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Дисертації з теми "Air – Pollution – Mexico"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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1

GoÌmez-Perales, Jorge Eduardo. "Commuters' exposure to air pollution in Mexico City." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420416.

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2

Belausteguigoitia, Juan Carlos. "Economic theory, political economy and pollution : essays on air pollution in Mexico City." Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306393.

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3

Leautaud, Juan Alberto, and César Pérez-Barnés. "Energy and infrastructure policies for mitigating air pollution in Mexico City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44480.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-229).
by Juan Alberto Leautaud and César Pérez-Barnés.
M.S.

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4

Alvarez, Sergio L. Shauck Maxwell Eustace. "A 2007 aircraft-based study of plumes from biomass burning origin from Mexico and Central America advected over south Texas and the western Gulf of Mexico." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5326.

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5

Chandru, Santosh. "Trans-boundary pollutant impacts of emissions in the Imperial Valley-Calexico region and from Southern California." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24770.

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Анотація:

Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Russell, Armistead; Committee Member: Mulholland, James; Committee Member: Odman, Talat.

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6

Lezama, de la Torre Jose Luis. "The ideological and political construction of environment : air pollution policies for Mexico City: 1979-1996." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342302.

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7

Roth, Kellyn E. (Kellyn Elizabeth) 1975. "The air pollution implications of the residential sector : case study of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29951.

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Анотація:

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-131).
The residential sector has been a long-acknowledged, but seldom-addressed, source of air pollution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The combination of high emission levels and large numbers of people directly exposed means that the indoor environment is a unique situation. If current trends of demographic growth, urbanization and increased appliance saturation continue, the urgency to address residential sector emissions will increase considerably. Additionally, households have wide-reaching impacts on many sectors including industry through the demand for appliances, power generation and fuel suppliers through the demand for energy, services through the demand for infrastructure, and many more. Through recent efforts, researchers at MIT and in Mexico have attempted to understand and represent the residential sector, to identify and mitigate emissions release and exposure, most of which is energy-related. To reduce energy consumption, and thus emissions, in the home several strategies have been considered: reduced and improved use of fuel; increased energy efficiency; fuel leakage prevention and improved practices; improved building efficiency; and improved fuel transmission and delivery. Another issue of concern in this sector is the use of toxic solvents. Household air pollution reduction strategy outcomes are difficult to predict because of the diversity of households (e.g., size, income, location) within the residential sector. Determination of the factors that affect energy consumption and household behavior would be very useful to decision makers as they develop more targeted policies for the provision of energy services and reduction of household-generated emissions.
by Kellyn E. Roth.
S.M.

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8

Krebs, Daniel J. (Daniel James) 1975. "A tale of two cities : the regulation of particulate air pollution in Mexico City and Los Angeles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68354.

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Анотація:

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-114).
Mexico City and Los Angeles have employed very similar air pollution abatement programs yet their results have been disparate. Particulate and ozone pollution levels have been significantly reduced in Los Angeles but not in Mexico City. The reasons for this difference in effectiveness are specific to each context. The implementing agencies in Mexico City lack the requisite institutional capacity, political resources and financial resources to adequately address the particulate and ozone air pollution problem. Subsequently, any policies aimed at reducing the particulate levels in Mexico City need to be tailored towards overcoming these institutional barriers. Policies that can accommodate these constraints include creating an independent, autonomous regulatory agency, increasing environmental education and activism at a grass roots level and coupling health and environmental concerns so that air pollution abatement programs provide net fiscal benefits.
by Daniel J. Krebs.
M.C.P.

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9

Shores, Christopher. "Sources and Transport of Black Carbon at the United States-Mexico Border near San Diego-Tijuana." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76772.

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At international border areas that suffer from poor quality, assessment of pollutant sources and transport across the border is important for designing effective air quality management strategies. As part of the Cal-Mex 2010 field campaign at the US-Mexico border in San Diego and Tijuana, we measured black carbon (BC) concentrations at three locations in Mexico and one in the United States. The measurements were intended to support the following objectives: to characterize the spatial and temporal variability in BC concentrations and emissions in the border region, to identify potential source areas of BC emissions, and to characterize the cross-border transport of BC and assess its impact on local and regional air quality. BC concentrations at Parque Morelos, the campaign's supersite, averaged 2.1 ?g m?? and reached a maximum value of 55.9 ?g m??. This average value is comparable to levels in large American cities like Los Angeles and similarly sized Mexican cities like Mexicali. The maximum value occurred near midnight, and similar incidents were observed on nearly half of the overnight monitoring periods. BC and carbon monoxide (CO) were strongly correlated at the Mexican sites. The BC/CO ratio was ~3 times higher in Tijuana than in Mexico City, suggesting that gasoline-powered vehicles in Tijuana emit more BC than is typical or that diesel vehicles comprise a relatively high proportion of the vehicle fleet. Tijuana's emissions of BC are estimated to be 380-1470 metric tons yr??. BC measurements were used in conjunction with modeled wind fields to simulate forward and backward particle trajectories. Generally, BC in Tijuana appears to originate locally, as backward simulations showed transport from the US into Mexico at only one site. The majority of the trajectory analyses indicate that there is often transport from Tijuana into the US, crossing the border in a northeasterly direction to the east of San Diego-Tijuana and sometimes as far east as Imperial County at the eastern edge of California. These results suggest that any air quality management strategies considering BC should account for contributions from the border region, as BC is chemically inert in the atmosphere and can travel up to thousands of kilometers.
Master of Science

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10

Grimaldi, Dulce Maria. "Painting techniques and deterioration due to air pollution of the wall paintings of the Aztecs at the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, in Mexico City." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/MQ52991.pdf.

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11

TORRES, JARDÓN RICARDO. "COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE SENSITIVITY OF OZONE TO NITROGEN OXIDES AND VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN TWO DISSIMILAR METROPOLITAN AREAS OF NORTH AMERICA: CINCINNATI, OH (U.S.A.) AND MEXICO CITY, DF (MEXICO)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100032213.

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12

"Disconnected: Investigating the Social and Political Conditions Shaping Mexico City’s Air Quality Regulatory Environment." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49272.

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abstract: Mexico City has an ongoing air pollution issue that negatively affects its citizens and surroundings with current structural disconnections preventing the city from improving its overall air quality. Thematic methodological analysis reveals current obstacles and barriers, as well as variables contributing to this persistent problem. A historical background reveals current programs and policies implemented to improve Mexico’s City air quality. Mexico City’s current systems, infrastructure, and policies are inadequate and ineffective. There is a lack of appropriate regulation on other modes of transportation, and the current government system fails to identify how the class disparity in the city and lack of adequate education are contributing to this ongoing problem. Education and adequate public awareness can potentially aid the fight against air pollution in the Metropolitan City.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Justice Studies 2018

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13

Baynham, Linda. "Air pollution and transportation in Mexico City Focus on the Hoy no Circula traffic restriction program /." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37497894.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1997.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leavs 68-69).

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14

Levy, Misti E. "Atmospheric Measurements of Submicron Aerosols at the California-Mexico Border and in Houston, Texas." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149378.

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Using an innovative arrangement of instruments to obtain a comprehensive set of properties, we present a description of the submicron aerosol properties for two distinct regions. During the 2009 SHARP/SOOT campaign in Houston, TX, the average effective density was 1.54 ± 0.07 g cm^-3, consistent with a population comprised largely of sulfates and organics Even in low concentrations (0.31 ± 0.22 µg m^-3), black carbon concentration has a significant impact on the overall density and optical properties. Under prevailing northerly winds, the average black carbon concentration increases from 0.26 ± 0.18 µg m^-3 to 0.60 ± 0.21 µg m^-3. Throughout the campaign, aerosols are often internally mixed, with one peak in the effective density distribution located at 1.55 ± 0.07 g cm^-3. In addition, we conclude that in this region the meteorology has a discernible impact on the concentration and properties of aerosols. After a frontal passage, there is a significant shift in the size distribution as the concentration of <100 nm particles increase and the average effective density decreases to 1.43 ± 0.08 g cm^-3. In Tijuana, Mexico, the submicron aerosols are heavily influenced by vehicle emissions. We observe an average single scattering albedo of 0.75. This average SSA is lower than observed in many US urban environments, and indicates a high concentration of black carbon. The average black carbon concentration is 2.71 ± 2.65 g cm^-3. The aerosol size distributions reveal a high concentration of small particles (< 100 nm) during the day, which are frequently associated with vehicle emissions. Overall, 46 and 81 nm particles are hydrophobic, have an average effective near 1.30 g cm^-3, a higher volatile growth factors than the larger particles, and exhibit a distinct diurnal cycle, which, on average, ranges between 0.80 during the afternoon and 1.70 g cm^-3 overnight. 46 and 81 nm distributions indicate a uniform aerosol composition. 151 and 240 nm aerosols are less cyclical, and the hygroscopicity, volatility, and effect density distributions all exhibit a bimodal distribution, which indicates an external mixture of aerosols. Black carbon and vehicle and industrial organic emissions appear to be the main components of the external mixture.

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15

Van, der Merwe Timothy David. "The carbon tax as a market-based enforcement mechanism to ensure compliance with environmental law and address pollution." Diss., 2018. http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/25643.

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This study emanates from the worldwide issue of climate change, as well as the need for all nations to make an effort to reduce their carbon emissions and move towards greener economies. It delves into South Africa's current command-and-control environmental enforcement regime and highlights the pitfalls that allow major air polluters to avoid sanction of any form in many instances. This poor environmental enforcement and compliance effectively means that South Africa is unlikely to be capable of meeting targets set under international agreements. The study confirms that environmental enforcement is inadequately addressed in South Africa. This is attributable to the inherent shortcomings of command-and-control approaches, including that they are inflexible and offer few incentives for firms to modify behaviour to reduce emissions. Poor enforcement of environmental legislation results in negative externalities caused by air pollution being borne by people who did not create such pollution. The study therefore advocates the use of market-based mechanisms as an alternative to traditional command-and-control approaches to environmental enforcement. In light of the South African government's recent publication of the Draft Carbon Tax Bill, carbon taxes as a subset of market-based environmental enforcement mechanisms have the potential to better enforce the polluter pays principle. Mexico, arguably the most forward-thinking developing nation in terms of climate change mitigation, has taken numerous steps towards meeting international commitments, including the implementation of a carbon tax. While South Africa's proposed carbon tax does differ from Mexico's in some respects, the basic premise remains the same and some comparisons can be made in this regard, with accompanying lessons to be learned. Such lessons include that it is imperative that the carbon tax must be set at a high enough rate to meet international commitments whilst at the same time avoiding adverse economic effects, maintaining social welfare and stabilising economic output levels. The proposed carbon tax, while unable to achieve this on its own, is a good place to start and should be utilised in conjunction with the Draft Climate Change Bill to effectively and efficaciously bring about the required change. The proposed carbon tax undoubtedly has the potential to better hold major air polluters responsible for their CO2 and other GHG emissions.
Private Law
LL. M.

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