ponds suggests that Stormwater impacts on biological communities are reduced during passage through the ponds, providing a degree of protection for biological communities in their receiving waters. In both ponds, disturbance effects from the incoming Stormwater on algal community richness and evenness appear to be greatest in the sediment forebay and are reduced in the main pond. However, the nature of the disturbance in the two systems can be seen to be fundamentally different from a biological perspective, with Rouge Pond functioning primarily to reduce toxins harmful to algal communities (e.g., heavy metals), and Harding Pond acting to reduce nutrients. The taxonomic composition of the two sites provides an indication of the quality of the incoming Stormwater. Rouge Pond, which contains many marine and brackish water species, receives Stormwater runoff from a major highway, while Harding Pond, containing more nutrient rich species, receives Stormwater primarily from residential properties. Despite the nutrient-rich conditions present in both ponds, nuisance blue-green algae (cyanobacte-ria) are conspicuously absent, and the ponds appear to have little potential for developing harmful algal blooms. The lack of blue-green algae can be linked to the hydraulic functioning of the ponds, suggesting that Stormwater facilities may be engineered to inhibit undesirable algal communities.
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Perrein-Ettajani, H., J. C. Amiard, J. Haure, and C. Renaud. "Effets des métaux (Ag, Cd, Cu) sur la composition biochimique et compartimentation de ces métaux chez deux microalgues Skeletonema costatum et Tetraselmis suecica." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 1757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effects at sublethal silver, cadmium, and copper concentrations on growth and biochemical composition of two marine microalgae Tetraselmis suecica and Skeletonema costatum revealed that growth is by far the most sensitive factor, whereas cellular content of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and pigments are not significantly affected. This suggests that the first target of these metals is cell division and processes related to it. Heavy metal concentrations in algal cells were lower in S. costatum than in T. suecica, and the study of metal partitioning showed that for both algal species, Cd was firmly bound onto the cell wall or had entered the cell, whereas 40% of the initially adsorbed Cu was easily released after treatment by the chelating agent. However, in both algal species, Cd and Cu were predominantly present in the insoluble fraction, and in the cytosol, thermoresistant metal-chelating polypeptids are involved. For this study, the major metal detoxification process in algae exposed to sublethal concentrations is therefore their binding to insoluble components. The strong stability of the later suggests less bioavailability and maybe a limited transfer of these metals to higher trophic levels.
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Merino, José Joaquín, José María Parmigiani-Izquierdo, Adolfo Toledano Gasca, and María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz. "The Long-Term Algae Extract (Chlorella and Fucus sp) and Aminosulphurate Supplementation Modulate SOD-1 Activity and Decrease Heavy Metals (Hg++, Sn) Levels in Patients with Long-Term Dental Titanium Implants and Amalgam Fillings Restorations." Antioxidants 8, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8040101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The toxicity of heavy metals such as Hg++ is a serious risk for human health. We evaluated whether 90 days of nutritional supplementation (d90, n = 16) with Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Fucus sp extracts in conjunction with aminosulphurate (nutraceuticals) supplementation could detox heavy metal levels in patients with long-term titanium dental implants (average: three, average: 12 years in mouth) and/or amalgam fillings (average: four, average: 15 years) compared to baseline levels (d0: before any supplementation, n = 16) and untreated controls (without dental materials) of similar age (control, n = 21). In this study, we compared levels of several heavy metals/oligoelements in these patients after 90 days (n = 16) of nutritional supplementation with CV and aminozuphrates extract with their own baseline levels (d0, n = 16) and untreated controls (n = 21); 16 patients averaging 44 age years old with long-term dental amalgams and titanium implants for at least 10 years (average: 12 years) were recruited, as well as 21 non-supplemented controls (without dental materials) of similar age. The following heavy metals were quantified in hair samples as index of chronic heavy metal exposure before and after 90 days supplementation using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and expressed as μg/g of hair (Al, Hg++, Ba, Ag, Sb, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Pb, Pt, Tl, Th, U, Ni, Sn, and Ti). We also measured several oligoelements (Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, Cu++, Zn++, Mn++, Cr, V, Mo, B, I, P, Se, Sr, P, Co, Fe++, Ge, Rb, and Zr). The algae and nutraceutical supplementation during 90 consecutive days decreased Hg++, Ag, Sn, and Pb at 90 days as compared to baseline levels. The mercury levels at 90 days decreased as compared with the untreated controls. The supplementation contributed to reducing heavy metal levels. There were increased lithium (Li) and germanium (Ge) levels after supplementation in patients with long-term dental titanium implants and amalgams. They also (d90) increased manganesum (Mn++), phosphorum (P), and iron (Fe++) levels as compared with their own basal levels (d0) and the untreated controls. Finally, decreased SuperOxide Dismutase-1 (SOD-1) activity (saliva) was observed after 90 days of supplementation as compared with basal levels (before any supplementation, d0), suggesting antioxidant effects. Conversely, we detected increased SOD-1 activity after 90 days as compared with untreated controls. This SOD-1 regulation could induce antioxidant effects in these patients. The long-term treatment with algae extract and aminosulphurates for 90 consecutive days decreased certain heavy metal levels (Hg++, Ag, Sn, Pb, and U) as compared with basal levels. However, Hg++ and Sn reductions were observed after 90 days as compared with untreated controls (without dental materials). The dental amalgam restoration using activated nasal filters in conjunction with long-term nutritional supplementation enhanced heavy metals removal. Finally, the long-term supplementation with these algae and aminoazuphrates was safe and non-toxic in patients. These supplements prevented certain deficits in oligoelements without affecting their Na+/K+ ratios after long-term nutraceutical supplementation.
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Lamohamad, Oscar M., Kurniati Kemer, Desy M. H. Mantiri, Ester Angkow, James Paulus, and Adnan S. Wantasen. "Ekstraksi Pigmen Klorofil Total Pada Mikroalga Dunaliella sp. Yang Telah diberi Perlakuan Timbal Asetat." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 9, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.9.1.2021.33074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heavy metals such as lead are compounds that can cause toxic effects if they enter the body of living things. Dunaliella sp. is one of the marine organisms that is susceptible to changes or ecological pressure so that it is the main target of being exposed to pollutants such as heavy metals and so on, so it is necessary to conduct research to determine how the effect of lead acetate compounds on the growth and total chlorophyll content of Dunaliella micro algae. sp. The results of this study indicate that the growth of Dunaliella sp microalgae on the control culture media and the lead treatment media has a very different growth, the control media has normal growth, while the total chlorophyll content of the 14th day in the control media is 80.49 µg / ml. 30 ppm 54.79 µg / ml, 50 ppm 50.02 µg / ml and 100 ppm 9.13 µg / ml. While the total chlorophyll content of the 30th day in the control media was 34.99 µg / ml, 30 ppm 44.657 µg / ml, 50 ppm 26.136 µg / ml and 100 ppm 5.58 µg / ml.Keywords : Microalga, Dunaliella sp, kcorophyll, lead ecetate
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Pedersen, Finn, Estelle Bjørnestad, Helle Vang Andersen, Jesper Kjølholt, and Christian Poll. "Characterization of sediments from Copenhagen Harbour by use of biotests." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 6-7 (March 1, 1998): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The potential environmental hazard of sediment samples from Copenhagen Harbour was investigated by a combination of chemical analyses and biological tests. The chemical analyses comprised determination of the content of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls, and the biological tests comprised whole sediment bioassays with the amphipod Corophium volutator, testing of a sediment suspension with the Microtox Solid Phase test, and testing of sediment pore water by the copepod Acartia tonsa and the alga Skeletonema costatum. For all sediment samples, the concentrations of contaminants exceeded the Probable Effect Levels and toxic effects should therefore be expected. However, various degrees of toxicity were determined by the biotests with the Microtox Solid Phase test system being the most sensitive, the amphipod and the copepod being intermediately sensitive, and no toxicity of the pore water was registered to the algae. Moreover, no direct correlation between the content of the contaminants in the sediment samples and the registered toxicity could be established. It is therefore concluded that the combination of biotesting and chemical analysis is a valuable tool for evaluating the environmental risks of sediments.
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Al-Khaldi, Wejdan Ahmed, Lafi Al Solami, and Sathianeson Satheesh. "Effects of copper and cadmium on physiology and antifouling defense of the marine macroalga Ulva reticulata." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Heavy metals are major stressors for benthic macroalgal communities in marine ecosystems. In this study, the effects of copper and cadmium on some physiological parameters along with antifouling defense of the marine macroalga Ulva reticulata were assessed under laboratory conditions. Macroalgal samples were treated with three concentrations (1 mg l−1, 3 mg l−1 and 5 mg l−1) of copper and cadmium for 2 and 7 days. After treatment, algal samples were analyzed for chlorophyll-a, carotenoid, total polyphenol and total antioxidant capacity. Also, algal extracts were tested against biofilm-forming bacteria strains to understand differences in antifouling activity. The results indicated that exposure of U. reticulata to copper and cadmium, on the one hand, induced protective mechanisms such as total phenol production and antioxidant capacity against metal stress and, on the other hand, reduced photosynthesis. While the extract obtained from control algal samples showed a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of biofilm-forming bacteria, treatment with heavy metals resulted in reduced antibiofilm activity. In general, the results revealed that exposure of macroalgae to heavy metals can affect antifouling defense traits in addition to changes in photosynthetic pigment content.
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Čule, Nevena, Aleksandar Lučić, Dragana Dražić, Vladan Popović, Milorad Veselinović, Ljiljana Brašanac-Bosanac, and Suzana Mitrović. "Construction of floating treatment wetlands for remediation of polluted waters." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 75-76 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor1775001q.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water regulation, integral water management and water conservation are one of the main tasks, set by an ecologically conscious society. A series of complex treatments are set in order to achieve the main goal in wastewater treatment, i.e. eliminating or reducing pollutants to a level that will not cause adverse effects to humans and the environment. The paper presents the construction of an efficient, environmentally friendly and economically justified biological system for the treatment of polluted urban waters. Research has shown that the proposed system with floating islands and algae was effective in removing various categories of pollutants from polluted river (organic and inorganic matter, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms), which indicated that the selected type of construction was appropriate. It was concluded that minor modifications in terms of cell coverage by floating islands could provide even greater removal of certain pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals.
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Ambariyanto, Ambariyanto, and Alferd Y. Ko'ou. "Are Zooxanthellae Really Sensitive? Response of Zooxanthellae Size Exposed to Several Pollutants." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 22, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.22.4.213-218.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pollution is one of the important issues faced by marine resources including zooxanthellae, which is known to be very sensitive to environmental changes. Some pollutants have been reported to have adverse effects on zooxanthellae, however, their sensitivity in regards to changes on cell size of these algae has not been widely explored. This study examined the effects of pollutants on the sensitivity of zooxanthellae through changes in size. Zooxanthellae were isolated from corals Porites lutea, Acropora aspera, and Montipora digitata collected from Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia. These algae were exposed to pollutants i.e. heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb) and nutrients (ammonium and phosphate) at concentrations of 5,10,15 ppb and 5,10,15 μM, respectively. Zooxanthellae size were measured five hours after pollutants exposure. The results showed that all treatments reduced the size of zooxanthellae. Algae isolated from P. lutea are the least affected by pollutants and the highest percentage cell size reduction was found in phosphate treatment. However, reduction on the size of algae were not statistically significant. These results indicate that in relation to reduction in the size, zooxanthellae are not sensitive to pollutants. Keywords: Zooxanthellae, pollutants, sensitivity, size reduction
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Ambariyanto, Ambariyanto, Diah Permata Wijayanti, Munasik Munasik, Puji Eka Purnama, Mu’alimah Hudatwi, Ni Made Ernawati, and Alferd Y. Ko'ou. "Are Zooxanthellae Really Sensitive? Response of Zooxanthellae Size Exposed to Several Pollutants." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 23, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.23.1.19-24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pollution is one of the important issues faced by marine resources including zooxanthellae, which is known to be very sensitive to environmental changes. Some pollutants have been reported to have adverse effects on zooxanthellae, however, their sensitivity in regards to changes on cell size of these algae has not been widely explored. This study examined the effects of pollutants on the sensitivity of zooxanthellae through changes in size. Zooxanthellae were isolated from corals Porites lutea, Acropora aspera, and Montipora digitata collected from Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia. These algae were exposed to pollutants i.e. heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb) and nutrients (ammonium and phosphate) at concentrations of 5,10,15 ppb and 5,10,15 μM, respectively. Zooxanthellae size were measured five hours after pollutants exposure. The results showed that all treatments reduced the size of zooxanthellae. Algae isolated from P. lutea are the least affected by pollutants and the highest percentage cell size reduction was found in phosphate treatment. However, reduction on the size of algae were not statistically significant. These results indicate that in relation to reduction in the size, zooxanthellae are not sensitive to pollutants. Keywords: Zooxanthellae, pollutants, sensitivity, size reduction
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Anvar, Seyed Amir Ali, Bahareh Nowruzi, and Ghazal Afshari. "A Review of the Application of Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Microalgae and Cyanobacteria in Medical and Veterinary Sciences." Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005309.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly method to produce nanoparticles with unique biological, physical, and chemical properties. Today, biological synthesis methods have drawn significant attention because of the drawbacks of physical and chemical synthesis, such as poisonous side effects, time and power usage, and heavy price. Among different microorganisms, cyanobacteria are suitable candidates as regenerating and stabilizing agents because of their capability to collect heavy metals from the environment and produce various bioactive compounds such as colorants and enzymes. The green synthesis of nanoparticles by cyanobacteria has captivated extensive consideration as a secure, easy, stable, economical, and environmentally friendly resolution for biomedical and veterinary applications. Meanwhile, the secondary metabolites synthesized by cyanobacteria with the ability of extracellular and extracellular metals reduction and oxidation are very noteworthy and have antibacterial, antifungal, anti-algae, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities. This study considers the properties, as well as biomedical and veterinary applications of nanoparticles generated by cyanobacteria.
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Huang, Weiwei, Weiguang Lv, Huaqiang Chu, Weiwei Lv, Wenzong Zhou, and Bingzhi Dong. "Diatomite Dynamic Membrane Fouling Behaviour during Dewatering of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Aquaculture Wastewater." Membranes 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120945.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Combined microalgal and membrane filtration could effectively treat aquaculture wastewater; however, the membrane fouling induced by extracellular organic matter (EOM) during the dewatering process is an issue. This study investigated diatomite dynamic membrane (DDM) fouling behaviour during the dewatering of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under the influence of copper ions. The results indicate that copper ion heavy metals in aquaculture wastewater significantly affected purification and algae dewatering by DDM. Aquaculture wastewater with a high copper concentration (1 and 0.5 mg/L) could induce serious DDM fluxes and cake layer filtration resistance (Rc), whereas fewer filtration fluxes were induced when aquaculture wastewater had a low copper concentration, particularly that of 0.1 mg/L, at which the Rc was lowest and the concentration effect was highest. Macromolecular organics of EOM, such as biopolymers, polysaccharides, and proteins, were responsible for DDM fouling and accumulated mostly in the slime layer, whereas only a small amount of them accumulated in the diatomite layer. The DDM rejected more protein-like organics of EOM in the slime layer when dewatering algae at low copper concentrations (<0.1 mg/L); however, when using the DDM to dewater algae at high copper concentrations, more polysaccharides of EOM were rejected (0.5 < Cu2+ < 5 mg/L). This result has significant ramifications for aquaculture wastewater treatment as well as algae separation and concentration by the DDM.
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Urmitova, Nazia, and Aida Nizamova. "Use of higher aquatic vegetation for post-treatment of wastewater." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127408005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the features of cascade phyto-treatment facilities, bio plateau with an open water mirror. Such structures are similar to natural wetland objects. The plant species on the cascades and their effect in the post-treatment of wastewater are considered. Natural biological treatment of wastewater with algae roots is one of the most effective methods of treatment. This method allows you to clean polluted wastewater without harming the environment. Aquatic plants intensify the purification process, remove biogenic elements, actively using them in their nutrition, remove heavy metals and organic substances from the water and accumulate in the root system, which are difficult to decompose and thus improve the process of self-purification of reservoirs. The article pays great attention to the project «The Resilient Ribbon: A Timeless Legend of Kazan». The essence of the project is the natural self-purification of the city lake Nizhny Kaban in Kazan, where the root system of plants is used to purify water from mixtures, phenols and phosphates, heavy metals and a number of other harmful substances. The results of laboratory studies of water quality after treatment at cascade phyto-treatment facilities are presented.
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RICHES, CHRISTIAN J., PETER K. ROBINSON, and CAROLE E. ROLPH. "Effect of heavy metals on lipids from the freshwater alga Selenastrum capricornutum." Biochemical Society Transactions 24, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 174S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst024174s.
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Nguyen, Bach Van, Xiaojing Yang, Shota Hirayama, Jixiang Wang, Ziwen Zhao, Zhongfang Lei, Kazuya Shimizu, Zhenya Zhang, and Sinh Xuan Le. "Effect of Salinity on Cr(VI) Bioremediation by Algal-Bacterial Aerobic Granular Sludge Treating Synthetic Wastewater." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heavy metal-containing wastewater with high salinity challenges wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) where the conventional activated sludge process is widely applied. Bioremediation has been proven to be an effective, economical, and eco-friendly technique to remove heavy metals from various wastewaters. The newly developed algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has emerged as a promising biosorbent for treating wastewater containing heavy metals, especially Cr(VI). In this study, two identical cylindrical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), i.e., R1 (Control) and R2 (with 1% additional salinity), were used to cultivate algal-bacterial AGS and then to evaluate the effect of salinity on the performance of the two SBRs. The results reflected that less filamentation and a rougher surface could be observed on algal-bacterial AGS when exposed to 1% salinity, which showed little influence on organics removal. However, the removals of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and total phosphorus (TP) were noticeably impacted at the 1% salinity condition, and were further decreased with the co-existence of 2 mg/L Cr(VI). The Cr(VI) removal efficiency, on the other hand, was 31–51% by R1 and 28–48% by R2, respectively, indicating that salinity exposure may slightly influence Cr(VI) bioremediation. In addition, salinity exposure stimulated more polysaccharides excretion from algal-bacterial AGS while Cr(VI) exposure promoted proteins excretion.
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Kondzior, Paweł, and Andrzej Butarewicz. "EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS (Cu AND Zn) ON THE CONTENT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN THE CELLS OF ALGAE CHLORELLA VULGARIS." Journal of Ecological Engineering 19, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/85375.
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Zhyvitskaya, Alena P., Aliaksei G. Sysa, Igor E. Butchenkov, and Evgenii K. Vlasenko. "Characteristics of variability of morpho-physiological parameters of lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) under heavy metals cultivation." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology., no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/2521-683x/2022-3-26-32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It was shown scientifically substantiated the use of the lesser duckweed (Lemna minor L.) as a test object for environmental monitoring purposes when contaminated with copper (II), iron (II), lead and zinc cations. The influence of metal cations in the concentration range from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/l on the specific growth rate and dynamics of changes in the total area of leaf blades (fronds) of freshwater duckweed plants has been studied. It was shown that in the concentration range of Cu2+ and Fe2+ cations of 0.1-0.25 mg/ml, the growth rate of duckweed did not differ from control plants, while zinc and lead cations had a 17.3 % and 30 % inhibitory effect, respectively. Analysis of the curves of changes in the specific rate of algae growth in the concentration range of 0.5-2.5 mg/l showed that the effectiveness of the inhibitory effect on the growth of duckweed decreased in the series Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Fe2+ > Cu2+, which was also confirmed by data on the dynamics of the decrease in the average frond areas before and 7 days after cultivation. The results of the work show that the small duckweed (Lemna minor) can be used in bioindication measures regarding the content of elements of the group of heavy metals (copper (II), iron (II), lead and zinc) in water bodies.
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Perkov, Sergey, Anatoly Trigub, Mariya Medyankina, Tatyana Khairulina, and Elena Popova. "Impact of strontium concentration in water on phytoplankton and zooplankton." Fisheries 2022, no. 4 (August 10, 2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2022-4-15-19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the results of experimental studies to assess the impact of heavy metals on the functioning of phyto- and zooplankton (Scenedesmus quadricaud, Daphnia magna). Determination of inactive and threshold concentration of strontium, toxicity parameters and the degree of acute toxicity has been carried out. As a result of the studies the data on the effect of strontium on hydrobionts of different trophic links were obtained. For zooplankton in terms of survival rate the maximum allowable concentration of strontium was 4 mg/l, in terms of fecundity - 2 mg/l in terms of fecundity. According to the indicator of single-celled algae Sc. quadricauda viability (cell number) in the chronic experiment the maximum allowable concentration of strontium is 2 mg/l.
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Ameen, Mahy M., Abdelraouf A. Moustafa, Jelan Mofeed, Mustapha Hasnaoui, Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju, Umberto Lazzaro, and Giulia Guerriero. "Factors Affecting Efficiency of Biosorption of Fe (III) and Zn (II) by Ulva lactuca and Corallina officinalis and Their Activated Carbons." Water 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 3421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The removal of heavy metals from industrial waste has become crucial in order to maintain water quality levels that are suitable for environmental and species reproductive health. The biosorption of Zn+2 and Fe+3 ions from aqueous solution was investigated using Ulva lactuca green algal biomass and Corallina officinalis red algal biomass, as well as their activated carbons. The effects of biosorbent dosage, pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, and temperature on biosorption were evaluated. The maximum monolayer capacity of Ulva lactuca and Corallina officinalis dry algal powder and algal activated carbon was reached at pH 5 and 3 for Zn+2 and Fe+3, respectively, while the other factors were similar for both algae, which were: contact time 120 min, adsorbent dose 1 g, temperature 40 °C and initial concentrations of metal ion 50 mg·L−1. The batch experimental data can be modelled using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Thermodynamic characteristics revealed that the adsorption process occurs naturally and is endothermic and spontaneous. For the adsorption of Zn+2 and Fe+3 ions, the value of G° was found to be negative, confirming the practicality of the spontaneous adsorption process, which could be helpful for remediation in the era of temperature increases.
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Borsali, S., A. Baaloudj, and A. Kerfouf. "Biochemical study of Ulva lactuca and Cystoseira stricta from Mostaganem coastline (Western Algeria)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our research includes biochemical study, evaluation of anti-oxidant activities and heavy metals contamination in Ulva lactuca and Cystoseira stricta collected at the site of Sidi El Adjel (Mostaganem). We registered a total phenol content in Ulva lactuca and Cystoseira stricta were 0.383 5.43 mg EAG/g MS respectively. The polyphenols contamination caused the significant antioxidant effects on DPPH. The yield of crude extract for petroleum ether were 2 and 8.8% in Ulva lactuca sp and Cystoceira stricta, whereas it were 7.9 and 2.07% for the methanol respectively. We noted the ability of studied algae extracts to reduce the DDPH. A low total lipid content was 4 and 5.5% in Cystoseira stricta and Ulva lactuca respectively, whereas the appreciable crude protein contents wad 21 and 30.6%. Chemical analyzes of our algae reveal levels estimated at 22% in Ulva lactuca sp, and 19.4% in Cystoseira stricta. We estimated high zinc concentrations, which were 187.59 and 298.64 ppm. PS in Cystoseira stricta and Ulva lactuca respectively.
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Sharov, Andrey N. "Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors." Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), no. 1(25) (2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/10.33624/2311-0147-2021-1(21)-42-49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.
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Sharov, Andrey N. "Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors." Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), no. 1(25) (2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/10.33624/2311-0147-2021-1(25)-42-49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.