Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ahmed Abdallah"

ORIGINS OF THE IDAW ALIThe Idaw ‘Ali are one of the two most prominent and influentialzuwaya groups in Mauritania, the other being the Kunta, disseminatorsof the Qadiriyya tariqa in West Africa who claim to be descendants ofthe great Arab hero and conqueror of North Africa, Uqba b. Nafi. Thebasis of the prestige of the Idaw ‘Ali rested in part on their widelyrecognized sharifian origin. Another basis of their prestige was theirintroduction of the Tijaniyya tariqa in Mauritania As descendants ofProphet Muhammed, the Idaw ‘Ali occupied a noble and privilegedposition in the society that placed them above the other zawaya and laygroups in Mauritania.The Idaw ‘Ali traditions, as reported by Sidi Abd-allah b. al-HajjIbrahim al-‘Alawi (d. 1818) in his treatise, “Sahihat al-Naql fi AlawiyatIdaw ‘Ali wa Bakriyat Muhammed Ghull” (The Authenticity of theDescee Idaw ‘Ali from Caliph ‘Ali and that of Muhammed Ghull fromCaliph ‘Abu Bakr al-Siddiq), state unequivocally that the Idaw ‘Alidescended from ‘Ali b. ‘Abu Talib (d. 661), son-in-law of the Prophet andfourth Caliph, through an eponymous ancestor ‘Ali b. Yahya. SidiAbdallah maintains that:. . .the Idawa ‘Ali are the descendants of ‘Ali b. Yahya and to bereckoned the progeny of ‘Ali b. ‘Abu Talib (May God bepleased with him). We know of no disagreement between thosewho are learned in that which has been handed down, bothwritten and spoken, and those who have been favored withspiritual illumination regarding it.This genealogy is said to have been examined and declared sound by SidiMukhtar al-Kunti, the founding father of the Qadiriyya-Mukhtariyyabrotherhood in West Africa. Furthermore, the author of “Sahihat al-Naql” adduced numerous quotations which he related to genealogistsand scholars of Mauritania and the Orient to prove the validity of theIdaw ‘Ali’s claim to shar(fian ancestry.Sidi Abdallah relates in “Sahihat al-Naql” that he was informed bySidi Ahmed al-Daymani, the famed scholar of the Awlad Daymanzawaya group, that the Idaw ‘Ali descended from the house of theProphet. According to al-Daymani, the Idaw ‘Ali. . .are the progeny of ‘Ali and.. . both their young and their oldcontinue to trace their lineage to him in spite of the paucity ofthat which God has allotted to them in support of their claim.Sidi Abdallah also relates that a member of the Idaw ‘Ali made thepilgrimage to Mecca where he met Sidi Ahmed al-Habib of the Idaw‘Ali. Sidi Ahmed is said to have told the pilgrim:If you are in straightened circumstances, then say-ohforefather, oh Messenger of God-for in truth you are hisdescendant.The pilgrim asked Sidi Ahmed how he acquired this informationconcerning the lineage of the Idaw ‘Ali, and Sidi Ahmed replied:I saw that in a book in Cairo, but if you return there, askSheikh al-Murtada about the lineage of the people of Shinqit.Sheikh al-Murtada is the saint of Egypt and its sun . . .On the pilgrim’s return journey he passed through Cairo and asked ...

English Linguistics Research (ELR) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether ELR publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 2 Alina Andreea Dragoescu Urlica, University of Life Sciences, RomaniaLi-ping Chang, National Taipei College of Business, TaiwanOmer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi, Taibah University, Saudi ArabiaSawsan M.A. Ahmed, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaWagdi Bin-Hady, Hadhramout University, YemenZeineb Ayachi Ben Abdallah, Higher School of Digital Economy, Tunisia Best Regards,Camille SuEditorial Assistant, English Linguistics ResearchSciedu Press*************************************Add: 9140 Leslie St. Suite 110, Beaver Creek, Ontario, L4B 0A9, CanadaTel: 1-416-479-0028 ext. 210Fax: 1-416-642-8548E-mail 1: elr@sciedupress.com E-mail 2: elr@sciedupress.org Website: http://elr.sciedupress.com

AbstractEnglish Linguistics Research (ELR) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether ELR publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 4Alina Andreea Dragoescu Urlica, University of Life Sciences, RomaniaGirolamo Tessuto, University of Naples, ItalyHülya Tuncer, Çukurova University, TurkeyKate Short-Meyerson, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, USANassier Al-Zubaidi, University of Baghdad, IraqOmer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi, Taibah University, Saudi ArabiaSawsan M.A. Ahmed, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaWagdi Bin-Hady, Hadhramout University, YemenWin Whelan, St. Bonaventure University, USAZeineb Ayachi Ben Abdallah, Higher Institute of Human Sciences Jendouba, Tunisia Best Regards,Camille SuEditorial Assistant, English Linguistics ResearchSciedu Press*************************************Add: 9140 Leslie St. Suite 110, Beaver Creek, Ontario, L4B 0A9, CanadaTel: 1-416-479-0028 ext. 210Fax: 1-416-642-8548E-mail1: elr@sciedupress.com E-mail2: elr@sciedupress.org Website: http://elr.sciedupress.com

English Linguistics Research (ELR) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether ELR publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 1 Alina Andreea Dragoescu Urlica, University of Life Sciences, RomaniaHülya Tuncer, Çukurova University, TurkeyKate Short-Meyerson, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, USAKazeem K. Olaniyan, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, NigeriaLi-ping Chang, National Taipei College of Business, TaiwanOmer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi, Taibah Universit, Saudi ArabiaSawsan M.A. Ahmed, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaWin Whelan, St. Bonaventure University, USAZeineb Ayachi Ben Abdallah, Higher Institute of Human Sciences Jendouba, Tunisia Best Regards,Camille SuEditorial Assistant, English Linguistics ResearchSciedu Press*************************************Add: 9140 Leslie St. Suite 110, Beaver Creek, Ontario, L4B 0A9, CanadaTel: 1-416-479-0028 ext. 210Fax: 1-416-642-8548E-mail1: elr@sciedupress.com E-mail2: elr@sciedupress.org Website: http://elr.sciedupress.com

English Linguistics Research (ELR) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether ELR publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 2 Alina Andreea Dragoescu Urlica, University of Life Sciences, RomaniaAyman Daif-Allah, Qassim University, EgyptFadi Maher Al-Khasawneh, King Khalid University, Saudi ArabiaHülya Tuncer, Çukurova University, TurkeyKatherine Short-Meyerson, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, USANaom Nyarigoti, United States International University-Africa, KenyaOmer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi, Taibah University, Saudi ArabiaSawsan M.A. Ahmed, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaWin Whelan, St. Bonaventure University, USAZeineb Ayachi Ben Abdallah, Higher Institute of Human Sciences Jendouba, Tunisia Best Regards,Camille SuEditorial Assistant, English Linguistics ResearchSciedu Press*************************************Add: 9140 Leslie St. Suite 110, Beaver Creek, Ontario, L4B 0A9, CanadaTel: 1-416-479-0028 ext. 210Fax: 1-416-642-8548E-mail 1: elr@sciedupress.com E-mail 2: elr@sciedupress.org Website: http://elr.sciedupress.com

Dear Readers, It is a great honor for us to publish Volume 7, Issue 1 of Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research. Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research (GJCS) is an international online journal for scientists and professionals involved in all aspects of computer sciences. This journal serves as an international platform that fosters theoretical and practical issues and new applications for all scientists and professionals from the field of computer sciences including original research and innovative applications from all parts of the world. Aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share the results of their academic studies. There are different research topics discussed in the articles. For example, Musa Peker, Ali Sasar, Osman Ozkaraca and Gurbuz Akcay examined estimation of HbA1c value using artificial neural networks. Fatih Tekmen and Ozgun Tanriover provided an an assessment of a government website by focusing on website usability evaluation with quickly applicable guidelines. In addition, Abdallah Tubaishat and Sara Sumaidaa carried out research on implementation guidelines for green data centres. Mohamed Rahou, Fethi Sebaa and Abdelmadjid Cheikh Sid Ahmed Benmansour discussed error compensation in NC machine tools. Amel Ourici, Wafa Tourab and Merabet Leila examined direct control of active and reactive power of a doubly fed induction machine. Sekhane Hocine and Labed Djamel investigated standard IEEE test systems 57-bus and Algerian 59-bus together and they concluded that the results of power flow compared with the popular MATPOWER software environment show the exactitude of our code calculation, and the enhancement of voltage profile, especially in buses where STATCOM is placed. Finally, Cigdem Bakir proposed a speech recognition system for Turkish language with hybrid method. A total number of ten (10) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of seven (7) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication. We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue. Best regards Prof. Dr. Dogan Ibrahim Editor – in Chief

(IIUMEJ) IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860 Volume 19, Issue 2, December 2018 https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i2 CHIEF EDITOR Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia TECHNICAL EDITOR Erry Yulian Triblas Adesta, IIUM, Malaysia EXECUTIVE EDITOR AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia ASSOCIATE EDITOR Anis Nurashikin Nordin, IIUM, Malaysia LANGUAGE EDITOR Lynn Mason, Malaysia COPY EDITOR Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, IIUM, Malaysia EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia Amir Akramin Shafie, IIUM, Malaysia Erwin Sulaeman, IIUM, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hazleen Anuar, IIUM, Malaysia Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia Md Zahangir Alam, IIUM, Malaysia Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia Mohamed B. Trabia, United States Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States Muataz Hazza Faizi Al Hazza, IIUM, Malaysia Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore Nor Farahidah Binti Za'bah, IIUM, Malaysia Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States Rosminazuin AB. Rahim, IIUM, Malaysia Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. Anwar, United States Abdul Latif Bin Ahmad, Malaysia Farzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hany Ammar, United States Idris Mohammed Bugaje, Nigeria K.B. Ramachandran, India Kunzu Abdella, Canada Luis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, France M Mujtaba, United Kingdom Mohamed AI-Rubei, Ireland Mohamed B Trabia, United States Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States Nazmul Karim Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States Razi Nalim, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States Syed Kamrul Islam, United States Tibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary Yiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia. AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUMENGINEERING JOURNAL The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually, is a carefully refereed international publication of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines; covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of Engineering and Applied Science are also welcomed. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under Regular papers, Invited review papers, Short communications, Technical notes, and Letters to the editor (no page charge). Book reviews, reports of and/or call for papers of conferences, symposia and meetings, and advances in research equipment could also be published in IIUM Engineering Journal with minimum charges. REFEREES’ NETWORK All papers submitted to IIUM Engineering Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees’ assessments. SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT A manuscript should be submitted online to the IIUM-Engineering Journal website: http://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal. Further correspondence on the status of the paper could be done through the journal website and the e-mail addresses of the Executive Editor: zahirulalam@iium.edu.my Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Phone: (603) 6196 4529, Fax:(603) 6196 4488. Table of Content EDITORIAL............................................................................................... i CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING CHLORELLA VULGARIS LOGISTIC GROWTH KINETICS MODEL IN HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF AQUEOUS AMMONIA................... 1 Azlin Suhaida Azmi, Nurain Atikah Che Aziz, Noor Illi Mohamad Puad, Amanatuzzakiah Abdul Halim, Faridah Yusof, Suzana Yusup SYNTHETIC ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL FABRICS: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES............. 10 Norashikin Binti Mat Zain, John Olabode Akindoyo, Mohammad Dalour Hossen Beg CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE OF HIGH STRENGTH LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE USING PALM WASTES................................... 30 Md. Nazmul Huda, Mohd Zamin Jumaat, Abul Bashar Mohammad Saiful Islam, Walid Abubaker Al-Kutti ELECTRICAL, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING WIDE RANGE MODULATION INDEXES FEATURED CARRIER-BASED PWM STEPPED WAVEFORM FOR HALF- BRIDGE MODULAR MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS......................................................................................... 43 Majdee Tohtayong, Sheroz Khan, Mashkuri Yaacob, Siti Hajar Yusoff, Nur Shahida Midi, Musse Muhamud Ahmed A NOVEL METHOD TO ESTIMATE ECONOMIC REPLACING TIME OF TRANSFORMER USING MONTE CARLO ALGORITHM AND ANN............................................................................................... 54 Mehdi Zareian Jahromi, M. Hossein Mehrabanjahromi, Mohsen Tajdinian, Mehdi Allahbakhshi ADAPTIVE TRIMMED MEAN AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL FOR REDUCTION OF POISSON NOISE IN SCINTIGRAPHIC IMAGES.......... 68 Khan Bahadar Khan, Muhammad Shahid, Hayat Ullah, Eid Rehman, Muhammad Mohsin Khan EVALUATION OF THE W-METRIC ROUTING USING RPL PROTOCOL IN LLNS........................................................................ 80 Rosminazuin Ab Rahim, Abdallah M. Awwad, Aisha Hasan Abdalla, Aliza Aini Md Ralib INVESTIGATION ON NEED FOR SPECIFIC PROPAGATION MODEL FOR SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT BASED ON DIFFERENT TERRAIN CHARACTERISTICS...................90 Jide Julius Popoola, Akinlolu Adediran Ponnle, Yekeen Olajide Olasoji, Samson Adenle Oyetunji A STUDY ON LOW-COMPLEXITY TRANSMIT ANTENNA SELECTION FOR GENERALIZED SPATIAL MODULATION.................................................................................. 105 Simeon Olumide Ajose, Adewale Akanbi Alafia, Agbotiname Lucky Imoize A NEW SPECTRUM AND ENERGY AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL IN COGNITIVE RADIO SENSOR NETWORK.............................. 118 Sara Moshtaghi, Sayyed Majid Mazinani RECENT TRENDS IN DENGUE DETECTION METHODS USING BIOSENSORS................................................................................ 134 Ahmad Anwar Zainuddin, Anis Nurashikin Nordin, Rosminazuin Ab Rahim NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TUNNEL LED LIGHTING MAINTENANCE FACTOR.......................................................................... 154 Mehmet Sait Cengiz, Çiğdem Cengiz ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS AND APPLIED SCIENCE ABOUT THE SILICON SENSITIVITY OF THE DEEP LEVEL WITH ALTERNATING PRESSURE................................... 164 Ikrom Gulamovich Tursunov, Abdurahim Abduraxmonovich Okhunov, Odiljon Oxundadaevich Mamatkarimov THE HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS FOR OSCILLATING 2D RECTANGULAR BOX USING WEAKLY COMPRESSIBLE SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS (WCSPH) METHOD................................................................................. 172 Muhammad zahir ramli AN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE TO OBTAIN HIGHER-ORDER APPROXIMATE PERIODS FOR THE NONLINEAR OSCILLATOR................... 182 Md Sazzad Hossien Chowdhury, Md. Alal Hosen, Mohammad Yeakub Ali, Ahmad Faris Ismail MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING EFFECT OF POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) ON THE INJECTABILITY, SETTING BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE BONE CEMENT.........................................................192 Sufiamie Hablee, Iis Sopyan, Maizirwan Mel, Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, Md. Mujibur Rahman MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING STUDY OF MESH QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FOR CFD ANALYSIS OF AN AIRFOIL................................................ 203 Farah Aqilah, Mazharul Islam, Franjo Juretic, Joel Guerrero, David Wood, Farid Nasir Ani MECHATRONICS AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING COLOR RECOGNITION WEARABLE DEVICE USING MACHINE LEARNING FOR VISUALY IMPAIRED PERSON................................... 213 Tarek Mohamed Bolad , Nik Nur Wahidah Nik Hashim, Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif COMBINATION OF FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING WITH ABRASIVE MILLING FOR ATTAINING HIGHER DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY AND BETTER SURFACE FINISH ..................................... 221 Abu Naser Mohammad Amanullah Tomal, Tanveer Saleh, Md Raisuddin Khan Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement. Published by: IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone (+603) 6196-5014, Fax: (+603) 6196-6298 Website: http://www.iium.edu.my/office/iiumpress

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.   Reviewers for Volume 13, Number 2       Abdallah El-Gharbawy, Alexandria University, Egypt Ahmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria Ahmet Ozan Gezerman, Toros Agri-Industry, Research and Development Center, Turkey Ayodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South Africa Brice Ulrich Saha Foudjo, Catholic University of Cameroon, Cameroon Farhaoui Mohamed, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Morocco Gholam Hossain Varshouee, National Petrochemical Company, Iran Ho Soon Min, INTI International University, Malaysia Kevin C. Cannon, Penn State Abington, USA Khaldun Mohammad Al Azzam, Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology, Saudi Arabia Nanda Gunawardhana, Saga University, Japan Nanthaphong Khamthong, Rangsit University, Thailand Nejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, Tunisia Rafael Gomes da Silveira, Federal Institute of Education, Brazil Rania I.M. Almoselhy, FTRI&ARC, Egypt Severine Queyroy, Aix-Marseille Université, France Sintayehu Leshe, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia Sitaram Acharya, Texas Christian University, USA Tony Di Feo, Natural Resources Canada, Canada   Albert John On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry Canadian Center of Science and Education

This article examines the priority focus of discussion in the Council Dhikr with anyone who narrated about Dhikr Majlis virtue , How takhrij and i'tibar sanad hadith about the virtues Dhikr Majlis And How content (sermon) Hadith about Dhikr Majlis virtue. The method used to answer the focus of the study is a library with researcusing a normative approach that emphasizes the descriptive analysis of the data sources were found. The results showed that the hadith is narrated by (1)al-Bukhariy (2) Muslims and (3) Ahmad Bin Hanbal. The chain of 3 mukharrij through five lanes of chains with all four met in tabaqah to behold from the Bahz of Suhail of facet of Abu Huraira. takhrij activities and I'tibar of Ahmad bin Hanbal path carefully, found the transmitters of the chain as follows: (1) Abu Huraira as the last chain of narrators first (2) facet as both narrator chain V, (3) Suhail as a third narrator chain IV, (4) behold a fourth chain of narrators III (5) Affan as the fifth chain of narrators II and (6) Ahmad bin Hanbal as well as the last narrator al-Mukharrij al-Hadith. secar implicit when observed honor traditions of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, coming from Yahya ibn Sa'id from 'Abdallah ibn Sa'eed Mawla of Abi Ziyad Abu Ayyash from Darda' that the Prophet it to my question as to the content of the question is the Messenger of Allah said: "Shall I show you do the best, the most holy in the sight of your king (God), and the lifting derajatmu; be better for you than gold or silver, and better for you than meeting your enemies-in, and then you cut off his head or they cut your throat". The Companions who were present said: "What this is Ya Allah!". He said: "Remembrance of Allah, the most Exalted, the Most Great".

The aim of this paper is to rethink the metaphors of the cinema as window and frame. The first one addresses the cinema as a transparent, open window that faithfully reproduces the world, taking the spectator’s view beyond the screen guided by realism and indexicality. The second one takes the screen as a rectangular surface that focuses the audience’s eye on the images that are produced inside its borders. In these pages I will revisit both notions, adding a third one inspired by the passe-partout of Derrida: the cinema as veil, also theorized as backdrop and decor. Ultimately, this approach explores the idea of simulacrum by analizing two examples: Blue (Apichatpong Weerasethakul, 2018) and Decor (Ahmad Abdalla, 2014).

Depuis la proclamation de l'indépendance unilatérale des Comores le 6 juillet 1975, par Ahmed Abdallah, l'État comorien n'a cessé de traverser de multiples crises politiques et institutionnelles qui conduisent spécialistes et non-spécialistes à revenir sur ce moment fondateur. Dans l'historiographie comme dans les mémoires collectives, deux figures ont particulièrement incarné deux voies opposées. Celle d'Ahmed Abdallah (1919-1989), « le père de l'indépendance » (mbaba wahindépendasi) apparaît comme le garant de valeurs conservatrices. A l'inverse, Ali Soilihi (1937-1978), issu d'une autre génération, incarne un modèle de changement radical associé aux idéaux révolutionnaires et anti-impérialistes des années 1960 et 1970. Au-delà de cette opposition classique entre conceptions politiques et rapports au monde peu conciliables, la thèse entend revenir de manière inédite sur les conditions d'arrivée au pouvoir Ali Soilihi et d'autres représentants d'une génération marquée par le contexte global de la décolonisation et de la circulation de modèles politiques socialistes venus du Bloc de l'Est comme d'Afrique. A partir de sources nouvelles ou peu connues, elle vise à retracer avec précision l'histoire politique et sociale du régime instauré par Ali Soilihi à la suite d'un coup d'État. Elle montre que la révolution comorienne a d'abord suscité l'enthousiasme parmi les plus jeunes notamment. Néanmoins, les dérives autoritaires du régime et ses difficultés profondes à affronter de multiples défis ont fragilisé ses assises et alimenté une opposition de plus en plus massive
Ever since Ahmed Abdallah made the unilateral declaration of independence of on 6 July 1975, the state of Comoros has experienced multiple political and institutional crises which have led specialists and non-specialists to revisit this foundational moment. In historiography as well as in popular memory, two figures in particular have come to represent two opposed trajectories. On the one hand, the figure of Ahmed Abdallah (1919-1989), the 'father of independence' (mbaba wahindépendasi), serves as the guarantor of conservative values. On the other hand, Ali Soilihi (1937-1978), a man from a different generation, represents a radical model of change associated with the revolutionary and anti-imperialist ideology of the 1960s and 1970s. Moving beyond this classic opposition between irreconcilable political ideas and external relationships, this thesis takes a fresh approach to the circumstances which brought to power Ali Soilihi and other members of a generation who were influenced by both the global context of decolonisation and the circulation of socialist ideas from the Eastern Bloc as well as Africa. Using new or little known sources, it seeks to retrace carefully the political and social history of the regime introduced by Ali Soilihi following a coup d'état. It shows that the Comorian revolution initially aroused enthusiasm, especially among the youth. However, the authoritarian drift of the regime and its profound inability to confront multiple challenges weakened its foundations and fuelled an increasingly strong opposition

The "inquisition" (Mihnah) unleashed by the seventh Abbasid caliph, 'Abdallah al-Ma'mun (r. 813-833), has long attracted the attention of modern scholars of the intellectual, political, and religious history of the early Abbasid era. Because this event, which began in 820 and stretched through the reigns of two of al-Ma'mun's successors, appears at a convergence of prominent currents in systematic theology, rationalist thought, theocratic politics, and nascent trends in Shiism and Sunnism, historians have seen it as the key to a wide array of puzzles and problems in early Islamic history. In this incisive study, John Nawas subjects the various proposed explanations of these events to a sober and searching analysis and, in the process, presents a new interpretation of al-Ma'mun's political and religious policies, contextualized against the background of early Abbasid intellectual and social history. Appended to the volume is a reprint edition of Walter M. Patton's Ahmed ibn Hanbal and the Mihna (Leiden 1897), which still has much that is useful for modern scholarship, including one enormous additional benefit; it contains most of the relevant passages in Arabic from the primary sources.

Chapter six begins with a survey of the local economy and the problems facing the new state. A coup d’état that occurred a month after independence led to a revolutionary government under Ali Soilihi, which took power and attempted to restructure the economy, as well as society more widely. Increasingly radical, faced with empty coffers and the return of 16,000 Comorians fleeing riots in Madagascar, the government was finally overthrown in a coup d’état in 1978, which ushered in a decade of despotic rule by Ahmed Abdallah, supported by Bob Denard and his mercenaries. Political repression and economic and political dependence on France and South Africa saw the country increasingly marginalized until Abdallah was finally assassinated in 1989. Meanwhile Mayotte moved closer to France, which had pledged a substantial investment program and showed no signs of abandoning the island.

The incorporation of the islands into the colony of Madagascar, as a remote and neglected province, led to economic decline. Colonial plantation owners expropriated large tracts of land leaving little for the local populations. The colonial government lacked the resources to develop the colony and there was a limited understanding of local culture. The customary wedding systems developed significantly during the colonial era, as did Sufism, the latter of which was of some concern to the French. Following the Second World War growth in political awareness was slow and the archipelago was not ready to accede to independence as other colonies had done in 1960. Growing differences between Mayotte and the other islands led to outbreaks of violence, and when territorial president Ahmed Abdallah finally declared independence in 1975, Mayotte chose to remain French.

"Ottoman sultans showed a great interest in books; on the one hand, they had their palace workshops prepare manuscripts ornamented with unique illustrations and illuminations; on the other hand, they collected books created in other locations of the Islamic world through various means, such as, gifting, looting, and purchasing. The subject of this article involves the artistic manuscripts from the Ilkhanid era that entered the Topkapı Palace Treasury. Most manuscripts in the Topkapı Palace Library consist of copies and sections (juz’) of the Koran. With their illumination and binding, these large-format books designed by the skillful illuminators and bookbinders of the Ilkhanid era are early fourteenth-century masterpieces of Islamic art of the book. Among these are Koran sections prepared for the famous Ilkhanid ruler, Sultan Uljaytu Khodabanda, and the renowned vizier, Rashid al-Din. Some examples were written by the most illustrious Islamic calligraphers, Yaqut al-Musta’simi and Arghun Kamili, illuminated by the famous artist of the era who worked in Baghdad, Muhammad b. Aybak b. Abdallah, and bound by bookbinder Abd al-Rahman. The Ilkhanid era was also a time when fascinating and important manuscripts were prepared in terms of book illustration. Two of the three Mongol-era manuscripts in the Topkapı Palace collection are copies of the Jami’at-Tawarikh—a general history of the world prepared by a commission led by the vizier Rashid al-Din under the order of the Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan Khan— while the third is a copy of the Garshaspnama. In addition, some paintings that appear in one of the palace albums belong to a volume of the Jami’at-Tawarikh on the history of Mongol khans, which has not survived. The significant and unique paintings of the Ilkhanid era are the Miʿrajnama paintings made by Ahmed Musa featured in the album prepared for Bahram Mirza, the brother of the Safavid sultan, Shah Tahmasp. The preface of the album written by Dust Muhammad refers to the famous painter Ahmed Musa, who lived in the era of the Ilkhanid ruler Abu Said, to have “removed the veil from the face of painting and invented the painting that was popular in that era.” In addition, the author states that he illustrated a Miʿrajnama. However, only the eight album pages with miʿraj images have survived this work. Through their bindings, illuminations, calligraphy, and illustrations, Ilkhanid era manuscripts from the Topkapı Palace constitute a vital collection that demonstrates the advanced level reached by the arts of the book during this era. "