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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Air Pollution Western Australia Perth"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 11 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Air Pollution Western Australia Perth"

Hurley, P. J., and P. C. Manins. "Meteorological Modeling on High-Ozone Days in Perth, Western Australia." Journal of Applied Meteorology 34, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450-34.7.1643.

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Abstract The West Australian capital city of Perth is located on a coastal plain between the sea to the west and an escarpment rising to the east. It is isolated from all other cities or sources of pollution. In this study, the meteorological conditions leading to high ozone levels have been classified according to the dominant weather patterns using both synoptic charts and air monitoring data. The data revealed that practically all high-ozone days were associated with recirculation of ozone or its precursors. Meteorological modeling was then performed for the generic conditions leading to high ozone in the Perth region. The modeling predicted that recirculation of surface air over the Perth region was common. Both same-day and next-day recirculation of surface air are features of the model predictions and are conducive to high ozone levels. The modeling predicts day-by-day buildup of smog to be a favored occurrence under these synoptic conditions. Other interesting meteorological features seen in Perth observations on high-ozone days were also predicted by the modeling, including stalling sea breezes under some conditions, hydraulic jump effects over the escarpment, and mesoscale enhancement of the west coast trough.

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Yimin, Ma, and T. J. Lyons. "Recirculation of coastal urban air pollution under a synoptic scale thermal trough in Perth, Western Australia." Atmospheric Environment 37, no. 4 (February 2003): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00926-3.

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Pereira, Gavin, Angus Cook, Annemarie J. B. M. Vos, and C. D'Arcy J. Holman. "A case‐crossover analysis of traffic‐related air pollution and emergency department presentations for asthma in Perth, Western Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 193, no. 9 (November 2010): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb04034.x.

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Shrestha, Anu, Ben Mullins, Yun Zhao, Linda A. Selvey, and Krassi Rumchev. "Exposure to air pollutants among cyclists: a comparison of different cycling routes in Perth, Western Australia." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 13, no. 9 (July 10, 2020): 1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00850-6.

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Patel, Dimpalben, Le Jian, Jianguo Xiao, Janis Jansz, Grace Yun, Ting Lin, and Andrew Robertson. "Joint effects of heatwaves and air quality on ambulance services for vulnerable populations in Perth, western Australia." Environmental Pollution 252 (September 2019): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.125.

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Gilbey, Suzanne E., Christopher M. Reid, Rachel R. Huxley, Mario J. Soares, Yun Zhao, and Krassi Rumchev. "Associations Between Sub-Clinical Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk and Exposure to Residential Indoor Air Pollutants in Healthy Adults in Perth, Western Australia: A Study Protocol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 22, 2019): 3548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193548.

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Background: A growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence has implicated air pollution as an emerging risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Whilst individuals spend up to two-thirds of daily time in their domestic residential environment, very few studies have been designed to objectively measure the sub-clinical markers of cardiometabolic risk with exposure to domestic indoor air pollutants. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate associations between the components of domestic indoor air quality and selected sub-clinical cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of healthy adults living in Perth, Western Australia. Methods: One hundred and eleven non-smoking adults (65% female) living in non-smoking households who were aged between 35–69 years were recruited for the project. Study subjects were invited to participate in all sections of the study, which included: Domestic indoor air monitoring along with the concurrent 24 h ambulatory monitoring of peripheral and central blood pressure and measures of central hemodynamic indices, standardized questionnaires on aspects relating to current health status and the domestic environment, a 24 h time-activity diary during the monitoring period, and clinic-based health assessment involving collection of blood and urine biomarkers for lipid and glucose profiles, as well as measures of renal function and an analysis of central pulse wave and pulse wave velocity. Results: This study provides a standardized approach to the study of sub-clinical cardiometabolic health effects that are related to the exposure to indoor air pollution. Conclusion: The findings of this study may provide direction for future research that will further contribute to our understanding of the relationship that exists between indoor air pollution and sub-clinical markers of cardiometabolic risk.

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Straney, Lahn, Alexandra Bremner, Andrew Tonkin, Martine Dennekamp, Ian Jacobs, and Judith Finn. "Evaluating the impact of air pollution on the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Perth (Western Australia) metropolitan area: 2000–2010." Resuscitation 84 (October 2013): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.08.151.

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Vander Hoorn, Stephen, Kevin Murray, Lee Nedkoff, Graeme J. Hankey, Leon Flicker, Bu B. Yeap, Osvaldo P. Almeida, et al. "Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk factors for cardiovascular disease within a cohort of older men in Perth." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): e0248931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248931.

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While there is clear evidence that high levels of pollution are associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the biological mechanisms that would explain this association are less understood. We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Air pollutant concentrations were estimated at place of residence for cohort members in the Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing Health in Men Study. Blood samples and blood pressure measures were taken for a cohort of 4249 men aged 70 years and above between 2001 and 2004. We examined the association between 1-year average pollutant concentrations with blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and total homocysteine. Linear regression analyses were carried out, with adjustment for confounding, as well as an assessment of potential effect modification. The four pollutants examined were fine particulate matter, black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. We found that a 2.25 μg/m3 higher exposure to fine particulate matter was associated with a 1.1 percent lower high-density cholesterol (95% confidence interval: -2.4 to 0.1) and 4.0 percent higher serum triglycerides (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 6.6). Effect modification of these associations by diabetes history was apparent. We found no evidence of an association between any of the remaining risk factors or biomarkers with measures of outdoor air pollution. These findings indicate that long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with elevated serum triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol. This requires further investigation to determine the reasons for this association.

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Keipert, N., D. Weaver, R. Summers, M. Clarke, and S. Neville. "Guiding BMP adoption to improve water quality in various estuarine ecosystems in Western Australia." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 11 (June 1, 2008): 1749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.276.

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The Australian Government's Coastal Catchment Initiative (CCI) seeks to achieve targeted reductions in nutrient pollution to key coastal water quality hotspots, reducing algal blooms and fish kills. Under the CCI a Water Quality Improvement Plan (WQIP) is being prepared for targeted estuaries (Swan–Canning, near Perth, and the Vasse–Geographe, 140 km south of Perth) to address nutrient pollution issues. A range of projects are developing, testing and implementing agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) to reduce excessive loads of nutrients reaching the receiving waters. This work builds on progress-to-date achieved in a similar project in the Peel–Harvey Catchment (70 km south of Perth). It deals with the necessary steps of identifying the applicability of BMPs for nutrient attenuation, developing and promoting BMPs in the context of nutrient use and attenuation on farm and through catchments and estimating the degree to which BMP implementation can protect receiving waters. With a range of BMPs available with varying costs and effectiveness, a Decision Support System (DSS) to guide development of the WQIP and implementation of BMPs to protect receiving waters, is under development. As new information becomes available the DSS will be updated to ensure relevance and accuracy for decision-making and planning purposes. The DSS, calibrated for application in the catchments, will play a critical role in adaptive implementation of the WQIP by assessing the effect of land use change and management interventions on pollutant load generation and by providing a tool to guide priority setting and investment planning to achieve agreed WQIP load targets.

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Farrar, D., P. Dingle, and R. Tan. "Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide in Buses, Taxis, and Bicycles in Perth, Western Australia." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 66, no. 4 (April 2001): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001280024.

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Дисертації з теми "Air Pollution Western Australia Perth"

Siddique, Sharif Rayhan. "Development of policies to ameliorate the environmental impact of cars in Perth City, using the results of a stated preference survey and air pollution modelling." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Business, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0165.

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[Truncated abstract] Air pollution is increasingly perceived to be a serious intangible threat to humanity, with air quality continuing to deteriorate in most urban areas. The main sources of inner city pollution are motor vehicles, which generate emissions from the tail pipe as well as by evaporation. These contain toxic gaseous components which have adverse health effects. The major components are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulates (PM10), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are major emissions from cars. This study focuses on pollutant concentration in Perth city and has sought to develop measures to improve air quality. To estimate concentrations, the study develops air pollution models for CO and NOx; on the basis of the model estimates, effective policy is devised to improve the air quality by managing travel to the city. Two peaks, due to traffic, are observed in hourly CO and NOx concentrations. Unlike traffic, however, the morning peak does not reach the level of the afternoon peak. The reasons for this divergence are assessed and quantified. Separate causal models of hourly concentrations of CO and NOx explain their fluctuations accurately. They take account of the complex effects of the urban street canyon and winds in the city. The angle of incidence of the wind has significant impact on pollution level; a wind flow from the south-west increases pollution and wind from the north-east decreases it. The models have been shown to be equivalent to engineering and scientific models in estimating emission rate in the context of street canyons. However the study models are much more precise in the Perth context. ... The models are used to calculate the marginal effects for all attributes and elasticity for fuel price. In almost all attributes the non-work group is more responsive than the work group. Finally, the SP model results are integrated into an econometric model for the purpose of prediction. The travel behaviour prediction is used to estimate the policy impact on air quality. The benefit from the air quality improvement is reported in terms of life saved. The estimated relationships between probability of death and air pollution determines the number of lives that could be saved under various policy scenarios. A ratio of benefits to the financial and perceived sacrifices by drivers is calculated to compare the effectiveness of the suggested policies. A car size charge policy was found to be the most cost effective measure to ameliorate the environmental impact of cars in Perth, with a morning peak entry time charge being almost as cost effective. The study demonstrates the need for appropriate modelling of air pollution and travel behaviour. It brings together analytical methods at three levels of causality, vehicle to air pollution, charge to travel response, and air pollution to health.

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Baudains, Catherine Mary. "Environmental education in the workplace : inducing voluntary transport behaviour change to decrease single occupant vehicle trips by commuters into the Perth CBD." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browser/view/adt-MU20040310.121357.

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Частини книг з теми "Air Pollution Western Australia Perth"

Cope, Martin, and Dale Hess. "The Application of an Integrated Meteorological Air Quality Modelling System to a Photochemical Smog Event in Perth, Australia." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XII, 609–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9128-0_63.

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Hajbane, S., and C. Pattiaratchi. "Patterns of Plastic Pollution in Offshore, Nearshore, and Estuarine Waters of Perth, Western Australia." In Fate and Impact of Microplastics in Marine Ecosystems, 13. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812271-6.00014-4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Air Pollution Western Australia Perth"

"An Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) model study of the integrated effects of vegetation on local air pollution in the Western Suburbs of Perth, WA." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.e1.saunders.

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