Дисертації з теми "Air Europa"
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Börngen, Michael, Gerd Tetzlaff, and Manfred Mudelsee. "Zu den Niederschlags- und Abflussverhältnissen in Europa im Jahr 1816, dem "Jahr ohne Sommer"." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-217031.
Повний текст джерелаThe year 1816 is known in climatology as the "Year without Summer". The eruption of the Tambora volcano on the Indonesian island Sumbawa in 1815 led to catastrophic crop failures over many parts of the world in the following year. Whereas in North America those failures originated from extraordinarily low summer temperatures, causes in Europe seem to have been below-normal temperatures as well as above-normal rainfall. Contemporary reports and also precipitation and river gauge measurements from different parts of Europe document enhanced precipitation in July 1816 ("Erntemonat") and high discharges of large European rivers in years 1816 and 1817
Börngen, Michael, Gerd Tetzlaff, and Manfred Mudelsee. "Zu den Niederschlags- und Abflussverhältnissen in Europa im Jahr 1816, dem 'Jahr ohne Sommer'." Universität Leipzig, 2002. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15222.
Повний текст джерелаThe year 1816 is known in climatology as the 'Year without Summer'. The eruption of the Tambora volcano on the Indonesian island Sumbawa in 1815 led to catastrophic crop failures over many parts of the world in the following year. Whereas in North America those failures originated from extraordinarily low summer temperatures, causes in Europe seem to have been below-normal temperatures as well as above-normal rainfall. Contemporary reports and also precipitation and river gauge measurements from different parts of Europe document enhanced precipitation in July 1816 ('Erntemonat') and high discharges of large European rivers in years 1816 and 1817.
Loewenstein, Andreas. "European air transport within the international system of air regulation." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60432.
Повний текст джерелаIn the framework of the creation of the European Internal Market, to be achieved before 1993, the European civil aviation industry is submitted to an accelerated integration and liberalization process. It comprises the opening of national markets to all Community carriers, the application of a common competition regime to all EEC-related flights and the transfer of regulatory functions to the EEC institutions. The EEC might, at the end of this process, acquire exclusive competences for the regulation of interior and exterior aviation matters.
The structure of the International System of Air Transport Regulation and the European air law in place and in the planning stage have to be analyzed with the aim of exploring the compatibility of the European Integrated Air Market with global legal requirements. Where the International system as well as the EEC legal order show imbalances or come into conflict potential solutions are studied.
Castro, Maria Inês Fernandes. "Air connectivity and economic growth." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20699.
Повний текст джерелаO objetivo desta tese de Mestrado é estudar a correlação entre a conetividade aérea e algumas variáves que contribuem para o crescimento económico, e já mencionadas em estudos realizados anteriormente. Para atingir este objetivo, e relativamente aos dados da conetividade aérea, foi utilizado o modelo do Netscan. Os dados das variáveis económicas foram fornecidos pelo Banco Mundial e pela Eurostat. Os resultados empíricos desta tese, juntamente com as conclusões apresentadas na Revisão de Literatura, permitem-nos determinar que existe uma relação de causa-efeito entre a conetividade aérea e as variáveis económicas. Logo, a conetividade áerea pode contribuir para aumentar o crescimento económico dos países, nomeadamente da UE27. Em comparação com estudos realizados anteriormente, esta tese distingue os diferentes impactos que a conetividade do Aeroporto e a conetividade do Hub têm sobre as variáveis económicas que estão relacionadas com o crescimento ecomómico. Esta distinção é especialmente relevante ao nível da correlação entre a conetividade do Hub e o PIB, na medida em que a mesma é cada vez mais forte. Adicionalmente, este estudo utiliza dados específicos de aeroportos da União Europeia. É possível observar uma diferença significativa entre Portugal/Lisboa e os principais Hubs europeus. Desta forma, torna-se claro que Portugal deve aumentar a sua conetividade do Hub, que pode ser alcançada se for aproveitada a vantagem da sua localização geográfica, nomeadamente em relação aos continentes Americano e Africano. Assim, esta pode ser uma excelente oportunidade para Portugal conseguir alcançar um maior crescimento e desenvolvimento económicos.
This Master's thesis aims to study the correlation between air connectivity, and some economic variables, which contribute to economic growth already mentioned in previous researches. In order to achieve this goal, and regarding the air connectivity data, the Netscan model was used, developed by SEO Aviation Economics, in partnership with ACI (Airports Council International), World Bank, and Eurostat provided the economic variables' data. The empirical results of this thesis and the conclusions presented in the literature survey allow determining that there is a cause-effect relationship between air connectivity and the economic variables. Therefore, air connectivity can contribute to increase countries' economic growth, mainly the EU27. In comparison with previous research, this thesis distinguishes the different impacts that both airport connectivity and hub connectivity can have in economic variables related to growth. This distinction appears to be relevant as the correlation between Hub connectivity and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is becoming stronger. In addition, this study is conducted using data for specific airports in the European Union. In the case of Portugal, we observe a very significant difference between Portugal/Lisbon and the main European hubs. With that in mind, it is clear that Portugal should increase its Hub connectivity, which could be achieved by taking advantage of its geographic position, mainly regarding the American and African continents. By doing so, it could be an exceptional opportunity for Portugal to achieve a higher economic development and growth.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Asele, Massamo Ayele, and Ebrahim Ahmed Awol. "Building Sustainable Earnings : Low Cost Model-Based Air Carriers in Europe." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-36621.
Повний текст джерелаAndersson, Camilla. "Air pollution dependency on climate variability and source region : past, current and future air pollution scenarios over Europe /." Stockholm : Department of applied environmental science, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-25947.
Повний текст джерелаZdanowska, Natalia. "Intégration des villes d'Europe centrale et orientale dans l'économie-monde depuis 1989 : une entrée par les réseaux internationaux de commerce, de transport aérien et de firmes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H061.
Повний текст джерелаA quarter of century after the fall of the Berlin Wall, radical political and economic changes, integration into the world economy and the European Union, and the recent reinforcement of nationalism are still persistent subjects of debate with regards to the future of Central and Eastern Europe. This thesis examines three major transformative forces in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 at city-level: europeanisation, globalization and endogenous changes – related to path dependence effects. The dynamics of these three forces are analyzed by looking at the evolution of economic exchanges of CEE cities with other worldwide cities in the context of transnational and globalized networks – air traffic and firms. They are confronted with trade networks at country level. This dissertation illustrates that integration into the world-economy has deepened polarization in Central and Eastern Europe between the Nord-West and the South-West. This integration process or different types of integration are not only a matter for big cities and metropolises. In spite of the predominance of europeanisation, links from the communist period continue to be a major economic force, especially for small and medium-sized cities, reflecting the historical in-between situation of Central and Eastern Europe
Ćwierć wieku później, radykalne zmiany polityczne i gospodarcze po upadku Muru Berlińskiego, integracja z gospodarką światową, przystąpienie do Unii Europejskiej oraz nasilające się tendencje nacjonalistyczne są wciąż bieżącymi tematami w dyskusji o przyszłości Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. W tym kontekście, dysertacja proponuje analizę zmian systemowych, które dokonały się w regionie na poziomie miast. Przedmiotem badania są trzy procesy towarzyszące transformacjom po 1989: europeizacja, globalizacja oraz przemiany w regionie uwarunkowane relacjami z przeszłości. Dynamika wymienionych trzech procesów zostanie zbadana w odniesieniu do wymian ekonomicznych między miastami Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej a innymi miastami Europy i świata w sferze międzynarodowych powiązań lotniczych i firmowych, porównanych z siecią handlową ukształtowaną między państwami regionu. Wnioski badawcze wykazują, że w rezultacie integracji z gospodarką światową pogłębia się polaryzacja przestrzeni Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w układzie północny zachód i południowy wschód. Różnorodność typów integracji odnosi się nie tylko do metropolii i dużych miast. Wobec dominującej siły europeizacji, powiązania z miastami z czasów komunistycznych są nadal ważnym aspektem funkcjonowania miast małych i średnich, ilustrując zarazem historyczną sytuację entre-deux Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Jones, Julie M. "Implications of climate change for acidic deposition over Europe." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389227.
Повний текст джерелаHalkos, George Emmanuel. "Economic perspectives of the acid rain problem in Europe." Thesis, University of York, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333701.
Повний текст джерелаМареха, Ірина Сергіївна, Ирина Сергеевна Мареха, and Iryna Serhiivna Marekha. "European air quality management: co-production of science and policy." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8238.
Повний текст джерелаJerez, López Pamela, Nuñez Carolina Jofré, and Letelier Daniela Burgos. "Logica borrosa aplicada en ADR de Europa, Asia y Latinoamerica." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111400.
Повний текст джерелаAutores no autorizan el acceso a texto completo de su documento
El presente trabajo, continúa con la línea de investigación relativa a modelos predictivos, como las técnicas de algoritmos genéticos y redes neuronales, media móvil, momentum, modelos Arima etc.; en este caso para los ADR pertenecientes a Asia, Europa y Latinoamérica. Todos Estos modelos anteriores, paramétricos o no paramétricos, lineales y no lineales, buscan reconocer patrones de comportamiento y relaciones que se expresan en un lenguaje matemático, a través de la estimación de coeficientes y su significancia estadística. Sin embargo, el actual trabajo se ha adoptado un enfoque distinto. En vez de utilizar operadores matemáticos sobre datos, optimizando los polinomios predictores en forma matemática, se han utilizado los datos para construir un modelo que permita traducir un razonamiento aproximado a forma matemática de modo de deducir reglas de decisión basadas en la lógica reflejada en los datos históricos. Este enfoque tiene el mérito de que las predicciones siguen una lógica, más que obedecer a operaciones matemáticas. La mayoría de los agentes que participan en el mercado accionario, utiliza un lenguaje que incorpora aspectos cualitativos para referirse, por ejemplo, al precio de un activo, a la rentabilidad de la inversión, etc. En este contexto, los modelos cuantitativos tienen dificultades para absorber esta información, lo que plantea la necesidad de desarrollar y analizar el uso de nuevas técnicas que permitan incorporar este tipo de referencias. La metodología de lógica borrosa, basada en la idea de que las variables deben ser manejadas no como un número sino más bien por las características que ellas presentan, viene a dar respuesta a esta inquietud. Se utilizaron series históricas de cotizaciones de ADR pertenecientes a Europa, Asia y Latinoamérica, en el período comprendido entre el 31 de octubre de 2003 y el 22 de septiembre de. Se construyó un modelo de lógica borrosa, para efectos de probar la metodología en escenarios diferentes, en este caso de desarrollo a nivel de los continente seleccionados y así probar nuestra hipótesis “El modelo predictivo de precios accionarios, basado en la metodología de lógica borrosa, posee mayor potencial predictor en los mercados desarrollados”. La cual fue rechazada debido a que los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la metodología de Lógica Borrosa en ADR no tuvo un efecto muy significativo con respecto al nivel de desarrollo de los mercados respectivos a cada ADR. El presente trabajo se divide en cuatro secciones: la sección uno presenta un resumen de los conceptos básicos de lógica borrosa; en la sección dos se explica la teoría de los ADR; la sección tres, tiene cono objetivo entregar información practica y útil de los mercados de Asia, Latinoamérica y Europa; la sección cuatro aborda la aplicación de la metodología de la lógica borrosa en los ADR seleccionados; en la sección cinco se presentan los resultados y las conclusiones del estudio
Brown, Alan Clifford. "The Czechoslovak Air Force in Britain, 1940-1945." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42318/.
Повний текст джерелаPreunkert, Susanne. "History of European air pollution inferred from Alpine ice cores." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701204.
Повний текст джерелаMencik, von Zebinsky A. A. (Aloïs Alexandre). "European Union external competence and external relations in air transport." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22700.
Повний текст джерелаRussell, Jonathan Edward. "The application of decision analysis to the acid deposition problem in Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257166.
Повний текст джерелаLemaire, Vincent. "Hiérarchisation des déterminants de la composition atmosphérique future en Europe." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX091/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe atmospheric composition is mainly driven by the emission of primary pollutants and precursors and meteorology. Because of its sensitivity to unfavorable weather patterns, air pollution is expected to be sensitive to climate change. That is why the aim of this work is to estimate the effect of climate change over air pollution in Europe at the end of the century. To achieve this we rely on modeling which allow to cover such timescales. To reduce uncertainties and quantify the effect of climate change on air quality, ensemble approaches should be applied. However, the computing cost of such methods is substantial. To overcome this issue we developed a statistical method which does not require forcing a chemistry and transport model with a large ensemble of climate projections. The results obtained with this statistical method are in good agreement with full chemistry-transport models when considering long time periods. But we point out the limits of the method when focusing on extreme pollution events. The statistical model can be used to assess the uncertainty of using a comprehensive ensemble of climate forcing in terms of air quality impacts. The statistical approach can also help identifying a subset of climate forcing that should be explored in priority to drive chemistry-transport models.Such a subset of climate models is however only available at a degraded vertical resolution on existing databases such as EuroCordex. To quantify the error induced when using a meteorological variables only saved for a few vertical levels, a sensitivity study focused on the impact of the vertical resolution of the meteorological data has been perfomed. We emphasized that a minimum of 10 vertical levels and some specific variables were required to study the impact of climate change on air quality to keep the error lower than the climate change signal.Finally, we use the statistical method to compare the climate change effect and the future emissions reduction impact estimated also with a surrogate model. We exhibit that the magnitude of climate benefit for PM2.5 will be comparable to the emissions reductions of the dominant sector in each country studied. These emissions decreases will therefore be reinforced the climate change. On the opposite, for SOMO35, the climate penalty will jeopardize the emission reductions between 2010 and 2050. We also evaluate that climate change will become more important than the expected reduction emissions signal
Papadoulis, Constantinos J. "National skies in European disguise : air-transport politics and policy in the European Community, 1987-1993." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1421/.
Повний текст джерелаSakhuja, Rohit. "Air interface standards for digital mobile cellular systems in the U.S., Europe and Japan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36593.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 152-156).
by Rohit Sakhuja.
M.Eng.
Lafaye, Alexandre. "Integrators’ Air Network A review of the Domestic Express European Market." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3073.
Повний текст джерелаThe express industry witnessed dramatic growth during the 1990’s with an economic environment changing toward globalisation. Integrators’ international expansion has been supported by extensive transportation networks applying the model developed by FedEx: the hub and spoke model. This report investigates integrators’ air network configurations within a specific geographical area: the intra-European market. The research has been focused on the big four integrators, DHL, FedEx, TNT and UPS and provides an analysis on their strategy. Before presenting integrators, a review of the different network models presents the major role played by the Hub and Spoke network in the express freight industry. This model is one of the strategic foundations of the integrators’ success. Afterwards, the paper deals with three objectives. It first identifies the hub and spoke network configurations selected by integrators in Europe. Then, work uncovers the drivers behind network configuration. Finally, the key factors influencing the European Hub location are discussed through the case of the DHL move to Leipzig. This paper provides a location analysis and compares Brussels to Leipzig in term of distance to the core market. This paper brings several conclusions. First of all, there is a strategic area to locate a central hub in Europe, between Amsterdam Liege & Paris. Moreover several factors influence central hub selection as followed: market proximity, Airport capacity 1 , environmental restrictions 2 , operational cost and capacity of driving traffic are the key factors. Secondly, two hub and spoke configurations are used by integrators in Europe, the single hub and spoke network with pickup stopovers and feeders and the multi-hub and spoke configuration. Finally, network configuration relies particularly on the size of business and the transport strategy elected. 1 This term includes slots restrictions, runway capacity, and possibility of building logistic facilities. 2 Includes night curfews and environmental concerns of the local community
Leupold, Bettina. "Krankenhausmärkte in Europa : aus der Perspektive des europäischen Beihilfenrechts /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994650442/04.
Повний текст джерелаDoyle, Martin. "The changing visual and air quality resource in northwest Europe : in situ and remote measurements." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423784.
Повний текст джерелаDorling, Stephen R. "Cluster analysis and the meteorological controls on air and precipitation chemistry in north-west Europe." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332324.
Повний текст джерелаRenner, Stephen. "The Hungarian Air Service, 1918-45." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e0bc090c-41fc-413c-bbe2-37aa06b90dbe.
Повний текст джерелаHolderbach, Hans. "The air transport relations between the European Union and the United States." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0026/MQ50935.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHolderbach, Hans. "The air transport relations between the European Union and the United States /." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21684.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis studies the legal rules affecting the EU - US relations and analyses to what extent these rules are shaped by political and economic interests. Special attention is paid to the convergence and divergence of the parties' legal regimes and policies, and to the prospects for an agreement on the essential issues of a complete bilateral agreement between the US and the EU.
De, Matos Paula Alexandra Leal. "The development of decision support models for European air traffic flow management." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2547/.
Повний текст джерелаScotto, Anastasia Lidia <1980>. "Impatto ambientale dei rifiuti e degli sprechi agroalimentari in Europa e in Italia." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5065/.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the fact that a substantial part of the world's population still lives at subsistence levels of consumption, there are indications that human activities are already overstretching the globe's limited resources and environmental services. The cause of this overstretch is the high per capita use of resources and environmental services from unsustainable consumption and production patterns in developed countries. The Kyoto Protocol and The European Commission have set a target of a 12% reduction in GHG emissions by 2012 and a 20% reduction by 2020. Italy's emissions reduction target under the Kyoto Protocol is to reduce by 2012 greenhouse gas emissions by 6.5 per cent below base-year levels. There is an increased concern about our environmental impacts and how we can reduce GHG emissions. The efforts to reduce the environmental impacts are generally targeted to energy plants and transports. There is much less awareness about the environmental impacts of the food supply chain. This lack of awareness is even more striking if we consider that it is widely acknowledged that agriculture has a great impact on the environment and that about 50% of food produced worldwide is lost from farm to fork. In light of this analysis, in this research I have quantified food waste produced along the food supply chain in Europe and in Italy and I have evaluated its environmental impacts. With this research I show the importance of diminishing food chain's inefficiencies to minimize our environmental impact and to reduce climate change.
Giard, Timothée M. "The control of state aid to airlines by the European Commission /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78215.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Grandmont Philippe. "Soon to be paperless, but nevertheless not lawless : legal challenges surrounding the publication of aeronautical information." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99133.
Повний текст джерелаPay, Pérez Maria Teresa. "Regional and urban evaluation of an air quality modelling system in the European and Spanish domains." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/52808.
Повний текст джерелаThe impact of air pollution is a critical topic in environment and climate. Poor air quality is an important public health issue, especially in urban environments. Particulate matter (PM), tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the main problematic pollutants in Europe and Spain. The European Commission has shown a great concern for developing actions that allow increasing the knowledge on dynamics of atmospheric pollutants to assure the accomplishment of legislation and to inform the population about their levels. The European directive 2008/50/EC establishes the possibility of using modelling techniques to assess air quality. This Ph.D. thesis is developed in the framework of two projects: the CALIOPE project and the CGL2006-08903 CICYT project, both based on the necessity to develop an air quality modelling system that allows assessing and understanding the air pollution levels in Europe and Spain, with the aim of obtaining a precise air quality forecast. For that purpose, the CALIOPE air quality modelling system has been developed with high spatial and temporal resolution over Europe (12 km x 12 km, 1 h), as a mother domain; and Spain (4 km x 4 km, 1 h), as the nested domain. The CALIOPE system consists in a set of models that take into account both anthropogenic and natural pollution. The availability of the MareNostrum supercomputer, held in Barcelona Supercomputing Center- Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, has allowed such configuration of the CALIOPE system. The main objective of the present Ph.D. thesis is to increase the scientific confidence on the CALIOPE system, identifying skills and weakness with a degree of detail that contributes to establish necessities of improvements in the modelling process. Therefore, the present work has spatially and temporally evaluated CALIOPE air quality simulations over Europe and Spain in terms of O3, NO2, SO2, PM2.5, PM10 concentrations over the full year 2004. In order to identify the origin of uncertainties in PM modelling, PM chemical composition has been also evaluated in both target domains. Evaluations have been performed across more than 150 air quality-monitoring stations and over more than 2 million of experimental data. Furthermore, this Ph.D. thesis has used the CALIOPE system to assess air quality pattern over the year 2004, identifying clearly the areas of air pollution. There are three major thrusts of the present Ph.D. thesis. First, chemical boundary condition based on a global model, such as LMDz-INCA2, becomes essential to model O3 background concentrations in the target domains. Second, to simulate PM concentration in southern Europe, both regional and urban scales, the contribution of dust from the Saharan desert should be taken into account, since that region is frequently affected by dust outbreaks due to its proximity to the African continent. The contribution of desert dust through the BSC-DREAM8b helps to satisfactory model the observed episodic PM10 concentration peaks. Even more, the contribution of sea-salt aerosol is especially important over coastal areas. Third, to be able to model the air quality in urban scale over Spain it is essential (1) a high spatial (4 km x 4 km and 15 layers) and temporal (1h) resolution that allows describing mesoscale phenomena in very complex terrains; (2) a high disaggregated emission model to describe the sources, such as HERMES; and (3) an state-of-the-science meteorological and chemical models. This Ph.D. thesis has demonstrated that CALIOPE system applied over Europe and Spain is a useful tool which may contribute to (1) forecast air pollution in urban/suburban areas with a pervasive influence of anthropogenic emissions on a local scale and over very complex terrains and meteorology patterns; (2) assess about air pollution, discriminating between anthropogenic and natural episodes; and (3) manage air pollution, by means of modification of urban strategies or requirements of the legislation.
Moeller, Matthew K. "The United States Air Force in Europe : an analysis within the post-cold war security environment." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/24084.
Повний текст джерелаBrouelette, Elizabeth. "Instrumental or experimental : a history of U.S. naval air stations in Europe during World War I /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10347.
Повний текст джерелаRey-Ubago, Beatriz del. "The emerging GNSS : Galileo, the European alternative to the Global Positioning System." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78212.
Повний текст джерелаIn an attempt to secure both European political independence and a fair share in the global GNSS market Europe has decided to play an active role by launching Galileo, an autonomous global constellation under the control of civil authorities scheduled to be operational by 2008.
The present thesis analyses the desirability of a suitable legal and institutional GNSS framework to achieve universal acceptance of the GNSS. However, in the context of the present status quo it is unrealistic to expect that the only GNSS signal provider surrender its nationally procured system under the umbrella of an international instrument. National security concerns and industrial policy goals underlie this tendency. The present situation may turn different when the incumbent GPS faces the competition of Galileo, an alternative civil system willing to offer firm legal guarantees of service performance albeit in exchange for a fee. The entire viability of this theory remains however dependent upon the European capability of defining a successful business case for Galileo.
Emberson, Lisa Dianne. "Defining and mapping relative potential sensitivity of European vegetation to ozone." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312278.
Повний текст джерелаTravis, Robin. "Air transport liberalisation in the European Community, 1987-1992 a case of integration /." Uppsala, Sweden : R. Travis : Distributor, Uppsala University Library, 2001. http://books.google.com/books?id=65mKAAAAMAAJ.
Повний текст джерелаVojtovic, Raphaele L. "Liability and risk management in international air transport, a study of European initiatives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/MQ44078.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVojtovic, Raphaële L. "Liability and risk management in international air transport : a study of European initiatives." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20548.
Повний текст джерелаThis analysis indicates that the liberalization of the European insurance and reinsurance markets remains incomplete, given that certain essential aspects linked to the activities of insurance undertakings are not harmonized. This lack of consistency within the European regulatory regime is found to be a source of invisible barriers which hamper the effective application of the European freedoms of establishment and of providing services as established in the Treaty of Rome. Furthermore, the author identifies a potential for growing friction between the different international regulatory regimes governing air carriers liability. Looking to the future, the expected effects of the single European currency and the expansion of the WTO services disciplines is also examined.
The author concludes that the effectiveness of traditional structures and organizations of insurance and reinsurance markets are being challenged by profound structural changes in the industry. In this context, the European liberalization could serve as a model for adapting to this changing environment on a regional level so as to benefit from the opportunities provided by competition and globalization.
JehlicÌŒka, Petr. "A comparative investigation into the dynamics of environmental politics in Western and Eastern Europe 1988-1993 with special reference to the Czech Republic." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325025.
Повний текст джерелаHELTERLIN, Gilles, and Nuno RAMALHO. "How did the deregulation of air transportation in Europe foster entrepreneurial behavior and innovation in the European airline industry over the last twenty years? : Case studies: SAS Airline & Ryanair." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1224.
Повний текст джерелаThe dynamics of business contexts influence the way firms act in their industry. These changes can have effects in several areas within a company. Entrepreneurship and Innovation are two areas that are affected when a change in firm’s environment occurs, like Schumpeter, Shane and Drucker point. Changes in the deregulatory framework are a specific type of change that can occur. According to Entrepreneurship theories, the removal of regulatory barriers creates opportunities to different reallocation of resources that can lead to changes in market equilibrium. This study addresses this relation between deregulation and entrepreneurship-innovation in the European airline industry. With the removal of regulatory barriers, companies like SAS and Ryanair, saw opportunities to do something new and at the same time had to adapt to these “doing something new” behavior of other companies. Entrepreneurship and innovation were the answer to theses changes and the weapon to fight answers to others with this change. Considering this, our statement problem is the following:
How did the deregulation of air transportation in Europe foster entrepreneurial behavior and innovation in the European airline industry over the last twenty years? The case of SAS and Ryanair.
Our goal is to describe the process of deregulation and how firms reacted to it and to give explanations behind the relation deregulation-entrepreneurship, identifying the direct and indirect influence of deregulation in the studied companies. Furthermore, based on this investigation, we will trace possible ways on how future deregulation in Europe can foster further entrepreneurial behavior and innovation.
This thesis was conducted with a positivism scientific ideal and a deductive approach. We used a qualitative method to collect empirical data that could match with the theories we had chosen beforehand. We conducted three interviews with people inside the industry – from airlines (SAS Braathens and SAS) and from airports (LFV). The first two were used as main sources to SAS case study and the third to have a perspective of airline industry. Since we could not get any interview with Ryanair, Ryanair story book was used as main source for this case study.
Our theoretical framework consists of four different broad areas that are interrelated to each other. These areas and the respective theories integrated in them are: institutions and regulation, changes in context and strategic position.
Our study shows that EU deregulation altered the five competitive forces in European airline industry and in turn this fostered entrepreneurship and innovation, as a reaction of firms to adapt to the change in their context. The reaction of Ryanair and SAS through entrepreneurial and innovative behaviour was different due to the differences in their business model. We argue that the removal of barriers to new entrants and the increased rivalry between firms were the main forces that fostered entrepreneurship and innovation. We predict that if further EU deregulation comes (as it is the trend) this will generate more opportunities to entrepreneurship and innovation like it generated in the past.
O'Reilly, Margaret Dolores. "Intensity of competition in a recently deregulated industry : the airline industry of the European Community." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844062/.
Повний текст джерелаMakwana, Shivani Bhupendra. "Transparency, Accountability, Aid and the European Union." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre of Research on Europe, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8109.
Повний текст джерелаMao, Shiyue. "Combats with VOCs - Strategies and Management in China and Europe." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223622.
Повний текст джерелаDet här arbetet syftar till att ta reda på historien och gången i försöken och bekämpa utsläpp av VOC i Kina. Eftersom Kina är ett land som förbisedde miljöproblemen i årtionden (t ex VOC-utsläpp) har Kinas miljöledningssystem inte varit moget och välfungerat mot nuvarande allvarlig miljöföroreningar över Kina. Därför bör ett kraftigare och mer flexibelt system för kontroll av VOC-utsläpp från industrin byggas upp, snabbt. I detta försök försöker man också få fram några rimliga och praktiska förslag till förbättring av miljöledningssystemet med inspiration från europeiska länder och marknader. I detta dokument är "management system" och "behandlingsteknik" i Kina båda grenar som kommer att undersökas noggrant. Skrivbordsundersökningar och intervjuer är viktiga medel för undersökning. När det gäller viss forskning om ledningssystemet undersöks Kinas nationella politik, provinspolitik, utsläppsstandarder etc. Dessutom har även pågående behandlingsteknik i Kina av företag och företag utforskats, med en sammanfattning av VOCs återvinnings- och behandlingstekniker. Europeiska länder har utforskats som pionjärer och modeller för behandling av VOC-utsläpp. Genom att lära sig någon teknik som skapats och tillämpas på EU-marknader kan den kinesiska marknaden också inspireras och introduceras. Slutligen har man också föreslagit en del rekommendationer om förvaltningspolitik och teknikansökan, som en följd av denna studie om utsläpp av VOC i både Kina och Europa.
Sioulas, Andreas. "The relevant market : From an air passenger perspective." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12221.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis intends to analyze and clarify the relevant market within air passenger transport. Further the thesis intends to investigate if there is any difference in air passenger transport in accordance to more general business. The definition of the relevant market is an essential step in order to establish a breach under European competition law. The relevant market includes the relevant product market and the relevant geographic market. The fundamental issue in the relevant product market is whether products are considered to be substitutable and can constitute the same market. The Commission has set a notice which includes methods and criterias and serves as guidelines to courts and companies to define the relevant market. The notice is however not binding for courts. The CJ have developed implementation of the criterias which it tends to refer to even if it is a different branch, however a case-by-case based definition is needed. The definition of the relevant market is based on three main criterias: demand substitutability, supply substitutability and potential competition. Even though the supply substitutability seems not be implemented in a further extension in more general branches, it seems to be of greater importance when defining the relevant market within air passenger transport. The air passenger transport has also established a test called base of origin and base of destination which includes an analysis of price, travel frequencies, comfort of the journey, transfer time to terminals and differences in the qualities and quantities in airports. However according to air passenger transport, travel sequences seems to be the criteria that courts focus most on.
Ahr, Berenice [Verfasser]. "Integration von Infrastrukturen in Europa im historischen Vergleich : Band 2: Telekommunikation (Telefonie) / Berenice Ahr." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1110055838/34.
Повний текст джерелаCzudar, Eniko, Nikolett Ruck, and Karolina Ruwinska. "The customers’ perception of Wizz Air, the largest low–fare low–cost airline in Central Eastern Europe." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-853.
Повний текст джерелаWizz Airline company was established only three years ago. This thesis explores the customers' satisfaction about their services. The data was collected from internet forums and journals. The final conclusion was that the majority are satisfied with Wizz Air's services.
Economides, Constantin 1962. "Air transport law and policy in the Europe of the EEC and ECAC : now and beyond 1992." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55672.
Повний текст джерелаV, Shyian Yu. "Legal regulation of the european common aviation area." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53298.
Повний текст джерелаMorgan, William Thomas. "Pollution aerosol across Northern Europe : assessing properties, processes and effects on regional climate." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pollution-aerosol-across-northern-europe-assessing-properties-processes-and-effects-on-regional-climate(8c347b7e-baa9-4430-af93-911ad77eef7d).html.
Повний текст джерелаCook, Vanessa (Vanessa Ann Trevelyan) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "American aid to the private sector in Central Europe (1989-1993)." Ottawa, 1995.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDusek, Ulrike. "Characterization of marine boundary layer aerosol from north Atlantic and European sources : physical and chemical properties and climate forcing parameters /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10065.
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