Дисертації з теми "Aircraft's safety"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Aircraft's safety.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Aircraft's safety".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Blum, Scott C. "Aircraft automation policy implications for aviation safety." Thesis, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10259459.
Анотація:
Since the first aircraft accident was attributed to the improper use of automation technology in 1996, the aviation community has recognized that the benefits of flight deck technology also have negative unintended consequences from both the technology itself and the human interaction required to implement and operate it. This mixed methods study looks at the relationship of technology to the severity of aircraft mishaps and the policy implications resulting from those relationships in order to improve safety of passenger carrying aircraft in the United States National Airspace System. U.S. mishap data from the National Transportation Safety Board and the Aviation Safety Reporting System was collected covering aircraft mishaps spanning the last twenty years. An ordinal regression was used to determine which types of flight deck technology played a significant role in the severity of aircraft mishaps ranging from minor to catastrophic. Using this information as a focal point, a qualitative analysis was undertaken to analyze the mechanisms for that impact, the effect of existing policy guidance relating to the use of technology, and the common behaviors not addressed by policy that provide a venue to address aviation safety. Some areas of current policy were found to be effective, while multiple areas of opportunity for intervention were uncovered at the various levels of aircraft control including the organizational, the supervisory, the preparatory, and the execution level that suggest policy adjustments that may be made to reduce incidence of control failure caused by cockpit automation.
2
Vauchel, Nicolas. "Estimation des indices de Sobol à l'aide d'un métamodèle multi-éléments : application à la dynamique du vol." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN008.
Анотація:
La thèse s'intéresse à une problématique concrète de sécurité des aéronefs. Le domaine de vol post-décroché est un domaine aérodynamiquement complexe où l'écoulement autour des surfaces portantes (ailes et gouvernes) peut présenter de fortes instabilités et peut être partiellement ou massivement décollé. Dans ce domaine de vol, atteignable de façon accidentelle ou volontaire (avions d'entraînement ou de voltige), les moyens de contrôle usuels sont moins efficaces, voire totalement inefficaces, ce qui peut mettre en danger le pilote et ses potentiels passagers. Le travail de recherche s'intéresse à la détermination des prévisions de vol dans le domaine de vol post-décroché, ainsi qu'à leurs dépendances aux structures de modèles utilisées pour les coefficients aérodynamiques et aux incertitudes des données expérimentales sur lesquelles ce modèle repose. La dynamique du mouvement de l'avion est régie par un système dynamique d'équations différentielles ordinaires autonomes non linéaires. Dans ces équations, les effets du fluide sur l'aéronef apparaissent par le biais des coefficients aérodynamiques globaux, qui sont les forces et les moments adimensionnés appliqués par le fluide sur l'aéronef. Ces coefficients dépendent de façon non-linéaire d'un grand nombre de variables, dont la géométrie de l'aéronef, sa vitesse et sa vitesse de rotation par rapport à la Terre, ainsi que des caractéristiques de l'écoulement qui l'entoure. Pour chaque coefficient, un modèle de représentation ayant une certaine structure est déterminé pour décrire ces dépendances complexes. Ce modèle s'appuie sur des données expérimentales recueillies sur des maquettes de taille réduite, les données de vol libre sur avion réel étant trop coûteuses et trop risquées à collecter dans le domaine post-décroché. Une autre piste pour l'établissement de ces bases serait d'utiliser des données venant de calculs numériques. Néanmoins, le caractère instationnaire et complexe de l'écoulement autour de la géométrie 3D de l'aéronef semble rendre les simulations trop coûteuses en terme de temps de calcul pour le moment, même si des études récentes explorent cette direction de recherche. Les modèles utilisés dans le cadre de notre étude sont bâtis exclusivement sur des données expérimentales. Dans le système dynamique, les coefficients aérodynamiques globaux sont évalués par interpolation dans ces tables de données d'après la structure du modèle choisie. De par la nécessité de sélectionner une structure simplificatrice du modèle de représentation des coefficients aérodynamiques globaux, ces modèles sont lacunaires. De plus, ils sont entachés d'incertitudes dues au caractère intrinsèque des expériences. Ces lacunes et ces incertitudes vont impacter les résultats des prévisions de vol. L'objectif initial de la thèse est d'étudier ces impacts.Lors des travaux de thèse, de nouveaux objectifs scientifiques ont émergé. En premier lieu, une nouvelle méthode multi-éléments basée sur des méthodes modernes d'apprentissage automatique est développée. Les méthodes multi-éléments sont des méthodes qui ont été développées pour pallier au manque de précision des polynômes du chaos en présence de discontinuités. En second lieu, une formule analytique reliant les indices de sensibilité de Sobol aux coefficients d'un métamodèle multi-éléments est démontrée. Ces méthodes sont ainsi utilisées dans le cas de la dynamique du vol pour répondre à l'objectif initial de la thèse. Les nombreuses bifurcations que possède le système dynamique du vol peuvent se traduire par des irrégularités et/ou des discontinuités dans l'évolution des variables d'état par rapport aux paramètres incertains. Les méthodes d'analyse de sensibilité et de quantification d'incertitude développées sont alors de bonnes candidates pour effectuer l'analyse du systèmeThe thesis is addressing a concrete issue on aircrafts safety. The post-stall flight domain is a complex flight domain where flows around an airfoil may be highly unstable and massively stalled. In this domain, which can be reached on purpose or accidentally, usual controls are less efficient or completely inefficient, which can endanger the pilot and its passengers. The thesis is about the determination of the flight predictions in the post-stall flight domain, their dependences to the selected model structure and about the uncertainties of the experimental data the model relies on. The dynamic of the motion of the aircraft is governed by a dynamic system of ordinary non-linear differential equations. In these equations, the effects from the fluid on the aircraft are traduced by the global aerodynamic coefficients, the dimensionless forces and moments applied by the fluid on the aircraft. These coefficients depend on a high number of variables in a non-linear fashion. Among these variables are the geometry of the aircraft, its velocity and its rotation rates compared to earth, and characteristics of the surrounding flow. A representation model having a selected structure is determined for every aerodynamic coefficient, in order to represent these complex dependences. This model rely on experimental data obtained on a scale model, free flight data on a real aircraft being too expensive and too risky to get in the post-stall domain. Another way of obtaining data would be to use computational simulations. Nevertheless, the complex and unsteady flows around the 3D geometry of the aircraft makes the simulation too expensive with the current ressources, even if some recent studies begin to explore this direction of research. The selected models in the thesis are built on experimental data only. In the dynamic system, the global aerodynamic coefficients are evaluated by interpolation in these databases according to the selected model structure. The fact of selecting a simplified structure of the model makes it deficient. Moreover, as these models rely on experimental data, they are uncertain. The gaps and the uncertainties of the model have some impacts on the flight predictions. The initial objective of the thesis is therefore to study these impacts.During the thesis, new scientific objectives appeared, objectives going beyond the scope of Flight Dynamics. First, a new multi-element surrogate model for Uncertainty Quantification based on modern Machine learning methods is developed. Multi-element surrogate models were developed to address the loss of accuracy of Polynomial Chaos model in presence of discontinuities. Then, a formula linking the sensitivity Sobol indices to the coefficient of a multi-element surrogate model is derived. These results are used in the case of Flight Dynamics in order to address the issue raised in the initial objective of the thesis. The numerous bifurcations of the dynamic system can be traduced by discontinuities and/or irregularities in the evolution of the state variables compared to the uncertain parameters. The methods of Sensitivity Analysis and of Uncertainty Quantification developed in the thesis are therefore good candidates to analyse the system
3
Earl, Laurie. "Enhancing Aircraft Safety through Observations and Pilot Verbalisations." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/371945.
Анотація:
Safety in complex work environments is often an area of focus in the research community. Aviation is a multi-faceted field, but it remains one of the safest work environments in the world. For instance, despite passenger numbers increasing worldwide over many decades, the year 2013, when 3.1 billion passengers flew worldwide, is the safest year on record for aviation (Aviation Safety Network, 2017). That year resulted in only 29 fatal crashes and 265 deaths – one per 11,501,886 miles flown. Despite these impressive statistics, every disaster affects the lives of many people and attracts the attention of the general public, who demand answers. As a result, aviation has continually sought to discover new methods for increasing safety.
Early in the twentieth century, when aviation was developing as an industry, accidents were decreasing steadily due to technical improvements, such as advances in aircraft structures and materials, aerodynamics, and systems. In the 1970s, as safety improvements plateaued, the link between human error and aviation accidents became increasingly apparent. This was emphasised in 1977, when 583 people were killed in a collision between two aircraft on a runway in Tenerife. The collision was found to have been the result of poor decision-making and miscommunication by pilots. In the aftermath of the crash, the Royal Dutch Airline KLM (the main protagonist) created the KLM Human Factors Programme. Recognising the part humans play in safety, the purpose of this programme is to improve communication and resource management skills among pilots.
In an ongoing effort to improve safety, the aviation industry continues to develop more initiatives based on “human in the cockpit” principles, both in design and in operation. One such strategy is the Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA). Developed in the 1990s at the University of Texas, the goal of this initiative is to audit pilots’ behaviour during normal flight operations for the purpose of improving air safety. It is a methodology whereby observers sit in aircraft flight decks and unobtrusively monitor pilots’ communications, the threats they face, the errors they make, and how they mitigate these threats and errors. In other words, it is a snapshot of pilot responses to factors impacting safety in normal flights as opposed to a line check by an examiner, where pilots display “angel behaviour” during a flight assessment. Many commercial airlines now use LOSA in their multi-crew operations in order to identify any patterns in behaviour, communication or systems that may need to be changed to improve aviation safety.
Whilst commercial aviation generally has a very good safety record, single-pilot operations lag considerably behind, therefore safety in single-pilot operations needs to be further investigated. Past initiatives for improving the safety of single-pilot operations have been less than successful, so new and innovative approaches must be considered. To date, LOSA has not been used in single-pilot operations, and no studies have investigated its applicability in the single-pilot context. This thesis examines the possibility of adapting the LOSA methodology into the single pilot environment, a variation here known as LOSA:SP.
The first study conducted for this thesis by the author, implemented the LOSA methodology with pilots working for an emergency services company in Australia. It was clear from the study that the threat and error conceptual framework and observational methodology that are key elements of LOSA were applicable to these single-pilot operations. The results initially supported the view that with minor modifications, the LOSA methodology may be applied to single-pilot operations. In the LOSA:SP study, when pilots were observed to talk aloud during flight, it was referred to as verbalisation. During the study, it became apparent that some pilots used verbalisation as a method for improving their cognitive performance. Further, this verbalisation actually assisted the unobtrusive observers during the LOSA:SP study because it made available to the observers the process of how the pilots’ reached certain decisons. This is significant because two-pilot crews normally discuss their reasoning and decision-making out loud to each other, but this form of verbalisation does not always occur in single-pilot flights.
For verbalisation to be viable in the single-pilot environment, limitations must be considered, including safety. A further study was conducted using transcripts and data from a current research project exploring verbalisation in multi-crew operations under simulator conditions. The research aim was to examine the viability of verbalising during different workload phases of flight, such as taxi, take-off, and landing. A method consisting of both concurrent and retrospective verbalisation was used to examine a captain and first officer (second in command) over two simulated flights. The pilots were asked to verbalise during simulated scenarios, and each simulation was audio-visually recorded. Soon afterwards, the pilots were shown these recordings in a separate debriefing room and asked to comment on their performance. Special attention was paid to verbalisations made during three different degrees of workload: low, medium, and high. A total of five overall themes emerged from this study. The most significant were that pilots said that verbalisations during periods of low and medium workload assisted them with their cognitive processes, but verbalisations during periods of high workload were minimal and were perceived by pilots as interfering with their tasks. This second study suggested two findings: that safety could be compromised if pilots were forced to verbalise under periods of high workload and that retrospective verbalisation (or debriefings) were extremely helpful in gaining context supporting thoughts and actions that allowed participants to realise and learn from mistakes and good practices.
To determine whether these findings were applicable to SPO, a third study, in the form of a literature review and thematic analysis of LinkedIn data and Focus Group transcripts was undertaken. This study identified that verbalisation is used by many single pilots and flight instructors as a means of enhancing cognitive ability. Yet mulit-crew operators had significantly different views, believing that verbalisation was less useful. Additionally, the literature review uncovered many other applications of verbalisation in other transport and safety conscious industries. The LinkedIn data and Focus Group correspondents also gave opinions on the viability of the LOSA methodology for single pilot operations resulting in a wide variety of discussion.
In discussing these results in relation to the application of LOSA in a single-pilot environment, several considerations are suggested in this thesis. One is that the value of verbalisation depends on the situation in which it is used. Another important factor to consider is the familiarity pilots have with verbalisation and how comfortable they are verbalising. Requiring a pilot to verbalise for the purpose of a LOSA:SP may reduce pilot performance in high workload scenarios (with obvious safety consequences). This limits complete transferability of the LOSA methodology to single-pilot operations, where having access to pilot thought processes is fundamental. However, retrospective debriefing may be a useful technique for regaining some of the merits of LOSA:SP as a safety intervention. The willingness of a company to introduce a LOSA seems to suggest an increased awareness of safety, which can only be positive and many respondents found success in adaptations of the methodology to certain routes or conditions. Even without cross-talk between crews, LOSA:SP has sufficient merit for industry to be interested in replicating it.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School Educ & Professional Studies
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
4
Acar, Erdem. "Aircraft structural safety effects of explicit and implicit safety measures and uncertainty reduction mechanisms /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015222.
5
Yeun, Richard Chee Kin. "The Impact of Safety Management Systems on Safety Performance: Commercial Aviation Operations." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367145.
Анотація:
Aviation is a complex and safety-critical industry. Although the aviation system is one that cannot be completely free of hazards and associated risks, the final goal is always the elimination of aircraft accidents and/or serious incidents. Because there are no guarantees that human activities or human-built systems will be completely free from operational errors and their consequences, safety has to be a dynamic characteristic of the aviation system where risks to safety need to be constantly mitigated.
The acceptabilit y of safety performance is frequently predisposed by domestic as well as international norms and culture. Provided safety risks are kept under an appropriate level, the aviation system can be expected to maintain the appropriate balance between production and protection. Previous research has shown that organisations with a certified safety management system (SMS) had significantly lower accident rates (Thomas, 2012). However, there was no agreement about which SMS components individually contributed most to safety performance, as well as a general lack of consistency in terms of which SMS elements most affected safety performance.
Therefore, this study seeks to determine the impact of SMSs on safety performance for commercial aviation operations using two case studies. The first case study looks at SMSs within the general aviation/charter operation sector while the second case study reviews SMSs for the airline sector of the industry. This study starts with a review of the evolution of aviation safety, and of the approaches taken to implement, improve and enhance safet y in safety-critical industries such as aviation, nuclear, marine, rail and petrochemical. Variations were identified between the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) SMS model and the models adopted by some ICAO member states. The experience of implementing an SMS in Australia for regular public transport or airline-type operations was reviewed by this study together with a review of the independent Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) post-SMS implementation audit to seek out lessons learnt and recommendations for continuous improvements.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Natural Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
6
Braithwaite, Graham R. "Australian aviation safety : a systemic investigation and case study approach." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6881.
Анотація:
Aviation represents a complex socio-technical system in which a strong emphasis is placed upon safe operation. Advances in this area have traditionally been reactive following particular incidents or accidents. As the traditional accident causes (predominantly technical engineering factors) have become better understood, the need for proactive solutions to counteract the increasing proportion of human performance related accidents has grown. This thesis proposes and utilises case-study research methodology to examine the reasons behind Australia's good record for airline safety. At the time of writing, no lives have been lost in an Australian jet passenger aircraft accident. The methodology is designed to advance the application of systemic safety investigation in order to avoid the traditional "primary-cause focussed safety investigations" which are generally used following accidents. Having established the safety record for commercial jet RPT (regular public transport) operations to be above average, a number of factors which may have an effect on that record are reviewed. The analysis is divided into three main sections, namely the human, operational and natural environments. Evidence used comes from a variety of sources so as to ensure validity. Data collection methods included primary data obtained through expert witness interviews and attitude surveys of 2,600 Australian and British flight crew and air traffic controllers. Secondary data came from extensive literature reviews which have attempted to bring together existing micro-level research work in a systems context. Initial conclusions point to the existence of a number of natural environment factors which are perceived to have a major effect on flight safety. However, deeper examination has suggested that there are a number of cultural factors within the human and operational environments which exist at professional, corporate, industry and national levels. These have contributed to the quality and quantity of risk countermeasures which have been instrumental in creating the good safety record. This thesis explores the importance of these influences and how they may be changing in the current and future aviation environment.
7
Macey, P. "Probabilistic risk assessment modelling for passenger aircraft fire safety." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4260.
Анотація:
This thesis describes the development
of a computer simulation model
for the
investigation
of airliner
fire
accident safety.
The
aim of the work
has been to create a computer-based analysis tool that generates
representative aircraft accident scenarios and then simulates their outcome
in terms of
passenger injuries
and
fatalities. The details
of the accident scenarios are
formulated
to closely match the type of events that are
known to have
occurred
in
aircraft
accidents over the last 40
years.
This information has been obtained
by
compiling a
database
and undertaking
detailed
analysis of approximately
200
airliner
fire
accidents. In
addition to utilising
historical data, the modelling work
has incorporated
many of the key findings
obtained
from
experimental research undertaken
by the
world's air safety community.
An
unusual
feature of the simulation process is that all critical aspects of the accident
scenario have been analysed and catered for in the formative
stages of the programme
development. This has
enabled complex effects, such as cabin crash
disruption,
impact trauma injuries, fire
spread, smoke
incapacitation
and passenger evacuation to
be
simulated
in
a
balanced and
integrated manner.
The
study
is intended to further the general appreciation and understanding of the
complex events that lead to fatalities in
aircraft
fire
accidents.
This is
achieved
by
analysing all contributory
factors that are
likely to arise
in
real
fire
accident scenarios
and undertaking quantitative risk assessment through the use of novel simulation
methods. Future development
of the research could potentially enable the undertaking
of a systematic exploration and appraisal of the effectiveness of
both
current and
future
aircraft
fire
safety policies.
8
Knife, S. "Propulsion system safety analysis methodology for commercial transport aircraft." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4256.
Анотація:
Airworthiness certification of commercial transport aircraft requires a
safety analysis of the propulsion system to establish that the probability of a
failure jeopardising the safety of the aeroplane is acceptably low. The
needs and desired features of such a propulsion system safety analysis are
discussed, and current techniques and assumptions employed in such
analyses are evaluated. It is concluded that current assumptions and
techniques are not well suited to predicting behaviour of the propulsion
system in service. The propulsion accident history of the high bypass ratio
commercial transport fleet is reviewed and an alternate approach to
propulsion system safety analysis is developed, based on this accident
history. Features of the alternate approach include quantified prediction of
propulsion related crew error, engine-level reliability growth modelling to
realistically predict engine failure rates, and quantified credit for design
features which mitigate the effects of propulsion system failures. The
alternate approach is validated by applying it to two existing propulsion
systems. It is found to produce forecasts in good agreement with service
experience. Use of the alternate approach to propulsion system safety
analysis during design and development will enable accurate prediction of
the expected propulsion related accident rate and identification of
opportunities to reduce the accident rate by incorporating mitigating
features into the propulsion system/ aeroplane design.
9
Prescott, Darren Richard. "Safety modelling for the time limited dispatch of aircraft." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12235.
Анотація:
Time-limited dispatch (TLO) allows aircraft to dispatch with known faults present in the engine control systems. These systems govern the thrust control of engines and, in order for a TLO scheme to be certified, the failure rates to loss of thrust control (LOTC) must lie within or below prescribed bounds. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to develop a tool that could be used to model the time-limited dispatch (TLO) of aircraft and compare this with currently recommended techniques for modelling TLO. Currently techniques for modelling TLO require the failure rates to LOTC from various dispatchable system configurations, i.e. system configurations where a number of faults are present. These rates determine how long the system may be dispatched with certain faults present and also a failure rate to LOTC can be computed for the whole system. A number of approximations are used within the models, intended to make them simple to use. The concern is that these approximations might not accurately model the system behaviour and that the results obtained might as a consequence be unreliable. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was identified as an analysis method that could deal with the intricacies and complexities involved in the application of TLD. Software, written in C++, allowed TLO to be modelled using MCS. Full use was made of the flexibility of MCS and many TLO maintenance scenarios were considered as the code was developed. The MCS code was written in such a way that all failure rates to LOTC, i.e. those representing the system LOTC and the dispatchable fault LOTC rates, would be produced as outputs. Results obtained using the developed software and the currently recommended techniques were compared. Finally, the MCS code was embedded within an optimisation procedure in order to demonstrate how such a tool could be used in the design process for a system. A simple genetic algorithm procedure was employed to carry out this optimisation process.
10
Gibbons, Blake. "Safety Management Systems (SMS) for aircraft manufacturers and maintainers?" Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9213.
Анотація:
There is much dialogue in the global aviation industry about Safety Management Systems (SMS) and how it should be integrated across all domains of the industry including aircraft design, production, flight operations, overhaul and maintenance, suppliers, service providers, airports, and so forth (Johnson, 2012).
Regulators have made significant progress in recent years to implement ICAO’s SMS into airlines, albeit as a required or recommended practice. More recently the regulators are seeking to implement SMS into the aircraft manufacturing and aircraft maintenance domains.
This research reviewed regulatory publications from multiple countries to assess the technical makeup of SMS, and understand what regulators are requiring, or recommending, and when. It was found that global regulators accept the ICAO published definition of SMS, but different regulators have varying approaches regarding implementation. However, they are consistent in initially targeting airlines for SMS implementation. SMS comments range from “The best thing since sliced bread” to “Worst thing since the creation of the FAA; I don’t need anyone telling me what’s safe when I already know it; waste of time and money”.
This investigation experimented with field tests to connect the engineering, production and airline domains into one ICAO SMS model. Results indicate that because the different domains are risk-specific, the application of one safety risk management model to all domains is not viable. The SMS model applies to airlines because airlines’ primary risk is about operational safety. Aircraft production and maintenance is about production risk – therefore the risk model must be centric to process risk. Field test 3 tailored the ICAO SMS risk architecture to assess and mitigate process risk as applicable to the aircraft manufacturing and maintenance. Although the SMS architecture was usable, the content and focus was significantly adjusted to be production process-risk centric, to the point where the term “SMS’ was deemed out of place. The resulting model was therefore named Production Risk Management System (PRMS).
Following the emergence of PRMS from field tests, this investigation reviewed industry, research and regulatory arguments for and against SMS in the airline industry, and correlated those arguments with the benefits and non-benefits of PRMS for the manufacturing and aircraft maintenance domains.
The researcher advocates PRMS as a viable model that meets ICAO SMS-like architecture for aircraft production and maintenance. Methods were identified for developing and implementing PRMS, and for evaluating its ROI. If and when “SMS” is truly mandated in these domains, the researcher proposes PRMS as a viable model that should be considered. Furthermore, the researcher proposes that PRMS can be an effective production risk management system that can enhance the organization’s existing QMS, regardless of “SMS” regulations.
11
Chu, Liu. "Reliability and optimization, application to safety of aircraft structures." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0008/document.
Анотація:
Les chercheurs dans le domaine de la conception aérodynamique et de la fabrication des avions ont fait beaucoup d'effort pour améliorer les performances des ailes par des techniques d'optimisation. Le développement de la mécanique des fluides numérique a permis de réduire les dépenses en soufflerie tout en fournissant des résultats convaincants pour simuler des situations compliquées des aéronefs. Dans cette thèse, il a été choisi une partie spéciale et importante de l'avion, à savoir, la structure de l'aile. L'optimisation basée sur la fiabilité est une méthode plus appropriée pour les structures sous incertitudes. Il se bat pour obtenir le meilleur compromis entre le coût et la sécurité tout en tenant compte des incertitudes du système en intégrant des mesures de fiabilité au sein de l'optimisation. Malgré les avantages de l'optimisation de la fiabilité en fonction, son application à un problème d'ingénierie pratique est encore assez difficile. Dans notre travail, l'analyse de l'incertitude dans la simulation numérique est introduite et exprimée par la théorie des probabilités. La simulation de Monte Carlo comme une méthode efficace pour propager les incertitudes dans le modèle d'éléments finis de la structure est ici appliquée pour simuler les situations compliquées qui peuvent se produire. Pour améliorer l'efficacité de la simulation Monte Carlo dans le processus d'échantillonnage, la méthode de l'Hypercube Latin est effectuée. Cependant, l'énorme base de données de l'échantillonnage rend difficile le fait de fournir une évaluation explicite de la fiabilité. L'expansion polynôme du chaos est présentée et discutée. Le modèle de Kriging comme un modèle de substitution joue un rôle important dans l'analyse de la fiabilité. Les méthodes traditionnelles d'optimisation ont des inconvénients à cause du temps de calcul trop long ou de tomber dans un minimum local causant une convergence prématurée. Le recuit simulé est une méthode heuristique basée sur une recherche locale, les Algorithmes Génétiques puisent leur inspiration dans les principes et les mécanismes de la sélection naturelle, qui nous rendent capables d'échapper aux pièges des optimums locaux. Dans l'optimisation de la conception de base de la fiabilité, ces deux méthodes ont été mises en place comme procédure d'optimisation. La boucle de l'analyse de fiabilité est testée sur le modèle de substitutionTremendous struggles of researchers in the field of aerodynamic design and aircraft production were made to improve wing airfoil by optimization techniques. The development of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) in computer simulation cuts the expense of aerodynamic experiment while provides convincing results to simulate complicated situation of aircraft. In our work, we chose a special and important part of aircraft, namely, the structure of wing.Reliability based optimization is one of the most appropriate methods for structural design under uncertainties. It struggles to seek for the best compromise between cost and safety while considering system uncertainties by incorporating reliability measures within the optimization. Despite the advantages of reliability based optimization, its application to practical engineering problem is still quite challenging. In our work, uncertainty analysis in numerical simulation is introduced and expressed by probability theory. Monte Carlo simulation as an effective method to propagate the uncertainties in the finite element model of structure is applied to simulate the complicate situations that may occur. To improve efficiency of Monte Carlo simulation in sampling process, Latin Hypercube sampling is performed. However, the huge database of sampling is difficult to provide explicit evaluation of reliability. Polynomial chaos expansion is presented and discussed. Kriging model as a surrogate model play an important role in the reliability analysis.Traditional methods of optimization have disadvantages in unacceptable time-complexity or natural drawbacks of premature convergence because of finding the nearest local optima of low quality. Simulated Annealing is a local search-based heuristic, Genetic Algorithm draws inspiration from the principles and mechanisms of natural selection, that makes us capable of escaping from being trapped into a local optimum. In reliability based design optimization, these two methods were performed as the procedure of optimization. The loop of reliability analysis is running in surrogate model
12
Rodrigues, Beatriz de Melo. "Aircraft safety assessment process enhanced by human factors aspects." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2007. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1041.
Анотація:
Flight Safety is nowadays one of the concerns of global aviation community and is relevant to the survival of the aeronautical industry. In this context, expansion of human factors awareness presents a significant opportunity to make aviation safer, since the human / machine interface is a frequent source of error. This work analyzes the human interface with a specific aircraft system, i. e., the Gust Lock System of ERJ-145. The aim is to define a framework for developing a human error assessment process to mitigate the effects of human error, in the same way the system safety process mitigates the effects of system possible failures. From the system safety engineering standpoint, the human can be taken as part of the considered system. Then, functions that the human needs to perform in his interaction with the system can be identified. With this information, each human failure mode can be assessed critically and the human related failure effects along the system can be studied. This study can result in design changes or improvements that may minimize the effects of unacceptable human failure modes. Furthermore, it is discussed some points of the Safety Assessment conducted by EMBRAER, in order to identify possible deficiencies in the development of safety cases using classical safety analysis techniques as well as make suggestions for the enhancement of these techniques. According to this approach, an analysis of the calculation of the average probability per flight hour is condusted when there are latent events along the process. Besides, it is performed the sensitivity analysis of a component failure so as to identify technical bottlenecks and provide guidelines for effective actions to the system improvement. Finally, considerations regarding the susceptibility of each failure condition to human influence are also presented.
13
Melnyk, Richard V. "A framework for analyzing unmanned aircraft system integration into the national airspace system using a target level of safety approach." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47572.
Анотація:
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) represent a significant potential for growth in the aerospace industry. Their use in military operations has increased exponentially in the last decade alone, requiring a corresponding increase in training airspace in the United States. In addition to military usage, UAS have the potential to fulfill a myriad of roles for both the public and private sectors. However, the use of UAS has been limited in the National Airspace System (NAS) to military and public applications and only under fairly restrictive Certificates of Authorization or Waiver (COA). The only way to truly realize the potential of UAS is to fully integrate them into the NAS. The desire to integrate UAS was recently codified into law with the 2012 FAA Modernization Act, mandating integration by specific, fairly short timelines.
There are several challenges currently preventing the full integration of UAS that range from technological to procedural areas. However, the one common theme in all of these challenges is Safety. Across the literature on this topic there is no consensus on how safe UAS need to be to achieve integration, whether UAS can currently meet specified safety targets, and if not, what is the best way to achieve the safety goals.
The purpose of this effort was to demonstrate a comprehensive framework for analyzing UAS integration efforts using a Target Level of Safety (TLS) approach. Using reliability tools, aircraft encounter models, and data from a wide variety of sources ranging from manned aircraft safety, explosives, falling debris and earthquake damage, the primary outcome of the effort was a better understanding of the risk to second and third party persons as a result of UAS operations in the NAS.
This framework and associated models are validated using reliability and casualty data from manned aircraft operations. The framework is then applied to several relevant and specific cases to demonstrate the impact of policy decisions on UAS reliability and allowed operational areas. The supporting research and analysis can serve as a baseline for future integration analysis and decision-making efforts, and was designed to allow stakeholders and decision makers in this field to assess UAS safety, and set minimum system reliability requirements and mitigation system effectiveness standards.
14
Ruenruoy, Ratchada. "Passengers' perception of the safety demonstration on board an aircraft." Thesis, Middle Tennessee State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1588262.
Анотація:
The cabin safety demonstration on board an aircraft is one of the methods to provide safety information for passengers before aircraft takeoff. However, passengers' enthusiasm toward safety demonstrations is normally low. Therefore, the study of passengers' perception toward safety briefings on board an aircraft is important in increasing the safety awareness for the travelling public on commercial aircraft. A survey was distributed to measure the perceptions of Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) faculty and staff, Aerospace students, and international students who have traveled in the last year. It was generally found that watching the cabin safety demonstration before aircraft takeoff was believed to be important for passengers. However, the attention to the safety demonstration remained low because the safety briefings were not good enough in terms of clear communication, particularly in the recorded audio demonstration and the live safety demonstration methods of briefing.
15
Simmons, Martin Christopher. "Safety through novel dynamic pressure testing of aircraft structural panels." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417174.
16
Bacon, Duane Lee. "An Agile Framework to Develop Safety Critical Software for Aircraft." Thesis, State University of New York at Binghamton, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10981623.
Анотація:
Industries have been discovering significant improvements in quality, productivity, and cost by implementing Agile principles during the software development life cycle. However, the Aerospace industry has been slow to adopt Agile to develop safety critical software, primarily because DO-178C has been interpreted as prescribing Waterfall development(VanderLeest & Buter, 2009). This work introduces the advantages of Agile and posits that Agile can meet DO-178C considerations. A literature review conducted, herein, makes the case that Agile is a significantly better approach than Waterfall for software development. Further, the review outlines some of the challenges of Agile in large software development programs but indicates how these challenges can be addressed. This work provides an Agile framework and demonstrates how the framework meets the objectives of DO-178C for safety critical software development. The framework provides alternate approaches to some DO-178C development activities, such as Stages of Involvement. This analysis clearly demonstrates that DO-178C does not require a Waterfall approach and that safety critical software can and should be developed using more modern development approaches such as Agile.
17
Raimondo, Marialuigia. "Improving the aircraft safety by advanced structures and protecting nanofillers." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1480.
Анотація:
2012 - 2013Inspection and Maintenance are important aspects when considering the availability of aircraft for revenue flights. Modern airframe design is exploiting new exciting developments in materials and structures to construct ever more efficient air vehicle able to enable efficient maintenance. The improvement in the aircraft safety by advanced structures and protecting nanofillers is a revolutionary approach that should lead to the creation of novel generation of multifunctional aircraft materials with strongly desired properties and design flexibilities. In recent years, the development of new nanostructured materials has enabled an evolving shift from single purpose materials to multifunctional systems that can provide greater value than the base materials alone; these materials possess attributes beyond the basic strength and stiffness that typically drive the science and engineering of the material for structural systems. Structural materials can be designed to have integrated electrical, electromagnetic, flame resistance, and possibly other functionalities that work in synergy to provide advantages that reach beyond that of the sum of the individual capabilities. Materials of this kind have tremendous potential to impact future structural performance by reducing size, weight, cost, power consumption and complexity while improving efficiency, safety and versatility. It is a well-known fact that, actually, also a very advanced design of an aircraft has to take required inspection intervals into account. An aircraft with inherent protective abilities could help to significantly extend the inspection intervals, thereby increasing aircraft availability. The challenge in this research is to develop and apply a multifunctional composite for structural applications. The aim of this project is the formulation, preparation and characterization of structural thermosetting composites containing dispersed protective nanofillers. This project specifically targets composites tailored for multifunctional applications such as lightning strike protection, and flame resistance. These composites were designed to enable their application on next generation aircrafts. With regard to the objectives of this PhD project the multifunctional composite systems were developed with the aim of overcoming the following drawbacks of the composite materials: • reduced electrical conductivity; • poor flame resistance. The thermosetting material was projected considering compatibility criteria so that to integrate different functions into a material that is capable of bearing mechanical loads and serves as a structural material element. [edited by author]
XII n.s.
18
Іванівна, Харламова Тетяна. "THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER COMPETENCE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF AVIATION SAFETY REGULATIONS." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2014. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/11841.
Анотація:
This thesis is intended to serve as a guide for operation of a flight safety function within international safety organizations. This paper is specifically focused on the impact of European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Regulations as they are strongly applied to Aircraft Maintenance. The paper is intended on responsibilities for releasing Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License to sign off aircraft for flight. It also includes guidance to competency requirements of the Aircraft Maintenance Engineer.
19
Nam, G. W. "Development of safety and reliability prediction methodology for aircraft systems with common-cause failures." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11287.
Анотація:
A methodology has been developed for predicting aircraft safety and reliability incorporating both C.C.F.s(Common-Cause Failures), and phased missions. Failure behaviour of an aircraft, or its systems due to both independent failures and C.C.F.s are modelled by the Markov process, and simulated using Monte Carlo method with the robust variance reduction techniques. Prediction of safety and reliability is made through discrete-event simulation of aircraft operations. Validation was made by comparing the predicted safety and reliability results of B767 ETOPS aircraft propulsion system, using the developed methodology, to those obtained from the analysis of real operation data. The credibility and the accuracy of the developed methodology are shown through the comparison of results. A case study was conducted for investigating the safety and reliability of the propulsion system of two-, three- and four-engined aircraft using the developed methodology. The case study produced valuable results concerning the safety of ETOPS flight, which were not previously known. These results were able to be used for further trade studies of aircraft design to decide the number of engines, and also for establishing new regulations for ETOPS flights.
20
Rubenking, Brian Harold. "Market forces and aircraft safety: a daily stock market return analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45178.
Анотація:
The relationship between market forces and product safety in the context of the commercial passenger air travel market was investigated. The analysis was based on a detailed review of the events surrounding three airline accidents, each resulting in a substantial number of fatalities, and the subsequent investigations.
The presence or absence of statistically significant market impacts of the accidents on aircraft manufacturers and airlines was determined using a combination of event analysis and the market model of modern finance theory. For a period following each accident, daily and cumulative abnormal stock market returns (i.e., returns not explained by pre-accident market trends) were calculated for the three domestic commercial aircraft manufacturers, the airline involved, and the major airline carrier industry.
The results indicated that market forces exist that provide an incentive for manufacturers and airlines to devote resources to product safety, even though it is not possible for consumers to rationally evaluate the level of safety being provided, due to the inherent complexity of the products. The calculated market impacts generally conformed to expectations, in terms of sign and significance, and varied depending on the primary cause of a particular accident. However, the results with respect to the individual airlines involved in each accident did not support the hypotheses in several cases, indicating that other market, regulatory, or judicial factors may have had an impact on the calculated abnormal stock market returns.
A description of the background theory, the methodology used, and the detailed results is included.Master of Arts
21
Bond, Steven James. "Aircraft system safety : a new approach to assessing in-service performance." Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8471/.
Анотація:
Increasingly stringent equipment performance and reliability requirements are being specified to the aerospace industry by aircraft manufacturers, driven by the expectations of both certification authorities and operators. The reality is that aircraft system and equipment reliability in service can fail to meet the design expectations. This thesis details the problem areas within the current analysis process, describing the procedures currently in use and showing what can go wrong. It goes on to propose action that can be taken to ensure safety levels are maintained and details a new approach that is unique to this thesis. The author has devised a new System Safety Compliance Model (SSCM) for ensuring that aircraft system safety standards can be better maintained. Evolved from his earlier highly successful database system at TRW Lucas Aerospace, SSCM will be: - Demonstrably cost effective - A step change in process capability, offering "something new" - Instantly accessible at shop floor level to everyone in the business - Easy to use and as automated as possible to minimise staff training requirement - Capable of performing instant re-assessment of safety performance down to system level and including consideration of a variety of operating environments and conditions - The industry standard repository of component reliability data - "Centrally" owned by a world-wide recognised industry body SSCM is the first system to operate in such a way, and will ensure that the original system safety analysis performed at the design stage, is continually assessed for accuracy throughout its in-service life. If the new methods detailed in this thesis are adopted and acted upon, there is a high probability of a reduction in the risk of aircraft systematic failure in service, leading to increased safety in aviation. The model can be equally applied to other areas of transportations uch as railways.
22
Zorro, Sara Marques. "Pilots performance and flight safety: flight physiology in unpressurized aircraft cabins." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2002.
Анотація:
Light aviation pilots are exposed to many different environmental situations due to the nonpressurized and non-acclimatized aircraft cabin. Some of those variations can push the human body to some limits, which associated with psychological factors may culminate in incidentes or even fatalities. Actually, a literature review on this theme suggests that a significant part of the incidents and fatalities, within the light aviation that uses non-pressurized aircraft
cabins, are related to the human factor. This analysis might bring up a concealed but
significant and worrying phenomenon in terms of flight safety: changes of pilot performance in the amendment of psychological and physiological parameters, concerning to diferente stress levels and to pressure variations during the various flight stages, respectively. This may
be a concerning situation due to the disparity of human body reaction between diferente pilots to the same flight conditions. Nature, both in terms of environmental factors, as pressure and temperature, or in human physiological and psychological behaviour, during the
different flight phases, is unpredictable. Therefore, it is very difficult to establish safety boundaries.
This study general objective is to analyse the influence of flight environmental conditions and pilots psychophysiological parameters on task performance, during different flight situations, considering some of his everyday habits. To this end, a statistical analysis of a survey, regarding specific questions about the need for pilot’s attention monitoring systems, was
made, and, in parallel, a portable and ergonomic monitoring system was built. This system equipment records cerebral oximetry, to study the hypoxia phenomenon and its importance, electrocardiography (ECG), and electroencephalography (EEG), in order to establish a correlation between the influence of mental workload and other physiological parameters during different flight stages.
The specific purpose of this study is to define physiological limits for each pilot, through simulation tests contemplating different flight scenarios, in order to create an on board alert system to prevent possible incidents. With this research is also intended to suggest that a potential restriction on pilots licensing
legislation for light aviation, within physiological limits definitions, would be a positive contribution to a safer flight environment.Os pilotos de aviação ligeira estão expostos a diferentes situações ambientais devido às cabines não pressurizadas e não climatizadas. Algumas dessas variações podem levar o corpo humano aos seus limites, que associados a fatores psicológicos podem culminar em incidentes ou até mesmo fatalidades. Na verdade, uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema sugere que uma parte significativa dos incidentes e acidentes neste tipo de aviação, estão relacionados com o fator humano. Esta análise pode revelar um fenómeno oculto, mas significativo e preocupante em termos de segurança de voo: as mudanças de desempenho dos pilotos aquando da alteração de parâmetros psicológicos e fisiológicos, referentes a diferentes níveis de stress e variações de pressão durante as diferentes fases do voo, respetivamente. Esta pode ser uma situação preocupante devido à disparidade da reação do corpo humano entre pilotos diferentes, para as mesmas condições de voo. A natureza, quer em termos de fatores ambientais, como a pressão e a temperatura, quer a nível de comportamento fisiológico e psicológico humano, durante as diferentes fases de voo, é imprevisível. Portanto, torna-se muito difícil estabelecer limites de segurança. O objetivo geral deste trabalho consiste em analisar a influência das condições ambientais de voo e dos parâmetros psicofisiológicos do piloto sobre o desempenho de tarefas, durante situações de voo diferentes, considerando alguns dos seus hábitos quotidianos. Para este fim, foi feita uma análise estatística a um inquérito sobre questões específicas referentes à necessidade de sistemas de monitorização da atenção do piloto, e, em paralelo, foi construído um sistema portátil e ergonómico de monitorização. Este permite registar a oximetria cerebral, para estudar o fenómeno da hipoxia e a sua importância, ECG e EEG, a fim de se estabelecer uma correlação entre a influência da carga de trabalho mental e outros parâmetros fisiológicos, durante as diferentes fases de voo. O objetivo específico deste estudo é definir os limites fisiológicos de cada piloto, por meio de testes de simulação de voo, contemplando cenários diferentes, a fim de criar um sistema de alerta a bordo para evitar possíveis incidentes ou acidentes. Com esta investigação pretende-se também sugerir que uma eventual restrição na legislação referente ao licenciamento de pilotos de aviação ligeira, dentro das definições dos limites fisiológicos, seria uma contribuição positiva para um ambiente de voo mais seguro.
23
Ho, Li-Chi. "A critical analysis of airline safety management with reference to pilots and aviation authority officers." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3755.
Анотація:
When we consider regional differences in air safety, a call for regional solutions is
needed. This research probes the current situation in Taiwan and part of Asia from a
regional perspective, aiming to better understand safety management in this region. Data
was drawn from an extensive survey involving both airline pilots and aviation authority
officers. The research investigated respondents' perceptions in airline safety
management, and examined at their opinions about the role of aviation regulatory
authorities and language disadvantages when exchanging safety information.
The results demonstrated that there were key differences between the Captains and the
First Officers surveyed in many aspects of airline safety management. The First Officers
were more eager to have a blame-free and information-shared culture in current
bureaucratic systems than were the Captains. Most pilots expected airline top
management and aviation regulatory authorities to take more information responsibility
for circulating safety related messages and information.
It is believed that a confidential incident reporting system is one of the most appropriate
tools for improving safety. It would be sensitive enough to provide early identification
and warning for rooting out underlying causal factors, and allow constant tracking of
hazards and evaluation of risks they involve. Hence, the second part of the thesis
discusses the feasibility of establishing a national-level confidential incident reporting
system in Taiwan from the viewpoints of the airline pilots and the air traffic controllers.
The survey showed that there was great expectation for the introduction of a national-
level confidential reporting system. However, there was need to undertake a high profile
promotional period within the aviation community, followed by a two-year trial period.
This would help to motivate potential reporters, eliminate their fear of punitive action,
and enable consensus and support to be sought from the airlines. Initially, it is advised to
begin with the participant of flight crew and air traffic controllers only. At the end of the
trial period, an evaluation of the system achievements was recommended. After two
years of successful operation the system might be extended to include maintenance
personnel, cabin crews and other relevant parties.
24
Wang, Xiaoyang. "Aircraft fuel system prognostics and health management." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7214.
Анотація:
This thesis contains the specific description of Group Design Project (GDP) and
Individual Research Project (IRP) that are undertaken by the author and form
part of the degree of Master of Science.
The target of GDP is to develop a novel and unique commercial flying wing
aircraft titled FW-11. FW-11 is a three-year collaborative civil aircraft project
between Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and Cranfield University.
According to the market analysis result conducted by the author, 250 seats
capacity and 7500 nautical miles were chosen as the design targets.
The IRP is the further study of GDP, which is to enhance the competitive
capability by deploying prognostics and health management (PHM) technology
to the fuel system of FW-11. As a novel and brand-new technology, PHM
enables the real-time transformation of system status data into alert and
maintenance information during all ground or flight operating phases to improve
the aircraft reliability and operating costs. Aircraft fuel system has a great
impact on flight safety. Therefore, the development of fuel system PHM concept
is necessary.
This thesis began with an investigation of PHM, then a safety and reliability
analysis of fuel system was conducted by using FHA, FMEA and FTA.
According to these analyses, fuel temperature diagnosis and prognosis were
chosen as a case study to improve the reliability and safety of FW-11. The PHM
architecture of fuel temperature had been established. A fuel temperature
prediction model was also introduced in this thesis.
25
Khatwa, Ratan. "The development of a take-off performance monitor (TOPM)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360585.
26
Fennell, Pamela Joanne. "Factors influencing performance of aircraft safety procedures and perceptions of accident survivability." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11037.
Анотація:
The primary objectives of the research programme described in this thesis ( and commissioned by the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority) were to evaluate the effectiveness of safety cards for communicating safety information to passengers and to assess the influence of possible alternative styles of safety briefing on passenger attention. These objectives were investigated in two separate simulated pre-warned ditching situations on board a stationary aircraft. Participants' knowledge of the less complicated aspects of safety information, such as the location of oxygen masks or how to inflate the lifejacket, was generally high but comprehension of more complex procedures, such as the correct method of donning the lifejacket, was more limited. A visual demonstration was shown to significantly increase the likelihood that participants would know the correct method of donning the lifejacket, operating the oxygen mask and adopting the brace position correctly. A number of human factors problems, most frequently due to lack of specific information, were also identified as adversely affecting participants' ability to carry out safety procedures. Passengers' motivation to pay attention to safety information would be likely to be enhanced if briefings were more meaningful to them, for example, personalised and less repetitive, or if they were given the opportunity to practise safety procedures in a low stress situation. Participants' opinions indicated that emphasis on the importance of passengers knowing how to operate i terns of safety equipment would not put the majority of passengers off flying and would be likely to encourage attention to safety briefings and cards. The evaluation of the safety cards and briefings indicated that no one card or briefing was more effective overall. Some general principles for the design of safety cards have been suggested, such as the consultation with non-aviation personnel when designing safety cards and the inclusion of brief statements to explain complex procedures. The lack of major differences between the safety briefings may be attributable to the conventional manner in which they were presented suggesting that a different type of presentation style, for example one which personalises or makes the information more meaningful to passengers, would be more likely to encourage attention. A secondary objective of the thesis was to explore the influence of perceived locus of control on passenger comprehension of safety information and on their perceptions of aircraft accident survivability. This was investigated in a survey of airline passengers in addition to the two simulated ditchings. Analysis of a specifically designed locus of control questionnaire indicated that locus of control had only a slight influence on participants' knowledge of safety information and on their perceptions of aircraft accident survivability. The dominant cultural image of aircraft accidents as being non-survivable would appear to obscure any possible influence of locus of control as a predictor of passenger emergency behaviour. Locus of control would appear to be more effectively utilised in situations where cultural definitions are less dominant and perceptions of chance and skill influences are more equally balanced. Air travel was considered to be the safest form of transport but aircraft accidents were perceived to be less survivable than accidents involving other forms of transport. Participants also tended to underestimate their chances of survival in a range of potential aircraft accident situations. In order to improve the accuracy of passengers' perceptions of aircraft accident survivability a more realistic image of aircraft safety is needed. The stability of perceptions of locus of control and the survivability of aircraft accidents observed in the participant groups indicates that attitudes and beliefs are firmly entrenched in the general population and that major efforts will be required to influence attitudes and beliefs. Any attempt to change attitudes towards aircraft accident survivability would need to begin with improving the media image as the media are the most influential information source in forming public opinion regarding accident survivability.
27
Mishra, Chinmaya. "Improving efficiency and accuracy of safety related algorithms for unmanned aircraft systems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3006089/.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the problem of large computational loads generated by safety re- lated algorithms for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). Efficient and accurate methods for multiple sensor fault detection and Sense-And-Avoid systems for UAS are proposed. A novel sensor fault detection method is proposed and tested by simulation. The method detects multiple sensor faults by evaluating normal and faulty hypotheses for each sensor sequentially using measurements obtained from sensors on-board the air- craft. A Six-Degrees-of-Freedom flight model for a Navion aircraft is used to simulate faulty sensor data to test the fault detection method. The proposed sequential fault detection method detects faulty sensors, the update process is fast and maintains a more accurate state-estimate than the parallel fault detection method. For Sense-And-Avoid systems, an efficient method for estimating the probability of conflict between traffic in a non-cooperative environment is proposed. Estimating low probabilities of conflict using 'naive' Direct Monte Carlo method generates a significant computational load. The proposed method uses a technique called Subset Simulation where small failure probabilities are computed as a product of larger conditional failure probabilities - reducing the computational load whilst improving the accuracy of the probability estimates. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by modelling a series of conflicting and potentially conflicting scenarios based on the standard Rules of the Air specified by the International Civil Aviation Organization.
28
Fennel, P. J. "Factors influencing performance of aircraft safety procedures and perceptions of accident survivability." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11037.
Анотація:
The primary objectives of the research programme described
in this thesis ( and commissioned by the United Kingdom
Civil Aviation Authority) were to evaluate the
effectiveness of safety cards for communicating safety
information to passengers and to assess the influence of
possible alternative styles of safety briefing on passenger
attention. These objectives were investigated in two
separate simulated pre-warned ditching situations on board
a stationary aircraft.
Participants' knowledge of the less complicated aspects of
safety information, such as the location of oxygen masks or
how to inflate the lifejacket, was generally high but
comprehension of more complex procedures, such as the
correct method of donning the lifejacket, was more limited.
A visual demonstration was shown to significantly increase
the likelihood that participants would know the correct
method of donning the lifejacket, operating the oxygen mask
and adopting the brace position correctly.
A number of human factors problems, most frequently due to
lack of specific information, were also identified as
adversely affecting participants' ability to carry out
safety procedures. Passengers' motivation to pay attention
to safety information would be likely to be enhanced if
briefings were more meaningful to them, for example,
personalised and less repetitive, or if they were given the
opportunity to practise safety procedures in a low stress
situation. Participants' opinions indicated that emphasis
on the importance of passengers knowing how to operate
i terns of safety equipment would not put the majority of
passengers off flying and would be likely to encourage
attention to safety briefings and cards.
The evaluation of the safety cards and briefings indicated
that no one card or briefing was more effective overall.
Some general principles for the design of safety cards have
been suggested, such as the consultation with non-aviation
personnel when designing safety cards and the inclusion of
brief statements to explain complex procedures. The lack
of major differences between the safety briefings may be
attributable to the conventional manner in which they were
presented suggesting that a different type of presentation
style, for example one which personalises or makes the
information more meaningful to passengers, would be more
likely to encourage attention.
A secondary objective of the thesis was to explore the
influence of perceived locus of control on passenger
comprehension of safety information and on their
perceptions of aircraft accident survivability. This was
investigated in a survey of airline passengers in addition
to the two simulated ditchings.
Analysis of a specifically designed locus of control
questionnaire indicated that locus of control had only a
slight influence on participants' knowledge of safety
information and on their perceptions of aircraft accident
survivability. The dominant cultural image of aircraft
accidents as being non-survivable would appear to obscure
any possible influence of locus of control as a predictor
of passenger emergency behaviour. Locus of control would
appear to be more effectively utilised in situations where
cultural definitions are less dominant and perceptions of
chance and skill influences are more equally balanced.
Air travel was considered to be the safest form of
transport but aircraft accidents were perceived to be less
survivable than accidents involving other forms of
transport. Participants also tended to underestimate their
chances of survival in a range of potential aircraft
accident situations. In order to improve the accuracy of
passengers' perceptions of aircraft accident survivability
a more realistic image of aircraft safety is needed. The
stability of perceptions of locus of control and the
survivability of aircraft accidents observed in the
participant groups indicates that attitudes and beliefs are
firmly entrenched in the general population and that major
efforts will be required to influence attitudes and
beliefs. Any attempt to change attitudes towards aircraft
accident survivability would need to begin with improving
the media image as the media are the most influential
information source in forming public opinion regarding
accident survivability.
29
Leão, Marcelo Soares. "A human factors perspective towards functional hazard assessment in aircraft systems safety." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2012. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2222.
Анотація:
The primary objective of this work is to investigate the necessity of a more comprehensive human factors approach to the Functional Hazard Assessment process in aircraft systems safety assessment. An overview of the aircraft design process is provided, covering some of its typical stages in a multidisciplinary design environment. Considering the emergence of increasingly complex and integrated aircraft, the role of safety requirements in a systems engineering approach is discussed, as well as the concepts of hazard, risk and safety, to support the analysis of the regulation framework related to aircraft systems safety assessment and certification. Currently adopted safety criteria and requirements, safety assessment standards, acceptable means of compliance, and guideline materials are covered. The discussion of the most important human factors perspectives, as a reflect of the need to understand humans interacting with complex systems, highlights then the problem to assess safety in those systems and points to objective means to incorporate an operational perspective to contribute to the improvement in current practices of the FHA process.
30
Ivanovitch, Marianna. "Design of virtual aircraft multipurpose platform." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5295/.
Анотація:
This report elaborates on the master degree thesis developed by the candidate within the company Superjet International.
The performed activity focuses on the study and design of VAMP (Virtual Aircraft Multipurpose Platform).
VAMP is a new interactive platform, not necessarily limited to the Aeronautical sector, aimed to analyse technical failures, identify risk and recommend the most appropriate corrective actions for maintenance cost reduction, taking into account reliability, availability, maintainability and safety.
31
Merz, Ludger. "New Dynamic Approach of a Safety Barrier Wall for a Civil Transport Aircraft." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-62742.
Анотація:
One of the challenges for Airbus preparing a new freighter development process was the design of a solid freighter barrier, which separates the courier area from the cargo compartment. The major task of such a barrier is to protect the passengers against all risks caused due to cargo impact by a justifiable design. These risks may result from all kind of survivable incident and accident scenarios. Real aircraft crashes were analyzed to get away from a static book-case and come to a more realistic dynamic crash scenario. A reduced-order simulation model was built up to investigate and simulate the dynamic effects during crash. The simulation model considers the highly nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics of all critical cargo types and also includes their energy absorption potentials. A series of full scale container crash tests have been performed at accredited car crash facilities. The test campaigns were complemented by numerous component tests to study also general crash principles. The critical simulation parameters were identified and implemented into the simulation model. The subsequent validation process showed a close agreement between simulation and test. The simulation environment has turned out to be a reliable basis to simulate all critical barrier loads with respect to the specific aircraft loading distributions. The essence of this investigation is an adequate understanding of the real crash effects. The proposed dynamic crash approach is more realistic than the static condition and results in an optimized safety barrier wall concept. This dynamic approach provides equivalent safety compared to the existing devices and is accepted by FAA and EASA.
32
Brown, Mark Anthony. "An investigation of three-dimensional displays for real-time, safety-critical command/control applications : with application to air traffic control." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336445.
33
GOMES, Adriano José Oliveira. "Systematic model-based safety assessment via probabilistic model checking." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2651.
Анотація:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:59:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
arquivo5803_1.pdf: 2496332 bytes, checksum: b4666e127bf620dbcb7437f9d83c2344 (MD5)
license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010Faculdade de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco
A análise da segurança (Safety Assessment) é um processo bem conhecido que serve para garantir que as restrições de segurança de um sistema crítico sejam cumpridas. Dentro dele, a análise de segurança quantitativa lida com essas restrições em um contexto numérico (probabilístico). Os métodos de análise de segurança, como a tradicional Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), são utilizados no processo de avaliação da segurança quantitativo, seguindo as diretrizes de certificação (por exemplo, a ARP4761 Guia de Práticas Recomendadas da Aviação). No entanto, este método é geralmente custoso e requer muito tempo e esforço para validar um sistema como um todo, uma vez que para uma aeronave chegam a ser construídas, em média, 10.000 árvores de falha e também porque dependem fortemente das habilidades humanas para lidar com suas limitações temporais que restringem o âmbito e o nível de detalhe que a análise e os resultados podem alcançar. Por outro lado, as autoridades certificadoras também permitem a utilização da análise de Markov, que, embora seus modelos sejam mais poderosos que as árvores de falha, a indústria raramente adota esta análise porque seus modelos são mais complexos e difíceis de lidar. Diante disto, FTA tem sido amplamente utilizada neste processo, principalmente porque é conceitualmente mais simples e fácil de entender. À medida que a complexidade e o time-to-market dos sistemas aumentam, o interesse em abordar as questões de segurança durante as fases iniciais do projeto, ao invés de nas fases intermediárias/finais, tornou comum a adoção de projetos, ferramentas e técnicas baseados em modelos. Simulink é o exemplo padrão atualmente utilizado na indústria aeronáutica. Entretanto, mesmo neste cenário, as soluções atuais seguem o que os engenheiros já utilizavam anteriormente. Por outro lado, métodos formais que são linguagens, ferramentas e métodos baseados em lógica e matemática discreta e não seguem as abordagens da engenharia tradicional, podem proporcionar soluções inovadoras de baixo custo para engenheiros. Esta dissertação define uma estratégia para a avaliação quantitativa de segurança baseada na análise de Markov. Porém, em vez de lidar com modelos de Markov diretamente, usamos a linguagem formal Prism (uma especificação em Prism é semanticamente interpretada como um modelo de Markov). Além disto, esta especificação em Prism é extraída de forma sistemática a partir de um modelo de alto nível (diagramas Simulink anotados com lógicas de falha do sistema), através da aplicação de regras de tradução. A verificação sob o aspecto quantitativo dos requisitos de segurança do sistema é realizada utilizando o verificador de modelos de Prism, no qual os requisitos de segurança tornam-se fórmulas probabilísticas em lógica temporal. O objetivo imediato do nosso trabalho é evitar o esforço de se criar várias árvores de falhas até ser constatado que um requisito de segurança foi violado. Prism não constrói árvores de falha para chegar neste resultado. Ele simplesmente verifica de uma só vez se um requisito de segurança é satisfeito ou não no modelo inteiro. Finalmente, nossa estratégia é ilustrada com um sistema simples (um projeto-piloto), mas representativo, projetado pela Embraer
34
Dell, Geoff. "Aircraft pushback accidents worldwide 1964-1992 : causes and prevention." Thesis, The Author [Mt. Helen. Vic.] :, 1993. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/39809.
Анотація:
The purpose of the study was to analyse aircraft pushback accidents which have resulted in death or serious injury to aircraft pusback ground crew members and to develop effective strategies to prevent such accidents.Thesis (Master of Applied Science)
35
Edmonds, Kendy Elizabeth. "Demonstrating an Equivalent Level of Safety for sUAS in Shielded Environments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103964.
Анотація:
The current proposed unmanned aircraft system (UAS) detect and avoid standards require the same safety metrics, even when in close proximity to the ground or structures. This requirement has the potential to hinder low altitude small unmanned aircraft operations, such as local package delivery and utility inspection. One of the main safety metrics for UASs to adhere to is a ``well clear" volume that quantifies the vertical and horizontal separation UASs are required to maintain from manned aircraft. The current volume of 2000 feet horizontal and +/- 250 feet vertical does not provide credit for the safety benefit of being close to an obstacle where manned aircraft do not fly and could prove to be too restricting for low-level flight operations (i.e., under 400 feet above ground level). This thesis suggests using smaller safety metric volumes than the well clear volume to demonstrate that operations at lower altitudes can still be proven to be just as safe as if they were held to the larger well clear volume standard by using obstacle and terrain shielding. The research leverages simulation to analyze different safety metrics and provides an example use case in which the methodology of shielded operations is applied to demonstrate how this methodology can be applied for a safety case.Master of Science
With the development of small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) technologies have come many practical and regulatory challenges, especially in low altitude airspaces. At lower altitudes, manned aircraft are likely to be operating at lower velocities and restricting standards require UASs to maneuver against aircraft that may not present a significant risk of collision. The excessive avoidance maneuvering can cause the successful execution of even simple operations such as package delivery or survey operations to become difficult. The strict requirements have the potential to specifically inhibit sUAS beyond visual line-of-sight commercial operations, which are of great interest to the industry. This thesis describes a method for demonstrating an equivalent level of safety of small UAS operations when utilizing avoidance algorithms that leverage obstacle and terrain awareness. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that by remaining close to obstacles, which pose a hazard to other aircraft, an unmanned aircraft can lower the risk of a mid-air collision and to demonstrate an equivalent level of safety for operations using a reduced safety metrics.
36
Blake, Simon. "The development and use of aircraft evacuation modelling as a viable tool for the certification and safety analysis of passenger aircraft." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2003. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6115/.
Анотація:
Evacuation modelling technology offers designers and regulators of aircraft new opportunities to rigorously test designs and theories. However, before evacuation models can be used effectively they need to be understood by the regulatory and aviation industry, validated and developed further. This thesis tackles each of these aspects. This thesis provides a detailed review of evacuation modelling with special emphasis on aviation evacuation models and the available data upon which models and understanding can be based. Of these the airEXODUS model is selected for this thesis and it is described in detail and critically evaluated. The evaluation revealed three main issues that needed to be addressed in order for aircraft evacuation modelling to advance. These issues relate to, (1) the limited quantity of model verification, (2) the inability of models to represent crew procedures, and (3) the limited behavioural capabilities of these models with regard to simulating real accidents as opposed to certification scenarios. The fundamental accuracy and predictive capability of airEXODUS is evaluated. This is followed by a comprehensive investigation of cabin crew and passenger behaviour in 90-second certification trials and real emergency evacuations. The conclusions from this investigation serve as the basis for the development of new algorithms to addresses issues (2) and (3). Behavioural algorithms are developed to simulate cabin crew bypass in conjunction with algorithms for passengers exit choice and methods for simulated passengers to optimise their chosen route to an exit. Finally, this thesis concludes by demonstrating the value of evacuation modelling in the design of future aircraft, the regulation of current aircraft and in understanding some of the contributing factors involved in past evacuation related disasters.
37
Horrell, Alexander C. (Alexander Chapman). "Extending safety assessment methods for remotely piloted aircraft operations in the national airspace system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76103.
Анотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012."June 2012." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118).
Remotely Piloted Aircraft operations are growing rapidly in the United States specifically for the Department of Defense to achieve training needs. To ensure the safety of the National Airspace System is maintained to a high standard, Remotely Piloted Aircraft operations are being assessed on a case by case basis by the Federal Aviation Administration for approval of a Certificate of Authorization. FAA guidance currently requires the use of human observers to ensure safe separation of RPA operations from other aircraft. The United States Air Force intends to use technology to replace the human observers, but a safety assessment must be conducted for approval of any such technology. The objective of this thesis is to examine the process and results of traditional safety assessment methods used by the United States Air Force as well as apply the same information as a case study to an innovative method called the influence matrix framework. The influence matrix framework will be analyzed by applying a clustering technique to gain insight about the benefits and challenges of the assessment method for future systems. RPA operations at Cannon Air Force Base, NM propose the use of ground-based radars to monitor the airspace around the RPA. The Air Force Safety Center worked together with MIT Lincoln Laboratory for the safety assessment process of the groundbased radars. The knowledge gained in that process is documented in this thesis. Next, that system architecture is further applied to the influence matrix framework for analysis. The influence matrix represents the expected influence of element behavior changes on hazard risk. The framework is manipulated with a clustering technique to analyze results when changing the scope of the safety assessment method. In this work, the application of the influence matrix provided insights into the functionality of the ground-based radar system and usefulness of the IM method. The clustering technique provided a foundation for a formal process to handle scoping challenges for future complex system safety assessments. For the future, this research will have to be expanded further to better formalize the modeling and assessment of the influence matrix.
by Alexander C. Horrell.
S.M.
38
Pereira, Renato Augusto da Cunha. "Closed loop safety improvement system applied to human factors in aircraft maintenance and inspection." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2004. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=650.
Анотація:
The present work proposes a method for safety improvement, with emphasis in human factors in the aviation environment. The method consists of step-by-step actions, which demand active participation of the staff of the related area(s), including management. The proposed methodology is based on two models. One model consists of a proactive analysis of the system's "defenses" against human causal factors, which permits as well the detection of latent failures inherent to this system. The other model, widely used in safety assessment, permits the analysis of an occurred event through the modeling of the causal path leading to it. The methodology is then turned to a practical application at EMBRAER, on the tasks of assembly, maintenance and inspection involving pitch trim systems of the EMB 145 aircraft family, and on a case study of a related event. The method and its tools showed themselves useful to promote a critical analysis of the system and the organization from a safety point-of-view, allowing consistent and directed improvements in safety. Closed Loop Safety Improvement System Applied to Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance and Inspection
39
FUSARO, ROBERTA. "Comparative analysis of new configurations of aircraft aimed at competitiveness, environmental compatibility and safety." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2694988.
Анотація:
This Ph.D. Thesis aims at suggesting a proper integrated and multidisciplinary
design methodology to improve the current conceptual and preliminary design
phases of breakthrough innovative aerospace products. The methodology, based
on a Systems Engineering approach, is presented together with an envisaged toolchain,
consisting of both commercial and ad-hoc developed software, integrated in
a Model-Based Systems Engineering perspective. In addition, for the sake of
clarity and for validation purposes, a specific case study has been selected and
developed all along the document. The reference case-study is inspired to a real
pre-feasibility study in which the research group of Politecnico di Torino, which
the author of this Thesis belongs to, has been involved. The project aims at
developing a suborbital vehicle able to perform parabolic flights for both
scientific and touristic purposes. This kind of initiatives paves the way for the
future hypersonic vehicles, because it allows to crucial enabling technologies to
be tested and validated in relevant environment but with lower performances’
requirements.
The Thesis is articulated in seven Chapters with an introduction and
conclusion sections and in each Chapter a balanced mix between theoretical
investigation, mathematical model development, tool selection or development
and application to the selected case study is guaranteed. This document starts
reporting the major reasons why an innovative design methodology should be
envisaged to deal with the increasing level of complexity in the aerospace domain.
In particular, in the first Chapter, a brief overview of existing or underdevelopment
initiatives related to hypersonic is reported, together with the
description of the different types of mission in which the new hypersonic vehicles
will be exploited. Moreover, the major issues related to the infrastructures
required to operate these transportation systems are summarized. As far as
operations are concerned, a short section makes the readers aware of the current
under-development regulatory framework.
Then, the integrated multidisciplinary design methodology is presented
starting from the very high level analyses up to the sizing of the different
components of the transportation system. All along the document, crucial role is
played by requirements, whose management can allow a complete traceability of
the different design characteristics during the overall product life-cycle.
Furthermore, proper algorithms allowing to move from purely qualitative to
quantitative trade-offs, are presented, with a noticeable advantage in terms of
traceability and reproducibility.
Eventually, further improvements of both the tool-chain and the reference
case studies are envisaged for future developments.
40
Jakoet, Fatima. "A safety culture survey amongst aircraft maintenance engineers at a leading airline in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/959.
Анотація:
Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Safety culture is of paramount importance in high risk industries such as railway maintenance, nuclear, offshore industries and aviation industry, resulting in the assessment of safety culture in these industries. The purpose of this study is to assess the safety culture amongst maintenance engineers at a leading airline in South Africa. The approach to the study was twofold. Firstly, an intensive literature study was conducted, followed by an empirical study. The literature study clarified and zoned in on the importance safety management system and the pivotal role of human factors in aviation maintenance and its contribution to safety culture. The Airways Technical Safety Culture Survey (ATSCS) was distributed to all the maintenance engineers employed at a major South African airline. The subsequent data, received from 113 respondents, was interpreted and then analysed using the SPSS statistical software package. Firstly, the responses to the seven scales of the ATSCS were examined to determine whether the data was suitable for factor analysis. The data was analysed using the SPSS statistical package. A principal axis factor analysis, with a Varimax rotation was performed on the data in order to determine which factors cluster together. Scale reliability was determined by making use of Chronbach’s coefficient alpha. The average mean of the corrected correlations between each scale item was also calculated to examine the internal homogeneity and unidimensionality of the different scales. Next, the items were subjected to item analysis. The mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis were calculated for the sample scores of the ATSCS. The influence and effect of the biographical variables on the maintenance engineers’ attitudes towards safety were determined by comparing the responses of various employee subsets with one another by means of t-tests and ANOVA. The results of the t-tests revealed that ethnicity had a statistically significant effect on the safety attitude with regard to management’s attitude towards safety and safety training. The effect sizes were calculated to determine the strength of the relationship, and this was found to be of medium effect. The ANOVA results indicated that education, geographical location and fleet qualification have no effect on the safety attitude of the population. However, an ANOVA of work area revealed that the major maintenance work area differs significantly from the other two groups in five areas of the Safety Culture Survey. Finally, the overall responses of the majority of participants in this study were very positive with regard to the seven core factors related to attitudes toward safety. It is suggested that future studies of this nature should incorporate a larger sample consisting of cross-cultural carriers in the global industry. This will confirm the external validity of the present study and support the transfer of findings to other maintenance engineers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Talle studies is onderneem om die veiligheidskultuur in hoë-risiko industrieë soos die spoorweginstandhoudingsbedryf, kernbedryf en olieboorbedryf te definieer en te assesseer terwyl daar slegs ’n paar gedokumenteerde pogings in die lugvaartbedryf bestaan. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die veiligheidskultuur by instandhoudingsingenieurs in een van die vernaamste lugrederye in Suid-Afrika te assesseer. ’n Literatuurstudie en ’n empiriese studie is uitgevoer. Die literatuurstudie is gerig op die aspekte van veiligheidsbestuur en die rol van menslike faktore in lugvaartinstandhouding en die bydrae daarvan tot ’n veiligheidskultuur. Die Lugvaart Tegniese Veiligheidskultuuropname (ATSCS – Airways Technical Safety Culture Survey) is aan al die instandhoudingsingenieurs by ’n groot Suid-Afrikaanse lugredery versprei. Die data wat van 113 respondente ontvang is, is geïnterpreteer en toe ontleed met behulp van die SPSS statistiese sagtewarepakket. Eerstens is die response op die sewe skale van die ATSCS ondersoek om te bepaal of die data vir faktorontleding geskik is. Hoofasfaktorontleding is met behulp van SPSS op die data toegepas, met ’n Varimax-rotasie om vas te stel watter faktore saambondel. Die betroubaarheid van die skale is bepaal deur Chronbach se koëffisiënt alfa te gebruik. Die gemiddelde van gemiddeldes van die gekorrigeerde korrelasies tussen die items van elke skaal is ook bereken om die interne homogeniteit en uni-dimensionaliteit van die verskillende skale te ondersoek. Daarna is die items aan itemontleding onderwerp. Die gemiddelde, standaard afwyking, skeefheid en kurtosis is vir die steekproeftellings van die ATSCS bereken. Die invloed en effek van die biografiese veranderlikes op die instandhoudingsingenieurs se ingesteldheid teenoor veiligheid is bepaal deur die response van verskillende werknemerondergroepe met mekaar te vergelyk met behulp van t-toetse en ANOVA. Die resultate van die t-toetse het aan die lig gebring dat etnisiteit ’n statisties beduidende uitwerking op die veiligheidsingesteldheid het ten opsigte van die bestuur se ingesteldheid teenoor veiligheid en veiligheidsopleiding. Die effek se groottes is bereken om die krag van die verwantskap te bepaal, en daar is bevind dat dit ’n medium effek het. Die ANOVA-resultate dui aan dat opleiding, geografiese ligging en vlootkwalifikasie geen uitwerking op die veiligheidsingesteldheid van die universum het nie. ’n ANOVA van die werkarea het egter aan die lig gebring dat die belangrikste instandhoudingswerkarea beduidend van die ander twee groepe verskil ten opsigte van vyf areas van die Veiligheidskultuuropname (ATSCS). Laastens was die oorkoepelende response van die meerderheid deelnemers aan hierdie studie baie positief ten opsigte van die sewe kernfaktore wat met ingesteldheid teenoor veiligheid verband hou. Daar word voorgestel dat toekomstige ondersoeke van hierdie aard ’n groter steekproef van kruis-kulturele lugrederye in die globale bedryf inkorporeer. Dit sal die eksterne geldigheid van die huidige studie bevestig en die oordrag van bevindinge aan ander instandhoudingsingenieurs ondersteun.
41
Falconer, Boyd Travis School of Aviation UNSW. "Attitudes to safety and organisational culture in Australian military aviation." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Aviation, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25751.
Анотація:
This thesis describes original research that examines the extent to which organisational culture, and psychosocial aspects specifically, relate to individuals??? ???normal??? performance within Australian Defence Force (ADF) aviation. The primary rationale for the research relates to the ???safety record??? of ADF aviation, whereby more than fifty ???peace time??? fatalities have occurred in ADF aviation accidents since 1990 and many of these have links to organisational culture attributes. The secondary rationale relates to a more general perspective: previous research identifies human functioning in military aviation ??? more than any other aviation domain ??? as being dependent upon psychosocial attributes including interpersonal collaboration, communication and coordination. However, the depth to which such qualities impact the safety of a sociotechnical system remains substantially uncharted. This thesis firstly examines both scientific and Australian military literature on organisational behaviour, culture and human factors. Subsequently, it describes the design and implementation of a new 45-item questionnaire ??? the Australian Defence Force Aviation Questionnaire (ADFAQ). More than four hundred ADF aircrew and engineers completed the ADFAQ. The data analysis involved quantitative and qualitative consideration of survey responses and comparisons between numerous demographic criteria. Following this, the thesis describes the design and implementation of an interview study that was designed to both cross-examine key ADFAQ results and explore more deeply other issues that were only superficially identified by the (largely psychometric) composition of the ADFAQ. The research results offer three main contributions to scientific knowledge. These relate to: (1) the efficacy of triangulated and contextualised methodology in building an understanding of organisational culture; (2) the nature of the safety culture concept and its relationship with organisational culture; and (3) rank-based homogeneity of attitudes. This research shows that survey methodologies are not a panacea, but they can illuminate the nature of attitudes to safety and provide empirical guidance for other methods to explore more deeply the cultural roots of such attitudes and associated behaviours.
42
Froyuk, K. V., V. M. Luzhbin, S. G. Yehorov, К. В. Фроюк, В. М. Лужбін, and С. Г. Єгоров. "Sensors for determining the spatial position of the aircraft." Thesis, National aviation university, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50500.
Анотація:
1. Kharchenko V.P., Ostroumov I.V., Avionics. Textbook. - K: NAU, 2013 (in Urkainian)
2. Andrusevich A.O., Kasyan V.S., Stadnik V.V. Information and measuring devices, avionics systems and complexes. Textbook. - Kryvyi Rih, 2011 (in Urkainian)The aviation community must constantly work to improve safety around the world. The work of modern aviation is the need to obtain in real-time the spatial position of aviation systems during the primary and secondary training of operators to operate the above systems. This will not only obtain the characteristics of each operator and identify the patterns of its activities, but also further predict the occurrence of systematic errors inherent in a particular operator.
Авіаційна спільнота повинна постійно працювати над підвищенням безпеки у всьому світі. Робота сучасної авіації полягає у необхідності отримання в реальному часі просторового положення авіаційних систем під час первинної та середньої підготовки операторів з експлуатації вищезазначених систем. Це дозволить не тільки отримати характеристики кожного оператора та виявити закономірності його діяльності, але й надалі передбачити появу систематичних помилок, властивих певному оператору.
43
Lamy, Christophe A. "The technical boards of aircraft accident investigation in the United States of America & France /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33065.
Анотація:
In conformity with the principles laid down in article 26 of the Chicago Convention and its Annex 13 concerning technical aircraft accident investigations, the United States and France respectively set up and developed their own investigation Boards, the NTSB and the BEA, which may be different by their organization and functioning but both aim at the same objective: the promotion of Air Safety.To fulfil their complex mission in the best possible conditions and despite eventual pecuniary constraints, the pressure of the media, or the occasional tensions which may arise in case of concomitance with other investigations, the NTSB and the BEA rely on the renowned professionalism and high technical skills of their employees as well as on the participation in the investigation of members of the aeronautical industry who bring their expertise and contribute to the improvement of air safety.
44
Cohen, Jonathan E. W. (Jonathan Ephraim Weis) 1976. "Safety at what price? : setting anti-terrorist policies for checked luggage on US domestic aircraft." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36099.
Анотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-46).
In this thesis, we considered the costs and benefits of implementing Positive Passenger Bag Match (PPBM) - an anti-terrorist measure to keep bombs out of checked luggage - on US domestic passenger flights. We constructed a stochastic model for comparing the cost-effectiveness of three alternative approaches to PPBM: no PPBML implementation; a PPBM implementation that is applied to 5% of passengers; and a full (100%) implementation of PPBM. We made ranges of estimates concerning the level of terrorist risk, the costs of PPBM operation, the consequences of successful terrorist bombings, and the anti-terrorist effectiveness of both the partial and full PPBM implementations. Calculations showed that there were circumstances under which each policy was the most cost-effective of the three. Of the three options, not implementing PPBM at all was the most cost-effective approach for the largest percentage of the scenarios considered. We found that 5% PPBM captured the next largest portion of the scenarios, and was generally the optimal strategy when annual PPBMI operation costs were low, when 5% PPBM anti-terrorist effectiveness was high, and when the consequences of successful bombings were severe. We found 100%(. PPBM to be the optimal strategy for most scenarios which involved highly costly terrorist bombings, a high level of terrorist risk, and a 100% PPBM policy that provided much added security over 5% PPBM.
by Jonathan E.W. Cohen.
S.M.
45
Reckhouse, William. "Optimisation of short term conflict alert safety related systems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3154.
Анотація:
Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA) is an automated warning system designed to alert air traffic controllers to possible loss of separation between aircraft. STCA systems are complex, with many parameters that must be adjusted to achieve best performance. Current procedure is to manually ‘tune’ the governing parameters in order to finely balance the trade-off between wanted alerts and nuisance alerts. We present an incremental approach to automatically optimising STCA systems, using a simple evolutionary algorithm. By dividing the parameter space into regional subsets, we investigate methods of reducing the number of evaluations required to generate the Pareto optimal Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Multi-archive techniques are devised and are shown to cut the necessary number of iterations by half. A method of estimating the fitness of recombined regional parameter subsets without actual evaluation on the STCA system is presented, however, convergence is shown to be severely stunted when relatively weak sources of noise are present. We describe a method of aggressively perturbing parameters outside of their known ‘safe’ ranges when complex inhibitory interactions are present that prevent an exhaustive search of permitted values. The scheme prevents the optimiser from repeating ‘mistakes’ and unnecessarily wasting evaluations. Results show that a more complete picture of the Pareto-optimal ROC curve may be obtained without increasing the number of necessary iterations. Efficacy of the new methods is discussed, with suggestions for improving efficiency. Sources of parameter interdependence and noise are explored and where possible mitigating techniques and procedures suggested. Classifier performance on training and test data is investigated and potential solutions for reducing overfitting are evaluated on a toy problem. We comment on potential uses of the ROC in characterising STCA performance, for comparison to other systems and airspaces. Many industrial systems are structured in a similar way to STCA, we hope that techniques presented will be applicable to other highly parametrised, expensive problem domains.
46
Halefom, Mekonen H. "Tailoring an Airworthiness Document to Unmanned Aircraft Systems: A Case Study of MIL-HDBK-516C." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98018.
Анотація:
With the popularity of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), there is a growing need to assess airworthiness for safe operations in shared airspace. In the context of this thesis, shared airspace implies the introduction of UAS into airspace designated for manned aircraft. Airworthiness guidelines are generally statements that state safety requirements to prevent unwanted consequences, such as aircraft accidents. Many governmental agencies such as the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) analyzed the risks of UAS to third-parties, all personnel and properties exterior to the aircraft. This thesis concerns the adaptation of existing airworthiness documents written for manned aircraft to UAS. The proposed method has three stages that are applied in sequence to identify relevant and irrelevant airworthiness statements, the building blocks of an airworthiness document, with regard to UAS. This method is applied to MIL-HDBK-516C, used as a case study; however, the proposed methodology can be applied to any airworthiness document developed for manned aircraft. This thesis presents a list of all MIL-HDBK-516C airworthiness statements that are directly relevant, indirectly relevant, and irrelevant to UAS; additionally, the indirectly relevant airworthiness statements to UAS are provided along with suggested modification.M.S.
With the popularity of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), there is a growing need to assess airworthiness for safe operations in shared airspace. Airspace is the available air for aircraft to fly in; most airspaces are regulated and are subject to the jurisdiction of a particular country. In the context of this thesis, shared airspace implies the introduction of UAS into airspace designated for manned aircraft. Airworthiness guidelines are generally statements that state safety requirements to prevent unwanted consequences, such as aircraft accidents. Many governmental agencies such as the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) analyzed the risks of UAS to third-parties, all personnel and properties exterior to the aircraft. This thesis concerns the adaptation of existing airworthiness documents written for manned aircraft to UAS. The proposed method has three stages that are applied in sequence to identify relevant and irrelevant airworthiness statements, the building blocks of an airworthiness document, with regard to UAS. This method is applied to MIL-HDBK-516C, Department of Defense Handbook: Airworthiness Certification Criteria, used as a case study. MIL-HDBK-516C is a military handbook used for airworthiness guidance. However, the proposed methodology can be applied to any airworthiness document developed for manned aircraft. This thesis presents a list of all MIL-HDBK-516C airworthiness statements that are directly relevant, indirectly relevant, and irrelevant to UAS; additionally, the indirectly relevant airworthiness statements to UAS are provided along with suggested modification.
47
Kallinen, Valtteri A. "Collision risk modelling for unmanned aircraft separation and traffic management." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/232516/1/Valtteri_Kallinen_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
This thesis develops models and procedures for designing safe airspace for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Mid-air collision risk models with foundations in manned aviation are extended and adapted to develop separation standards for UAVs whilst addressing the unique differences from traditional manned aviation. Airspace design is also investigated using mathematical optimisation which maximises traffic throughput to make high-density operations viable, whilst still maintaining a given target level of safety.
48
Duan, Pengfei. "Predictive Alerting for Improved Aircraft State Awareness." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1539871688328245.
49
Kirkland, Ian D. "The risk assessment of aircraft runway overrun accidents and incidents." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13270.
Анотація:
The UK Civil Aviation Authority has recognised the need for protection against the runway overrun over and above the standard protection recommended by ICAO. Normal protection for the aircraft is provided in ICAO's Annex 14 by the strip at the end of a runway, and a recommendation for the installation of a Runway End Safety Area (RESA). In the UK, the CAA has stated that as part of their safety management system the aerodrome licensee should review the RESA distance requirement for their individual circumstances on an annual basis through a risk assessment. However, current industry knowledge of circumstantial factors in runway overruns is limited. Also, current models that are used to determine likely overrun wreckage locations and RESA dimensions take no account of the operational conditions surrounding the overruns or the aerodrome being assessed. This study has attempted to address these needs by highlighting common factors present in overrun occurrences through the compilation and analysis of a database of runway overruns, and through the construction of a model of wreckage location that takes account of the conditions at an individual aerodrome. A model of overrun probability has been constructed and the consequences of an overrun have been examined. One outcome of the study is an awareness that the industry is in an extremely poor state of knowledge of operational characteristics of non-accident flights, which if not addressed will be a major barrier to future advancement of aviation safety improvement and research.
50
Carrillo, Cassandra M. "Continuous biometric authentication for authorized aircraft personnel : a proposed design." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FCarrillo.pdf.