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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 3 березня 2023

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1

Zimmerman, Jeffrey D., and Barbara R. Zeller. "Imaginal, Sensory, and Cognitive Experience in Spontaneous Recovery from Alcoholism." Psychological Reports 71, no. 3 (December 1992): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3.691.

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Although alcoholism is often regarded as an intractable disorder that requires intensive treatment, studies of the natural history of alcoholism indicate that unaided, spontaneous recovery may be the most common pathway to remission from alcoholism. Negative environmental consequences of alcoholic drinking have been invoked to explain spontaneous recovery, but a more compelling reason for sudden changes in drinking behavior concerns shifts in the personal meanings surrounding alcohol use. Extensive interviews in a multimodal format were conducted with two groups of alcoholics: one group comprised of 7 subjects who spontaneously recovered without treatment and the other group comprised of 9 people who believed formal treatment was necessary to abstain from drinking. Spontaneously recovered alcoholics reported experiencing vivid sensations and images at the time they decided to quit drinking, and they reported subsequent transformations of their personal identities. Active alcoholics reported no comparable experiences in imaginal, sensory, and cognitive modalities. Implications of the results for current alcoholism treatments are discussed.

2

Bennett, Nathan, and Linda S. Kelley. "Assessing the Acceptance of the Disease Concept of Alcoholism among Eap Practitioners." Journal of Drug Issues 17, no. 3 (July 1987): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700305.

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In the past 20 years special interest groups have increased efforts to de-stigmatize alcoholism through improving the image of the alcoholic and medicalizing alcoholism. Among specific initiatives is the effort to implement work-based employee assistance programs (EAPs) to identify alcoholic employees through job performance decrements and guide them to appropriate treatment resources. In this analysis, two issues are examined. First, we measure the degree to which the disease model of alcoholism is accepted among those working with alcoholics in job-based programs, those variously charged with administering EAPs. Second, we measure attitudes toward the employment of recovering alcoholics in the EAP field. Results indicate that recovery from alcoholism, the role of “co-alcoholic,” and the occupational setting of the EAP administrator each affect the attitudes regarding the disease concept of alcoholism and the appropriateness of recovering alcoholics working in the EAP field.

3

El-Guebaly, Nady, Douglas Staley, Alison Leckie, and Stuart Koensgen. "Adult Children of Alcoholics in Treatment Programs for Anxiety Disorders and Substance Abuse*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 8 (October 1992): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700804.

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Studies of the first-degree relatives of patients with alcoholism and anxiety disorders have identified a significant overlap of these disorders. Forty percent of the patients in an outpatient anxiety disorder program were adult children of alcoholics (ACOA), a proportion similar to that found in the substance abuse program. The ACOAs in both programs were younger, had higher co-dependency scores and were younger when they had their first psychiatric contact than the controls. The adult children of alcoholics who had anxiety disorders were more likely to be female and their alcoholic parents were less likely to have had psychiatric antecedents to alcoholism. Aside from substance abuse, similarities in socio-demographic variables and the impact of the parents' alcoholism were noted, reinforcing the hypothesis that vulnerabilities to anxiety disorders and alcoholism overlap.

4

Mackenzie, Alisdair, and Richard P. Allen. "Alcoholics' Evaluations of Alcoholism Treatment." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 21, no. 2 (July 10, 2003): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v21n02_01.

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5

Baldwin, Jeffrey N., and Kathleen A. Kriegler. "Alcoholism Treatment: A Model of Abstinence-Oriented Care." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 4, no. 6 (December 1991): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009100400603.

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Alcohol is the United States' foremost drug of abuse. Although a significant portion of the population continues to identify alcoholism with moral weakness, society embraces treatment as the primary mode of dealing with this disease. Treatment stressing ongoing abstinence from alcohol is the most universally accepted method of therapy. Following initial intervention and referral, treatment of the alcoholic includes detoxification; intensive early treatment, using either outpatient or inpatient treatment settings; and long-term support for recovery. Aftercare programs often require continuing attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, recovery support groups, and psychotherapy. In addition, recovering individuals may receive continued health care supervision from a physician knowledgeable about alcoholism. Family therapy is stressed as a component of recovery.

6

Vaillant, George E. "Alcoholics Anonymous: Cult or Cure?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 6 (June 2005): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01600.x.

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Objective: To discuss the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the safety of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in the treatment of alcoholism. Method: The published works on effective treatments for alcoholism is briefly reviewed and a prospective multidisciplinar y follow-up of recovery from alcoholism in two community cohorts of adolescent males followed from 1940 until the present day is reviewed. Conclusions: The suggested mechanism of action of AA is that it employs four factors widely shown to be effective in relapse prevention in addictions: external supervision, substitute dependency, new caring relationships and increased spirituality. In addition, AA serendipitously follows the principles of cognitive behaviour therapy in relapse prevention. Alcoholics Anonymous appears equal to or superior to conventional treatments for alcoholism, and the skepticism of some professionals regarding AA as a first rank treatment for alcoholism would appear to be unwarranted. Alcoholics Anonymous is probably without serious side-effects.

7

Fillmore, Kaye Middleton, and Dennis Kelso. "Coercion into Alcoholism Treatment: Meanings for the Disease Concept of Alcoholism." Journal of Drug Issues 17, no. 3 (July 1987): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700306.

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Selected literature is first reviewed examining the relationship between the increased use of coercion as motivation for alcoholism treatment entry and the goals of alcoholism treatment with the general conclusion reached that the increasing use of coercion is shifting the practice and ideology of alcoholism treatment. Second, criminally referred, volunteers and DWI clients in one state's publicly funded alcoholism treatment are compared on the basic precepts of the disease model of alcoholism with the general conclusion that as the operational definition of “alcoholic” has widened to include the universe of alcohol problems, there are major discrepancies between those traditionally treated for alcoholism and the newer clientele. The implications of this shift are discussed in terms of the transformation of the social function of alcoholism treatment.

8

Downs, William R., Brenda A. Miller, and Dawn M. Gondoli. "Childhood Experiences of Parental Physical Violence for Alcoholic Women as Compared with a Randomly Selected Household Sample of Women." Violence and Victims 2, no. 4 (January 1987): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.2.4.225.

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The effects of childhood experiences of parental violence on the development of alcoholism in women were examined by comparing a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups with 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from the population. Two-hour person-to-person interview schedules were administered to both samples. The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) assessed both father-to-daughter and mother-to-daughter relationships. Type of sample was regressed on each CTS subscale, controlling for presence of parental alcoholism, number of childhood changes in family structure, present age of respondent, and present income source. Alcoholic women were found to have higher father-to-daughter negative verbal interaction, moderate violence, and serious violence than household women. Father-to-daughter positive verbal interaction was found unrelated to membership in the alcoholism sample. None of the mother-to-daughter subscales were found to predict membership in the alcoholism sample.

9

Hoffmann, Norman G. "Alcoholism Treatment." Science 237, no. 4819 (September 4, 1987): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4819.1094.b.

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10

Douglas, Donald B. "Alcoholism Treatment." Science 237, no. 4819 (September 4, 1987): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4819.1094.c.

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11

Decker, James T., Kyra McCormill, Charles Lowe, and Willie Elliott. "Alcoholism Treatment." Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation 2, no. 4 (April 5, 2003): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j198v02n04_04.

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12

Merrill, Joseph M., Lila F. Laux, and John I. Thornby. "ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT." Southern Medical Journal 83, Supplement (September 1990): 2S—30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199009001-00115.

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13

HOFFMANN, N. G. "Alcoholism Treatment." Science 237, no. 4819 (September 4, 1987): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4819.1094-a.

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14

DOUGLAS, D. B. "Alcoholism Treatment." Science 237, no. 4819 (September 4, 1987): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4819.1094-b.

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15

Dragisic-Labas, Sladjana, and Gorica Djokic. "The importance of psychoeducation in systemic family therapy alcoholic treatment." Sociologija 52, no. 2 (2010): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1002197d.

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The main goal of the paper was to analyze the impact of psychoeducation in alcoholism therapy treatment on initial motivation and comprehension, change in attitudes to alcoholism, and beginning of creating a new value system. The sample consisted of 166 respondents (83 married couples) that had been involved in one-year systemic group family therapy alcoholic treatment (with the man being alcoholic). A questionnaire on knowledge about alcoholism was used. The respondents were tested three times - at the beginning of the treatment, after 6 months, and after one year. The results showed that the level of education had increased through three phases of the treatment, that motivation changed from initial to substantial, that the comprehension had also changed, turning family system into a more functional model of living. Statistically significant difference in level of education between phase 1 and phase 3 of the family therapy was confirmed. In conclusion, the authors argue for the importance of psychoeducation as a method in treating alcoholism.

16

Mukhopadhyay, J. "Medico-social profile of male alcoholics in a north Indian city." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172866.

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Background:Alcohol Dependence has been posing an unprecedented public health challenge in recent years. Alcohol related morbidity and mortality has attained new zenith that merits attention. Considering the abominable effects of alcoholism, it was decided to study the medico-social profile of male alcoholics in an urban set-up to identify the risk factors and suggest preventive measures.Methods:60 subjects reporting to a de-addiction centre at a north Indian town for treatment were studied during September 2014-February 2015. All the individuals were satisfying the criteria of alcohol dependence as per diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder. A pretested structured proforma was introduced to the consenting individuals, which included demographic details, personal and family history with details of physical and mental status examination. Data obtained was analysed and tabulated.Results:The mean age of the alcoholics seeking treatment was 37.86 years. Majority of them were married, middle school educated, employed urbanite, unskilled workers from lower middle class background. Mean ages of first alcoholic drink and first intoxication were 18.95 and 20.35 years respectively. Dependency developed at 28.60 years. Alcoholic father (65%) and brothers (31.67%) appeared tended the subjects towards alcohol. Financial stress and withdrawal problems mostly steered them to seek treatment. Epidemiological insight unveiled many risk factors like vulnerability of adolescents, male sex, nominal schooling, low socio-economic lineage, early employment, peer pressure, alcoholic father and siblings, financial stress and family discord.Conclusions:More community based studies are suggested to identify the community specific risk factors for alcoholism and recommend suitable preventive measures to abate alcoholism.

17

Costello, Raymond M. "Hispanic Alcoholic Treatment Considerations." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 1 (March 1987): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073998638703090106.

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A path analytic model for Hispanic alcoholics relating socioclinical prognostic variables to outcome following treatment in a therapeutic community differs markedly from that fitted to Anglo alcoholics. When Hispanics and Anglos were combined, a third model dropped out a socioclinical prognostic triad as Hispanic and Anglo effects cancelled out. The differential relationship of education to alcoholism severity and outcome was noted specifically as reflecting different racial-ethnic paths to recovery.

18

Gouvin, Eric J. "Drunk Driving and the Alcoholic Offender: A New Approach to an Old Problem." American Journal of Law & Medicine 12, no. 1 (1987): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800007425.

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AbstractHealth laws in every state recognize alcoholism as a treatable disease. State drunk driving laws, however, inadequately provide for alcoholic drunk drivers. Studies show that problem drinkers make up as much as two-thirds of the DWI offender class. Alcoholic drunk drivers cannot fully conform their drinking behavior to the dictates of the law as long as their alcoholism remains untreated. This Note argues that the law should consistently treat alcoholism as a disease. This Note suggests that the most appropriate way for the legal system to deal with alcoholic DWI offenders is to suspend the offender's license until he can show that he has successfully completed an initial alcohol detoxification/rehabilitation program. In addition, because alcoholism requires lifelong treatment, alcoholic drivers should be required to present periodic documentation that their condition is under supervised treatment. Epileptic drivers are handled in a similar manner in most states.

19

McGovern, Thomas F., Regina B. Baronia, and Susan E. Bergeson. "Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 37, no. 1 (November 2, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07347324.2019.1540529.

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20

Chick, J. "Treatment of alcoholism." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 1, no. 3 (May 1988): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-198805000-00014.

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21

Lettieri, Dan J. "Alcoholism Treatment Assessment:." Drugs & Society 2, no. 2 (August 9, 1988): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j023v02n02_01.

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22

Self, Donald R., Teri A. Kline, Jerry J. Ingram, William I. Sauser, and Vaughan C. Judd. "Alcoholism Treatment Marketing." Health Marketing Quarterly 5, no. 1-2 (December 2, 1988): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j026v05n01_02.

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23

Kline, Teri A., and Donald R. Self. "Alcoholism Treatment Facilities." Health Marketing Quarterly 6, no. 1-3 (May 16, 1989): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j026v06n01_08.

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24

Klerman, Gerald L. "Treatment of Alcoholism." New England Journal of Medicine 320, no. 6 (February 9, 1989): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm198902093200611.

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25

Allemann and Fisch. "Treatment of alcoholism." Therapeutische Umschau 57, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.57.4.253.

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Angesichts der vielen unspezifischen Symptome kann die Diagnose nur mit einer gezielten Anamnese und Untersuchung gestellt werden. Einfache, standardisierte Fragen geben einen ersten Hinweis, gegebenenfalls verifiziert durch eine eingehende Untersuchung. Der nächste Schritt besteht in einer hausärztlichen Beratung, gegebenenfalls unterstützt durch Pharmaka, wie Disulfiram, Acamprosate und Naltrexone. Viele kontrollierte Studien in der hausärztlichen Praxis haben gezeigt, daß auch eine minimale ärztliche Intervention wirksam ist. Aus diesem Grund lohnt es sich für den Hausarzt, alkoholkranke Patienten zu behandeln.

26

Wilbourne, Paula L., and William R. Miller. "Treatment for Alcoholism." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 20, no. 3-4 (July 2002): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v20n03_03.

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27

Wilkey, W. Warren. "The Influence of Alcoholics Anonymous on Alcoholism Treatment." Employee Assistance Quarterly 1, no. 4 (June 10, 1986): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j022v01n04_01.

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28

Adams, Scot L., and Shirley A. Waskel. "Comparisons of Purpose in Life Scores between Alcoholics with Early and Later Onset." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3 (December 1991): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.837.

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No significant differences were found on Purpose in Life scores of 33 early onset (before age 40) and 27 late onset (after 40 years of age) alcoholic men in alcoholism treatment centers. Differences were found between the later onset group and another group of early onset alcoholics ( n = 38) as well as an older nonalcoholic group of 20 tested by Meier and Edwards.

29

Miller, Brenda A., William R. Downs, and Dawn M. Gondoli. "Delinquency, Childhood Violence, and the Development of Alcoholism in Women." Crime & Delinquency 35, no. 1 (January 1989): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128789035001005.

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The interrelationships of delinquent activities and their consequences on the development of alcoholism in women were examined. Interview data were analyzed from a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups and 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from a household population to form the comparison group. Delinquent activity included status offenses such as running away and cutting classes, as well as more serious offenses, including fighting, stealing, and driving offenses. Official involvement as a juvenile was also assessed. Alcoholic women were significantly more likely than the random sample of women to report stealing, legal interventions, running away, and fighting. Multivariate analyses indicated that both stealing and legal interventions were important predictors of alcoholism problems in women, even when family background and childhood experiences, such as childhood sexual abuse and father-to-child violence were considered.

30

Dongier, Maurice. "Progrès récents dans l'étude de l'alcoolisme." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 1 (February 1989): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400113.

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The phenomenon of denial of alcohol dependence prevails not only in a majority of alcoholics, but also in the diagnostic and therapeutic behavior of many physicians. The reasons for this neglect of alcohol abuse are reviewed. In particular, value judgments rather than scientific data seem to lead a number of physicians to share the recent views of the U.S. Supreme Court on primary alcoholism: a “willful misconduct” rather than an illness. This dichotomy between primary and secondary alcoholism, simplistic in itself, is part of current attempts to describe a spectrum of alcoholic disorders, some more social, some more biological. The biological underpinnings of abnormal drinking behaviour include various abnormalities of cerebral neurotransmitters: dopaminergic, serotonergic, GABA and endogenous opiate systems among others. These abnormalities are partly genetically determined, pre-existing to alcohol abuse and explaining why “alcoholism runs in families”, and partly secondary to alcohol abuse. Their understanding may open the road to the use of specific pharmacological adjuvants in alcoholism treatment, in conjunction with psychotherapy, rehabilitation and self-help programs.

31

Emener, William G. "Persons Recovering from Alcoholism and Other Drugs: A Study of their Experiences with, Perceptions of, and Recommendations for, Treatment." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 24, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.24.1.47.

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A sample of 229 individuals recovering from alcoholism voluntarily remained after their Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and completed a 57 item Alcoholism Treatment Survey. In addition to traditional demographic information, the Survey collected data pertinent to critical treatment phenomena: (a) the respondents' reported experiences with alcohol and other drug treatment; and (b) the respondents' perceptions of, and recommendations regarding, treatment programming and issues and topics of special classes and discussion groups. Findings are simultaneously presented and discussed (with gender-specific considerations) within seven treatment-experience areas nine treatment programming areas, and 15 issues and topics of special ciasses and discussion groups pertinent to alcoholism treatment.

32

Murray, John B. "Psychologists and Alcoholic Women." Psychological Reports 64, no. 2 (April 1989): 627–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.2.627.

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Alcoholism among women often has been treated using a model based on research with alcoholic men. Women react differently to alcohol than men both physiologically and psychologically and their drinking patterns are different from men's. Treatment facilities for alcoholism have not been as available for women as for men and treatment must be individualized for the differences between men and women problem drinkers and for the differences among alcoholic women.

33

Cook, Brian L., George Winokur, Michael J. Garvey, and Vickie Beach. "Depression and Previous Alcoholism in the Elderly." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 1 (January 1991): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.1.72.

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A prospective study of male in-patients over 55 years old who met Feighner criteria for non-bipolar depression was performed to determine if a previous history of alcoholism significantly influenced treatment or response to treatment. Among 58 subjects with complete follow-up information, the 16 who had a history of alcoholism had a presentation at index which differed from that of the non-alcoholics, and on follow-up they clearly had more chronic illness. This elderly sample with alcoholism resembles ‘neurotic-reactive’ depressives described in younger samples, and supports a past history of alcoholism as being a risk factor for chronicity of depression on follow-up in the elderly population.

34

Peace, Kathryn, and Graham Mellsop. "Alcoholism and Psychiatric Disorder." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 21, no. 1 (March 1987): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678709160905.

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Over the past 50 years the relationship between alcoholism and psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia, has been the subject of a great deal of research. Psychiatric problems have been seen as both a cause and a result of alcoholism. Whatever the relation between alcoholism and psychiatric disorder is, it may have significance for the development of differentially effective treatment strategies. Several authors have argued that the presence and nature of psychiatric symptoms should form the basis of a classification system for alcoholics. Given the potential rewards of such a system for both understanding the aetiology of alcoholism and developing effective treatment strategies, it is important to have a clear picture of the nature and extent of this relationship. This paper reviews critically the published studies of the association between alcoholism and psychiatric disorder and outlines directions for future research.

35

Lewis, Milton. "Treatment of Alcoholism in Australia from the 1950s to the 1980s." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 607–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200311.

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Within Australian medicine, interest in the treatment of alcoholism revived in the 1950s, and in the following decade the various states introduced special legislation and established special facilities. Psychiatrists tended to dominate treatment and evaluation of treatment in this period, and state psychiatric centres continued to treat a large number of alcoholics. In the 1970s, the work of voluntary agencies was increasingly subsidised by the state, and the state services to a large extent assumed a supervisory role. In the same decade, criticism of the disease concept of alcoholism and questioning of the effectiveness of treatment began to emerge in Australia as it had overseas. By the mid-1980s, many health professionals saw treatment as a strategy of last resort and were looking to control of consumption as the primary means by which to reduce alcoholism.

36

Hough, Edythe S. Ellison. "Alcoholism: Prevention and Treatment." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 27, no. 1 (January 1989): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19890101-11.

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37

Sands, Brian F. "The Treatment of Alcoholism." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 8, no. 3 (June 1988): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-198806000-00031.

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38

Holden, C. "Is alcoholism treatment effective?" Science 236, no. 4797 (April 3, 1987): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3563486.

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39

WILCOX, JAMES A. "Treatment Matching in Alcoholism." American Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 8 (August 2004): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1514.

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40

Skolnick, Vivian B. "The Treatment of Alcoholism." American Journal of Psychotherapy 43, no. 1 (January 1989): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1989.43.1.135.

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41

Kural, Tom. "Antabuse Treatment for Alcoholism." Alcohol and Alcoholism 54, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agz047.

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42

Ingram, Jerry J. "Alcoholism Treatment Demand Estimation." Health Marketing Quarterly 6, no. 1-3 (May 16, 1989): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j026v06n01_11.

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43

George, David T., Robert Rawlings, Michael J. Eckardt, Monte J. Phillips, Susan E. Shoaf, and Markku Linnoila. "Buspirone Treatment of Alcoholism." Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 23, no. 2 (February 1999): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000374-199902000-00012.

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44

Gatch, Michael B., and Harbans Lal. "Pharmacological treatment of alcoholism." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 22, no. 6 (August 1998): 917–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5846(98)00060-8.

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45

Morse, Robert M. "The Treatment of Alcoholism." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 63, no. 4 (April 1988): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(12)64869-1.

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46

Wright, Curtis, and Richard D. Moore. "Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism." American Journal of Medicine 88, no. 6 (June 1990): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(90)90534-k.

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47

Chick, J. "Treatment Matching in Alcoholism." Alcohol and Alcoholism 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh007.

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48

Burtscheidt, Wilhelm. "Treatment matching in alcoholism." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 108, no. 6 (November 5, 2003): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0001-690x.2003.00213.x.

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49

Frances, R. J. "The Treatment of Alcoholism." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 51, no. 1 (January 1990): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1990.51.87.

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50

Chick, Jonathan, Kevin Gough, Wojciech Falkowski, Peter Kershaw, Brian Hore, Brij Mehta, Bruce Ritson, Richard Ropner, and Denis Torley. "Disulfiram Treatment of Alcoholism." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 1 (July 1992): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.1.84.

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Анотація:

To assess the efficacy of supervised disulfiram as an adjunct to out-patient treatment of alcoholics, a randomised, partially blind, six-month follow-up study was conducted in which 126 patients received 200 mg disulfiram or 100 mg vitamin C under the supervision of a nominated informant. In the opinion of the (blinded) independent assessor, patients on disulfiram increased average total abstinent days by 100 and patients on vitamin C by 69, thus enhancing by one-third this measure of treatment outcome. Mean weekly alcohol consumption was reduced by 162 units with disulfiram, compared with 105 units with vitamin C., and the disulfiram patients reduced their total six-month alcohol consumption by 2572 units compared with an average reduction of 1448 units in the vitamin C group. Serum gamma-GT showed a mean fall of 21 IU/I in patients on disulfiram but rose by a mean of 13 IU/I with vitamin C. Unwanted effects in the disulfiram group led to a dose reduction in seven patients and to treatment withdrawal in four (and in one vitamin C patient). Two-thirds of the disulfiram group asked to continue the treatment at the end of the study. There were no medically serious adverse reactions.