Статті в журналах: "AIR DBT"

1

Göritz, Stefan, Helmut Schelkle, Joachim-Gerd Rein, and Simon Urbanek. "Dynamic bubble trap can replace an arterial filter during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery." Perfusion 21, no. 6 (November 2006): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659106070564.

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Objective: The arterial filter (AF) and the dynamic bubble trap (DBT) reduce the number of air microbubbles passing through these devices. The aim of the study was to confirm that the DBT diminishes microbubbles in the arterial line similar to, or better than, the AF, and can replace it. Methods: In a clinical study, we evaluated 60 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, divided into two groups (30 patients each). In the first group, we used an open extracorporeal system, and in the second group, a closed system. For 15 patients in each group, the AF was incorporated, the other 15 patients received the DBT. The microbubbles were counted before and after the AF or DBT, using two-channel-ultrasonic Doppler devices. Results: The exposure of patients to small bubbles (<45μm) is significantly higher in the AF than in the DBT group. The DBT reduces large bubbles (<45μm) better than the AF, with a rate exceeding 16%. Conclusion: The use of the DBT instead of the AF yields higher air micro-bubble removal efficacy, allowing replacement of the AF, assuming the AF is used for air removal purpose only.

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2

Scho¨nburg, Markus, Petr Urbanek, Gunther Erhardt, Uwe Taborski, Hans Plechinger, Stefan Hein, Michael Roth, and Wolf-Peter Klo¨vekorn. "A Dynamic Bubble Trap Reduces Microbubbles During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Case Study." Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 32, no. 3 (September 2000): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/2000323165.

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Microemboli passing to the cerebral circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass can contribute to postoperative neurologic dysfunction. Many studies conclude that air microbubbles predominantly are responsible for this problem. A dynamic bubble trap (DBT) was developed to diminish the number of microbubbles in the arterial line of extracorporeal circulation. The DBT is able to substantially reduce the number of air microbubbles, as shown in two patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, where a high number of microbubbles was assessed. Although a 40-µm arterial filter was used, many bubbles larger than 40 µm occurred in the arterial line. The DBT reduced the number of large microbubbles from 2,267 to 67 in patient 1 and from 897 to 61 in patient 2.

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3

Gunam, Ida Bagus Wayan, Teruo Sone, and Kozo Asano. "Biodesulfurization of the mixture of dibenzothiophene and its alkylated derivatives by Sphingomonas subarctica T7b." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.62584.

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Organosulfur compounds classified as dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) and their derivatives are contained in petroleum. When used as fuel, these substances release SOx emissions, thus contributing to air pollution, acid rain, and climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the content of these organic sulfur compounds in fuels and one way to achieve this is through bacterial desulfurization. This study reports the biodesulfurization process of a mixture of DBT, 4-hexyl DBT, 4,6-dibutyl DBT, and various organosulfur compounds in light gas oil (LGO). The experiment was conducted by treating 1 mL of aromatic organosulfur compounds with 100 mg/L in \textit{n}-tetradecane or 1 mL LGO with 5 mL mineral salts in sulfur-free medium, incubated at 27 °C for 5 days with shaking at 273 rpm. Gas chromatography analyses revealed that the growing Sphingomonas subarctica T7b cells desulfurized and converted 88.29% of DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl as a metabolite while a mixture of DBT and 4,6-dibutyl DBT was desulfurized at 86.40\% and 7.00%, respectively. Furthermore, the mixture of DBT, 4-hexyl DBT, and 4,6-dibutyl DBT had a desulfurization percentage of 84.40%, 41.00%, and 6.66%, respectively, after five days of incubation. The compounds were observed to desulfurize slightly better as single compounds compared to when mixed with other aromatic sulfur compounds.

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4

Ghubayra, Reem, Rachel Hindle, Rana Yahya, Elena F. Kozhevnikova, and Ivan V. Kozhevnikov. "Aerobic Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel Catalyzed by P–Mo–V Heteropoly Acids in the Presence of Aldehyde." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080988.

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Aerobic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of model liquid fuel (dodecane spiked with dibenzothiophene (DBT)) was carried out in the presence of bulk and supported Keggin-type heteropoly acids H3+nPMo12-nVnO40 (HPA-n, n = 0–3) as heterogeneous catalysts and benzaldehyde as a sacrificial reductant. In the presence of bulk H4PMo11VO40 (HPA-1), 100% of DBT was removed from fuel (converted to DBT sulfone) at 60 °C and ambient air pressure. Multiple catalyst reuse without loss of activity was demonstrated. The ODS reaction was strongly inhibited by radical scavengers. An unbranched radical chain mechanism was proposed.

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5

Taleb, Abbas Magid, and Mohammed Abdulraouf Nima. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Aluminum Foil Coated with Polyester in a Direct Evaporative Cooling System." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.04.01.

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An experimental study was carried out for an evaporative cooling system in order to investigate the effect of using an aluminum pad coated with fabric polyester. In the present work, it was considered to use a new different type of cooling medium and test its performance during the change in the wet-bulb temperature and dry-bulb temperature of the supply air outside of the pad, the relative humidity of the supply air, the amount of air supplied (300-600) CFM and also the change of the amount of circulated water (1.75, 2.5, 4.5) liter per minute. A decrease in the WBT of the air was obtained, whereas the WBT of the air entering the pad was 26.5 . In contrast, the WBT of the outside air had reached 23 even though evaporative cooling is an adiabatic process which makes the WBT of the air that comes out of the pad is equal to the entering air WBT. The decrease in DBT is by changing the amount of air and water passing through the aluminum pad, whereas the DBT of the air entering the pad was 45 , while the DBT of the outside air had reached 29 . Also, an essential thing was obtained as this rise in the relative humidity of the air is very small 57%RH compared to the conventional pads, and this gives a positive impression as the air supplied from this pad has less moisture and its ability to carry moisture is much higher than that of air supplied from other pads. This gives a positive impression because the air supplied from this pad has lower humidity and its ability to hold moisture much higher than the air supplied from other traditional pads.

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6

Esparza-López, Carlos J., Carlos Escobar-del Pozo, Karam M. Al-Obaidi, and Marcos Eduardo González-Trevizo. "Improving the Thermal Performance of Indirect Evaporative Cooling by Using a Wet Fabric Device on a Concrete Roof in Hot and Humid Climates." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062213.

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This study investigated an indirect evaporative cooling system (IECS) to control latent heat loss on roof ponds by increasing the evaporation rates on wet fabric membranes. The cooling potential of the proposed system was experimentally tested in a real environment and it was compared against a roof pond and a floating fiber (gunny bags) to provide an efficient model for buildings in hot and humid climates. Dry bulb temperatures (DBT) are presented for four experimental models. Solar irradiance, ambient and indoor dry bulb temperatures, and relative humidity (RH) were measured for seven days in each of the following climate conditions: hot sub-humid (mean DBT 27.3 °C and mean RH 72%), hot humid (mean DBT 27.1 °C and mean RH 81%), and warm sub-humid (mean DBT 25.2 °C and mean RH 68%). There were no significant variations in thermal performance between the examined devices under hot humid conditions; however, the wet fabric device had superior thermal performance under sub-humid conditions when compared to the other IECSs. In the three climatic scenarios where the proposed system was tested, the wet fabric managed to reduce the indoor air temperature by 6.6 °C, 5.3 °C, and 5.1 °C, respectively, as compared to the outdoor air temperatures.

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7

Cicilia, Siska, Eko Basuki, Agustono Prarudiyanto, Ahmad Alamsyah, and Dody Handito. "PENGARUH TEPUNG KENTANG HITAM SEBAGAI PENSUBSTITUSI TERIGU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK DONAT." Pro Food 8, no. 1 (July 8, 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/profood.v8i1.231.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik donat berbahan terigu yang disubstitusi dengan kentang hitam. Kentang hitam memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup lengkap berupa karbohidrat, vitamin C, dan mineral. Penelitian menggunakan RAL satu faktor dan metode eksperimental. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah substitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung kentang hitam (D) yaitu DB1 (100%:0%), DB2(90%:10%), DB3 (80%:20%), DB4 (70%:30%), DB5 (60%:40%), dan DB6 (50%:50%). Parameter yang diamati berupa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan sifat sensoris. Data dianalisis dengan Anova pada taraf 5% dan diuji lanjut menggunakan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin banyak substitusi terigu dengan kentang hitam menurunkan kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, dan tingkat kesukaan donat tetapi meningkatkan kadar lemak. Susbtitusi kentang hitam sebanyak 20% merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan karakteristik berupa kadar air 24,7%; kadar abu 1,9%; kadar protein 6,4%; kadar lemak 26,2% dan sifat sensoris yang dapat diterima oleh panelis.

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8

Varcoe, Joshua G., and Peter Barnes. "SCATTER RADIATION INTENSITIES IN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PLANES ABOUT DIGITAL BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS SYSTEM." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 198, no. 1-2 (January 2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncab197.

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Abstract Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a main imaging modality for breast imaging. However, shielding calculations for DBT are commonly based on previous technology with softer beam spectra. In addition, shielding calculations often assume some patient attenuation is provided in locations to the posterior of the patient but without quantification of this attenuation. In this work, recent research in DBT shielding is validated by measuring scatter radiation in the vertical plane. It is also extended upon by measuring the scatter radiation in the horizontal plane and the effect of patient attenuation. These measurements are weighted by our local patient compressed breast thickness distribution to provide a simple scattering factor. Air kerma distributions are provided demonstrating the distribution of scatter radiation around the DBT system in the presence of patient body attenuation. The highest air kerma measured in any direction from a 4-view per patient screening tomosynthesis exam based on the local patient workload is 55 μGy at 1 m. This value can be used to conservatively treat the scatter radiation as an isotropic distribution for shielding assessments. This work is consistent with many recent publications, with the notable exception of the forward scattered peak which is smaller than previous studies. Under our locally encountered breast thickness distribution, the increased scatter radiation and consequent increased minimum shielding requirements is small in most cases. With 400 patients per week, the air kerma at 1 m is 22 mGy and, for a fully occupied public area 2 m away, this requires a gypsum plasterboard thickness of 18.0 mm which is 3.6 mm more than previous data suggests. Although the increase is minimal, standard manufacturing thicknesses of shielding material may not be automatically assumed to be sufficient and careful consideration of the scatter radiation is warranted.

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9

Cai, Yingjie, Hongyan Song, Zhe An, Xu Xiang, Xin Shu, and Jing He. "The confined space electron transfer in phosphotungstate intercalated ZnAl-LDHs enhances its photocatalytic performance for oxidation/extraction desulfurization of model oil in air." Green Chemistry 20, no. 24 (2018): 5509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc02284d.

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10

Barufaldi, Bruno, Jordy Gomes, Thais G. do Rego, Yuri Malheiros, Telmo M. Silva Filho, Lucas R. Borges, Raymond J. Acciavatti, Suleman Surti, and Andrew D. A. Maidment. "Impact of Tomosynthesis Acquisition on 3D Segmentations of Breast Outline and Adipose/Dense Tissue with AI: A Simulation-Based Study." Tomography 9, no. 4 (July 3, 2023): 1303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography9040103.

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Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) reconstructions introduce out-of-plane artifacts and false-tissue boundaries impacting the dense/adipose and breast outline (convex hull) segmentations. A virtual clinical trial method was proposed to segment both the breast tissues and the breast outline in DBT reconstructions. The DBT images of a representative population were simulated using three acquisition geometries: a left–right scan (conventional, I), a two-directional scan in the shape of a “T” (II), and an extra-wide range (XWR, III) left–right scan at a six-times higher dose than I. The nnU-Net was modified including two losses for segmentation: (1) tissues and (2) breast outline. The impact of loss (1) and the combination of loss (1) and (2) was evaluated using models trained with data simulating geometry I. The impact of the geometry was evaluated using the combined loss (1&2). The loss (1&2) improved the convex hull estimates, resolving 22.2% of the false classification of air voxels. Geometry II was superior to I and III, resolving 99.1% and 96.8% of the false classification of air voxels. Geometry III (Dice = (0.98, 0.94)) was superior to I (0.92, 0.78) and II (0.93, 0.74) for the tissue segmentation (adipose, dense, respectively). Thus, the loss (1&2) provided better segmentation, and geometries T and XWR improved the dense/adipose and breast outline segmentations relative to the conventional scan.

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11

Kuleshov, A. P., A. S. Buchnev, A. A. Drobyshev, and G. P. Itkin. "Design and 3D-model of a dynamic bubble trap for cardiopulmonary bypass." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 23, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2021-4-79-85.

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The use of extracorporeal circulation systems (cardiopulmonary bypass pumps, ECMO) can lead to brain and coronary artery microembolism, which significantly reduces postoperative rehabilitation and often leads to severe complications. Microembolism occurs when oxygen or air microbubbles (MBs) enter the arterial system of patients. Existing CPB pumps come with built-in bubble trap systems but cannot remove bubbles in the circuit. ECMO devices have arterial filters but cannot reliably filter out <40 μm bubbles in a wide flow range. We have proposed an alternative method that involves the use of an efficient dynamic bubble trap (DBT) for both large and small bubbles. The design includes development of two DBT variants for hemodynamic conditions of adult and pediatric patients. The device is installed in the CPB pump and ECMO outlet lines. It provides sufficient bubble separation from the lines in a blood flow of 3.0–5.0 L/min for adults and 0.5–2.0 L/min for children. The developed computer models have shown that MBs smaller than 10 μm can be filtered. The use of this device will greatly reduce the likelihood of air embolism and provide the opportunity to reconsider the concept of expensive arterial filters.

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12

Sharron, Daniel, Kamal Swami, and Robert L. Jansing. "Rapid Ultratrace Analysis of Tributyltin in Aqueous Matrixes by Purge-and-Trap Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 5 (September 1, 1995): 1317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.5.1317.

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Abstract A simplified purge-and-trap technique for detecting subnanogram amounts of the biocide tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) in aqueous environmental samples is described. Butyltin chlorides present in the sample were derivatized to volatile butyltin hydrides with NaBH4 and simultaneously purged by drawing ambient air through the purge vessel. Butyltin hydrides were trapped on a Porapak-N cartridge, eluted with dichloromethane, and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Recoveries of the butyltin species ranged from 46 to 101%. Method detection limits for MBT, DBT, and TBT were 1.28, 0.39, and 0.24 ng/L, respectively. The major advantages of this technique are sensitivity, reduced analysis time, and a significant reduction in the amount of dichloromethane used. Results from the analysis of various surface water samples collected in New York are presented.

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13

Liu, Yu, Junchen Lu, Yanfang Chen, Yue Liu, Zhaolian Ye, and Xinlei Ge. "Aqueous-Phase Production of Secondary Organic Aerosols from Oxidation of Dibenzothiophene (DBT)." Atmosphere 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020151.

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Intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) have been recognized as an important contributor to the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation via gas-phase reactions. However, it is unclear whether or not IVOCs-SOA can be produced in the aqueous phase. This work investigated aqueous oxidation of one model compound of IVOCs, dibenzothiophene (DBT). Results show that DBT can be degraded by both hydroxyl radical and the triplet excited states of organic light chromophores (3C*). Aqueous dark oxidation of DBT was also possible. SOA yields of 32% and 15% were found for hydroxyl radical (OH)-mediated photo-oxidation and dark oxidation, respectively. A continuous and significant increase of oxidation degree of SOA was observed during OH photo-oxidation, but not during the dark oxidation. Factor analyses revealed that there was a persistent production of highly oxygenated compounds from the less oxygenated species. OH-initiated photochemical reactions can also produce species with a relatively large light-absorbing ability, while such photo-enhancement due to direct light irradiation and 3C*-initiated oxidation could occur, but is much less important. In the future, studies on the second-order rate constants, molecular characterization of the oxidation products from this and other IVOCs precursors are needed to better understand the role of this reaction pathway in SOA budget, air quality and climate change.

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14

Wouk, Luana, Soheila Holakoei, Leandro Benatto, Kaike Rosivan Maia Pacheco, Maiara de Jesus Bassi, Camilla K. B. Q. M. de Oliveira, Diego Bagnis, Maria Luiza Miranda Rocco, and Lucimara Stolz Roman. "Morphology and energy transfer study between conjugated polymers thin films: experimental and theoretical approaches." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 21 (March 23, 2022): 214010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac4c12.

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Abstract In this paper, the effect of a silafluorene derivative copolymer, the poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-dibenzosilole)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophene-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PSiF-DBT) sensitized by a simpler homopolymer, the poly[2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) were investigated in a bilayer and ternary blend configuration. The energy transfer between the polymers prior to electron transfer to the acceptors can be an efficient alternative to photocurrent improvement in photovoltaic devices. The interactions between the two donor polymer films were evaluated optically and morphologically with several experimental techniques and correlated to the photovoltaic performance. Improved photon to charge conversion was observed in the blend films at different device geometries—considering bilayer devices with fullerene and inverted flexible devices blade coated in air conditions with a non-fullerene small molecule acceptor. Resonant Auger spectroscopy using the core–hole clock method was employed to evaluate the ultrafast charge delocalization times of conjugated polymers in the low-femtosecond regime. Density functional theory and time-dependent DFT methods were used to help understand some experimental observations. The results show that the homopolymer can improve the absorption spectra and the nonradiative-energy transfer from MDMO-PPV to PSiF-DBT and act as a photosensitizer in the copolymer units. In addition, the PSiF-DBT blended with MDMO-PPV exhibits a more organized structure than the neat material resulting in better absorption stability of films kept under continuous illumination.

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15

Ci, Yingjuan, Fang Ren, Xiao Lei, Yidan Li, Deyang Zhou, and Jianping Wang. "A Weakly-Coupled Double Bow-Tie Multi-Ring Elliptical Core Multi-Mode Fiber for Mode Division Multiplexing across C+L+U Band." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (May 9, 2023): 5855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13105855.

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We herein present a weakly-coupled double bow-tie multi-ring elliptical core multi-mode fiber (DBT-MREC-MMF) supporting 22 eigenmodes for mode division multiplexing across the C+L+U band. The proposed fiber introduces a multi-ring elliptical core, bow-tie air holes, and bow-tie stress-applying areas to effectively split adjacent eigenmodes. By utilizing the finite element method (FEM), we accordingly optimized the fiber to support the 22 modes under the weakly-coupled condition. We evaluated the impact of fiber parameters on the minimum effective refractive index difference (min Δneff) between adjacent eigenmodes, model birefringence (Bm), and bending loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Additionally, broadband performance metrics, such as effective modal index (neff), effective index difference (Δneff), effective mode area (Aeff), differential mode delay (DMD), and chromatic dispersion (D), were comprehensively studied over the entire C+L+U band, ranging from 1530 to 1675 nm. The proposed fiber is capable of supporting 22 completely separated eigenmodes with a min Δneff between adjacent eigenmodes larger than 3.089 × 10−4 over the entire C+L+U band. The proposed DBT-MREC-MMF holds great potential for use in short-haul communication systems that require MDM to improve transmission capacity and expand bandwidth.

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16

Undap, Suzanne. "Evaluasi kontaminasi tributyltin pada sedimen di perairan Bitung Sulawesi Utara." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 4, no. 2 (August 4, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.4.2.2016.15186.

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Tributiltin (TBT) merupakan suatu senyawa organotin, dan senyawa ini telah banyak digunakan sebagai agen antifouling di lingkungan laut sejak awal 1960-an. Karena sifat racun yang tinggi dari TBT untuk organisme air non-target, penggunaannya telah diatur di beberapa negara. Organisasi Maritim Internasional (IMO) memberlakukan larangan seluruh dunia pada cat antifouling berbasis TBT pada tahun 2003. Namun, di Indonesia belum ada peraturan yang diberlakukan untuk penggunaan TBT. TBT sedang digunakan dalam cat untuk antifouling di kapal dan kontaminasi TBT sekitar galangan kapal diduga di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kondisi saat ini kontaminasi TBT di sedimen laut di Manado,Indonesia, dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian sebelum tahun 2015. Sampel sedimen (<5 cm dari permukaan) dikumpulkan dari 3 titik sampel di daerah pelabuhan Bitung, dengan menggunakan grab sampler Eckman pada tahun 2015. Sampel kemudian dipindahkan ke tabung polietilen (ukuran: 50 ml) dan disimpan di -30 OC. Konsentrasi TBT dan metabolitnya yaitu DBT (Dibutyltin) dalam sampel dianalisis dengan kromatografi gas ditambah dengan spektrometri massa (GC-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi TBT dan DBT terdeteksi dalam sedimen dari tiga titik sampling pada tingkat mulai dari 0,20 mg / kg dw ke 6.67 mg / kg dw. Konsentrasi tertinggi TBT ditemukan dalam sedimen yang dikumpulkan di Pelabuhan Bitung (6,67 mg / kg dw), yang dekat dengan daerah galangan kapal. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kontaminasi TBT masih terjadi di perairan pesisir Bitung.

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17

Liu, Pengfei, Chenglong Zhang, Chaoyang Xue, Yujing Mu, Junfeng Liu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Di Tian, Can Ye, Hongxing Zhang, and Jian Guan. "The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM<sub>2. 5</sub> in northern China during winter." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 18 (September 27, 2017): 11503–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11503-2017.

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Abstract. A vast area in northern China, especially during wintertime, is currently suffering from severe haze events due to the high levels of atmospheric PM2. 5. To recognize the reasons for the high levels of PM2. 5, daily samples of PM2. 5 were simultaneously collected at the four sampling sites of Beijing city (BJ), Baoding city (BD), Wangdu county (WD) and Dongbaituo (DBT) during the winter and spring of 2014–2015. The concentrations of the typical water-soluble ions (WSIs, such as Cl−, NO3−, SO42− and NH4+) at DBT were found to be remarkably higher than those at BJ in the two winters, but almost the same as those at BJ in the two springs. The evidently greater concentrations of OC, EC and secondary inorganic ions (NO3−, SO42−, NH4+ and Cl−) at DBT than at WD, BD and BJ during the winter of 2015 indicated that the pollutants in the rural area were not due to transportation from neighbouring cities but dominated by local emissions. As the distinct source of atmospheric OC and EC in the rural area, the residential coal combustion also made a contribution to secondary inorganic ions through the emissions of their precursors (NOx, SO2, NH3 and HCl) as well as heterogeneous or multiphase reactions on the surface of OC and EC. The average mass proportions of OC, EC, NO3− and SO42− at BD and WD were found to be very close to those at DBT, but were evidently different from those at BJ, implying that the pollutants in the cities of WD and BD, which are fully surrounded by the countryside, were strongly affected by the residential coal combustion. The OC ∕ EC ratios at the four sampling sites were almost the same value (4.8) when the concentrations of PM2. 5 were greater than 150 µg m−3, suggesting that the residential coal combustion could also make a dominant contribution to atmospheric PM2. 5 at BJ during the severe pollution period when the air parcels were usually from southwest–south regions, where a high density of farmers reside. The evident increase in the number of the species involved in significant correlations (p < 0. 05) from the countryside to the cities further confirmed that residential coal combustion was the dominant source of key species in the rural area. However, the complex sources including local emissions and regional transportation were responsible for the atmospheric species in the cities. Strong correlations among OC, EC, Cl−, NO3− and NH4+ were found at the four sampling sites but only a strong correlation was found between OC (or EC) and SO42− at BJ, implying that the formation rate of SO42− via heterogeneous or multiphase reactions might be relatively slower than those of NO3−, NH4+ and Cl−. Based on the chemical mass closure (CMC) method, the contributions of the primary particle emission from residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM2. 5 at BJ, BD, WD and DBT were estimated to be 32, 49, 43 and 58 %, respectively.

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𝐴𝑙𝑎𝑚, 𝑍𝑎𝑓𝑎𝑟, 𝑀𝑜ℎ𝑑 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑟, 𝑀𝑜ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑟, and 𝑀𝑜ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝐽𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝐴ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑑. "Cooling Load Estimation of a Multi-Storey Building: A Heat Transfer Approach." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 05 (May 21, 2021): 368–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05159.

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The key objective of this work is to maintain the pre-determined inside conditions & to establish thermal equilibrium the prime rate at which heat needs to be detached from the space. Nowadays one of the most serious problems is environmental issues. For this problem, energy utilization by buildings and enterprises are responsible. Markets, Residential houses, commercial buildings, industry, and Infrastructure consume approximately 72% of the world’s energy. Roughly 60 % of a building’s total energy necessity is distributed to the plant of air-conditioning installed in a big complex or building that is air acclimatized. To limit energy utilization, accurate prediction of the cooling load are important. The elementary heat transfer concepts are used to manually calculate the cooling load of a multi-storey building. This method is derived from CLTD technique of cooling load estimation. We estimate the cooling load at the extreme conditions. So, we have taken the outside conditions as relative humidity 54% and 450C DBT for the month of May during summer. The average outside air velocity during this period is 1.67 m/s. The significance of this work is to show that, actual cooling load prediction results in less capital cost, investment and energy consumed. Thus, accuracy should be paramount when load calculation is being performed.

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Hao, Xiaoli, Liping Liu, Hang Tan, Yaolin Lin, Jinhua Hu, and Wei Yin. "The Impacts of Greenery Systems on Indoor Thermal Environments in Transition Seasons: An Experimental Investigation." Buildings 12, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050506.

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The impacts of greenery systems (GSs) on microclimate conditions and building energy performance have been frequently investigated using experiments and simulations during the past decades, especially in summer and winter. However, few studies have focused on the performance of GSs in transition seasons. The ambient weather conditions vary with great fluctuations during transition seasons, which may result in severe oscillations in indoor environments. To investigate the impacts of GSs on indoor environments, an experiment was conducted using a contrastive test platform, which consisted of two experimental rooms, one equipped with a GS and the other without, from 1 April 2019 to 31 May 2019 in Hunan, China. Both rooms were free-running. The experimental results showed that the GS had the ability to reduce the oscillations in the indoor environment. The oscillations in indoor dry-bulb temperature (DBT) and relative humidity (RH) were reduced by 39.3% and 28.8%, respectively. The maximum daily DBT and RH ranges were, respectively, cut down by 3.5 °C and 12.4%. The maximum reductions in external and internal surface temperatures were 29.5 °C and 9.4 °C, respectively, for the GS, while the average reductions were 1.6~4.1 °C and 0.2~1.3 °C, respectively, depending on the orientation of the surfaces. The operative temperature (OT) during the daytime on sunny days was also lowered by the GS. The differences in OT between the two rooms ranged from −1.8 °C to 8.2 °C, with an average of 1.0 °C. The GS can improve the indoor thermal comfort during transition seasons. The thermal dissatisfaction was decreased by 7.9%. This lengthened the thermal comfort time by 15% across the whole day and by 28% during the daytime. This indicates reductions in air-conditioning system operating times, leading to energy savings.

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20

Harner, Tom, Cassandra Rauert, Derek Muir, Jasmin K. Schuster, Yu-Mei Hsu, Leiming Zhang, George Marson, et al. "Air synthesis review: polycyclic aromatic compounds in the oil sands region." Environmental Reviews 26, no. 4 (December 2018): 430–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0039.

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This air synthesis review presents the current state of knowledge on the sources, fates, and effects for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and related chemicals released to air in the oil sands region (OSR) in Alberta, Canada. Through the implementation of the Joint Canada–Alberta Oil Sands Monitoring Program in 2012 a vast amount of new information on PACs has been acquired through directed monitoring and research projects and reported to the scientific community and public. This new knowledge addresses questions related to cumulative effects and informs the sustainable management of the oil sands resource while helping to identify gaps in understanding and priorities for future work. As a result of this air synthesis review on PACs, the following topics have been identified as new science priorities: (i) improving emissions reporting to better account for fugitive mining emissions of PACs that includes a broader range of PACs beyond the conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including, inter alia, alkylated-PAHs (alk-PAHs), dibenzothiophene (DBT), alk-DBTs, nitro-PAHs, oxy-PAHs including quinones and thia- and aza-arenes; (ii) improving information on the ambient concentrations, long-range transport, and atmospheric deposition of these broader classes of PACs and their release (with co-contaminants) from different types of mining activities; (iii) further optimizing electricity-free and cost-effective approaches for assessing PAC deposition (e.g., snow sampling, lichens, passive ambient sampling) spatially across the OSR and downwind regions; (iv) designing projects that integrate monitoring efforts with source attribution models and ecosystem health studies to improve understanding of sources, receptors, and effects; (v) further optimizing natural deposition archives (e.g., sediment, peat, tree rings) and advanced forensic techniques (e.g., isotope analysis, marker compounds) to provide better understanding of sources of PACs in the OSR over space and time; (vi) conducting process research to improve model capabilities for simulating atmospheric chemistry of PACs and assessing exposure to wildlife and humans; and (vii) developing tools and integrated strategies for assessing cumulative risk to wildlife and humans by accounting for the toxicity of the mixture of chemicals in air rather than on a single compound basis.

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21

Murala, Subrahmanyam, R. P. Maheshwari, and R. Balasubramanian. "Multiresolution LBP Correlogram for Texture Image Indexing and Retrieval." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.908.

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A new image indexing and retrieval algorithm known as local binary pattern (LBP) correlogram is presented in this paper. LBP histogram captures only the patterns distribution in a texture while the spatial correlation between the pair of patterns is gathered by LBP correlogram. Multi-resolution texture decomposition and color correlation has been efficiently used in the proposed method where multi-resolution texture images are computed using Gaussian filter for collection of LBPs from these particular textures. Eventually, feature vectors are constructed by making into play the auto-correlation that exists between binary patterns. The retrieval results of the proposed method are examined on different texture image databases viz Brodatz database (DB1), MIT VisTex database (DB2), rotated Brodatz database (DB3) and small set of rotated Brodatz database (DB4), and shows a major improvement in terms of average retrieval rate as when weighed against with LBP histogram and some existing transform domain technique.

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22

Delgado, Anabel D., Lorena Álvarez-Contreras, Karen A. Beltrán, Noé Arjona, Minerva Guerra-Balcázar, José Béjar, and Alfredo Aguilar-Elguezabal. "Monolayer CoMoS Catalysts on Hierarchically Porous Alumina Spheres as Bifunctional Nanomaterials for Hydrodesulfurization and Energy Storage Applications." Catalysts 12, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12080913.

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In this work, CoMoS catalysts were synthesized onto porous alumina spheres obtained using Pluronic P-123 (PS) or urea (US) and used as bifunctional nanomaterials for two energy applications: hydrodesulfurization and energy storage. For the first application, the catalysts were assessed in a hydrodesulfurization reactor using two model sulfur molecules, dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene, as well as feeding a heavy oil fraction. The results indicated that the spheres obtained by Pluronic P-123 allowed a greater dispersion degree of MoS2 slabs than US, indicating that the size and hierarchically porous structure of alumina spheres played a principal role as a booster of the HDS catalytic efficiency of DBT, 4,6 DMDBT and diesel fuel. Then, these catalysts were used for the electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR/OER), which take place in rechargeable Zn-air batteries. For the ORR, the CoMoS catalyst on PS in the presence of a conductive support (N-doped carbon nanotubes + graphene) displayed an overpotential of only 90 mV in comparison with Pt/C. Importantly, the chalcogenide enabled an increase in the stability, maintaining almost two times higher current retention than Pt/C for the ORR and IrO2/C for the OER. These results suggest that expended chalcogenides from the hydrodesulfurization industry can have a second life as co-catalysts for renewable energy storage systems, enabling a circular economy.

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23

Qiu, Xin, Irene Cheng, Fuquan Yang, Erin Horb, Leiming Zhang, and Tom Harner. "Emissions databases for polycyclic aromatic compounds in the Canadian Athabasca oil sands region – development using current knowledge and evaluation with passive sampling and air dispersion modelling data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 5 (March 8, 2018): 3457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3457-2018.

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Abstract. Two speciated and spatially resolved emissions databases for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) were developed. The first database was derived from volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions data provided by the Cumulative Environmental Management Association (CEMA) and the second database was derived from additional data collected within the Joint Canada–Alberta Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM) program. CALPUFF modelling results for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylated PAHs, and dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), obtained using each of the emissions databases, are presented and compared with measurements from a passive air monitoring network. The JOSM-derived emissions resulted in better model–measurement agreement in the total PAH concentrations and for most PAH species concentrations compared to results using CEMA-derived emissions. At local sites near oil sands mines, the percent error of the model compared to observations decreased from 30 % using the CEMA-derived emissions to 17 % using the JOSM-derived emissions. The improvement at local sites was likely attributed to the inclusion of updated tailings pond emissions estimated from JOSM activities. In either the CEMA-derived or JOSM-derived emissions scenario, the model underestimated PAH concentrations by a factor of 3 at remote locations. Potential reasons for the disagreement include forest fire emissions, re-emissions of previously deposited PAHs, and long-range transport not considered in the model. Alkylated PAH and DBT concentrations were also significantly underestimated. The CALPUFF model is expected to predict higher concentrations because of the limited chemistry and deposition modelling. Thus the model underestimation of PACs is likely due to gaps in the emissions database for these compounds and uncertainties in the methodology for estimating the emissions. Future work is required that focuses on improving the PAC emissions estimation and speciation methodologies and reducing the uncertainties in VOC emissions which are subsequently used in PAC emissions estimation.

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Alyami, Saleh H., Ali Alqahtany, Noman Ashraf, Abdelbagi Osman, Naief Ali Aldossary, Ayman Almutlaqa, Faris Al-Maziad, Maher S. Alshammari, and Wadee Ahmed Ghanem Al-Gehlani. "Impact of Location and Insulation Material on Energy Performance of Residential Buildings as per Saudi Building Code (SBC) 601/602 in Saudi Arabia." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 9079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15249079.

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In hot and humid climates, a significant part of the energy is used to cool the building. There are several ways to reduce this air conditioning load, but one standout is through the selection and design of the right building envelope and its components. The thermal characteristics of the building envelope, in particular the thermal resistance of the insulation used, have an impact on the thermal and energy performance of building structures. Thermal conductivity, which indicates the ability of heat to move through a material given a temperature difference, is the primary factor affecting the performance of a thermal insulation material. Both temperature and humidity changes can affect a material’s thermal conductivity value, which can then change. In fact, due to the fluctuating ambient air temperature and solar radiation, thermal insulation in buildings is susceptible to significant and continuous temperature variations. Thermal insulation used in building walls and roofs helps to reduce the energy demand of the building. It improves thermal comfort and, if used correctly, reduces the operational cost of the building. The present study has focused on the effects of location and insulation material on the energy performance of a residential building by considering five climatic locations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Five commonly used insulation materials with different thermal characteristics, namely polyurethane board (PU), expanded polystyrene (EPS), glass wool (GW), urea-formaldehyde foam (UFF), and expanded perlite (EP), were analyzed under various climatic zones as per the Saudi Building Code 601/602. The selected cities were categorized based on cooling degree days (CDD) and outdoor dry bulb temperature (DBT) as hot, very hot, and extremely hot climatic zones. Insulation improves thermal comfort and, if used correctly, reduces running costs. Experiments were conducted to determine the thermal conductivity, and the energy simulation was performed by employing IES-VE software for various insulation options. The findings indicate that the location has a significant impact on the energy performance of the insulating materials. The energy saving potential of polyurethane board (PU) insulation is more attractive in cities with higher DBTs and CDDs than in cities with lower DBTs and CDDs. The benefit of installing insulation ranged from a 2 to 14% decrease in energy demand for the climate zones studied. The sensitivity analysis showed that the energy saving potential of the insulation materials is sensitive to the set-point temperature (ST) band.

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Yu, Guo Xian, Rui Xue Zhou, Ji Bing Li, Xiao Long Zhou, Cheng Lie Li, Li Fang Chen, and Jin An Wang. "Oxidative Removal of Dibenzothiophene by H₂O₂ over Activated Carbon-Supported Phosphotungstic Acid Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 132 (August 2010): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.132.126.

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Phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on activated carbon (AC) combined with hydrogen peroxide formed an oxidative desulfurizaiton (ODS) system to oxidize sulfur-containing compounds in diesel fuel. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) dissolved in n-octane was selected as a model feedstock for studying this new ODS system. The HPW/AC catalysts were characterized with XRD, FTIR and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. HPW was highly dispersed on the surface of carbon support. It was found that the DBT adsorption capacity decreased from 42 mg S/g to 33.13 mg S/g as HPW loading amount increased from 0 to 15 wt.%. Oxidative removal of DBT in the model oil significantly increased with increasing HPW loadings on the support from 0 to 10 wt.%. 100 % DBT was removed by using the catalysts with HPW content higher than 10 wt. %. At 80 °C, oxidative removal of DBT reached 100 % after 40 min of reaction when O/S molar ratio ranged from 4 to 10.

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26

Ryan, M., A. Modak, H. Zuo, S. Ramaswamy, and G. Worry. "Through Air Drying." Drying Technology 21, no. 4 (January 6, 2003): 719–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/drt-120019059.

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27

Yu, Guo Xian, Ji Bing Li, Xiao Long Zhou, Cheng Lie Li, Li Fang Chen, and Jin An Wang. "Adsorption of Dibenzothiophene on Transition Metals Loaded Activated Carbon." Advanced Materials Research 132 (August 2010): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.132.141.

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Transition metal-modified carbon-based adsorbents were prepared by impregnating activated carbon with solutions of copper, cobalt or nickel chloride or nitrate. The mixtures were dried and then calcined under nitrogen stream. The surface metal species were analyzed by XRD technique and the surface oxygen-containing groups were characterized by FTIR. Their adsorption capacities for dibenzothiophene (DBT) were measured by using DBT-containing n-octane solution as model oil. Experimental results show that the metal species on the carbon surface could be controlled by the calcination process under nitrogen atmosphere. Both the transition metal precursors and kinds of metal species on the carbon surface have significant effects on DBT adsorption capacity.

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Cheng, Kai Peng, Hao Yang, Jian Hong Wang, Hui Peng Liu, and Cong Zhen Qiao. "Immobilization of Acidic Ionic Liquid on Silica Gel for Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oils(II): Desulfurization." Advanced Materials Research 1090 (February 2015): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1090.183.

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A series of highly dispersed ionic liquid catalysts were used for the oxidation desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil in the presence of H2O2. The effects of the loading of [BMIM]HSO4immobilized, reaction time, temperature, O/S molar ratio and the dosage of catalysts on DBT removal were investigated in detail. The catalyst with the loading of [BMIM]HSO4was 25% exhibited the highest activity. The DBT removal of model oil can reach 99.9% in 5 h at 60 °C, O/S molar ratio of 10, Vmodeloil=10mL, mcatalysts=2.00g. The catalysts can be easily recycled and can be recycled 2 times without a significant decrease in activity.

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29

von Mayrhauser, Anneliese, and Ning Zhang. "Automated regression testing using DBT andSleuth." Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice 11, no. 2 (March 1999): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-908x(199903/04)11:2<93::aid-smr188>3.0.co;2-5.

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30

Trisnawati, Elly, Winda Kartika Sari, Suriana Suriana, and Magdalena Kandari. "“Penelek Kitak Kituk” Sebagai Motor Penggerak Masyarakat Dalam Penanggulangan DBD di Komunitas Dayak." Jurnal Buletin Al-Ribaath 18, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29406/br.v18i1.2160.

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Penyakit menular masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat di Kalimantan Barat, terutama penyakit menular berbasis lingkungan, salah satunya adalah Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Dusun Sangku merupakan wilayah yang didominasi oleh Suku Dayak menjadi salah satu dusun yang memiliki kasus DBD tertinggi di Puskesmas Lingga, Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Data menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 27 kasus baru DBD terjadi di Dusun Sangku. Determinan Faktor yang di intervensi dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah keberadaan jentik pada tempat-tempat penampungan air serta terdapatnya tempat perindukan nyamuk. Faktor tersebut terjadi karena kondisi lingkungan Dusun Sangku yang berisiko, seperti topografinya berupa tanah gambut dan tidak terdapatnya akses air bersih perpipaan sehingga masyarakat Dusun Sangku mengandalkan air hujan sebagai sumber air bersih keluarga (100%). Penggunaan penampungan air hujan tanpa menggunakan tutup semakin memicu besarnya risiko perkembangbiakan nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebagai vector penyebab DBD. Salah satu upaya dalam penanggulangan DBD yang disebabkan oleh karena adanya potensi lingkungan rumah tangga adalah optimalisasi peran anggota masyarakat sebagai kader peduli DBD. Melalui kegiatan ini, tim pelaksana menginisiasi terbentuknya kelompok kader peduli DBD yang diberi nama berdasarkan bahasa lokal, yaitu “Penelek Kitak Kituk”. Kelompok kader ini merupakan bagian dari anggota masyarakat di Dusun Sangku yang berperan penting dalam penyebarluasan informasi tentang DBD kepada masyarakat sekitarnya. Dengan adanya kelompok kader “Penelek Kitak Kituk”, diharapkan permasalahan DBD di Dusun Sangku dapat diminimalisir dan perhatian masyarakatnya bisa semakin meningkat dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan DBD secara mandiri.

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Shrestha, Bikash, Rajesh Prakash Guragain, Binita Sedhai, Hom Bahadur Baniya, Ujjwal Man Joshi, and Deepak Prasad Subedi. "Surface modification of nylon 6 by 50 Hz dielectric barrier discharge Produced in air and argon at atmospheric pressure." BIBECHANA 20, no. 2 (July 24, 2023): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v20i2.45159.

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This paper reports the use of dielectric barrier discharge (15.65 kV, 50 Hz) produced in an air and argon environment at atmospheric pressure to modify the surface of Nylon 6. Power dissipation in air and argon DBD was determined to be 14.60 W and 12.00 W, respectively. Similarly, the average density and temperature of an electron in air DBD were found to be 1.74 ×1011 cm-3 and 1.31 eV, respectively, while the values were 2.50 ×1011 cm-3 and 0.68 eV in argon DBD. The water contact angle (WCA) was measured to confirm the enhancement in wettability. On treating the sample with air DBD for 15 minutes, the contact angle reduced from 134.07° ± 3.20° to 89.11° ± 3.06° while it was reduced to 82.74° ± 4.20° within 1 minute using argon. The study found that treating a hydrophobic sample of Nylon 6 with DBD for a certain period of time transformed it into a hydrophilic one, and extending the treatment time further enhanced its wettability. The use of argon DBD was found to be more effective than air DBD in altering the surface properties of the sample, as the sample became hydrophilic after only one minute of treatment with argon DBD and completely wettable after three minutes. The findings suggest that air and argon DBD have potential applications in modifying the surface properties of Nylon 6, which could have practical implications in the production of textiles, membranes, and other materials.

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MacGregor, W. "Effects of Air Velocity, Air Temperature, and Berry Diameter on Wild Blueberry Drying." Drying Technology 23, no. 1-2 (February 23, 2005): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/drt-200047880.

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33

Shoji, Yanagida, and Muramatsu Akinori. "1160 FLOWS INDUCED BY A DBD PLASMA ACTUATOR WITH PULSE MODULATION IN STILL AIR." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2013.4 (2013): _1160–1_—_1160–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2013.4._1160-1_.

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Susmaneli, Herlina. "Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian DBD di RSUD Kabupaten Rokan Hulu." Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas 1, no. 3 (November 16, 2010): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25311/jkk.vol1.iss3.19.

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Di Rokan Hulu terjadi peningkatan kasus DBD tiga tahun terakhir. Pada tahun 2008 tercatat 61 kasus (insiden 15,95 per 100.000 penduduk), tahun 2009 sebanyak 77 kasus (insiden 20,13 per 100.000 penduduk), dan tahun 2010 naik menjadi 79 kasus (insiden 20,65 per 100.000 penduduk). Angka insiden ini lebih besar dari angka insiden nasional yaitu 20 per 100.000 penduduk. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktror-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD di RSUD Rokan Hulu tahun 2011. Jenis penelitian Kuantitatif Analitik Observasional dengan disain Kasus Kontrol. Jumlah sampel 400 responden terdiri dari 200 Kasus (penderita DBD) dan 200 Kontrol (bukan penderita DBD). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan variabel berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD adalah tempat penampungan air OR=3,768 (95% CI:2,492-5,699), Ketersediaan tutup penampung air OR=2,452 (95% CI:1,640-3,668), Frekuensi pengurasan penampung air OR=2,452 (95% CI:1,778-3,989), kepadatan rumah OR=3,331 (95% CI:2,207-5,027) dan umur OR=2,824 (95% CI:1,877-4,251). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel berhubungan bermakna adalah tempat penampung air OR=3,849 (95% CI:2,399-6,175), ketersediaan tutup penampung air OR=2,248 (95% CI:1,403-3,603), frekuensi pengurasan penampung air OR=2,238 (95% CI:1,399-3,579), kepadatan rumah OR=4,049 (95% CI:2,486-6,596), umur OR=2,845 (95% CI:1,768-4,577), jenis kelamin OR=0,613 (95% CI:0,379-0,992). Faktor risiko paling dominan terjadinya DBD adalah kepadatan rumah. Diharapkan masyarakat untuk lebih memperhatikan kegiatan 3M plus dan pelaksanaan PSN–DBD secara mandiri

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Susmaneli, Herlina. "Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian DBD di RSUD Kabupaten Rokan Hulu." Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas 1, no. 3 (November 16, 2010): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25311/keskom.vol1.iss3.19.

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Di Rokan Hulu terjadi peningkatan kasus DBD tiga tahun terakhir. Pada tahun 2008 tercatat 61 kasus (insiden 15,95 per 100.000 penduduk), tahun 2009 sebanyak 77 kasus (insiden 20,13 per 100.000 penduduk), dan tahun 2010 naik menjadi 79 kasus (insiden 20,65 per 100.000 penduduk). Angka insiden ini lebih besar dari angka insiden nasional yaitu 20 per 100.000 penduduk. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktror-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD di RSUD Rokan Hulu tahun 2011. Jenis penelitian Kuantitatif Analitik Observasional dengan disain Kasus Kontrol. Jumlah sampel 400 responden terdiri dari 200 Kasus (penderita DBD) dan 200 Kontrol (bukan penderita DBD). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan variabel berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD adalah tempat penampungan air OR=3,768 (95% CI:2,492-5,699), Ketersediaan tutup penampung air OR=2,452 (95% CI:1,640-3,668), Frekuensi pengurasan penampung air OR=2,452 (95% CI:1,778-3,989), kepadatan rumah OR=3,331 (95% CI:2,207-5,027) dan umur OR=2,824 (95% CI:1,877-4,251). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel berhubungan bermakna adalah tempat penampung air OR=3,849 (95% CI:2,399-6,175), ketersediaan tutup penampung air OR=2,248 (95% CI:1,403-3,603), frekuensi pengurasan penampung air OR=2,238 (95% CI:1,399-3,579), kepadatan rumah OR=4,049 (95% CI:2,486-6,596), umur OR=2,845 (95% CI:1,768-4,577), jenis kelamin OR=0,613 (95% CI:0,379-0,992). Faktor risiko paling dominan terjadinya DBD adalah kepadatan rumah. Diharapkan masyarakat untuk lebih memperhatikan kegiatan 3M plus dan pelaksanaan PSN–DBD secara mandiri

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Nascimento, Larissa, Fernando Gasi, Richard Landers, Argemiro da Silva Sobrinho, Eduardo Aragão, Mariana Fraga, Gilberto Petraconi, William Chiappim, and Rodrigo Pessoa. "Physicochemical Studies on the Surface of Polyamide 6.6 Fabrics Functionalized by DBD Plasmas Operated at Atmospheric and Sub-Atmospheric Pressures." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 2128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092128.

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This work proposes the use of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor operating at atmospheric pressure (AP) using air and sub-atmospheric pressure (SAP) using air or argon to treat polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) fabrics. Here, plasma dosages corresponding to 37.5 kW·min·m−2 for AP and 7.5 kW·min·m−2 for SAP in air or argon were used. The hydrophilicity aging effect property of untreated and DBD-treated PA6.6 samples was evaluated from the apparent contact angle. The surface changes in physical microstructure were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). To prove the changes in chemical functional groups in the fibers, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used, and the change in surface bonds was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, the whiteness effect was investigated by the color spectrophotometry (Datacolor) technique. The results showed that the increase in surface roughness by the SAP DBD treatment contributed to a decrease in and maintenance of the hydrophilicity of PA6.6 fabrics for longer. The SAP DBD in air treatment promoted an enhancement of the aging effect with a low plasma dosage (5-fold reduction compared with AP DBD treatment). Finally, the SAP DBD treatment using argon functionalizes the fabric surface more efficiently than DBD treatments in air.

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37

Yu, Guo Xian, Jing Sun, Xiao Ming Hou, Xiao Long Zhou, Cheng Lie Li, Li Fang Chen, and Jin An Wang. "Adsorptive Removal of Dibenzothiophene in Diesel Fuel on an Adsorbent from Rice Hull Activated by Phosphoric Acid." Advanced Materials Research 132 (August 2010): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.132.133.

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Rice hull (designated with RH) was activated by phosphoric acid to prepare an adsorbent for the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from diesel fuel. Adsorption tests for both, a 300 µg.g-1 dibenzothiophene (DBT)-containing n-octane solution using as model oil and a commercial hydro-treated diesel fuel, were performed to elucidate the effect of varying phosphoric acid to RH ratio, treating temperature and the removal of silica from the adsorbent on the combination of the textural structure, surface chemical property and adsorption capacity. It was indicated that high surface area and micro-pore volume of the adsorbent favored the adsorption of DBT and its derivatives. Richening of oxygen-containing compounds on the adsorbent surface was advantageous to the adsorption and removal of DBTs. At a phosphoric acid and RH weight ratio of 3:1 by using a two-step treatment, a satisfactory adsorbent with an adsorption capacity of 28.89 mg S/g was successfully prepared. If the silica in the adsorbent was further removed, the product exhibited the highest performance, reaching 30.43 mg S/g for the model oil and 21.79 mg S/g for the commercial diesel fuel. Both the textural structure and the surface chemical property like acidic groups of a RH-based adsorbent play important roles in its adsorption behaviors, and the formation of donor-acceptor complexes between surface acidic groups and DBT may probably benefit DBT adsorption capacity.

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38

Xie, Zhen Biao, Shan Shan Gong, and Qi Sun. "Efficient Synthesis of d4T Diphosphate and d4T Triphosphate." Advanced Materials Research 908 (March 2014): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.908.211.

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The diphosphate and triphosphate of an antiviral 2’,3’-dideoxynucleoside, d4T, were synthesized via a P(V)–N activation method. The key d4T phosphoropiperidate intermediate was obtained by a redox condensation method based on 2,2’-dithiodipyridine/triphenylphosphine system. The reaction of the phosphoropiperidate with phosphate and pyrophosphate in the presence of acidic 4,5-dicyanoimidazole activator afforded the desired d4T diphosphate and triphosphate in high isolated yields.

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39

Kulsum, Ummu, Sutrisno Sutrisno, Edy Purwanto, and Nilam Norma. "FAKTOR RESIKO DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DENGAN KEJADIAN DBD DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BUNYU KABUPATEN BULUNGAN." SAINTEKES: Jurnal Sains, Teknologi Dan Kesehatan 2, no. 3 (July 21, 2023): 456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55681/saintekes.v2i3.135.

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Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) termasuk salah satu permasalahan kesehatan prioritas di Kabupaten Bulungan Provinsi Kalimantan Utara yang disebabkan oleh nyamuk selain penyakit malaria. Menurut Dinkes Bulungan (2018-2022), dalam lima tahun terakhir incidence rate di Kabupaten Bulungan masih di atas rata-rata nasional yaitu >20/100.000 penduduk. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor resiko kejadian DBD di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bunyu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi karakteristik dari 30 responden berdasarkan usia penderita DBD yaitu, usia 5-14 tahun sebanyak 23 orang (76,7%), usia 0-4 tahun sebanyak 4 orang (13,3%), usia 15-45 tahun sebanyak 2 orang (6,7%) dan usia 46-60 tahun berusia sebanyak 1 orang (3,3%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin yaitu, laki-laki sebanyak 21 orang (70%), dan perempuan sebanyak 9 orang (30%). Berdasarkan pendidikan yaitu, SMA sebanyak 18 orang (60,0%), SMP sebanyak 5 orang (16,7%), Sarjana/Diploma sebanyak 3 orang (10%), SD sebanyak 3 orang (10%) dan tidak tamat SD sebanyak 1 orang (3,3%). Sedangkan berdasarkan prilaku 3M 30 responden tidak membersihkan, mendaur dan menutup tempat menampungan air sebanyak 30 orang (100%). Distribusi faktor resiko penyakit DBD dari hasil 30 responden yang didapat, sebagian besar masih belum memiliki pengetahuan dalam mencegah dan sadar akan potensi terjadinya penyebaran DBD seperti tidak menutup penampungan air, menguras tempat penampungan air sampai mendaur ulang barang bekas, menggunakan anti nyamuk, dan menggantung pakaian bekas yang dapat bepotensi berkembang biaknya nyamuk.

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40

Ramaswamy, Shri, Matthew Ryan, and Shuiyuan Huang. "THROUGH AIR DRYING UNDER COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS." Drying Technology 19, no. 10 (2001): 2577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/drt-100108255.

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41

Krokida, M. K., and G. I. Bisharat. "Heat Recovery from Dryer Exhaust Air." Drying Technology 22, no. 7 (December 31, 2004): 1661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/drt-200025626.

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42

Dineff, Peter, and Dilyana Gospodinova. "Electrode configurations and non-uniform dielectric barrier discharge properties." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 22, no. 2 (2009): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0902217d.

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Interesting types of AC discharges in ambient air at atmospheric pressure for the generation of non-thermal plasma at/on dielectric surfaces were investigated. Pin-to-plane dielectric barrier discharge (PTP-DBD) was sustained in the electrode configurations combining electrode components of both corona and DBD - metallic pins, or triangle spikes electrode, situated single- or double-in-line and metallic plate electrode covered with a dielectric barrier. It was investigated experimentally and theoretically the burning mode of a PTP-DBD in ambient air at atmospheric pressure. The PTP-DBD behavior with single- or double-in-line spikes high voltage electrode was discussed. The PTP-DBD is a new DBD-based discharge. .

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43

Han, Pei Pei, Yong Wei Chen, Ping Zhe Jiang, Zhi Lei Tan, and Shi Ru Jia. "Isolation of Two Strains for Microbial Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3957.

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Two desulfurizing strains S1 and S2 were isolated from sea water from Crude Oil Terminal at Tianjin Port. The ability of the two strains to convert dibenzothiophene (DBT) to 2-dihydroxybiphenyl (HBP) was tested by Gibbs assay, which indicated that 2-HBP existed in the metabolite. The strains S1 and S2 were identified by both 16S rDNA sequence analysis and MALDI BioTyper system as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Acinetobacter radioresistens respectively, which could degrade 22.3% and 22.4% of DBT in 46 hours respectively.

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44

Zhang, Shi Min, Shuang Ling Jin, Ming Lin Jin, Xia Shao, and Rui Zhang. "Preparation Cu-Doped Carbon Aerogels and their Adsorptive Desulfurization Performance." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.112.

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Cu-doped carbon aerogels were prepared by the sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde in aqueous solution to produce organic gels that are supercritically dried in n-hexane and subsequently pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere, using sodium carbonate as catalyst and copper acetate as copper source. The addition amount of the copper acetate in the initial reaction mixture has a profound effect on the surface morphology and pore texture of the resulting aerogel. It is shown that the introduction of copper lead to generation of ultrafine micropores. The desulfurization performance of the as-obtained carbon aerogels was evaluated by selective adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a model sulfur compound and benzene as a competitive aromatic compound. It is found that the adsorption capacity for DBT is related to the volume of micropores. And the selectivity is improved with the increase of copper content, indicating the presence of copper is favorable to DBT retention on the surface via its π-complexation effect.

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45

Chatzis, Konstantinos, and Claudine Fontanon. "L’expérimentation « en plein air » ou « grandeur nature »." Documents pour l'histoire des techniques, no. 20 (December 1, 2011): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/dht.1615.

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46

Liliandriani, Andi, Syarifah Elidayanti, and Fitriani Fitriani. "HUBUNGAN LINGKUNGAN FISIK RUMAH TERHADAP KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE." Journal Peqguruang: Conference Series 4, no. 2 (November 18, 2022): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.35329/jp.v4i2.3412.

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Tujuan (1) Untuk Mengetahui Hubungan kawat kasa pada ventilasi rumah terhadap kejadian DBD, (2) Untuk Mengetahui Hubungan Pencahayaan rumah terhadap kejadian DBD, (3) Untuk Mengetahui Hubungan Kelembaban rumah terhadap kejadian DBD, (4) Untuk Mengetahui Hubungan Tempat Penampungan Air rumah terhadap kejadian DBD. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini mempunyai populasi yaitu semua rumah yang berada di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pekkabata dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 98 responden dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian pada bulan juni – juli 2022 Intrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa lembar observasi dan juga wawancara. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis menggunakan analisis uji chi–Square. Kesimpulan (1) Ada hubungan antara kawat kasa pada ventilasi terhadap kejadian DBD (p=0,004<0,05) (2) Ada hubungan antara Pencahayaan terhadap kejadian DBD (p=0,000<0,05) (3) Tidak ada hubungan antara kelembaban terhadap kejadian DBD (p=0,955>0,05) (4) Tidak ada hubungan antara Tempat Penampungan Air terhadap kejadian DBD (p=0,377>0,05).

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47

Nicoleti, J. F., J. Telis-Romero, and V. R. N. Telis. "AIR-DRYING OF FRESH AND OSMOTICALLY PRE-TREATED PINEAPPLE SLICES: FIXED AIR TEMPERATURE VERSUS FIXED SLICE TEMPERATURE DRYING KINETICS." Drying Technology 19, no. 9 (September 30, 2001): 2175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/drt-100107493.

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48

Angelina, Claudia Ratna, and Rudatin Windraswara. "Factors Related with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Incidence in 2008-2017." Unnes Journal of Public Health 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v8i1.26549.

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Abstract The number of cases of DHF in Indonesia from year to year tends to increase and the area of spread is increasingly widespread. The incidence of DHF in the city of Semarang over the past 10 years (2008-2017) experienced fluctuations. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that correlated with data on DHF incidents in Semarang City in 2008-2017. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with correlation study by using a type of time series analysis design. Data analysis was performed in univariate, bivariate by using Spearman correlation test, and multivariate by using Multiple Linear Regression test. The results showed that rainfall (r = 0.201; p = 0.028) and population density (r = -0.761; p = 0,000) correlated with DHF incidence data. Air temperature (r = -0,150; p = 0,103) and air humidity (r = 0,171; p = 0,062) did not correlate with DHF incident data. Rainfall, air temperature, air humidity, and population density had an effect of 62.8% on DHF incident data and the most influential factor is air humidity. The conclusion of this study is that rainfall and population density correlate with DHF incidence data, the most influential factor on DHF incidence data is air humidity. Abstrak Jumlah kasus DBD di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun cenderung meningkat dan daerah penyebarannya semakin luas. Angka kejadian DBD di Kota Semarang selama 10 tahun terakhir (2008-2017) mengalami fluktuasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan data kejadian DBD di Kota Semarang tahun 2008-2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan studi korelasi menggunakan jenis desain analisis seri waktu. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman, dan multivariat menggunakan uji Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan (r=0,201; p=0,028) dan kepadatan penduduk (r=-0,761; p=0,000) berhubungan dengan data kejadian DBD. Suhu udara (r=-0,150; p=0,103) dan kelembaban udara (r=0,171; p=0,062) tidak berhubungan dengan data kejadian DBD. Curah hujan, suhu udara, kelembaban udara, dan kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh sebesar 62,8% terhadap data kejadian DBD dan faktor yang paling berpengaruh adalah kelembaban udara. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah curah hujan dan kepadatan penduduk berhubungan dengan data kejadian DBD, faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap data kejadian DBD adalah kelembaban udara.

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49

Guo, Ning, Ying Fei Hou, Ya Ya Gu, and Chun Hu Li. "The Effects of Immobilization Conditions and Materials on the Desulfurization Performance of Immobilized UP-3." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.740.

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Immobilization of the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens UP-3, which was isolated from soil and sewage in the Shengli Oilfield, was studied in this paper. The suitable culture condition of growth cells was determined. The effects of immobilization conditions and materials on the desulfurization performance of immobilized cells were investigated. The results showed that the immobilized cells with mixture of sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the immobilized carrier had good biodesulfurization characteristics; The optimum operation immobilization conditions are 4° C, the concentration of SA being 3% (w), the concentration of PVA and SA being 7% (w), and the ratio of carriers (ml) and cells (g) being 20. When DBT addition is 2.7 mM, the DBT degradation rate of immbobilized cells is above 60%.

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50

Torbin, A. P., A. V. Demyanov, I. V. Kochetov, P. A. Mikheyev, and A. M. Mebel. "Ozone production in a dielectric barrier discharge in air- and oxygen–methane mixtures. Experiment and modeling." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac5569.

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Abstract The effect of methane on ozone production in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was studied in mixtures of CH4 with synthesized air and oxygen. It was found that addition of CH4 significantly reduced the number density of ozone other conditions being equal. A DBD model was developed that takes into account the spatial structure of microdischarges and the fact that near the electrodes their filaments transform into surface discharges, where most of ozone is produced. In addition, in air and air–CH4 mixtures the successive microdischarges were considered to occur not randomly in space, but at the same positions on the electrodes or moving with the flow occurring in the same volumes. The measured values of ozone number density downstream of the DBD were compared with simulation results, obtained with this novel DBD model. A good agreement between experiment and calculations was observed.

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