Дисертації з теми "AIMAH"

La recherche ethoarcheologique effectuee sur le village de 'aima en jordanie vise a apporter des elements pour la comprehension des sites islamiques. Cette etude est centree sur l'analyse de l'architecture traditionnelle qui fait l'objet d'une typologie applicable a tous les villages jordaniens de l'epoque ottomane. La population de bedouins sedentarisee a 'aima (6 tribus) a adopte le type architectural de la region. Sont analyses l'organisation interieure et exterieure de l'habitat et les types d'utilisations des espaces interieurs et exterieurs. Les schemas d'evolution de cette architecture agglutinante sont etudies a l' echelle de la famille et de la tribu (premiere partie). Dans une deuxieme partie, tres courte vu l'absence de publications des travaux archeologiques en cours sur les sites islamiques, nous presentons un site byzantino-omeyyade qui a livre un type d'habitat comparable a celui de 'aima
The ethnoarchaeological research done on the jordanian village of 'aima, aims to give informations to archaeologists working on islamic sites. The study focuses on the analysis of tradional architecture. A typology has been made that fits to all the jordanian villages from ottoman period. The bediuns sedentarized in 'aima (six tribes) have adopted the architectural type of the area. The way of using interior and exterior spaces and their relations are analyzed. The criteria of evolution of this architecture are studied at the scale of the families and the tribes (first part). The second part, because of the lack of publication concerning work done on islamic sites, is very short. We present a byzantino-omeyyade site with similar type of architecture

Japan, destroyed by an ill-fought war and risen to world power and yet again recently broken by natural and man-made phenomena, a nation intensely recognized the world over yet misunderstood, victim of its own exceptionalism, today needs to ask an old question. Will Japan participate in the international community as a full active member? Japan's involvement with the world was narrowly defined and confined to that of a trader and its image sustained by a self-proclaimed unique culture and all these today are put to the test. The trader's fundamental reliance on strictly cultural values to achieve success may today be insufficient to sustain their survival in a globalized world. Thus, the Japanese as well as foreigners question the validity of hitherto successful cultural tools such as loyalty in the context of globalized commerce

Il Piano Marshall è stato oggetto di numerosi studi e ricerche, che si sono concentrati prevalentemente su aspetti economici e politici. Questo progetto di tesi riguarda un argomento meno presente nella storiografia tradizionale, ovvero il ruolo dei filmati propagandistici prodotti dagli Stati Uniti per informare dell’importanza del Piano sia i contribuenti americani sia le popolazioni dei paesi europei beneficiari. La ricerca ha inteso sottolineare la rilevanza dei documenti audiovisivi in quanto fonti primarie a disposizione degli storici, e si è concentrata sulle produzioni filmiche riguardanti la Francia e la Gran Bretagna. A tale scopo, sono stati tradotti e sottotitolati in italiano due brevi documentari propagandistici del 1950, uno dal francese e uno dall'inglese. Nella prima parte della tesi viene descritto il contesto storico in cui si inserisce il Piano Marshall, dando particolare rilievo alla sua applicazione in Francia e in Gran Bretagna. In secondo luogo, vengono illustrati gli aspetti ideologici del Piano, offrendo una panoramica della campagna informativa americana e ponendo l’accento sull'uso propagandistico dei film. In particolare, è stato realizzato un censimento dei filmati su Francia e Gran Bretagna, sintetizzando i dati disponibili in una tabella. La terza parte della tesi è invece dedicata al processo di sottotitolaggio. Dopo avere introdotto l’ambito della traduzione audiovisiva e dopo avere descritto le principali caratteristiche del genere documentario, sono stati analizzati i due filmati ("Lou Mas Aimat" e "The Marshall Plan at Work in Great Britain"), evidenziando i motivi per cui possono essere considerati due esempi significativi di documentari propagandistici. Infine, vengono descritte le strategie traduttive adottate e le principali difficoltà riscontrate durante la fase di sottotitolaggio.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis exhibits tight physiological regulation on a circadian and ultradian basis in humans. Key central regulators include the peptides corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (VP), acting at the pituitary, and at peripheral structures relevant to the HPA axis and other components of the stress system. Altered regulation has many causes, frequently related to tumorigenesis, and can lead to disease due to an excess of the HPA axis end-organ hormone cortisol, as in Cushing’s syndrome (CS), or cortisol deficiency, as in Addison’s disease. More subtle alterations of HPA axis function have been associated with many diseases. It may be that a lack of normal circadian and ultradian regulation leads to altered well-being. Studies of three families with the rare cause of cortisol excess, ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) revealed that adrenal function could be directly stimulated by an aberrant response to exogenous vasopressin (VP; VPs-AIMAH). In addition, it appeared possible to define subtle forms of adrenal dysregulation or early tumour formation, short of clinical CS, thereby expanding the range of phenotypic expression of this disorder for the first time, and further highlighting the familial nature of VPs-AIMAH. Studies of germline DNA, as well as expression of genes potentially relevant to the VP response in adrenal tumours, did not reveal any abnormality to explain heritable VPs-AIMAH. A SNPbased linkage study in the largest (seven affected) family revealed a single potential locus (LOD score 1.83) leading to sequencing of a number of positional candidates. Further studies have included gene expression studies of the familial AIMAH tumours, the most extensive of these studies internationally, in vivo stimulation studies of adrenal steroid intermediates, and finally whole exome capture and next-generation sequencing, all of which has led to increased knowledge in the AIMAH field, but without final gene/mutation identification to date. Parallel studies examined VP responses in a convenience sample of patients presenting with adrenocortical hormone hypersecretion states or incidentally discovered adrenal tumours, and an attempt to simultaneously examine the negative predictive value of nocturnal salivary cortisol (NSC) sampling to detect the prevalence of mild CS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus led to the conclusion that aberrant VP responses are less frequent in adrenocortical tumours, the NSC has a low false positive rate compared with other screening tests, and that mild CS is not prevalent in local diabetes cohorts, consistent with more recent international data. Finally, a study aimed at determining the importance of circadian and ultradian HPA axis responses was embarked upon in patients with Addison’s disease, a patient group with an unmet need relating to poor well-being. Dose-response dynamic biochemical studies established the feasibility of continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion (CSHI) to produce physiological ultradian responses to daily life stress. The feasibility of longer term CSHI was studied in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Recruitment rates have led to this study being adopted at a multicentre level. Ultimately, this study will address the question of the importance of cortisol rhythmicity and responsiveness to well-being in humans.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, 2011

La majorité des hyperplasies macronodulaires bilatérales des surrénales avec syndrome de Cushing ACTH-indépendant (AIMAH) est due à l’expression aberrante de divers récepteurs hormonaux au niveau du cortex surrénalien. Les gènes responsables des AIMAH familiales avec récepteurs aberrants n’ont pas été identifiés. Le but de ce projet est de les identifier. Une étude de liaison, visant à identifier la ou les régions du génome comprenant le ou les gènes pouvant être en cause dans les AIMAH familiales, a été réalisée en utilisant l’ADN des membres d’une famille (10 malades et 7 sains) originaire du Québec, atteinte d’AIMAH et syndrome de Cushing et caractérisée par l’expression des récepteurs β-adrénergique et V1-vasopressine. Diverses régions chromosomiques entre les personnes atteintes et non-atteintes de la famille ont été soulignées. Un total de 707453 SNPs a été obtenu, et après analyse statistique, 159 SNPs significatifs, pouvant être associés au phénotype, ont été mis en évidence entre les deux groupes. Il a été constaté que la majorité de ces SNPs se situaient sur les régions chromosomiques 1q32.1 et 16q12.2. Une étude du transcriptome a aussi été réalisée en utilisant l’ADN des tumeurs de deux patients de la famille, ainsi que l’ADN d'autres tumeurs surrénaliennes. Les analyses statistiques ont permis d’identifier 15 gènes susceptibles d’être reliés à la maladie (11 surexprimés et 4 sous-exprimés). En utilisant les données de ces deux études, nous avons ciblé six gènes du chromosome 1 (ATP2B4, PPP1R12B, SOX13, CACNA1S, ADORA1et PHLDA3), un du chromosome 16 (CHD9) et un du chromosome 13 (SPRY2), afin de rechercher la présence de mutations. Le séquençage n’a révélé aucun changement de nucléotide dans les gènes PPP1R12B et SOX13. Dans les gènes ATP2B4, CACNA1S, ADORA1et PHLDA3, le séquençage a révélé des changements de nucléotides n’entrainant soit pas de changement d’acide aminé soit un changement d’acide aminé jugé « non pertinent », du fait qu’il ne permettait pas de différencier les sujets sains des sujets atteints. Pour ce qui est de CHD9 et SPRY2, le séquençage a permis d’identifier des changements de nucléotides entrainant des changements d’acides aminés de façon plus fréquente chez les sujets atteints par rapport aux sujets sains. En conclusion, nos travaux nous ont donc permis d’identifier, par étude de liaison et par analyse du transcriptome, des gènes candidats qui pourraient être responsables de cette pathologie. Le séquençage de ces gènes candidats a révélé des mutations de CHD9 et SPRY2. Ces résultats s’avèrent prometteurs puisque ces deux gènes produisent des protéines impliquées dans le remodelage de la chromatine et dans la régulation de la signalisation des protéines kinases. Le phénotypage et le génotypage des patients atteints doivent être poursuivis pour vérification.
The majority of ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome (AIMAH) is due to the aberrant expression of various receptors in the adrenal cortex. The genes responsible for familial AIMAH with aberrant receptors have not been identified. The aim of this project is to characterize them. A linkage study to identify the region or regions of the genome comprising the gene or genes that may be involved in familial AIMAH was performed using DNA of family members (10 affected and 7 non affected) born in Quebec and harboring AIMAH and Cushing's syndrome, under the aberrant regulation of B-adrenergic and V1-vasopressin receptors. Various chromosomal regions between patients and non-affected family were highlighted. A total of 707,453 SNPs were obtained, and after statistical analysis, 159 significant SNPs, possibly associated with phenotype, were found between the two groups. It was found that the majority of these SNPs were located on chromosomal regions 1q32.1 and 16q12.2. A transcriptome analysis was conducted using DNA from tumours of two patients of the family, as well as DNA from other adrenal tumours; Statistical analysis identified 15 genes that may be linked to disease (11 up-regulated and 4 under-expressed). Using data from these two studies, we identified six genes on chromosome 1 (ATP2B4, PPP1R12B, SOX13, ADORA1, CACNA1S and PHLDA3), one on chromosome 16 (CHD9) and one on chromosome 13 (SPRY2), to investigate the presence of mutations. The sequencing revealed no nucleotide changes in gene PPP1R12B and SOX13. In ATP2B4, CACNA1S, ADORA1 and PHLDA3, the sequencing not revealed nucleotides changes leading to either amino acid changes or an amino acid changes considered “not-relevant”, because they do not differentiate healthy individuals from affected. The sequencing of CHD9 and SPRY2 identified nucleotide changes causing amino acid changes more frequently in patients compared to healthy subjects. In conclusion, our work has therefore identified by linkage analysis and DNA microarray candidate genes that can be responsible to this disease, and mutations in two of these genes, CHD9 and SPRY2. These results are promising because these genes produce proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and regulation of signaling protein kinases. Phenotyping and genotyping of patients should be pursued further.

Keywords: AIMA, museum history, agricultural history, International NGO history, Cold War This research focuses on the emergence and development of agricultural museum practice and theory in 20th -century Europe, with special attention to the establishment of knowledge networks between different transnational actors; contributing to the identification of theoretical change and methodological trends in the development of this museological field. The Skansen Open-Air Museum in Stockholm, a folklore museum, and the Hungarian Agricultural Museum in Budapest, a national museum with a markedly technical character, both founded in the 1890s, were the two pioneer institutions of this kind, acting as role-models for later initiatives around Europe and beyond. This bipolar ancestry reflects the variety of approaches possible, still today, in the realm of agricultural museology: one can find agriculture-related museums focused on technical matters, food and nutrition, folklore, specific industries or sectors, etc. Furthermore, the museographic approaches and curatorial options of these institutions can vary considerably from re-enactment of traditional practices to the science-centre-inspired display of environmental matters. At a time when environmental, agricultural, and food related matters gain increasing...

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系所
100
This thesis discusses the involvement and participation of local communities in tourism development in Mongolia using a case study of local communities in Khovd aimag. To explore this research topic, the thesis examines three key concepts: local communities’ involvement and participation in tourism development process, community participation in the tourism development decision-making process, and the appropriate roles of local people in tourism development. To achieve these systematically, the research is guided by three inter-related research questions: (1) what are the views of local people towards community involvement in tourism development; (2) what are appropriate roles of local people in tourism development; and (3) to what extent do local people participate in the tourism development decision-making process. To gain a rich understanding of the context of the research, the thesis employs a case study approach, which enables: firstly, investigation at the community level to bring together perspectives from the grass-root level, where little research on this topic has been done; secondly, involvement of key stakeholders that explores perspectives from a range of stakeholders (ordinary members of the tourism community partnerships and decision-makers within the community); and the field observations, document analysis, and informal discussions). Such an approach improves the validity of the findings and successfully addresses the central research questions. Both quantitative and qualitative data generated from these techniques are analysed, integrated and compared, and are used to complement each other. The result of this study reveals that local communities have knowledge of the positive impacts of tourism and beneficiaries of involvement in tourism process. According to the results, there is a general agreement among respondents that tourism encourages a variety of cultural activities. The local communities also acknowledge that tourism creates employment opportunities and generates income. Furthermore the results also showed that the respondents supported ‘taking part actively in the tourism decision-making process’ (mean 4.50) in order of importance based on percentage scores of levels of agreement. This result confirmed by local people’s views regarding the role of the local community in tourism development suggested by a series of seven statements. The statement ‘local people should be consulted when tourism policies are being made’ supported with highest mean score (4.45), but two statements were rejected: ‘local people should take the leading role as workers at all levels’ (mean 2.95) and ‘local people should not participate by any means’ (mean 1.45). Based on these results, this study concludes that local people wish to play a role in the tourism development decision-making process. In general, local people would like to see the decision-making body for tourism development made up of both elected officials, who represent the local community to ensure community needs, priority, and interests to be not by-passed, and appointed officials, who often bring in their expertise and professional knowledge. But in the course of exercising their duties, they should first consult the local people in order to collect public views. The desired way of involving the local community in tourism development by the local people appears to represent “spontaneous participation” in Tosun (2006)’s typology, which advocates bottom-up, active participation by local people. However, there are still some obstacles to community involvement and participation in tourism development in Khovd aimag. They include: low levels of interest showed by local people in following up issues beyond their immediate family domain (apathy); poor co-ordination between involved parties (ordinary members of the local community and their leaders); and low levels of awareness of the whole idea of community involvement coupled with lack of education.