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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Leal, Rui M., and Altino Loureiro. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welds in Aluminium Alloys 2024-T3, 5083-O and 6063-T6." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.697.

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Анотація:

The aim of this research is to study the effect of the welding process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints in aluminium alloys 2024- T3, 5083-O and 6063-T6. A small loss of hardness and strength was obtained in welds in alloys 2024-T3 and 5083-O as opposed to welds in alloy 6063-T6, where a substantial softening and a drop of strength were observed. In alloy 6063-T6 a strength efficiency of only 45 to 47% was obtained.

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2

Xu, Anlian. "Properties of High Speed Friction Stir Welded 6063-T6 Aluminum Alloy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1676 (November 2020): 012107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1676/1/012107.

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3

GRINSPAN, Alphonse Sahaya, and Rajappa GNANAMOORTHY. "Fatigue Behavior of Oil Jet Peened Aluminum Alloy, AA 6063-T6." Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering 1, no. 7 (2007): 875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmmp.1.875.

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4

Tomaszewski, Tomasz, and Janusz Sempruch. "Analysis of Size Effect in High-Cycle Fatigue for EN AW-6063." Solid State Phenomena 224 (November 2014): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.224.75.

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Any changes in specimen size in relation to the reference dimensions involve scaling inaccuracies resulting in the variances in strength testing (monotonic, fatigue) results. It is referred to as a size effect. The size effect is described using a cross-sectional coefficient determined for various specimen sizes and test types. The analysed material is aluminium alloy EN AW-6063 T6 with a cross-sectional area of 28, 7 and 3.5 mm2.

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5

Hongyang, JING, FENG Qi, XU Lianyong, ZHAO Lei, and HAN Yongdian. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welds on 6063-T6 Aluminum Alloy." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 56, no. 8 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2020.08.013.

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6

D.S., Balaji. "Effect of garnet abrasive in water jet peening on AL 6063-T6 alloy." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 8, no. 8 (August 25, 2020): 4346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/48882020.

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7

Moreira, P. M. G. P., F. M. F. de Oliveira, and P. M. S. T. de Castro. "Fatigue behaviour of notched specimens of friction stir welded aluminium alloy 6063-T6." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 207, no. 1-3 (October 2008): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.12.113.

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8

Gnanamoorthy, R., and A. Sahaya Grinspan. "E-11 FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF OIL JET PEENED ALUMINIUM ALLOY, AA 6063-T6(Session: Fatique/Contact Strength)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.103.

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9

Kumar, Raghuvir, and S. B. L. Garg. "Influence of applied stress ratio on fatigue crack growth in 6063-T6 aluminium alloy." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(85)90035-3.

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10

Kumar, Raghuvir, and S. B. L. Garg. "A study of crack closure under constant amplitude loading for 6063-T6 Al-alloy." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 33, no. 5 (January 1988): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(88)90121-4.

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11

Raghuvir, Kumar. "Experimental observation of crack propagation in 6063-T6 al-alloy under constant amplitude loading." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 42, no. 3 (January 1990): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(90)90029-h.

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12

Jonckheere, Caroline, Bruno de Meester, Cédric Cassiers, Martin Delhaye, and Aude Simar. "Fracture and mechanical properties of friction stir spot welds in 6063-T6 aluminum alloy." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 62, no. 5-8 (December 25, 2011): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3795-3.

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13

Idrus, Haftirman, M. Afendi, and Wong Chun Hoe. "Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth of Aluminum Alloy with Stress Ratio Effects." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 1105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.1105.

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Анотація:

Fatigue crack initiation and growth of aluminum alloys with stress ratio were investigated due to it was widely used in aircraft production parts. Various types of aluminium alloy have been selected (6063-T6, 7075-T6, and 2024-T351). Compact design standard based on ASTM standard E647-11 was used for specimen. Cyclic loading experiment was conducted using Instron 8801 Hydraulic Server Machine with da/dN software for setup and parameter setting. Investigations on crack propagation and fracture surface were done by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to obtain the image of the specimen surface. Further analysis was done on the image to study on the crack initiation and propagation. Various stress ratio effects were set for the compact specimens having thickness 12.7 mm. Relationship between crack growth rate and the stress intensity factor range were further identified with the stress ratio effects. The gradients of crack growth rate increase while the stress ratio, R increase. Higher R-ratio results in higher value range of minimum load applied. Paris law and Modified Forman law were used as comparison with the experimental data for validation purposes and to provide the level of precision.

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14

Zhao, Yunqiang, Chungui Wang, and Chunlin Dong. "Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Water Cooling Bobbin-Tool Friction Stir Welded 6063-T6 Aluminum Alloy." MATEC Web of Conferences 206 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820603002.

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In this study, a novel welding method called water cooling bobbin-tool friction stir welding (WBT-FSW) was developed. 4 mm-thick 6063-T6 aluminum alloy sheets were successfully jointed by WBT-FSW. Comparative studies on macro/microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the WBT-FSW and conventional bobbin-tool friction stir welding (BT-FSW) joints were carried out. The results indicated that the water mist cooling can significantly decrease the welding temperature and improve both the weld formation and the mechanical properties of the joint. The tensile strength of the WBT-FSW joint was 11.4% higher than that of BT-FSW joint.

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15

Serrano Pérez, Javier. "Low-speed finite element frontal impact analysis on aluminum alloy bumper made of 6063-T6." Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fi.25940732e.2023.24.1.001.

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In this research, a low-speed impact numerical simulation has been performed on a 6063-T6 Aluminum alloy bumper welded by MIEA technique using ANSYS® LS-DYNA® Workbench™ 19.2, according to the requirements of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations. For the numerical simulation, mechanical properties were obtained from quasi-static tensile tests in 6063-T6 aluminum alloy joints, these joints were manufactured using the MIEA (modified indirect electric arc) technique and a MIG welding process and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). For the numerical impact simulation, the following parameters have been used: mass of the impactor of 1000 kg, speed of the impactor 4 km/hr and material of the impactor AISI 4130 steel. The simulation study showed that aluminum alloy joints used in bumper beam has excellent mechanical strength under low-speed impact conditions. Among the mechanical properties that have been recovered due to PWHT are the following: it was possible to harden the fusion zone, that is, there was an increase in hardness values from 80 HV0.1 to 98 HV0.1, the heat affected zone was eliminated, obtaining hardness values of approximately 110 HV0.1, a recovery in yield strength (59%) was observed, that is, in welding condition (170 MPa) and welding condition plus PWHT (270 MPa). In terms of tensile strength, a recovery (42%) was observed, going from welding condition (214 MPa) and welding condition plus PWHT (304 MPa). Tensile strength also had an increase ranging from 214 MPa to 304 MPa. This represents an increase of 42 pct. Finally, the simulation showed that the welding zone on the bumper has very good resistance to low speed impact since no permanent deformations were observed, that is, after the impact the bumper returns to its initial position.

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16

Ganapathy, T., K. Lenin, and K. Pannerselvam. "Process Parameters Optimization of Friction Stir Welding in Aluminium Alloy 6063-T6 by Taguchi Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 867 (July 2017): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.97.

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This paper deals with the effective application of friction stir welding similar to butt joining technique.AL6063 T-6 alloys prepared in 125x 100 x 7mm thickness plate and FSW tool setup were H13 of diameter 25mm rotary tool with straight cylindrical pin profile. The maximum strength was considered for selection of combined process parameter. The process parameters were optimized using Taguchi method. The Rotational speed, welding speed, and axial speed are the main process parameter which taken into our consideration. The optimum process parameters are determined with reference to tensile strength of the joint. From the experiments, it was found the effects of welding parameter are the axial force is highest substantial parameter to determining the tensile strength of the joint. The paper which revealed the optimal values of process parameter are to acquire a maximum tensile strength of friction stir welded AL6063-T6 plates is 101.6Mpa with the combination level of rotational speed, welding speed and axial force are found to be 1100 RPM, 60 mm/min and 12.5 KN. validation test was carried out and results were nearer to the optimized results confirmed by the optimum results.

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17

Piñeiro-Jiménez, A., C. Villalobos-Gutiérrez, M. H. Staia, and E. S. Puchi-Cabrera. "Tensile and fatigue properties of 6063-T6 aluminium alloy coated with electroless Ni–P deposit." Materials Science and Technology 23, no. 3 (March 2007): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328407x157317.

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18

Cui, Shuwan, Yunhe Yu, Rong Ma, Fuyuan Tian, and Shuwen Pang. "Study on Morphology, Microstructure and Properties of 6063-T6 Aluminum Alloy Joints in MIG Welding." Materials 16, no. 13 (July 7, 2023): 4886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134886.

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In this paper, a metal inert gas (MIG) shielded welding method was used for high-quality welding of 6063-T6 aluminum alloy sheet with a thickness of 2.5 mm. The welding process of MIG welding was accurately simulated and the welding temperature field and thermal cycle curve were calculated using a combination of Gaussian body heat source and double ellipsoidal heat source. As the welding current increased from 75 A to 90 A, the reinforcing phase precipitated under the microstructure of the joint gradually became larger and re-solidified into the body, resulting in a reduction in mechanical properties. When the welding current is 85 A, the pitting resistance of weld forming and weld area reaches its optimum. At this time, the tensile strength of the joint is up to 110.9 MPa, the elongation is up to 16.3% and the Vickers Microhardness is up to 46.9 HV.

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19

Shurkin, Pavel, Nikolay Belov, Torgom Akopyan, and Zhanna Karpova. "Recycling-Oriented Design of the Al-Zn-Mg-Ca Alloys." Materials Proceedings 3, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iec2m-09250.

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Approaches to the design of recycling-tolerant Al-Zn-Mg alloys were formulated to be achieved via combined Ca, Fe, and Si, and appropriate solidification conditions and heat treatment. A CalPhaD calculation and experimental study were employed for analysis of the Al-8%Zn-3%Mg alloy doped with 1–2%Ca, 0.5%Fe, and 0.5%Si. The Al-8%Zn-3%Mg-1%Ca-0.5%Fe-0.5%Si (AlZnMg1CaFeSi) alloy was preliminarily found to be promising since it showed a high equilibrium solidus, and an as-cast structure including curved phases (Al), Al3Fe, Al2CaSi2, Al10CaFe2, and (Al, Zn)4Ca; favouring a further spheroidization response during a two-step annealing at 450 °C, 3 h + 520 °C, 3 h. Furthermore, the alloy showed an excellent age-hardening response (195 HV, T6), which did not yield the values of the base alloy and outperformed the values of the other experimental counterparts. Regarding feasibility, 80% reduction hot rolling was successfully conducted, as well as a brief comparison with commercial 6063 impurity-tolerant alloys. As it showed qualitatively similar structural patterns and Fe and Si alloying opportunities, the AlZnMg1CaFeSi alloy may serve as a sustainable basis for the further development of high-strength aluminum alloys tailored for manufacture from scrap materials.

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20

Erzi, E., D. Dispinar, and S. Yilmaz. "Friction and Wear Properties of Plasma Sprayed YSZ/Ni-Cr-Al Coated 6063-T6 Aluminum Alloy." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0111.

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AbstractIn this study T6 heat treated 6063 aluminum alloys were used as substrate material. In order to form a bond between the substrate and the main coating, all samples were coated with Ni-Cr-Al powders. 8 wt% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia powders (YSZ) were coated with plasma spray technique. Thickness of YSZ was 150 μm and bond coating was 36 m. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses were performed to characterize the coating layers. These YSZ coated and uncoated samples were subjected to wear testing under different spindle speed, loading and working distance. Wear test results were compared with the kinetic friction coefficients and weight loss values. Wear marks on YSZ coated and uncoated samples were investigated by SEM analysis. By coating with plasma spray technique, the wear resistance of Al alloys was increased without changing the friction coefficient. It was found that spindle speed had significant effect over the wear properties than the load applied. By YSZ coating, wear properties were increased 10 times.

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21

Grinspan, A. Sahaya, and R. Gnanamoorthy. "Effect of Nozzle-Traveling Velocity on Oil Cavitation Jet Peening of Aluminum Alloy, AA 6063-T6." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 129, no. 4 (July 2, 2007): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2772339.

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A new surface modification process was developed to introduce compressive residual stresses at the surface of components. In this process, instead of oil droplets a high-velocity cavitation jet (cloud of oil bubbles) impinges on the surface of the component to be peened. The impact pressure generated during implosion of cavitation bubbles causes severe plastic deformation at the surface. Consequently, beneficial compressive stresses are developed at the surface. In order to find the potential of this process, aluminum alloy AA6063-T6 specimens were peened at a constant cavitation number with various nozzle-traveling velocities. Residual stress induced by oil jet cavitation peening was measured using X-ray diffraction. Oil cavitation jet peening results in a smooth and hard surface. The developed compressive residual stresses at the peened surface are about 52%, 42%, and 35% of yield strength in samples for peened at nozzle traveling velocities of 0.05mm∕s, 0.10mm∕s, and 0.15mm∕s, respectively.

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22

Kumar, Raghuvir, and S. B. L. Garg. "Effect of yield stress and stress ratio on fatigue crack closure in 6063-T6 aluminium alloy." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 38, no. 4 (January 1989): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(89)90079-3.

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23

Eboreime, Ohioma, Muhammad Ali, Frank Kraft, and Khairul Alam. "Development of aluminum alloy 6063 T6 and T7 material models and their effects on energy-absorbing characteristics of cross-axial members." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 53, no. 4 (March 12, 2018): 266–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324718759412.

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This article presents a new and detailed study on the characterization of material properties of AA 6063 T6 and T7 tempers and their effects on crushing response and energy absorption in a novel tubular structural member for design for crashworthiness purposes. These properties were characterized into three regions: the elastic, the uniform plastic, and the ductile damage regions. Standard tensile tests were used to ascertain the elastic and plastic properties up until uniaxial instability. To characterize the ductile damage, a phenomenological model was employed using a decaying exponential fit of triaxial stresses versus equivalent plastic strain data obtained from finite element and experimental models of flat notched specimens. A new theoretical model for predicting the crushing behavior of the novel cross tube was developed. A numerical, experimental, and theoretical comparison of the mean crushing force for novel extruded cross-shaped specimens of both tempers was also presented. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the applications of T6 and T7 tempers of aluminum as energy-absorbing materials for novel cross-shaped structural members for improved crashworthiness.

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24

Chand, Satish. "Crack Closure and Propagation Studies to Determine the Effects of Simple Load Interaction." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904166.

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Crack closure and fatigue crack growth experiments were performed on centrally notched specimens of 6063-T6 Al-alloy under single overload and block loading conditions. Using crack closure data, values of effective stress range ratio (U) were found. Assuming that the crack closure phenomenon is responsible for transient behavior of fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR), the FCGR behavior during load interaction was predicted using a constant amplitude crack propagation description in conjunction with the experimentally measured U-values. On comparing predicted FCGR with those found experimentally, it was observed that the predicted FCGR always agrees with the trend of experimental FCGR behavior and provides either exact or conservative estimates of the FCGR.

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25

Wang, Ye, Mi Zhao, Hongyu Xu, Maoliang Hu, and Zesheng Ji. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of ADC12/6063-T6 aluminum alloy butt joint achieved by metal inert gas groove welding." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 10 (November 28, 2018): 2120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405418815385.

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Metal inert gas arc welding process was implemented to join 6063T6 wrought alloy and ADC12 die-casting alloy using ER4047 filler metal. The microstructure of the weld seam and weld interface was investigated. The bonding strength of the butt joints was tested by Charpy U-notch impact test and tensile test. The results showed that a sound welding butt joint with finely silicon particles and excellent mechanical properties was formed, and the size of the silicon particles was nearly 2 μm. Compared with 6063T6 wrought alloy, the impact absorbing energies and the tensile strengths of the butt joint were higher and reached 1.173 kJ/cm2 and 205 MPa, respectively, and the fractures of all tensile specimens occur at the 6063T6 aluminum.

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26

Singh, Vibhu, Soni Kesarwani, and M. S. Niranjan. "IMPACT OF VARIATION IN SIZES OF BORON CARBIDE ON PROPERTIES OF NOVEL COMPOSITE OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY 6063-T6 AND BORON CARBIDE." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 7 (November 1, 2021): 322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i07.050.

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Анотація:

Composites are continuously evolving as the most demanding materials among various industries because of their reinforced mechanical properties and lesser weight. The present work aimed to fabricate a novel aluminium matrix composite using Aluminium Alloy 6063 T6 as base metal and ceramic boron carbide particles with three different micro sizes viz.104μm, 74μm, and 53μm as reinforcement. For composite fabrication, stir casting technique has been utilized. Micro-structure and mechanical behavior of base alloy and prepared composites has been analyzed in this work. Observing through optical microscopy reveal a uniform and proper distribution of B4C particle in Al matrix, along with cluster formation at few sites. The results also exhibit that hardness of reinforced composite has been found to be more than that of base alloy by 81.35 %, in which composite with particle size 53μm has shown maximum hardness of 75.77HV. The trend in tensile strength indicates that the ultimate tensile strength of composite with boron carbide of mesh size 53μm is more than the base alloy by 20.79% and is also highest among the rest of composites with a value of 219.196MPa.

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27

Balaji, D. S., and T. Jeyapoovan. "Optimization of process parameters in water jet peening on Al 6063-T6 alloy using grey relational analysis." Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 2556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.265.

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28

Kumar, Raghuvir, and Kamlesh Singh. "Some formulae for the effective stress range ratio used in crack growth of 6063-T6 aluminium alloy." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 57, no. 3 (January 1994): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(94)90035-3.

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29

Ozan, S. "Effect of friction stir welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 6063‐T6 aluminum alloy." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 51, no. 8 (August 2020): 1100–1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201900186.

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30

Rogala, Michał, and Jakub Gajewski. "Crashworthiness Analysis of Thin-Walled Square Columns with a Hole Trigger." Materials 16, no. 11 (June 5, 2023): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16114196.

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Анотація:

Thin-walled structures dynamically loaded with an axial force are the subject of this study. The structures work as passive energy absorbers by progressive harmonic crushing. The absorbers were made of AA-6063-T6 aluminum alloy and subjected to both numerical and experimental tests. Experimental tests were performed on an INSTRON 9350 HES bench, while numerical analyses were performed using Abaqus software. The energy absorbers tested had crush initiators in the form of drilled holes. The variable parameters were the number of holes and their diameter. The holes were located in a line 30 mm away from the base. This study shows a significant effect of the hole diameter on the values of the stroke efficiency indicator and mean crushing force.

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31

Zhang, Suhong, Alan Frederick, Yiyu Wang, Mike Eller, Paul McGinn, Anming Hu, and Zhili Feng. "Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Property Characterization of 6063 Aluminum Alloy Tubes Processed with Friction Stir Back Extrusion." JOM 71, no. 12 (October 29, 2019): 4436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03852-7.

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Abstract Friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) is a technique for lightweight metal extrusion. The frictional heat and severe plastic deformation of the process generate an equiaxed refined grain structure because of dynamic recrystallization. Previous studies proved that the fabrication of tube and wire structures is feasible. In this work, hollow cylindrical billets of 6063-T6 aluminum alloy were used as starting material. A relatively low extrusion ratio allows for a temperature and deformation gradient through the tube wall thickness to elucidate the effect of heat and temperature on the microstructure evolution during FSBE. The force and temperature were recorded during the processes. The microstructures of the extruded tubes were characterized using an optical microscope, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and hardness testing. The process reduced the grain size from 58.2 μm to 20.6 μm at the inner wall. The microhardness of the alloy was reduced from 100 to 60–75 HV because of the process thermal cycle.

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32

Catarino, Jonny Max, Valter Roberto Brito Celestino, M. A. P. Bueno, I. D. D. Valarelli, M. C. S. Alves, and L. E. R. Pereira. "Effects of Macro and Microstructure of Aluminum Alloy AA 6063-T6 with TIG-AC Welding Process with Unbalanced Rectangular Wave." Key Engineering Materials 735 (May 2017): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.735.65.

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The use of the rectangular wave in the TIG-CA welding process for aluminum alloys allows numerous possibilities of frequency control, wave amplitude variation and positive or negative current for the same wave cycle. The configuration selected is decisive for the effect and final property of the weld bead, where alternating current variation in aluminum alloy welding is widely used and is intended to promote surface oxide layer cleanliness while promoting penetration of the joint. In the literature it is common to find statements that the cleaning of the oxide layer at the welding time is connected to the positive wave cycle and the penetration is connected to the negative wave cycle time. For the research proposal, TIG-AC welding of the aluminum alloy AA 6063-T6 was performed by simple plate deposition with rectangular wave with variation both in the current and in the time of positive polarity of the electrode in the cycle in the current welding wave 140 A, For balance conditions at 50% of the positive polarity at a waveform time period of 20 ms, followed by wave unbalance to 32.5% and 15% of the positive polarity acting time maintaining a constant frequency of 50 Hz for all settings. The results for the selected settings show that the decrease in the positive wave time decreases the penetration and the width of the weld bead and this may be related to the selection of time and frequency used.

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33

Sahoo, Priyabrata, Mantra Prasad Satpathy, Vishnu Kumar Singh, and Asish Bandyopadhyay. "Performance evaluation in CNC turning of AA6063-T6 alloy using WASPAS approach." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 700–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2017-0127.

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PurposeSurface roughness and vibration during machining are inevitable which critically affect the product quality characteristics. This paper aims to suggest the implementation of a multi-objective optimization technique to obtain the favorable parametric conditions which lead to minimum tool vibration and surface roughness of 6063-T6 aluminum alloy in computer numerically controlled (CNC) turning.Design/methodology/approachThe case study has been accomplished according to response surface methodology RSM’s Box–Behnken design (BBD) matrix using Titanium Nitride-coated Tungsten Carbide insert in a dry environment. As the experimental results are quite nonlinear, a second-order regression model has been developed for the responses (surface roughness and tool vibration) in terms of input cutting parameters (spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut). The goodness of fit of the models has also been verified with analysis of variance (ANOVA) results.FindingsThe significance efficacy of input parameters on surface roughness and tool vibrations has been illustrated through multi-objective overlaid 3D surface plots and contour plots. Finally, parametric optimization has been performed to get the desired response values under the umbrella of weighted aggregate sum product assessment (WASPAS) method and verified confidently with confirmatory test results.Originality/valueThe results of this study reveals that hybrid RSM with WASPAS method can be readily applicable to optimize multi-response problems in the manufacturing field with higher confidence.

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34

Kumar, Raghuvir, and S. B. L. Garg. "Effect of single and intermediate tensile overload cycles on effective stress range ratio in 6063-T6 Al-alloy." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 36, no. 4 (January 1989): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(89)90051-3.

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35

Sun, Daqian, Yueying Zhang, Yanjun Liu, Xiaoyan Gu, and Hongmei Li. "Microstructures and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded joints of 16Mn steel and 6063-T6 aluminum alloy with different electrodes." Materials & Design 109 (November 2016): 596–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.076.

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36

Zhou, Feng, and Ben Young. "Aluminium alloy channels subjected to web crippling." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 7 (January 10, 2019): 1617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218819564.

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This article reports experimental and numerical investigations of aluminium alloy plain and lipped channels subjected to web crippling. A total of 240 data are presented that include 24 test results and 216 numerical results. A series of tests was conducted first on channels fabricated by extrusion using 6063-T5 and 6061-T6 heat-treated aluminium alloys under end-two-flange and interior-two-flange loading conditions. The concentrate transverse loads were applied by means of bearing plates. The flanges of the specimens were not fastened (unrestrained) to the bearing plates. A non-linear finite element model is then developed and verified against experimental results. Geometric and material non-linearities were included in the finite element model. It was shown that the finite element model closely predicted the web crippling strengths and failure modes of the tested specimens. Hence, the model was used for an extensive parametric study of cross-section geometries, and the web slenderness value ranged from 24.0 to 207.3. The test results and the web crippling strengths predicted from the finite element analysis were compared with the design strengths obtained using the American, Australian/New Zealand and European specifications for aluminium structures. An empirical unified web crippling equation with new coefficients for aluminium alloy channels under end-two-flange and interior-two-flange loading conditions is proposed. Since two failure modes of web buckling and web yielding were observed in the tests, the web crippling strength is also predicted using the proposed theoretical design rules for channels. The web crippling strength is the lesser of the web buckling strength and web yield strength.

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37

Xia, Jiaping, Chanhee Won, Hyunggyu Kim, Wonjoo Lee, and Jonghun Yoon. "Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Plastic Anisotropy of Sheet Metals Based on Indentation Test." Materials 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051714.

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This paper mainly proposes two kinds of artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting the plastic anisotropy properties of sheet metal using spherical indentation test, which minimizes measurement time, costs, and simplifies the process of obtaining the anisotropy properties than the conventional tensile test. The proposed ANN models for predicting anisotropic properties can replace the traditional complex dimensionless analysis. Moreover, this paper is not limited to the prediction of yield strength anisotropy but also further accurately predicts the Lankford coefficient in different orientations. We newly construct an FE spherical indentation model, which is suitable for sheet metal in consideration of actual compliance. To obtain a large dataset for training the ANN, the constructed FE model is utilized to simulate pure and alloyed engineering metals with one thousand elastoplastic parameter conditions. We suggest the specific variables of the residual indentation mark as input parameters, also with the indentation load–depth curve. The profile of the residual indentation, including the height and length in different orientations, are used to analyze the anisotropic properties of the material. Experimental validations have been conducted with three different sheet alloys, TRIP1180 steel, zinc alloy, and aluminum alloy 6063-T6, comparing the proposed ANN model and the uniaxial tensile test. In addition, machine vision was used to efficiently analyze the residual indentation marks and automatically measure the indentation profiles in different orientations. The proposed ANN model exhibits remarkable performance in the prediction of the flow curves and Lankford coefficient of different orientations.

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38

Strąk, Adrian, Marcin Małek, Adrian Chlanda, and Ewa Sudoł. "The impact of temperature and mechanical load on corrosion resistance of anodized aluminum EN AW-6063 (T6 temper) alloy for potential architectonic application." Journal of Building Engineering 50 (June 2022): 104128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104128.

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Shinge, A. R., and U. A. Dabade. "The Effect of Process Parameters on Material Removal Rate and Dimensional Variation of Channel Width in Micro-milling of Aluminium Alloy 6063 T6." Procedia Manufacturing 20 (2018): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.024.

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40

Senthil, S. M., R. Parameshwaran, S. Ragu Nathan, M. Bhuvanesh Kumar, and K. Deepandurai. "A multi-objective optimization of the friction stir welding process using RSM-based-desirability function approach for joining aluminum alloy 6063-T6 pipes." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 62, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 1117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-020-02542-2.

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41

Irshad Wani, Manisa, and Abhishek Sanjay Shinde. "STEADY STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS OF PERFORATED HONEYCOMBPLATE FIN HEAT SINKS USING ANSYS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 07 (July 31, 2022): 719–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15091.

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Heat sink or heat exchanger is a passive cooling device used in electronic components to prolong their longevity, performance and reliability. All electronic components utilize current for the operational purposes and thus become prone to sharp increase in the temperature. The generated heat above the operating level becomes critical in-terms of failure component and hence, appropriate thermal management demands come into act. Finned or extended surface heat sinks are used to cool power electronic devices and components. The comparative results of plate-fin forms on the thermal performance of the heat-sink with inline arrangement is analyzed in this paper. Four forms of fins: Rectangular, One-side tapered, Inverted T section and I section with and without honeycomb perforations are designed on SOLIDWORKSÂ® and analysed using ANSYSÂ® software to identify a cooling solution for a CPU in terms of temperature and directional heat flux along x, y and z directions. The aluminium alloy 6063-T6 and natural graphite are selected as a base plate and fin materials respectively. The main objective of this paper is to contribute to this improving area of research by studying the effect of honeycomb perforations of plate fin heat sinks under natural convection using steady state thermal analysis at a constant heat flow of 20W and 40W in two different cases with air inlet temperature taken as 37.85Â° C. A total of 16 specimen were analysed. 8 specimen of plate fin heat sinks without perforations were compared with the rest 8 specimen with honeycomb perforations. It was evaluated from both the cases that inverted T sectional fin with perforations provided an improvement in thermal efficiency and better heat flux removal results among other plate fin profiles where as in terms of density and cost trade-offs one side perforated tapered fin outperformed other fins.

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42

T., Senthilnathan, Sujay Aadithya B., and Balachandar K. "Prediction of mechanical properties and optimization of process parameters in friction-stir-welded dissimilar aluminium alloys." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 4 (May 28, 2020): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-01-2020-0019.

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Purpose This study aims to predict the mechanical properties such as equivalent tensile strength and micro-hardness of friction-stir-welded dissimilar aluminium alloy plates AA 6063-O and AA 2014-T6, using artificial neural network (ANN). Design/methodology/approach The ANN model used for the experiment was developed through back propagation algorithm. The input parameter of the model consisted of tool rotational speed and weld-traverse speed whereas the output of the model consisted of mechanical properties (tensile strength and hardness) of the joint formed by friction-stir welding (FSW) process. The ANN was trained for 60% of the experimental data. In addition, the impact of the process parameters (tool rotational speed and weld-traverse speed) on the mechanical properties of the joint was determined by Taguchi Grey relational analysis. Findings Subsequently, testing and validation of the ANN were done using experimental data, which were not used for training the network. From the experiment, it was inferred that the outcomes of the ANN are in good agreement with the experimental data. The result of the analyses showed that the tool rotational speed has more impact than the weld-traverse speed. Originality/value The developed neural network can be used to predict the mechanical properties of the weld. Results indicate that the network prediction is similar to the experiment results. Overall regression value computed for training, validation and testing is greater than 0.9900 for both tensile strength and microhardness. In addition, the percentage error between experimental and predicted values was found to be minimal for the mechanical properties of the weldments. Therefore, it can be concluded that ANN is a potential tool for predicting the mechanical properties of the weld formed by FSW process. Similarly, the results of Taguchi Grey relational analysis can be used to optimize the process parameters of the weld process and it can be applied extensively to ascertain the most prominent factor. The results of which indicates that rotational speed of 1,270 rpm and traverse speed of 30 mm/min are to be the optimized process parameters. The result also shows that tool rotational speed has more impact on the mechanical properties of the weld than that of traverse speed.

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43

Johansson, Magnus, Magnus Hörnqvist, and Birger Karlsson. "Influence of Temperature and Strain Rate on the Plastic Deformation of Two Commercial High Strength Al Alloys." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.841.

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In the present study the influence of strain rate and temperature on the behaviour of two commercial aluminium alloys, 6063-T6 and 7030-T6, was investigated. Both alloys are high strength precipitation hardened alloys that are expected to have low strain rate and temperature sensitivity. Tensile tests were performed at room temperature at strain rates ranging from 10-4 to 102 s-1, and at -40°C and +60°C at strain rates of 10-4 and 10-1 s-1, due to equipment limitations. Both alloys showed low but positive strain rate sensitivity at all temperatures. Also the temperature sensitivity was low, showing negative values in all cases. The dependence of the flow stress on temperature was more pronounced than the strain rate dependence. The area reduction at fracture was higher in 6063 than 7030, although the uniform elongation was larger in 7030. 6063 showed almost no strain rate dependence of the ductility and a limited reduction with increased temperature. 7030 showed markedly increasing area reduction with increasing temperature and decreasing values with increasing strain rate. The energy absorption was higher in 7030 by a factor of approximately three.

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44

Wang, Lei, Jian Jun Zhu, Wei Zhang, Xing Mei Feng, and Zhan Ying Feng. "Study of Friction Stir Welding Technics and Weld Performance of Dissimilar 6063-3A21 Aluminum Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 1095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.1095.

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Several rotating rates and welding speeds were chosen to joint 6063/3A21 dissimilar aluminum alloys, tensile strength of the welds were measured to analyze effect of welding parameters on weld performance. Results show that tensile strength of the weld is better than the base material. Weld tensile strength will decrease under a too high or too low welding speed while effect of rotating rate on weld strength is relatively small. The weakest position is at heat affected zone at 3A21 side after T6 post weld heat treatment.

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45

Alzaidy, Baker, and Baker Muthanna Abod. "Fatigue Life Prediction of AA6063-T6 under Erosion Condition." Materials Science Forum 1021 (February 2021): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1021.87.

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The study of fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy 6063 exposed to periodic fatigue stresses was studied in laboratory conditions under the two conditions of the presence of the first indentation in the first test, then the presence of the phenomenon of erosion in the second test resulting from the projection of pure water Jet on samples of the same metal used in The first test. The purpose of these tests was to estimate the practical life of these samples and the resulting accumulation by using upward and downward variable stresses. A mathematical model was built to calculate the life of the samples in the above conditions, and the results of the estimated life of the samples calculated by the model showed a large convergence with the results of the estimated life of the samples practically calculated. So this mathematical model can be used to estimate the life of samples made of different minerals under these same conditions, after knowing the (S-N) curve for each metal and the amount of the value of the fatigue notch factor (Kf), which can be calculated from special tables without referring to performing practical tests for them.

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46

Laurito-Nascimento, Denise F., Ana Márcia Barbosa da Silva Antunes, Carlos Antonio Reis Pereira Baptista, José Célio Dias, and Angelo Souza. "Low Cycle and Multiaxial Fatigue Behavior of Three Al-Mg-Si Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1335.

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Al-Mg-Si alloys (6xxx series) are medium strength structural alloys, with good corrosion resistance, good weldability and high damping capacity. They represent a high volumetric fraction of extruded aluminium alloys which are produced for commercial use and have been increasingly applied in the automotive industry. For structural materials, the fatigue strength is the most important factor to ensure a long-term reliability. Engineering structures such as aircrafts and automobiles usually undergo complex multiaxial loadings, which lead to changes of the principal stresses and strains directions in components during a loading cycle. In this study, fatigue tests were performed in three Al-Mg-Si alloys, namely AA 6005, AA 6351 and AA 6063, tempered and aged for the T6 condition. A comparative study was undertaken by assessing their Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) properties and multiaxial fatigue behaviour using round smooth specimens. Strain-controlled fully reversed axial loadings and distinct combinations of axial-torsional fully reversed stress cycles, including in-phase and 90o out-of-phase loadings were adopted for the tests. The collected data are discussed in relation to some well-known multiaxial fatigue models.

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47

Espezua, Sandro V. P., Carlos Antonio Reis Pereira Baptista, Ana Márcia Barbosa da Silva Antunes, Viktor Pastoukhov, and Marcelo A. S. Torres. "Study of Fatigue Crack Growth in Al-Mg-Si Alloys Using a Predictive Model under Positive and Negative Load Ratios." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1785.

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The study of fatigue crack growth (FCG) is aimed at residual life estimations in order to apply the damage tolerant criterion. Usual approaches are based on semi-empirical models that consider the stress intensity factor range of fracture mechanics,ΔK, as the governing driving force for crack propagation. An alternative approach is the use of predictive theoretical schemes arising from damage mechanics. Although they havent achieved a reliability level high enough to be used in design, predictive models may be important in some situations like material selection. In the present work, a predictive FCG method based on the cumulative damage of volume elements along the crack path is employed. The development of the work includes considerations about the stress distribution in the cracked body and the stress-life and strain-life relations used in the computational procedure. A previously developed analytical expression for the stress distribution ahead of the crack in a finite width plate, based on the numerical analysis performed by the Finite Element Method, is used in the predictive method. The stress field is determined for both upper and lower limits of cyclic loadings. The fatigue crack growth behavior of three Al-Mg-Si alloys: AA 6005, AA 6351 and AA 6063, tempered and aged for the T6 condition, was analysed for positive and negative R-ratios. In order to check the model results, constant amplitude FCG tests with load ratios ±0,5 were carried out in M(T) specimens. The experimental results, compared to the computational simulations, show that it is possible to obtain predictions of FCG behaviour for both positive and negative load ratios.

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48

Zhu, Ximing. "Effect of post-welding coating process on the organization and properties of MIG-welded T-joints of 6063-T6 aluminum alloy." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, August 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amns.2023.2.00123.

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Abstract With the rapid development of the precision industry, aluminum alloy structural parts have been widely used. However, in the welding process of aluminum alloy, there are problems such as welding deformation and weld tumor defects due to the special physical characteristics of aluminum alloy. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on 6063-T6 aluminum alloy as the research object to analyze the effect of the coating process on the organizational properties of MIG welded T-joints of 6063-T6 aluminum alloy. First, based on the Simufact welding finite element analysis platform, the establishment of a three-dimensional welding simulation model, the simulation calculations and test results for comparison, the peak temperature and temperature change trend of each measurement point between the two. Secondly, according to the T-joint welding process, welding numerical simulation of 6063-T6 aluminum alloy rear compartment structural parts to obtain the rear compartment assembly welding residual stress is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of the weld. Finally, the impact of welding current on the organization and properties of T-shaped welded joints of 6063-T6 aluminum alloy was discussed. The results show that the coating process has a good strengthening effect on the mechanical properties of welded joints. Compared with the pre-coating process, the welded joint tensile strength increased by 14.93%, and the welding coefficient of 73% of the parent material heat-affected zone microhardness increased by 21.82% compared to the pre-coating process. In this paper, the finite element theory of the coating process and MIG welding, T-joint organization between the found welding heat-affected zone after the coating process can make Mg, and Si atoms continue to be enriched, and mechanical properties strength is enhanced.

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Vikram, Nirpesh, and Raghuvir Kumar. "STUDY OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN 6063-T6 ALUMINUM ALLOY." Independent Journal of Management & Production 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v6i4.343.

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50

Kiran, D. S. Sai Ravi, Sanapala Sri Ram, Tangeti Bhaskararao, Boddu Eswar Venkat Sai, Kari Suraj Kumar, and Duvvi Veera Venkata Pavan Kumar. "Multiple Response Optimization of machining parameters on turning of AA 6063 T6 aluminum alloy which established on Taguchi L9 orthogonal array coupled with Grey relational analysis." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, June 18, 2021, 974–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst2183205.

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Анотація:

With numerous responses established on Taguchi L9, orthogonal array coupled with current work proposes a novel methodology for optimizing machining parameters on turning of AA 6063 T6 aluminum alloy. Experimental assessments are accomplished on AA 6063 T6 aluminum alloy. Turning trails are carried out under dry cutting conditions using an uncoated carbide insert. Cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are optimized in this effort while numerous responses such as surface roughness(Ra) and material removal rate are taken into consideration (MRR). From the grey analysis, a grey relational grade(GRG) is calculated. The optimal amounts of parameters have been identified based on the values of grey relational grade, and then ANOVA is used to determine the significant influence of parameters. To authenticate the test result, a confirmation test is executed. The result of the experiments shows that by using this method. the turning process responses can be significantly improved.

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