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Статті в журналах з теми "Al-foam sandwich composites"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Emi Nor Ain Mohammad, Nurul, Aidah Jumahat, and Mohamad Fashan Ghazali. "Impact Properties of Aluminum Foam – Nanosilica Filled Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sandwich Composites." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.11 (July 21, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11.15934.

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This paper investigates the effect of nanosilica on impact and energy absorption properties of sandwich foam-fibre composites. The materials used in this study are closed-cell aluminum (Al) foam (as the core material) that is sandwiched in between nanomodified basalt fiber reinforced polymer (as the face-sheets). The face sheets were made of Basalt Fibre, nanosilica and epoxy polymer matrix. The sandwich composite structures are known to have the capability of resisting impact loads and good in absorbing energy. The objective of this paper is to determine the influence of closed-cell aluminum foam core and nanosilica filler on impact properties and fracture behavior of basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) sandwich composites when compared to the conventional glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) sandwich composites. The drop impact tests were carried out to determine the energy absorbed, peak load and the force-deflection behaviour of the sandwich composite structure material. The results showed that the nanomodified BFRP-Al foam core sandwich panel exhibited promising energy absorption properties, corresponding to the highest specific energy absorption value observed. Also, the result indicates that the Aluminium Foam BFRP sandwich composite exhibited higher energy absorption when compared to the Aluminium foam GFRP sandwich composite.

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Sinar, A. A., Zainuddin Firuz, M. A. Nur Azni, M. A. Hazizan, and H. A. Sahrim. "Flexural Performance of Polyurethane/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Foam Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.8.

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Polyurethane (PU)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) foam composites were produced by reaction of based palm oil polyol (POP) with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The MWCNTs were added into PU foam with the percentages varied from 0 wt.% to 3 wt.%. Sandwich composites were prepared using hand lay-up method where Aluminium (Al) sheet as skin were stacked onto PU foam using Araldite adhesives. The PU/MWCNTs foam composites (PMFC) and PU/MWCNTs foam sandwich composites (PMFSC) were characterized using flexural test analysis. Observation showed higher value of flexural strength for PMFC and PMFSC at 0.5% incorporation of MWCNTs. The flexural strength of sandwich PU foam is higher with an average value of 159.38% than control PU foam, due to Al sheet act as ductile skin and prevents samples from rupture rapidly. The modeling using finite element analysis (NX Software-version 8.5) showed the displacement nodal magnitude for 0.5% PMFC (2.537 mm) are higher than 0.5% PMFSC (0.288 mm).

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Vaidya, U. K., A. N. Palazotto, and L. N. B. Gummadi. "Low Velocity Impact and Compression-After-Impact Response of Z-Pin Reinforced Core Sandwich Composites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 122, no. 4 (April 21, 2000): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1289141.

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In the current work, sandwich composite structures with innovative constructions referred to as Z-pins, or truss core pins, are investigated. The Z-pin core sandwich construction offers enhanced transverse stiffness, high damage resistance, and multi-functional benefits. The present study deals with analysis of low-velocity impact (LVI) of Z-pin sandwich plate, and experimental studies of compression-after-impact characterization. Experimental studies on LVI of Z-pin sandwich plate considered in the analysis have been reported in Vaidya, et al., 1999, “Low Velocity Impact Response of Laminated Sandwich Composites with Hollow and Foam-Filled Z-Pin Reinforced Core,” Journal of Composites Technology and Research, JCTRER, 21, No. 2, Apr., pp. 84–97, where the samples were subjected to 11, 20, 28, 33, and 40 J of impact energy. The LVI analysis is developed with regards to Z-pin buckling as a primary failure mode (and based on experimental observations). A finite element model accounting for buckling of the pins has been developed and analyzed using ABAQUS. This paper also presents experimental results on compression-after-impact (CAI) studies which were performed on the sandwich composites with Z-pin reinforced core “with” and “without” foam. The experimental LVI tests were performed in Vaidya, et al., 1999, “Low Velocity Impact Response of Laminated Sandwich Composites with Hollow and Foam-Filled Z-Pin Reinforced Core,” Journal of Composites Technology and Research, JCTRER, 21, No. 2, Apr., pp. 84–97. The results indicate that selective use of Z-pin core is a viable idea in utilizing space within the core for sandwich composites in structural applications. [S0094-4289(00)02904-2]

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Hosseini, SM, A. Habibolahzadeh, and J. Němeček. "Static and dynamic responses of a novel Al nanocomposite foam/sandwich structure under bending, impact and quasi-static compression tests." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 1406–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217717579.

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The aim of this study is to analyze mechanical properties of a new Al sandwich structure with a foam core reinforced by 0.75 wt% silicon carbide nanoparticles. The reinforced core as the main component of the sandwich structure is examined by nanoindentation, quasi-static compression, impact and three-point bending tests. The behavior of the nanocomposite foam core sandwiched with AA3103 facing sheets is also analyzed under three-point bending test. The results showed that the silicon carbide nanoparticles play an important role in enhancing the Young’s modulus and hardness of the metallic matrix, static compressive strength, energy absorption of the foam core as well as load carrying capacity and maximum deflection of the sandwich structure. However, they have no significant influence on the morphological features, impact and bending properties of the foam core. The effectiveness of the silicon carbide nanoparticles was dependent on the dominant deformation mode and failure mechanism of specimens under the applied loadings.

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Costanza, Girolamo, and Maria Elisa Tata. "Parameters Affecting Energy Absorption in Metal Foams." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1552.

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Recent research findings on the mechanical behavior of metal foams are summarized in this work. Thanks to their properties in compressive tests, a wide range of foamed materials has been considered for energy-absorption applications such as Al, Fe, Ti, Ni and its alloys. The main parameters affecting energy absorption are focused and presented: cell size, relative density, strain rate, hybrid foam (Al-Cu, Al-Ni), base metal, and composites structures (Al-foam filled tube and sandwich). Metal foam response, impact resistance and failure are discussed in many configurations and test conditions. The results of finite elements modelling and its validation by means of mechanical tests are discussed too.

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Golestanipour, M., A. Babakhani, and S. Mojtaba Zebarjad. "High-velocity perforation behaviour of sandwich panels with Al/SiCp composite foam core." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 1483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319883331.

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Aluminium foam core sandwich panels are good energy absorbers for impact protection applications, such as light-weight structural panels, packing materials and energy absorbing devices. In this study, the high-velocity perforation response of a range of sandwich panels with Al A356/SiCp composite foam core and 1100 aluminium face-sheets has been investigated using a conventional gas gun. Impact perforation tests were carried out using a 10-mm diameter conical nosed indenter at velocities up to that required to achieve complete perforation of the target (i.e. 230 m/s). The effects of face-sheet thickness, density and thickness of aluminium composite foam core on the total, specific and extra absorbed energy and also ballistic limit of the panels during impact penetration were experimentally investigated. During test, top face-sheets globally bended and tore into several pieces and so absorbed part of impact energy. Rupture and densification are two deformation modes and energy absorption mechanisms of foam core. Localized indentation and tearing, global bending and delamination were also observed on back face-sheets. Higher foam core density and thickness and also thicker face-sheets resulted in higher absorbed energy and ballistic limit.

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Shahedi, Saeid, and Mehdi Mohammadimehr. "Nonlinear high-order dynamic stability of AL-foam flexible cored sandwich beam with variable mechanical properties and carbon nanotubes-reinforced composite face sheets in thermal environment." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 2 (November 5, 2017): 248–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217738908.

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In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic stability analysis of sandwich beam including AL-foam flexible core and carbon nanotubes-reinforced composite face sheets subjected to axial periodic load are investigated by using generalized differential quadrature method. The flexible core of sandwich beam is made of Aluminum alloy foam with variable mechanical properties in the thickness direction. With considering the high-order geometrical nonlinearity in the core and face sheets, the high-order sandwich panel theory and modified couple stress theory are employed for AL-foam flexible core and face sheets, respectively. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations of dynamic stability are derived from the Hamilton’s principle and then discretized by using generalized differential quadrature method to convert them into a linear system of Mathieu–Hill equations. These formulations lead to nine partial differential equations which are coupled in axial and transverse deformations. The boundaries of the instability region are achieved by Bolotin’s method and are illustrated in the dimensionless nonlinear excitation frequency (Ω NL) and excitation frequency ratio (Ω NL/Ω L) to load amplitude plane. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the influence of some important parameters such as slenderness ratio, face sheet thickness, temperature rise, carbon nanotube volume fraction, static load factor, coefficients of Pasternak foundation, and end supports on the nonlinear dynamic instability characteristics of AL-foam core sandwich beam. The numerical results show that with temperature increasing, the nonlinear excitation frequency (Ω NL) and width of corresponding unstable zone decrease, but dynamic frequency ratio (Ω NL/Ω L) and associated unstable region increase. With an increase in the application of sandwich structures for compressible core in advanced industries such as spacecraft, high-speed aircraft, naval vessels, transportation, and automobiles, a further interest in the problem-involving dynamic instability of structures has resulted. Because of their applications, sandwich structures are frequently exposed to periodic axial compressive forces and so the dynamic instability has been a very important topic in structural dynamics and is of practical importance in different engineering industries.

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Srilakshmi, R., and R. Sanjay kumar. "Numerical analysis of sandwich panels under high-velocity impact." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1248, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1248/1/012104.

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Abstract Composites are gaining importance in aircraft structures, due to their high specific strength, stiffness, and low weight. There are different types of composites used in aircraft structures out of which carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) serves best in the aircraft industry. Half of the weight of the Boeing 787 is made of CFRP and other composites that reduced the weight of the aircraft by 20% as compared to the conventional design with aluminum alloy. Similar to CFRP the recent trend focused on the usage of sandwich structures in aircraft design. Sandwich structure is a composite material made of the lightweight thick core placed between the thin face sheets made of CFRP or Glass fiber reinforced polymer. During service, aircraft panels are subjected to severe structural, aerodynamics loads, and impact loads. These loads cause severe damage to the structure that affects the residual strength. The impact is the more susceptible damage in composite panels. In this paper, a numerical impact analysis of the sandwich panel is carried out. There are different parameters that influence the impact strength of sandwich panels are face sheet material, core material, and thickness of the core. In this paper, finite element-based parametric analysis is carried out by varying face sheet materials such as CFRP, GFRP, Al alloy, Ti alloy, and core materials (such as honeycomb structure and PVC foam). Further, in this work, the combined MADM method using TOPSIS and AHP is applied to find out the optimal face sheet material for the sandwich panel. The attribute data for applying the MADM method is obtained from finite element analysis (FEA).

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Wang, Hui, Donghui Yang, Siyuan He, and Deping He. "Fabrication of Open-cell Al Foam Core Sandwich by Vibration Aided Liquid Phase Bonding Method and Its Mechanical Properties." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 26, no. 5 (May 2010): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-0302(10)60066-7.

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Firuz, Z., Ahmad Sahrim, Rozaidi Rasid, and S. A. Syed Nuzul Fadzli. "Flexural Analysis of Polyurethane Foam and Sandwich Composite Foam via Experimental and Finite Element CMethods." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.526.

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Polyurethane (PU)/montmorillonite (MMT) composite foam were synthesized with reaction of diisocyanate with polyester polyol by a batch process. In this research, water was used as the blowing agent with TEGOSTAB B8407 and TEGOAMIN PMDETA as the surfactant and catalyst, respectively. Clay was used as filler for composite PU foam with the percentages varied from 0 wt% to 5 wt%. Polyurethane foam (Al-PU) sandwich composite was prepared using hand-lay up method where Al sheet was stacked onto PU foam using adhesive. The samples were characterized using flexural test analysis. Observations showed that PU foam has better failure deformation with flexural extension increased up to 9.44 mm. However, flexural stress and optimum load for sandwich composite are up to 3.63MPa and 410.78N respectively. Furthermore, Al sheet act as ductile skin to PU foam and prevent samples from rupture rapidly or avoiding the existence of brittle fracture. Modeling of composite using finite element software shows the ductile-like failure behavior in sandwich composite Al-PU foam even though the core itself is a rigid brittle foam.

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Zhang, Min, Chang Jun Chen, and Qing Ming Chang. "Study on the Interface Bonding Mechanism of Steel Sheet/Aluminum Foam/ Steel Sheet Sandwiches." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.78.

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Steel sheet/aluminum foam/steel sheet sandwich structure have higher stiffness than aluminum sheet/aluminum foam/aluminum sheet sandwich. So in this study the aim is to manufacture steel/Al-foam core/steel sandwich panels by rolling of two steel-face sheet and Al-Si powders. The deformation of the rolled-piece, powder grains and the joining deformation of the composite interface are discussed and analyzed in this paper. SEM and EDS of the compound interface are investigated. It was concluded that a metallurgy bonding interface was formed by diffusion reaction and a brittle compound generated.

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Bangash, Muhammad, Graziano Ubertalli, Davide Di Saverio, Monica Ferraris, and Niu Jitai. "Joining of Aluminium Alloy Sheets to Aluminium Alloy Foam Using Metal Glasses." Metals 8, no. 8 (August 6, 2018): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080614.

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Aluminium alloy foam is a lightweight material with high energy absorption properties and can potentially replace bulk Al-components. The aim of this work is to develop a brazing technique to join aluminium facing sheets to aluminium alloy foam to obtain aluminium foam sandwich panels for applications where high service temperature is a requirement. Al-6016 alloy sheets were brazed to aluminium alloy foam using two aluminium based (Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Si-Mg-Ti) metal glasses at 560 °C–590 °C in an argon atmosphere. Microstructure and microhardness profiles of the aluminium alloy sheet/aluminium alloy foam brazed joints were analysed using a microhardness tester and scanning electron microscope equipped with electron dispersion spectroscopy. A three-point bending test was conducted to study the flexural behaviour of the aluminium foam sandwich composite panels.

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Alavi Nia, A., and M. Kazemi. "Analytical and numerical investigations on the penetration of rigid projectiles into the foam core sandwich panels with aluminum face-sheets." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 1 (September 25, 2017): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017730090.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration of ballistic projectiles into the sandwich panels both analytically and numerically. Due to the complexity of the mathematical equations governing this phenomenon, very few analytical studies have been conducted in this area. Given the widespread use of sandwich panels consisting of metal face-sheets and metal foam core in aerospace industries, revisions are carried out on analytical method provided by Hoo Fatt et al. on polymer foam core and composite face-sheets sandwich panels. Then using the improved relations, the high speed impact of a cylindrical projectile on the sandwich panels with aluminum face-sheets and aluminum foam core with different density ratios has been discussed. Also, the penetration process is simulated and finally to evaluate the accuracy of the improved analytical method and simulations, the results are compared to the experimental data obtained from tests have been done on the panels with aluminum foam core and aluminum face-sheets. Results of the research show that the improved procedure and numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments.

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Vcelka, Martin, Michelle Dunn, Yvonne Durandet, Christopher C. Berndt, and Dong Ruan. "Behavior of CFRC/Al Foam Composite Sandwich Beams under Three-Point Bending." Advanced Engineering Materials 16, no. 1 (July 24, 2013): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201300055.

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Firuz, Zainuddin, Leong Chit Shing, and Syed Adam Syed Nuzul Fadzli. "Flexural Properties of Al/Floral Foam Sandwich Composite Prepared by Hand Lay Up Process." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 701 (December 19, 2019): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/701/1/012052.

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Yang, Chengxing, Zhifang Chen, Shuguang Yao, Ping Xu, Shunfeng Li, and Mohammed S. Alqahtani. "Parametric study on the crushing performance of a polyurethane foam-filled CFRP/Al composite sandwich structure." Polymer Testing 108 (April 2022): 107515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107515.

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Selvam, Vignesh, Vijay Shankar Sridharan, and Sridhar Idapalapati. "Static and Fatigue Debond Resistance between the Composite Facesheet and Al Cores under Mode-1 in Sandwich Beams." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6020051.

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The debonding toughness between unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polymer face sheets and cellularic cores of sandwich structures is experimentally measured under static and fatigue loading conditions. The effect of various core geometries, such as regular honeycomb and closed-cell foams of two relative densities on the adhesive interfacial toughness is explored using the single cantilever beam (SCB) testing method. The steady-state crack growth measurements are used to plot the Paris curves. The uniformity of adhesive filleting and the crack path was found to affect the interfacial toughness. The static Mode-1 interfacial toughness of high-density foam cores was witnessed to be maximal, followed by low-density honeycomb, high-density honeycomb, and low-density foam core. Similarly, the fatigue behavior of the low-density honeycomb core has the lowest crack growth rates compared to the other samples, primarily due to uniform adhesive filleting.

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Lin, Hao, Hong Jie Luo, Jian Kun Zhang, Zhuo Kun Cao, and Jianrong Xu. "A Novel Method for Preparation of Aluminum Foam Sandwich Panels." Materials Science Forum 933 (October 2018): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.933.86.

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This paper introduced a new method for fabricating aluminum foam sandwich (AFS) panel with large scale dimension. The foamable Al-based precursor was prepared by optimized FORMGRIP foaming method which was developed from melting process. The blowing agent was specially modified to increase the decomposition temperature. To avoid surface oxidation, the mild cover sheets were aluminized by cold spraying technique. An optimized hot pressing technique was designed and showed great advantages in the bonding of the precursor to the cover sheets at low temperature. The precursor and the cover sheet was successfully bonded by using a specially designed hot pressing apparatus via diffusion bonding. It is shown that the pre-bonding in the three-layer composite is beneficial to the formation of metallurgical bonding surface in AFS. The foaming and bonding process was carried out simultaneously. This approach for manufacturing AFS may have particularly importance on applying the AFS panels to industrial applications.

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Patel, Murlidhar, and Shivdayal Patel. "Novel design of honeycomb hybrid sandwich structures under air-blast." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, September 19, 2022, 109963622211279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10996362221127967.

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In this study, dynamic explicit analysis was performed to examine the air-blast performance of various hybrid sandwich designs in terms of face plate deflections and energy dissipation capacity under the conventional weapons effects program (CONWEP) air-blast loads ranging from 3 kg to 8 kg trinitrotoluene for stand-off distance ranges from 150 mm to 200 mm. The blast resistance of honeycomb sandwich configurations was evaluated using steel honeycomb with different core topologies, crushable Al foam-filled steel honeycomb, and steel or steel with 3D Kevlar/polypropylene laminate employing fiber metal laminate (FML) front face. For an accurate prediction of the deformation mechanism of all steel parts, the Johnson-Cook (J-C) model was used. The composite failure criteria of Hashin, Puck, and Matzenmiller were implemented to accurately examine the fiber and matrix damage behavior. The novel hybrid design of the honeycomb sandwich structure’s blast resistance is improved by the employment of foam-filled honeycomb, an FML front face, and a circular honeycomb core. In comparison to other sandwich configurations, a novel designed hybrid sandwich construction composed of foam filled circular honeycomb with FML front facing and steel back facing (FCH-1KP0.5) achieved the highest blast resistance due to its lowest face deflection with the smallest plastic dissipation energy.

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Jen, Yi-Ming, and Han Chen. "Fatigue damage accumulation of sandwich panels with glass/polypropylene faces and aluminum foam core under two-stage cyclic flexural loading." Modern Physics Letters B, February 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984923400262.

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The two-stage cumulative flexural fatigue behavior of sandwich beams with glass/polypropylene (PP) faces and aluminum (Al) foam core was experimentally analyzed to study the loading sequence effect of the studied innovative sandwich composites subjected to variable-amplitude cyclic loading. The constant amplitude load–life curve was established first for reference. Subsequently, the two-stage cumulative fatigue tests were performed, and the high/low loading sequence and cycle ratio of the first stage were used as experimental variables in the cumulative fatigue tests. Experimental results showed that the sum of the cycle ratios of the two stages for all cases was approximately 1.3. Furthermore, the loading sequence effect was slight. Because the interaction of damage evolution for the two stages was nonsignificant, the different failure modes for the high- and low-loading levels contributed to the high sums of cycle ratios.

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Dmitruk, Anna, Krzysztof Naplocha, Joanna Pach, Dariusz Pyka, Grzegorz Ziółkowski, Mirosław Bocian, and Krzysztof Jamroziak. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Ballistic Resistance of Composites Based on Sandwich Metallic Foams." Applied Composite Materials, September 1, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-021-09957-0.

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AbstractIn recent years, hybrid composite materials are of increasing interest during the search for new materials to be used as ballistic barriers (shields) and kinetic energy absorbers. The main objective of this study is to test the energy absorption capacity of Zn-Al alloys filled with various polymer materials (epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicone). The ballistic resistance of modern hybrid materials to direct firing of a 5.56 × 45 mm SS109 projectile and during quasi-static piercing test is examined. Next, a numerical simulation in the ABAQUS environment is performed. In order to accurately reproduce the foam structure, a computed microtomography (CT) system is used. In the simulation of deformations of viscoplastic bodies, the Lagrange and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) methods are applied. The obtained results from numerical analyses are verified with experimental results. Metallic foams are proven to have only a remote influence on the impact load, while, when filled with polyurethane resin, they show resistance to the overshoot. Performed simulation supports the detailed analysis of the impact energy dissipation for each of the samples.

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