Статті в журналах: "Alcoholics Treatment"

1

Zimmerman, Jeffrey D., and Barbara R. Zeller. "Imaginal, Sensory, and Cognitive Experience in Spontaneous Recovery from Alcoholism." Psychological Reports 71, no. 3 (December 1992): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3.691.

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Although alcoholism is often regarded as an intractable disorder that requires intensive treatment, studies of the natural history of alcoholism indicate that unaided, spontaneous recovery may be the most common pathway to remission from alcoholism. Negative environmental consequences of alcoholic drinking have been invoked to explain spontaneous recovery, but a more compelling reason for sudden changes in drinking behavior concerns shifts in the personal meanings surrounding alcohol use. Extensive interviews in a multimodal format were conducted with two groups of alcoholics: one group comprised of 7 subjects who spontaneously recovered without treatment and the other group comprised of 9 people who believed formal treatment was necessary to abstain from drinking. Spontaneously recovered alcoholics reported experiencing vivid sensations and images at the time they decided to quit drinking, and they reported subsequent transformations of their personal identities. Active alcoholics reported no comparable experiences in imaginal, sensory, and cognitive modalities. Implications of the results for current alcoholism treatments are discussed.

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2

Bennett, Nathan, and Linda S. Kelley. "Assessing the Acceptance of the Disease Concept of Alcoholism among Eap Practitioners." Journal of Drug Issues 17, no. 3 (July 1987): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700305.

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In the past 20 years special interest groups have increased efforts to de-stigmatize alcoholism through improving the image of the alcoholic and medicalizing alcoholism. Among specific initiatives is the effort to implement work-based employee assistance programs (EAPs) to identify alcoholic employees through job performance decrements and guide them to appropriate treatment resources. In this analysis, two issues are examined. First, we measure the degree to which the disease model of alcoholism is accepted among those working with alcoholics in job-based programs, those variously charged with administering EAPs. Second, we measure attitudes toward the employment of recovering alcoholics in the EAP field. Results indicate that recovery from alcoholism, the role of “co-alcoholic,” and the occupational setting of the EAP administrator each affect the attitudes regarding the disease concept of alcoholism and the appropriateness of recovering alcoholics working in the EAP field.

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3

El-Guebaly, Nady, Douglas Staley, Alison Leckie, and Stuart Koensgen. "Adult Children of Alcoholics in Treatment Programs for Anxiety Disorders and Substance Abuse*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 8 (October 1992): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700804.

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Studies of the first-degree relatives of patients with alcoholism and anxiety disorders have identified a significant overlap of these disorders. Forty percent of the patients in an outpatient anxiety disorder program were adult children of alcoholics (ACOA), a proportion similar to that found in the substance abuse program. The ACOAs in both programs were younger, had higher co-dependency scores and were younger when they had their first psychiatric contact than the controls. The adult children of alcoholics who had anxiety disorders were more likely to be female and their alcoholic parents were less likely to have had psychiatric antecedents to alcoholism. Aside from substance abuse, similarities in socio-demographic variables and the impact of the parents' alcoholism were noted, reinforcing the hypothesis that vulnerabilities to anxiety disorders and alcoholism overlap.

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4

Mackenzie, Alisdair, and Richard P. Allen. "Alcoholics' Evaluations of Alcoholism Treatment." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 21, no. 2 (July 10, 2003): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v21n02_01.

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5

Vaillant, George E. "Alcoholics Anonymous: Cult or Cure?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 6 (June 2005): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01600.x.

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Objective: To discuss the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the safety of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in the treatment of alcoholism. Method: The published works on effective treatments for alcoholism is briefly reviewed and a prospective multidisciplinar y follow-up of recovery from alcoholism in two community cohorts of adolescent males followed from 1940 until the present day is reviewed. Conclusions: The suggested mechanism of action of AA is that it employs four factors widely shown to be effective in relapse prevention in addictions: external supervision, substitute dependency, new caring relationships and increased spirituality. In addition, AA serendipitously follows the principles of cognitive behaviour therapy in relapse prevention. Alcoholics Anonymous appears equal to or superior to conventional treatments for alcoholism, and the skepticism of some professionals regarding AA as a first rank treatment for alcoholism would appear to be unwarranted. Alcoholics Anonymous is probably without serious side-effects.

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6

Grzegorzewska, Iwona, and Lidia Cierpiałkowska. "Developmental Task Attainment in Adolescents from Families with a Recovering Alcoholic or Active Alcoholic Father." Polish Psychological Bulletin 42, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10059-011-0013-y.

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Developmental Task Attainment in Adolescents from Families with a Recovering Alcoholic or Active Alcoholic Father The problem under consideration is the issue of adolescent developmental tasks in families with alcohol-related problems, especially in families which contain one or more treated alcoholics. In the present work it was hypothesised that the treatment of alcoholic fathers would be one of the more important protective factors in families coping with alcoholism. The participants of the study included 91 children, aged 17-18. The research sample was comprised of three groups: 31 children of active alcoholics, 30 children of treated alcoholics, and 30 children of non-alcoholic parents. In general, the results of the study highlight the roles of temperament and parenting practices in the progress of developmental tasks. The data revealed that family characteristics were correlated to the predictors of these tasks. The groups used in the study were differed according to the factors of their developmental tasks.

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7

Costello, Raymond M. "Hispanic Alcoholic Treatment Considerations." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 1 (March 1987): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073998638703090106.

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A path analytic model for Hispanic alcoholics relating socioclinical prognostic variables to outcome following treatment in a therapeutic community differs markedly from that fitted to Anglo alcoholics. When Hispanics and Anglos were combined, a third model dropped out a socioclinical prognostic triad as Hispanic and Anglo effects cancelled out. The differential relationship of education to alcoholism severity and outcome was noted specifically as reflecting different racial-ethnic paths to recovery.

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8

Baldwin, Jeffrey N., and Kathleen A. Kriegler. "Alcoholism Treatment: A Model of Abstinence-Oriented Care." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 4, no. 6 (December 1991): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009100400603.

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Alcohol is the United States' foremost drug of abuse. Although a significant portion of the population continues to identify alcoholism with moral weakness, society embraces treatment as the primary mode of dealing with this disease. Treatment stressing ongoing abstinence from alcohol is the most universally accepted method of therapy. Following initial intervention and referral, treatment of the alcoholic includes detoxification; intensive early treatment, using either outpatient or inpatient treatment settings; and long-term support for recovery. Aftercare programs often require continuing attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, recovery support groups, and psychotherapy. In addition, recovering individuals may receive continued health care supervision from a physician knowledgeable about alcoholism. Family therapy is stressed as a component of recovery.

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9

Mukhopadhyay, J. "Medico-social profile of male alcoholics in a north Indian city." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172866.

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Background:Alcohol Dependence has been posing an unprecedented public health challenge in recent years. Alcohol related morbidity and mortality has attained new zenith that merits attention. Considering the abominable effects of alcoholism, it was decided to study the medico-social profile of male alcoholics in an urban set-up to identify the risk factors and suggest preventive measures.Methods:60 subjects reporting to a de-addiction centre at a north Indian town for treatment were studied during September 2014-February 2015. All the individuals were satisfying the criteria of alcohol dependence as per diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder. A pretested structured proforma was introduced to the consenting individuals, which included demographic details, personal and family history with details of physical and mental status examination. Data obtained was analysed and tabulated.Results:The mean age of the alcoholics seeking treatment was 37.86 years. Majority of them were married, middle school educated, employed urbanite, unskilled workers from lower middle class background. Mean ages of first alcoholic drink and first intoxication were 18.95 and 20.35 years respectively. Dependency developed at 28.60 years. Alcoholic father (65%) and brothers (31.67%) appeared tended the subjects towards alcohol. Financial stress and withdrawal problems mostly steered them to seek treatment. Epidemiological insight unveiled many risk factors like vulnerability of adolescents, male sex, nominal schooling, low socio-economic lineage, early employment, peer pressure, alcoholic father and siblings, financial stress and family discord.Conclusions:More community based studies are suggested to identify the community specific risk factors for alcoholism and recommend suitable preventive measures to abate alcoholism.

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10

Adams, Scot L., and Shirley A. Waskel. "Comparisons of Purpose in Life Scores between Alcoholics with Early and Later Onset." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3 (December 1991): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.837.

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No significant differences were found on Purpose in Life scores of 33 early onset (before age 40) and 27 late onset (after 40 years of age) alcoholic men in alcoholism treatment centers. Differences were found between the later onset group and another group of early onset alcoholics ( n = 38) as well as an older nonalcoholic group of 20 tested by Meier and Edwards.

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11

Pease, Barbara B., and David F. Hurlbert. "A Comparative Study of the Attitudes of Alcoholic Veterans and Nonalcoholic Veterans toward Child Rearing Practices and Family Life." Journal of Drug Education 18, no. 2 (June 1988): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jp82-gq60-wng2-vh45.

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To compare parental attitudes of alcoholics and nonalcoholics a parental attitude questionnaire (PARI-Q4) was administered to a stratified sample of alcoholic veterans in a VA alcohol treatment program and to nonalcoholic male veterans employed at the VAMC. The f-test was used to test equality between samples. Pearson's r was used to correlate for age on all scales. ANOVA methods were used to correlate race, social class, and fatherhood variables. Significant differences between the groups appeared on six scales, “Encouraging Verbalization,” “Avoiding Harsh Punishment,” “Encouraging Emotional Expression,” “Irresponsibility of Father,” “Inconsiderate-ness of Wife,” and “Tolerating Aggression.” No significant differences regarding fatherhood, race, age or social class were found. Since alcoholism was the only significant variable found in this study it points to the need for intervention through teaching parental skills to alcoholics to decrease the risk of their children becoming alcoholics.

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12

Mills, Jon K. "Locus of Control Orientation of Obese Adolescent Girls and Children of Alcoholics in Outpatient Treatment." Psychological Reports 70, no. 3_suppl (June 1992): 1184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3c.1184.

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Obese adolescents and children of alcoholics have been reported to exhibit an external locus of control orientation. Due to the perceived loss of control over personal eating behavior versus limited control over environmental circumstances, it was believed that obese adolescent girls would show greater externality than children of alcoholics. Rotter's I-E Scale was administered to 19 moderately obese adolescent girls and 10 girls who were children of alcoholics in outpatient treatment. While both groups scored within the external range of control orientation, there was no statistically significant difference between the samples. Contrary to prediction, obese adolescent girls and adolescents from alcoholic environments have similar world views on control orientation.

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13

Emener, William G., and J. Fred Dickman. "Significant Demographic Characteristics of Persons Recovering from Alcoholism and Other Drugs." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 23, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.23.1.3.

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The primary purpose of this study was to identify the existence of, and relationships among, selected demographic variables of persons recovering from alcoholism. A sample of 229 recovering alcoholics voluntarily remained after their Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and completed a 57 item “Alcoholism Treatment Survey”. Findings are simultaneously presented and discussed within 14 specific demographic areas of investigation with special attention to three overall constructs: (a) gender, viz, women's issues; (b) age, viz, younger (13-32), middle (33-45) and older (46-73); and (c) Alcoholics Anonymous, viz, its make up and composition. Conclusions and recommendations pertinent to prevention, treatment and future research are offered.

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14

Wilkey, W. Warren. "The Influence of Alcoholics Anonymous on Alcoholism Treatment." Employee Assistance Quarterly 1, no. 4 (June 10, 1986): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j022v01n04_01.

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15

Mills, Jon K., and Patrick F. Taricone. "Interpersonal Dependency and Locus of Control as Personality Correlates among Adult Male Alcoholics Undergoing Residential Treatment." Psychological Reports 68, no. 3_suppl (June 1991): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.68.3c.1107.

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The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory and the I-E Control Scale were administered to 22 male alcoholics in residential treatment. Contrary to prediction, subjects had normal dependency scores and external locus of control orientation. These findings contradict currently held assumptions about levels of dependence and the directionality of control orientation among inpatient alcoholics. Subjects were further examined for the influence of previous inpatient alcoholism treatment. Significant correlations were found between interpersonal dependency and control orientation scores for 14 alcoholics who were in residential treatment for the first time. Clinical implications for treatment concerning dependency factors and locus of control in inpatient populations are also discussed.

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16

Sabroe, Knud-Erik, Svend Sabroe, and Lau Laursen. "Artikel." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 22, no. 5 (October 2005): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250502200510.

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In 2002, an extensive follow-up of a 1996 alcohol survey was undertaken in Denmark. A mail-distributed questionnaire was sent to a representative population of 3120 adult Danes with a response rate of 56.4%. The questionnaire comprised 37 questions on alcohol (subdivided) and 6 on illegal substances. The present article focuses on three questions on the compulsory treatment for alcoholics and one question about the compulsory removal of children from alcoholic families. The results show a that a majority of 53% support compulsory treatment of alcoholics and that percentages as high as 80, 83 and 79% are supporting respectively compulsory treatment of pregnant alcoholics, alcoholics who have children, and compulsory removal of children from alcoholics. The results are broken down according to sex (no differences), age (no differences), education (the higher the education the less support, but still a majority) and economics (the better economy the less support, but still a majority). For average consumption the results demonstrate a correlation between high consumption and low levels of support for compulsory treatment, while a majority of those respondents who themselves drink more than 21 units per week disapproved of compulsory treatment. The survey responses on the issue of the removal of children from alcoholics demonstrate a considerable rise in restrictiveness since 1996.

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17

Kress, Manuela K. "Alcoholism: A Womens' Issue, A Disability Issue." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 20, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.20.2.47.

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Alcoholism has traditionally been approached in research and practice from a males perspective in the treatment and study of non-disabled males. During the past ten years a body of literature has been emerging which addresses the effects alcohol has on women and the special needs of women who are alcoholics. This paper addresses these differences and the special needs of women alcoholics. It also addresses the topic of alcoholism as a second disability. Several similarities exist between women alcoholics and the individual with a disability who abuses alcohol. These similarities are outlined and policy and programmatic recommendations are made.

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18

Tarquinio, Cyril, Gustave Nicolas Fischer, Aurélie Gauchet, and Jacques Perarnaud. "The self-schema and addictive behaviors: Studies of alcoholic patients." Swiss Journal of Psychology 60, no. 2 (June 2001): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1421-0185.60.2.73.

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This study deals with the sociocognitive organization of the self-schema in alcoholic patients. It was aimed at understanding how the self-schema takes shape within the framework of social judgments known to be determinants of personality. Alcoholic subjects were interviewed twice, once during their first consultation for treatment and then again four months later after completion of treatment. Our approach was derived directly from the methodology used by Markus (1977) and Clemmey & Nicassio (1997) in their studies on the self-schema. The subjects had to perform three tasks that required manipulating personality traits with positive and negative connotations (a self-description task in which decision time was measured, an autobiographical task, and a recall task). The results of the first interview showed that 1. in their self-descriptions, alcoholics took more time than control subjects both to accept positive traits and to reject negative ones; 2. unlike control subjects, alcoholics considered more negative traits to be self-descriptive than positive traits, and 3. unlike controls, alcoholics recalled more negative traits than positive ones. By the second interview, the results for the alcoholic subjects on the autobiographical and recall tasks had changed: 1. they now described themselves more positively and less negatively than on the first meeting; 2. they recalled a marginally greater number of positive traits and a significantly smaller number of negative traits, and 3. the differences between the alcoholics and controls indicated an improvement in the alcoholics' self-perceptions.

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19

Reyes, Maria M., Terry D. Schneekloth, Mario J. Hitschfeld, and Victor M. Karpyak. "Impact of Sex and ADHD Status on Psychiatric Comorbidity in Treatment-Seeking Alcoholics." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 12 (November 4, 2018): 1505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054718807997.

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Objective: To assess for intrasex and intersex differences in psychiatric comorbidity according to ADHD status in treatment-seeking adults with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Method: This study was a secondary analysis of data utilizing descriptive statistics from 472 treatment-seeking alcoholics who completed the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM). Results: The prevalence of ADHD in males and females was 6.0% and 6.4%, respectively. Males with ADHD and AUDs had higher rates of current and lifetime drug use disorders, current depressive disorders, and current and lifetime anxiety disorders than male alcoholics without ADHD. No intrasex differences in psychiatric comorbidities were identified in female alcoholics with respect to ADHD status. Males with ADHD and AUDs were more likely to have had opioid dependence than ADHD-positive females. No other intersex differences were found. Conclusion: Positive ADHD status was associated with increased psychiatric comorbidity among treatment-seeking alcoholic men.

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20

Öhman, Michael, and Stefan L. Marklund. "Plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase and erythrocyte Cu, Zn-containing superoxide dismutase in alcoholics treated with disulfiram." Clinical Science 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0700365.

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1. Disulfiram has long been used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. It is in vivo partially reduced to diethyldithiocarbamate, which is an efficient inhibitor of Cu, Zn-containing superoxide dismutase both in vitro and in vivo. The recently described extracellular superoxide dismutase is even more sensitive to diethyldithiocarbamate than Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase. 2. To test for the possibility that long term treatment with disulfiram leads to inhibition of the superoxide dismutases, plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase and erythrocyte Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase were determined in 12 disulfiram-treated alcoholics, and compared with 11 non-treated alcoholics and 19 healthy controls. 3. Plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase was moderately reduced (about 20%) in the disulfiram-treated alcoholics as compared with the non-treated alcoholics and the healthy controls. No effect of disulfiram treatment on erythrocyte Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activity was demonstrated.

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21

Mandic-Gajic, Gordana. "Possibility to predict the development of secondary depression in primary alcoholics during abstinence." Vojnosanitetski pregled 62, no. 11 (2005): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0511833m.

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Background/Aim. The relationship between alcoholism and depression is observed in clinical trials. The factors which could predict persistence of secondary depression after alcohol withdrawal are not enough explored on admission. The differences between depressed (DA) and non-depressed (NDA) alcoholics regarding the degrees of severity of withdrawal, severity of depression and the intensity of cognitive dysfunctions were explored on admission to investigate possibility of prediction of the development of secondary depression in alcoholics. Methods. A group of primary male alcoholics (n=86) was recruited during inpatient treatment. After 4 weeks alcoholics were divided in the DA group (n=43) and NDA (n=43) group according to the score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Clinical assessment of withdrawal, scoring on the Alcohol Dependency Severity Scale- ASD, and scoring on the Mini Mental Scale-MMSE were performed in all the participants on admission. The differences between the groups were tested by the Student's t-test. Results. The DA group showed the significantly higher severity of depression, higher levels of alcohol withdrawal symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions than the NDA group on admission. Conclusion. The specific group of depressive alcoholics was shown to be characterized by the higher severity of alcoholism and depression on admission, which could predict prolonged, secondary depression. Early detection and concurrent therapy of secondary depression could improve the treatment, and reduce the relapse of alcoholism.

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22

Kalman, David, Richard Longabaugh, Patrick R. Clifford, Martha Beattie, and Stephen A. Maisto. "Matching alcoholics to treatment." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 19, no. 2 (September 2000): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0740-5472(00)00096-9.

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23

Rosenberg, Harold. "Treatment of black alcoholics." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 5, no. 2 (January 1988): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-5472(88)90023-2.

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24

Gibbs, Leonard E. "Matching Alcoholics with Treatment." Journal of Social Service Research 17, no. 1-2 (June 4, 1993): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j079v17n01_03.

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25

Downs, William R., Brenda A. Miller, and Dawn M. Gondoli. "Childhood Experiences of Parental Physical Violence for Alcoholic Women as Compared with a Randomly Selected Household Sample of Women." Violence and Victims 2, no. 4 (January 1987): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.2.4.225.

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The effects of childhood experiences of parental violence on the development of alcoholism in women were examined by comparing a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups with 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from the population. Two-hour person-to-person interview schedules were administered to both samples. The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) assessed both father-to-daughter and mother-to-daughter relationships. Type of sample was regressed on each CTS subscale, controlling for presence of parental alcoholism, number of childhood changes in family structure, present age of respondent, and present income source. Alcoholic women were found to have higher father-to-daughter negative verbal interaction, moderate violence, and serious violence than household women. Father-to-daughter positive verbal interaction was found unrelated to membership in the alcoholism sample. None of the mother-to-daughter subscales were found to predict membership in the alcoholism sample.

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26

O'Sullivan, K., C. Rynne, J. Miller, S. O'Sullivan, V. Fitzpatrick, M. Hux, J. Cooney, and A. Clare. "A Follow-up Study on Alcoholics with and without Co-existing Affective Disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 6 (June 1988): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.6.813.

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Three-hundred male alcoholics were selected from consecutive admissions to hospital. They were divided into three diagnostic sub-groups: primary alcoholics; alcoholics with unipolar affective disorder; and alcoholics with bipolar affective disorder. After three follow-up interviews over a 2-year period after hospital discharge, the three sub-groups reported differences in frequency of mood change, amount of treatment received, and hospital attendance, although there were no clear-cut differences in items associated with their alcoholism. There were, however, some indications that bipolar patients functioned at a better level during the follow-up period, particularly those who were older, had a previous history of longer periods of abstinence, and maintained more frequent contact with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and their family doctor.

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27

Wennberg, Peter, Kristina Berglund, Ulf Berggren, Jan Balldin, and Claudia Fahlke. "The Cloninger Type I/Type II Typology: Configurations and Personality Profiles in Socially Stable Alcohol Dependent Patients." Advances in Psychiatry 2014 (December 17, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/346157.

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Many attempts have been made to derive alcohol use typologies or subtypes of alcohol dependence and this study aimed at validating the type I/type II typology in a treatment sample of socially stable alcohol dependent males and females. A second aim was to compare the two types with respect to their temperament profiles. Data was part of a larger ongoing longitudinal study, the Gothenburg Alcohol Research Project, and included 269 alcohol dependent males and females recruited from three treatment centers. The results showed that type II alcoholism occurred as a more homogenous type than type I alcoholism, and type I alcoholism seemed too heterogeneous to be summarized into one single type. When adapting a strict classification, less than a third of the study population could be classified in accordance with the typology, suggesting that the typology is not applicable, at least in socially stable individuals with alcohol dependence. The results also showed that type II alcoholics showed higher levels of novelty seeking than did the individuals that were classified as type I alcoholics. Quite surprisingly, the individuals classified as type II alcoholics also showed higher levels of harm avoidance than did the individuals that were classified as type I alcoholics.

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28

Miller, Brenda A., William R. Downs, and Dawn M. Gondoli. "Delinquency, Childhood Violence, and the Development of Alcoholism in Women." Crime & Delinquency 35, no. 1 (January 1989): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128789035001005.

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The interrelationships of delinquent activities and their consequences on the development of alcoholism in women were examined. Interview data were analyzed from a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups and 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from a household population to form the comparison group. Delinquent activity included status offenses such as running away and cutting classes, as well as more serious offenses, including fighting, stealing, and driving offenses. Official involvement as a juvenile was also assessed. Alcoholic women were significantly more likely than the random sample of women to report stealing, legal interventions, running away, and fighting. Multivariate analyses indicated that both stealing and legal interventions were important predictors of alcoholism problems in women, even when family background and childhood experiences, such as childhood sexual abuse and father-to-child violence were considered.

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29

Todorović, Slobadanka. "Socijalno medicinske karakteristike i razlike između alkoholičara sa periodičnim i kontinuiranim pijenjem / Social and Medical Characteristics and Differences Between Alcoholics With Periodic and Continuous Drinking." SESTRINSKI ŽURNAL 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/sez0116005t.

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According to the prevalence, causes and effects, addiction to alcohol is primarily a social problem (social - pathological phenomenon), a secondary medical, or psychiatric problem. Medicine, psychiatry belongs to that part of the alcohol abuse which has the characteristics of the disease, the disease of addiction. Suppresses the craving for alcohol and changed all mental functions, emotions, morality, accountability, value systems and encourages those traits that serve the satisfaction of desire - manipulative, passivity, impatience, recklessness, self-centeredness, hedonism.Dependence means the state of periodic or chronic intoxication with alcohol and is characterized by: a strong desire and need for acquiring and consuming alcohol, the tendency of increasing amounts of alcohol taken, physical and psychological dependence, adverse health consequences and distortions in social and professional functioning.There are several different divisions of alcoholics, today in most of our institutions and the distribution of benefits by the way alcoholics drinking on periodic and continuous (daily), which is easier and more convenient to use. In order to evaluate whether social status affect the way drinking alcohol, we investigated the medical social characteristics and differences between alcoholics with periodic and continuous drinking.The results of our study indicate that alcoholics consume alcohol periodically are mostly unmarried, living with friends more frequently in rural areas, are employed and have children. Family history is burdened by their addiction to alcohol and often come not treatment to avoid legal sanctions. Alcoholics with continuous drinking more frequently as a result of the facts of alcoholism are alcoholic polinuropatiju, in most cases, are divorced, live alone and have no children. They grew up with a father or both parents, in these alcoholics no existence, depending on the family or the father has, have trouble with the law as well as injuries in a drunken state. The higher percentage have komoriditet with depressive disorders.

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Blennerhassett, Richard, Antonie Schneider, Patrick Tubridy, Domhnall S. O'Loideáin, and Rory K. Shelley. "Cognitive dysfunction in recently detoxified female alcoholics." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 10, no. 1 (February 1993): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700013203.

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AbstractObjective:To assess the extent of cognitive impairment in a group of female alcoholics and to examine if any relationship was present between the degree of cognitive impairment, and the duration of alcohol dependence, impairment of liver function or associated prescribed medication abuse.Method:The subjects were thirty consecutive women in a residential alcoholism treatment programme who were assessed two weeks after detoxification. The visual reproduction subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale was used, together with four subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: vocabulary, similarities, block design and object assembly. We examined the effect on these scales of prolonged alcohol abuse (>5 years), abnormal liver function tests and prescribed medication abuse.Results:The group showed a significant impairment on the subtests, similarities, block design and object assembly when compared with the general population mean for the WAIS-R. Analysis of sub-groups showed little statistically significantly greater impairment on cognitive testing then the remainder of the group.Conclusions:The pattern of cognitive dysfunction for the group indicated subjects had deficits in abstraction, visual spatial and visual motor reasoning similar to previous studies involving male alcoholics. The usefulness of the sub-group comparisons was limited by the small numbers involved and larger studies would help clarify the role of contributory factors in the development of cognitive dysfunction in alcoholic subjects.

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Piderman, Katherine M., Terry D. Schneekloth, V. Shane Pankratz, Shaun D. Maloney, and Steven I. Altchuler. "Spirituality in Alcoholics during Treatment." American Journal on Addictions 16, no. 3 (January 2007): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550490701375616.

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Kranzler, Henry R. "Buspirone Treatment of Anxious Alcoholics." Archives of General Psychiatry 51, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950090052008.

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Valle, Stephen K. "Treatment Outcome for Hospitalized Alcoholics:." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 3, no. 4 (May 26, 1987): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v03n04_07.

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Penberthy, J. K. "Nonspecific treatment response in alcoholics." European Psychiatry 22 (March 2007): S196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.649.

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Guimarães, Andréa Noeremberg, Jacó Fernando Schneider, Márcio Wagner Camatta, Cíntia Nasi, Lucimare Ferraz, and Leandro Barbosa de Pinho. "Psychiatric hospitalization of alcoholists from rural areas in a general hospital: expectations of families." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, no. 6 (December 2019): 1442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0710.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to know the expectations of family members of alcoholics living in rural areas under treatment in a Psychiatric Hospitalization Unit. Method: qualitative research, through interviews with 15 relatives of alcoholics living in rural areas and hospitalized in a Psychiatric Unit. Information was interpreted in the light of Phenomenological Sociology. Results: two concrete categories emerged: Expectations that the family member quits using alcohol and Projects of family members for the alcoholic after discharge. Relatives expected the alcoholic to maintain abstinence and planned post-discharge care, which involved everything from welcoming them to projects with a prospect of control or even fear of not being able to care for the alcoholic. Final considerations: most participants have positive expectations regarding psychiatric hospitalization, but some relatives are not confident about caring for the alcoholic and mentioned alternatives such as hiring a caregiver or nursing homes.

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Lesch, O. M., H. Walter, R. Mader, M. Musalek, and K. Zeiler. "Chronic alcoholism in relation to attempted or effected suicide. A long-term study." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 3, no. 3 (1988): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00001747.

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SummaryRushing (1968) offers two hypotheses for the possible structural connection between suicidal and chronic alcoholic case groups : the “processual cause theory” is based on the idea that alcoholism leads through its problematic nature to suicide attempts. In the “common cause theory” alcoholism and suicidai acts are due to mutually shared factors, e.g., social isolation and enforced social integration.Data on suicide and suicide attempts were obtained as a separate aspect of a comprehensive follow-up investigation. All patients from one particular region in Austria, who had been admitted to hospital between 1976 and 1978 for treatment of chronic alcoholism took part in this study. Follow-up time was 4 to 7 years. 101 patients died during this period. 356 patients remained under close follow-up investigation. In addition to information about basic drinking habits, we attempted to identify predictive factors regarding the course of alcoholism and investigated familial circumstances, development and interactions.In contradiction with both theories forwarded by Rushing, we were able to isolate a special subgroup of chronic alcoholics attempting or committing suicide. This group is characterized by a depressive symptomatology (endogeneous-depressive syndrome, according to the Viennese Diagnostic Criteria), as well as by the presence of other psychiatrie disturbances underlying chronic alcohol abuse. Family histories also uncovered evidence of psychiatric illnesses. Cases of negative alteration in social status and problematical partnerships could be found in this subgroup. Drinking habits themselves did not differ from non suicide-prone alcoholics.

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Smirnova, V. "Severe non-adherens to treatment phenomena with russian men alcoholics." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71816-8.

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IntroductionNon-adherence in alcoholics is one of the major problems of contemporary Russian psychiatry.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and structure of non-adherence in Russian men alcoholics receiving treatment in psychiatric hospital.MethodsForty five men(mean age 39.5 yrs) with alcoholism were randomly selected from narcology department and week after the last alcohol use enrolled in the subsequent survey including questionnaires on knowledge about the disease on treatment and health behavior. Patients with neurological deficit and any another psychiatric disorders in anamnesis were excluded.ResultsWe have shown that only 4% of patients demonstrated adherence to treatment. 93% felt significant deterioration in physical well-being in the last 2–5 years, only 83% attributed it to alcohol use and only 67% were agree with diagnosis. The remaining 29% denied the alcohol dependence, but recognized the need for detoxification and general medical examination to improve the physical well-being. 96% thought unnecessary to work with a psychologist or a therapist or referral to a rehabilitation center or opioid receptor antagonist in spite of repeated failures of self-termination of drinking. They attributed this to the low efficiency of these methods and their high cost or absence problems and diseases.ConclusionNon-adherence is very prevalent in Russian men alcoholics. Severe non-adherence to treatment including illness denials is observed in 29% of patients. Non-adherence to treatment including most part of proposed methods is observed in 67%.

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38

Agarwal, Meena, and Keith Gaskell. "Clinical features of alcoholic suicide attempters/ non-attempters." Psychiatric Bulletin 20, no. 11 (November 1996): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.20.11.656.

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A cross-sectional study of 74 consecutive alcoholic patients admitted to a subregional alcohol treatment unit examines the socio-demographic and clinical differences between those who had/had not attempted suicide, and investigates their relationships to current suicidal ideation. The suicide attempters were significantly younger, separated and unemployed. They began regular drinking earlier, were more severely dependent and had a higher proportion of major depression, antisocial personality disorder and another drug abuse. The results suggest a high incidence of suicidal behaviour in alcoholics and high psychiatric comorbidity in alcoholics who attempt suicide.

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., Elanchezhian, Yoganandh T., S. Mayilsamy, and Shankar Radhakrishnan. "Comparison of haematological parameters between alcoholics and non-alcoholics." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 11 (October 27, 2017): 5041. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174967.

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Background: Alcohol being one of the most commonly used drug, whose consequences include changes of CBC. The main causes leading to changes of CBC (complete blood count) are: myelosuppression that is accompanying with slight reduction in all blood cells, blood loss from gastrointestinal tract, malnutrition etc. Alcoholics may suffer from moderate anemia, characterized by enlarged, structurally abnormal RBC’s; mildly reduced numbers of WBC’s, especially of neutrophils; and moderately to severely reduced numbers of platelets. The objective of the study was to study the haematological manifestation among alcoholics based on the quantity and duration of alcohol intake and compare them with non-alcoholics.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year in our medical college hospital in medicine OPD with the collaboration of department of pathology and bio-chemistry. The study was started after getting the approval from the institutional ethical committee. A total of 150 study subjects were included in the study in which 50 were non-alcoholics, 50 were moderate alcoholics (less than or equal to two drinks per day for men and less than or equal to one drink per day for women) and the remaining 50 were severe alcoholics (more than 7 drinks a week in women and more than 14 drinks in a week in men). Blood investigations such as CBC, prothrombin time, liver function test, renal function test, folic acid levels and vitamin B12 levels were measured and the levels were compared between alcoholics and non-alcoholics.Results: Mean RBC count, mean MCH, MCHC were normal among the non-alcoholic group and it started decreasing among moderate alcoholics and more so with severe alcoholics and a similar type of result was also seen with total count and platelet count and the difference was found to be statistically significant. LFT, RFT, prothrombin time and vitamin B12 levels were found to be high and folate levels were decreased among alcoholics group when compared to non-alcoholics and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions: Detection of hematological changes in chronic alcoholics and giving psychiatric counseling and treatment for alcohol dependence will decrease the future complications like cirrhosis liver, cardiac and renal disease, cerebellar degeneration, neuropathy, pancreatitis, etc. and reduce the morbidity and mortality in alcoholics.

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Modestin, J., and O. Würmle. "Two types classification of male alcoholism confirmed." European Psychiatry 12, no. 7 (1997): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80002-8.

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SummaryIn recent years a two types classification of male alcoholism has been proposed by several authors. The study aimed at a testing of type I/type II classification of alcoholism in an independent sample. A total of 351 Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) male alcoholics consecutively admitted for an inpatient psychiatric treatment were studied. Type II characteristics were extracted from the pertinent literature; 19 available variables best representing these characteristics were selected. The data was collected using the method of a retrospective evaluation of clinical records. Cluster analysis yielded two clusters which were well separated from each other. Heterogeneity of the male inpatient population of alcoholics was demonstrated and the existence of broadly defined type I and type II alcoholism was confirmed.

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Mattson, Richard E., Ashton M. Lofgreen, and Timothy J. O’Farrell. "Dyadic alcohol use, alcohol-specific conflict, and relationship dissatisfaction in treatment-seeking men and their female partners." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 34, no. 8 (September 29, 2016): 1206–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407516670759.

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Intimate partners consuming different amounts of alcohol tend to have lower relationship satisfaction, whereas those drinking at similar levels often report happier unions. It is presently unclear how dyadic alcohol use patterns impact relationship satisfaction for couples wherein one member has an alcohol use disorder. We examined this using longitudinal data from an alcoholic treatment sample ( N = 181) and further explored whether conflict pursuant to differential use played a mediating role. Partners similar in their baseline frequency of alcohol intoxication reported higher initial satisfaction but experienced significant declines in satisfaction longitudinally. Highly differential alcohol use was associated with lower satisfaction for both partners at baseline, which was mediated by conflict specific to men’s alcohol use. Notably, baseline relationship variables also predicted subsequent changes in alcohol use. These findings overall support a dyadic understanding of alcoholism and highlight that drinking patterns may link to long-term relationship outcomes differently for alcoholics.

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Barra, S., S. Franceschi, A. Maccioni, and E. Bidoli. "Characteristics of alcoholics attending ?Alcoholics in treatment? clubs in Northeastern Italy." European Journal of Epidemiology 8, no. 4 (July 1992): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00146371.

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Svanum, S., and W. G. McAdoo. "Parental alcoholism: an examination of male and female alcoholics in treatment." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 52, no. 2 (March 1991): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1991.52.127.

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Jones, John W. "Predicting Patients' Withdrawal against Medical Advice from an Alcoholism Treatment Center." Psychological Reports 57, no. 3 (December 1985): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3.991.

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34 male street alcoholics completed the Drinking-related Locus of Control Scale before entering a 30-day residential treatment program for alcoholism. Their locus of control scores significantly correlated .36 with the number of days they remained in treatment. Patients reporting more perceived control over both interpersonal and intrapersonal pressures to drink (internal scorers) remained in treatment reliably longer than patients (external) who felt their sobriety was a function of forces outside their control.

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Chignon, J. M., and J. P. Lépine. "Trouble Panique et Alcoolisme: Influence de la Comorbidité." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 7 (September 1993): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800705.

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Both epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of panic disorder among alcoholic patients. In contrast, little attention has been given to studying alcohol abuse and/or dependence in patients suffering from panic disorder. One hundred and fifty-five consecutive referrals for treatment for panic disorder were interviewed using a modified version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia—Lifetime Version, modified for the study of anxiety disorders. Thirty-two patients (20.7%) had a lifetime history of alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Although the lifetime comorbidity rate of either agoraphobia and/or social phobia seems without any influence on the risk of alcohol-related disorder, alcoholic patients suffering from panic disorder appear to be more likely to have a history of depression and other addictive disorders. The majority of patients with primary alcoholism were male, and those who became alcoholics after they developed panic disorder were more likely to be female. The comparison between patients with primary and secondary alcoholism did not indicate any difference in the comorbidity rate with other psychiatric disorders nor the severity of panic disorder.

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Emener, William G. "Persons Recovering from Alcoholism and Other Drugs: A Study of their Experiences with, Perceptions of, and Recommendations for, Treatment." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 24, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.24.1.47.

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A sample of 229 individuals recovering from alcoholism voluntarily remained after their Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and completed a 57 item Alcoholism Treatment Survey. In addition to traditional demographic information, the Survey collected data pertinent to critical treatment phenomena: (a) the respondents' reported experiences with alcohol and other drug treatment; and (b) the respondents' perceptions of, and recommendations regarding, treatment programming and issues and topics of special classes and discussion groups. Findings are simultaneously presented and discussed (with gender-specific considerations) within seven treatment-experience areas nine treatment programming areas, and 15 issues and topics of special ciasses and discussion groups pertinent to alcoholism treatment.

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Escobar-Córdoba, Franklin, Juan David Ávila-Cadavid, and Miguel Cote-Menendez. "Complaints of insomnia in hospitalized alcoholics." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 31, no. 3 (September 2009): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462009000300013.

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of insomnia complaints in a population of alcoholics hospitalized in addiction clinics in Bogotá. METHOD: Alcoholic patients hospitalized for detoxification in addiction clinics were recruited. Design: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data gathered by means of clinical interviews and measuring scales: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Zung Self-rating Anxiety and Depression scales. RESULTS: The prevalence of chronic insomnia complaints was 56.8% (33/58); anxiety symptoms 65.5% (38/58); depressive symptoms 75.9% (44/58) with variations in distribution by gender. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of chronic insomnia complaints measured was found to be high in the population of hospitalized alcoholics. These patients deserve medical care and treatment for sleep disorders in their rehabilitation plan. Further research allowing the extension of the obtained results is needed.

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Roy, Alec. "P.5.024 Treatment of depressed alcoholics." European Neuropsychopharmacology 7 (September 1997): S259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(97)88857-8.

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Wanck, Bick. "Depression in Alcoholics: Implications for Treatment." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 254, no. 2 (July 12, 1985): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03360020061012.

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Dave, M. "Depression in alcoholics: implications for treatment." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 254, no. 2 (July 12, 1985): 231c—231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.254.2.231c.

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