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1
Kan, Ying Bo, Ling Ling Wang, Yi Shan Zhang, and En Ping Liu. "Research on Control System of Tropical Intelligent Agriculture in Hainan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.923.
Анотація:
Research on intelligent agriculture in our country has attracted great attention of the researchers now, but it is still under discovery. According to tropical agriculture in Hainan to IT's demand, the paper studies the key technology in the development of tropical intelligent agriculture, including automatic test technology, automatic control technology, Internet of Things and so on. This paper analyzes factors that affect tropical intelligent agricultures development, which include agricultural program, agricultural policies and regulations, agricultural technology situation, infrastructure construction, field management and other factors. The thesis builds a model between the development of tropical intelligent agriculture and its affecting factors. A developmental idea of tropical intelligent agriculture in Hainan is proposed on the basis of the model. The thesis analyzes the construction of intelligent agriculture control system in Hainan from the angles of data acquisition, data transfer, data analysis and data feed.
2
Xu, Zhun. "The Development of Capitalist Agriculture in China." Review of Radical Political Economics 49, no. 4 (July 21, 2017): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613417717046.
Анотація:
Scholars have different views on the nature and pace of capitalist transformation of the Chinese agriculture. In this paper, we have, for the first time, estimated the approximate size of agricultural proletariat in China as well as the prevalence of wage labor in agricultural work. We argue that by comparing with typical capitalist agricultures in the world, China’s agriculture is increasingly capitalist rather than petty producer/populist.
3
Vapa Tankosić, Jelena, Borjana Mirjanić, Radivoj Prodanović, Snežana Lekić, and Biljana Carić. "Digitalization in Agricultural Sector: Agriculture 4.0 for Sustainable Agriculture." Journal of Agronomy, Technology and Engineering Management (JATEM) 7, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55817/geqw8736.
Анотація:
Sustainable and resilient systems within the food industry play a key role in global growth and development. In recent years, negative effects such as drought caused by climate change, destructive natural disasters, and destruction of biodiversity and natural resource erosion, agricultural migration, aging agricultural population, and global epidemics have deepened the environmental concerns. Apart from the negative effects on the food supply, pressure on the demand side is created by the growing population, which makes it necessary to create a new agrarian policy. Technological development has affected agriculture and agricultural production systems. One of the most prominent approaches is the integration of a new generation of digital technologies into the agricultural system, ensuring maximum benefit from information and data. Digitalization and the use of digital data have fundamentally transformed the agro-food system. The aim of this paper is present in a systematic view the agricultural digital transformation in the Agriculture 4.0, in the framework of sustainable development of agriculture. The aforementioned imposes sustainable agriculture by adequate agricultural policy instruments.
4
Jia, Hepeng. "Agriculture: science and technology safeguard sustainability." National Science Review 6, no. 3 (March 16, 2019): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz036.
Анотація:
Abstract China has traditionally placed tremendous importance on agricultural research. Meanwhile, in recent years, sustainable agriculture has been increasingly highlighted in both policy agenda and the capital market. However, while terms like environmental friendliness, low carbon, organic and green agriculture have become buzzwords in the media, few meaningful discussions have been raised to examine the relationship between science and technology (S&T) development and sustainable agriculture. What's more, some environmentalists stress that sustainable agriculture should abandon modern agriculture's heavy reliance on science and industrialization, making the link between agricultural S&T and sustainable agriculture seem problematic. What is the truth? If S&T are to play an important role in advancing sustainable agriculture, what is the current status of the field? What factors have caused the sustainable development of agriculture in China? At an online forum organized by the National Science Review (NSR), Hepeng Jia, commissioned by NSR executive editor-in-chief Mu-ming Poo, asked four scientists in the field to examine the dynamic relationship between sustainable agriculture and agricultural S&T in the Chinese context. Jikun Huang Agricultural economist at Peking University, Beijing, China Xiaofeng Luo Agricultural economist at Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China Jianzhong Yan Agricultural and environmental scientist at Southwest University, Chongqing, China Yulong Yin Veterinary scientist at Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China Hepeng Jia (Chair) Science communication scholar at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
5
Jesus, Maria, Pedro Damião Henriques, Pedro Laranjeira, Vanda Narciso, and Maria Leonor Da Silva Carvalho. "A Agricultura Itinerante no Distrito de Bobonaro em Timor-Leste no Período Pós-Independência." Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 8, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2015v8n1p193-215.
Анотація:
A agricultura itinerante é um tipo de sistema agrícola primitivo, adotado historicamente nos ecossistemas de florestas tropicais, em que o ser humano faz o corte da floresta, queimando os resíduos como preparação da terra para a cultura. A produção de alimentos é feita por 2 a 3 anos e, posteriormente, a área é abandonada, tornando-se improdutiva. Muitas vezes, nos terrenos abandonados estabelece-se a floresta secundária, podendo voltar a ser utilizados para o cultivo cerca de dez a vinte anos depois. Em Timor-Leste, a agricultura itinerante ainda é praticada como forma de agricultura de subsistência. Com este trabalho pretendemos caracterizar a agricultura itinerante em Timor-Leste e relevar a sua importância socioeconômica para as populações rurais do território, identificar os seus impactos na sustentabilidade ambiental dos ecossistemas e referir as soluções para minorar os seus efeitos negativos. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na recolha de informação bibliográfica relevante sobre o tema e na realização de um inquérito por questionário a agricultores itinerantes do subdistrito de Atabae, distrito de Bobonaro. Este questionário caracterizou a agricultura itinerante e ouviu a opinião dos agricultores sobre os efeitos da mesma. A agricultura itinerante de hoje em Timor-Leste destina-se essencialmente às culturas de horta. Os materiais resultantes do derrube e corte da floresta são usados para lenha, vedações e materiais de construção. Os impactos negativos sobre os bens e serviços produzidos por florestas são sentidos através das mudanças na precipitação, erosão, mudanças climáticas, diminuição do número de animais selvagens, e das plantas e produtos colhidos nas florestas. Itinerant Agriculture in the Bobonaro District in East Timor During the Post-Independence Period ABSTRACT: Itinerant agriculture is a primitive agricultural system historically adopted in the ecosystems of tropical forests in which people make a clearing in the forest and burn the residues to prepare the ground for planting. Food production occurs for 2 to 3 years; the area is then abandoned and becomes non-productive. A secondary forest establishes itself frequently on the abandoned ground and may be used once more for crop planting after ten to twenty years. Itinerant agriculture is still employed in East Timor as subsistence agriculture. Current analysis characterizes the iterant agriculture in East Timor and enhances its social and economic relevance for rural populations, identifies impacts on the environmental sustainability of ecosystems and describes solutions to minimize its negative effects. Methodology is based on the bibliographical information on the theme and on a questionnaire survey to itinerant peasants of the sub-district Atabae in Bobonaro. The questionnaire characterized itinerant agriculture and collected the opinion of peasants on its effects. Current itinerant agriculture in East Timor is restricted to kitchen gardens and the material produced in forest clearings is used as firewood and building material. The negative impacts on goods and services produced by the forests are measured by changes in rainfall, erosion, climate changes, decrease in the number of wild animals and plants and in products collected in the forest. KEYWORDS: Itinerant Agriculture; Forest Ecosystems; Sustainability; East Timor.
6
Kuzmanović, Daniela. "Sustainable development in agriculture with a focus on decarbonization." Western Balkan Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development 5, no. 2 (2023): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/wbjae2302163k.
Анотація:
This article examines sustainable agriculture's core objective: reducing environmental impact while ensuring continuity in food production. It distinguishes agroecology from sustainable agriculture and organic food production. The feasibility of sustainable organic food production in controlled settings is explored, especially for animal farming. The paper underscores agriculture's substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the pressing need for action. It discusses the intricate relationship between agriculture and climate change, emphasizing the challenges in meeting emission reduction targets within the sector. In this article, Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) is explored as a viable method to reduce agricultural emissions. Additionally, EU policies such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), are designed to align agriculture with climate objectives. Integrating agriculture into CBAM presents challenges due to the absence of a carbon pricing mechanism. EU's policies and EU's CBAM in this paper are given just a good decarbonization model that can be implemented worldwide. Balancing environmental preservation, economic stability, and international relations is complex in agriculture, as a significant emitter of GHGs. Innovative strategies like Agricultural Sector Management and Carbon Absorption offer promise in reducing agricultural emissions. This study employs a triangulation approach and contributes significantly to the field of sustainable agriculture. It explores various aspects of sustainable agriculture, tackles challenges related to climate change, and presents decarbonization strategies. These findings have relevance for all who are involved in agriculture and environmental sustainability.
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Naizi, Al Khun, and Zish Rahmen. "Effectiveness of Sustainable Agriculture and Industrial Agriculture in Africa." Journal Siplieria Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 11, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jss.v2i1.80.
Анотація:
The aim of this analysis is to examine the efficacy of sustainable farming in Africa and industrial farming. Sustainable agriculture as an approach to food production that combines agriculture's economic, social and environmental dimensions. The agricultural societies in Asia and Africa have effectively followed these values. The growing evidence and accessible scientific review of the creation of programs suggests that sustainable interventions can be highly successful to enhance productivity, promote protection of soil and water incomes and to ensure food safety; improve agricultural, wildlife and plant health; increase natural disasters and climate change resistance, minimize greenhouse gas emissions and promote societies. This demonstrates that the efficiency of organic farming has a positive influence in different countries on the future of agriculture.
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Ahner, D. "Agriculture and agricultural policy in the European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 2 (February 29, 2012): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5266-agricecon.
Анотація:
The paper deals with the particular stages of development of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the last forty years. The process and impacts of CAP reforms are analyzed for the particular production industries of agriculture. The paper also presents a detailed description of Agenda 2000 and mid-term review of the Common Agricultural Policy in 2002 that brought about many proposals for the future working of CAP after accession of Central and Eastern European countries.
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Střeleček, F., and J. Lososová. "Impact of Common Agricultural Policy on Czech agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 11 (March 2, 2012): 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5439-agricecon.
Анотація:
This contribution describes eight variants of the distribution of the direct payments and their impact on the farm economies in the years 2004–2006. For this purpose, selective set of 152 farms was divided in accordance with production regions: maize-growing, beet-growing, potato-growing, potato and oats-growing and uplands1. Possible demands for standard direct payments depending on the farm situation in 2002 and demands for payments set by different variants of the simplified system of direct payment distribution were figured to each of observed farms. To be comparable, individual bonuses were converted per 1 hectare of the farmland and to be considered more objectively, the eventual subsidies in terms of HRDP were calculated to the farms. In conclusion, all mentioned variants were compared from the point of view of their impact on the farm economies in different production and climatic regions.
10
Ramphul, O. "Agricultural exports and the growth of agriculture in India." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 5 (May 28, 2013): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/118/2012-agricecon.
Анотація:
The study empirically investigates the causality between agricultural exports and gross domestic product (GDP) agriculture in India using the Granger causality test via Vector Error-Correction Model over the period 1970–1971 to 2009–2010. The results of unit-root tests suggest that the series of India’s GDP agriculture and farm exports are integrated of order one. The results of the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach to co-integration show that there is a positive and stable long-run equilibrium relationship between India’s agricultural exports and GDP of agriculture. We find a unidirectional causal link running from farm exports to gross domestic product of agriculture. It indicates that in India, agricultural products export Granger causes the growth in GDP of agriculture, which supports the export-led growth hypothesis. It is suggested that in order to accelerate the agricultural growth rate in India, there is a need to implement the policies encouraging the agricultural exports.
11
Adamowicz, Mieczysław. "CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL POLICY SYSTEMS AND FORMS OF AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3208.
Анотація:
The paper aimed to present the role of agriculture in the economy in OECD countries and changes in their agricultural policies. The aim of the work is an assessment of agriculture in the period 1995-2014 and changes in the level and structure of support by governments and their institutions to agriculture within the agricultural policy systems. The parspective for agricultual policy till 2020 was presented as well. The data and informations for the work was gathered foom literature, OECD publications, especially OECD Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation Report 2015. Evaluation of GDP, TSE, PSE, CSE and GSSE were presented for specific group of countries.
12
Bais, Pratima, and Preeti Singh Bahadu. "Agriculture in Indian Economy and Contribution of Science and Technology." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology 07, no. 01 (2023): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2023.7116.
Анотація:
One of the oldest occupations in history, agriculture has benefited much from innovation throughout the years. Since then, science has played a significant role in agricultural innovation and quality assurance. We have listed a few of the factors that were mentioned in the introduction section if you'd want to understand more about the significance of science and technology in agriculture. Encouraging the use of science and technology is the cornerstone for improving agriculture's productivity, quality, efficiency, and competitiveness, which also contributes to the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, ensures food security, social security, and increases the income of agricultural producers and traders.
13
Bowers, J. "Sustainability, Agriculture, and Agricultural Policy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 8 (August 1995): 1231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271231.
Анотація:
In this paper, the problem of achieving sustainable development in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other policy suggestions is examined. Sustainable development is defined as a commitment to conserve necessary biological, cultural, and aesthetic capital for future generations. This is not a costless process. Constraints are required on current economic activity, entailing sacrifices by the current generation, if sustainability requirements are to be met. Specific wildlife sites within the farmed landscape are critical to the sustainability programme. Conservation of these sites entails the continuation of specific and often technically obsolete farming practices. Their conservation cannot be ensured by the practice of efficient sustainable agriculture as advocated by the authors Pretty and Howes. Furthermore, those authors are wrong in believing that such agriculture could be profitable without continuing subsidy. The approach of the CAP is to make payments for the practices necessary to safeguard these sites. However, the economic sustainability of the CAP is doubtful. Its costs are excessive and reforms are not reducing the excessive financial burden and resource costs. Alternative reform packages involving conservation through cross-compliance have even greater resource costs. The ability to safeguard these critical sites in the long run is therefore questionable. This suggests there is a need to rethink sustainability requirements for cultural and biological diversity.
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Wragg, S. R. "Brazilian agriculture and agricultural research." Agricultural Administration 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-586x(85)90065-2.
15
Branzova, Petia. "PRECISION AGRICULTURE: TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE." Economic Thought journal 69, no. 1 (May 14, 2024): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56497/etj2469102.
Анотація:
Precision agriculture represents an innovative approach utilizing technologies and scientific methods to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural oper-ations and their application in modern agriculture. Various technological innovations are analyzed, including the use of sensors, GPS systems, remote sensing, and software solutions that aid in optimizing agricultural operations. The article discusses the chal-lenges of implementing precision agriculture, as well as future development opportuni-ties in the sector and the potential benefits for farmers, rural communities, and the en-vironment from implementing this approach. The importance of precision agriculture as an innovative strategy for addressing challenges and achieving sustainable develop-ment in agriculture is emphasized. The goal of this article is to assist agricultural pro-ducers, agricultural specialists, and decision-makers in the sector in making informed decisions and strategies for implementing precision agriculture in their practices. Im-plementing precision agriculture will lead to improved efficiency and sustainability by reducing the use of resources such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides, increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, and reducing the adverse environmental impacts of agriculture.
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Salama, Sri Cahyaning Umi. "EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF STATE BUDGET ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA 2012-2016." Journal of Developing Economies 3, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jde.v3i1.8596.
Анотація:
Indonesia is still far behind compared to other Asian countries in agriculture. The technology and the availability of pre-facilities are still inadequate because of the many obstacles that hamper agricultural development. Agricultural development is a major component of rural development. One way to help the process of agricultural development is with the ease of access to finance.The State through the Ministry of Agriculture continues to make efforts in encouraging the development of domestic agriculture. Funds distributed are not small so it is necessary to calculate the efficient use of state budget funds in agricultural development in Indonesia. This study aims to measure the level of efficiency of the state budget for the agricultural sector. The data used are secondary data derived from the Ministry of Agriculture's financial report from 2012 to 2016.The method used is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with input oriented and output oriented with Variable Returns to Scale (VRS). The input variable used is the realization of State Budget (APBN) for agriculture sector, while the output variables used are Farmer's Exchange Rate (NTP), Gross Domestic Product, and Farmer Productivity. The results show that the year 2015 becomes a very inefficient year both in terms of input oriented and output oriented. The increase in the realization of state expenditures for agriculture is not balanced by significant results, even in 2016 where the relatively small increase in the realization of the agriculture sector budget has had a comparable impact.Keywords: Efficiency, realization Budget expenditure, agricultural development
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Majeed, Najma, Rimsha Sharif, Muhammad Noman Sheeraz, Sabeen Sajjad, Hafsa Maqsood, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Usman Jamshaid, Muhammad Arif, and Muhammad Baqir Hussain. "Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture & Vice Versa: A Review." Journal of Quality Assurance in Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 01 (December 28, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.38211/jqaas.2023.3.31.
Анотація:
The article tackles the intricate relationship between agriculture and climate change, shedding light on the sector's vulnerability to the issue and its significant contribution to it. It not only underlines the simultaneity of the problem of climate change adaptation in agriculture but also highlight the need of greenhouse gas reductions. Climate change disrupts agricultural practices through extreme weather events like droughts, flood and unpredictable rainfall patterns. Climate changes threaten agricultural output and food security, economic hardship and social unrest. Climate change isolates crops production hence resulting in low yields, economic losses, and changing food prices. Cattle, rice growth, fertilizer use and residue burning are principal greenhouse gas contributors of agriculture. When carving virgin forests for agricultural purposes, the ancient carbon is released and climatic patterns are disrupted, greatly exacerbating the problem. These agricultural practices include deforestation, utilization of fossil fuel, and intensive use of water. Mitigation in climate change require sustainable agricultural practices that reduced emission and improve soil health. We need to adapt agricultural practices to be more resilient in the face of climate change while also reducing agricultures contribution to the problem. The complex interplay between climate change and agriculture requires a holistic approach that integrates mitigation and adaptation strategies at local, national and global scale. Efforts to enhance resilience, promote sustainable practices and support equitable adaptation measures are essential to safeguarding the future of agriculture in a changing climate
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Subhashini, Mrs S. "E-Agriculture." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38030.
Анотація:
Abstract: In current era, modern technologies need to be used in agriculture in india to increase crop productivity because over 70% of the rural people depends upon the agriculture fields. Indian farmers are facing challenges such as crop monitoring, Soil and field analysis , estimation of soil conditions, Fighting infections and pests, irrigation monitoring , need of more human power and money etc., To overcome these agricultural challenges, agricultural drones are used in agriculture. Because of the applications of agricultural drone, it can be used easily where the equipment and labors are difficulty to operate in agricultural fields. To yield better crop quality and preventing fields from any sort of damage , agricultural drones are needed. Agricultural drones have a number of advantages over the more traditional agricultural methods. And moreover data processing applications are becoming less expensive and easier to use due to applications of agricultural drones. In this paper brief discussion about classification and importance of drones , application of agricultural drones, future use of agricultural drones etc., are discussed and finally concluded about the need of using modern technologies in agriculture fields . Keywords: Drones, agricultural drones, crop monitoring, crop spraying, pipeline inspection.
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Mattos, Luciano, Eduardo S. Brondizio, Ademar Romeiro, and Rodrigo Orair. "AGRICULTURA DE PEQUENA ESCALA E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NA TRANSIÇÃO AGROECOLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA." Amazônica - Revista de Antropologia 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2010): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/amazonica.v2i2.399.
Анотація:
Os dados do Censo Agropecuário 2006 apresentam um retrato da agricultura brasileira de pequena escala e realçam a sua importância na produção de alimentos e na geração de empregos no campo. Dentro do contexto revelado no Censo, o presente artigo discute a implicação de diferentes termos, como agricultura tradicional e agricultura familiar, usados na definição de agricultura de pequena escala no Brasil. Como estudo de caso, o artigo utilizou dados de 2.400 lotes rurais familiares, localizados em sete projetos de colonização e selecionados pela política pública piloto Proambiente, para discutir a influência de variáveis (sócio-demográficas, econômicas e de infra-estrutura) no uso da terra na Amazônia brasileira. O artigo conclui que o acesso à infraestrutura e ao crédito rural são importantes na promoção de diferentes trajetórias de transição agroecológica entre produtores de pequena escala da Amazônia brasileira.Palavras-chaves: uso da terra, economia ecológica, economia agrícola, agricultura tradicional, agricultura familiar, transição agroecológica, Amazônia.AbstractThe National Agricultural Census of 2006 presented, for the first time, a portrait of small scale agriculture in Brazil, highlighting its central importance in terms of food production and rural employment. Using the 2006 census as a context, this article discusses the implications of different terms, such as traditional agriculture and family agriculture, used to define small scale agriculture in Brazil. We use data from 2,400 families in seven colonization settlements included as part of the Brazilian pilot public policy program Proambiente to discuss the influence of variables (e.g. socio-demographic, economic, and infrastructure) on the land use in the Brazilian Amazon. The article concludes by stressing the importance of infrastructure and rural credit in promoting different trajectories of agroecological transitions among small scale producers in the Brazilian Amazon.Keywords: land use, ecological economics, agricultural economics, traditional agriculture, family agriculture, agroecological transition, Amazon Basin. ResumenEl Censo Nacional Agropecuario de 2006 presentó, por primera vez, un retrato de la agricultura en pequeña escala en Brasil, destacando su importancia central en términos de producción alimentaria y el empleo rural. Utilizando el censo de 2006 como un contexto, este artículo analiza las implicaciones de los diferentes términos, como la agricultura tradicional y la agricultura familiar, que sirven para definir la agricultura a pequeña escala en Brasil. Hemos utilizado los datos de 2.400 familias en siete asentamientos de colonización incluido como parte del piloto brasileño Proambiente, programa de política pública para discutir la influencia de variables (por ejemplo, socio-demográficos, económicos y de infraestructura) en el uso de la tierra en la Amazonia brasileña. El artículo concluye que la infraestructura y el crédito rural son importantes en la promoción de diferentes trayectorias de transiciones agroecológicas entre productores de pequeña escala en la Amazonía brasileña.Palabras clave: uso de la tierra, la economía ecológica, economía agrícola, la agricultura tradicional, la agricultura familiar, transiciónagroecológica, Cuenca Amazónica.
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Crampton, Andrea, and Angela T. Ragusa. "Perceived agricultural runoff impact on drinking water." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 3 (March 25, 2014): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.212.
Анотація:
Agricultural runoff into surface water is a problem in Australia, as it is in arguably all agriculturally active countries. While farm practices and resource management measures are employed to reduce downstream effects, they are often either technically insufficient or practically unsustainable. Therefore, consumers may still be exposed to agrichemicals whenever they turn on the tap. For rural residents surrounded by agriculture, the link between agriculture and water quality is easy to make and thus informed decisions about water consumption are possible. Urban residents, however, are removed from agricultural activity and indeed drinking water sources. Urban and rural residents were interviewed to identify perceptions of agriculture's impact on drinking water. Rural residents thought agriculture could impact their water quality and, in many cases, actively avoided it, often preferring tank to surface water sources. Urban residents generally did not perceive agriculture to pose health risks to their drinking water. Although there are more agricultural contaminants recognised in the latest Australian Drinking Water Guidelines than previously, we argue this is insufficient to enhance consumer protection. Health authorities may better serve the public by improving their proactivity and providing communities and water utilities with the capacity to effectively monitor and address agricultural runoff.
21
Ruiz Saura, José Enrique. "Sindicalismo agrario y negociación colectiva en el agro de la región de Murcia. Evolución y características principales." Anales de Derecho 41, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesderecho.562731.
Анотація:
The negotiating tables for the conclusion of agreements between capital and work, fulfill a function of the utmost importance in the construction and evolution of agricultural work in the Region of Murcia. This study analyzes the role of collective bargaining in this area and addresses issues such as the influence of unionism on collective labor relations in the Murcian countryside and the evolution of the labor regulatory framework of local agriculture. Within this research, it is of interest to know the social and union context of the work carried out in Murcian agriculture. Especially, to make an approximation to the changes that have taken place in the Region of Murcia in the field of agricultural work, as a result of the development of intensive agriculture and all the new conditions that the transition from traditional agriculture has entailed. Las mesas de negociación para la concertación de acuerdos entre capital y trabajo, cumplen una función de máxima importancia en la construcción y evolución del trabajo agrícola en la Región de Murcia. Este estudio analiza el papel de la negociación colectiva en este ámbito y aborda cuestiones como la influencia del sindicalismo en las relaciones laborales colectivas del campo murciano y la evolución del marco normativo laboral propio de la agricultura local. Dentro de esta investigación, resulta de interés conocer el contexto social y sindical del trabajo desarrollado en la agricultura murciana. Especialmente, hacer una aproximación a los cambios que se han producido en la Región de Murcia en el ámbito del trabajo agrícola, a raíz del desarrollo de la agricultura intensiva y todos los nuevos condicionantes que ha conllevado el tránsito desde la agricultura tradicional.
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Bjerke, Lina, and Sara Johansson. "Innovation in agriculture an analysis of Swedish agriculture- and non-agricultural firms." Food Policy 109 (May 2022): 102269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2022.102269.
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Bainé Szabó, Bernadett. "Alternative Income Sources in the Agriculture of Settlements Along the Hortobágy." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 10 (May 11, 2003): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/10/3500.
Анотація:
Agriculture has played a dominant role among the income sources of population living along the Hortobágy just like in any other rural areas. I represent the situations of settlements along the Hortobágy by studying four of them, such as Balmazújváros, Hortobágy, Tiszacsege and Egyek. Big companies having worked in the examined settlements had significance in ensuring local working facilities, and restraining people from leaving. Acts dating back to the beginning of the 1990’ies, privatisation, transformation of the state farm and co-operatives have decreased the rate of employment in agriculture. Alternative income sources relating to agriculture, such as bio-farming by alternative plants, herb production and rural tourism will determine the future of agriculture in this area due to the closeness of the Hortobágy National Park, the unique but unfavourable natural conditions for agricultural production, financial aids by the National Agricultural Environmental Programme and the imminent EU-membership. In this way supporting these activities may ensure the livelihood of ex-agricultural workers and alternative income for those working in agriculture.I am going to deal with two issues in this article:• with the change of the role of agriculture in the examined settlements,• with economic analyses of alternative income sources by a model of a family farm.
24
Youngberg, Garth, and Suzanne P. DeMuth. "Organic agriculture in the United States: A 30-year retrospective." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 28, no. 4 (May 31, 2013): 294–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000173.
Анотація:
AbstractSince the early 1980s organic agriculture has undergone enormous growth and innovation in the US and throughout the world. Some observers have pointed to the US Department of Agriculture's 1980Report and Recommendations on Organic Farmingas having provided the catalyst for many of these developments. It is important, however, to understand how the evolving character of organic ideology during the 1960s and 1970s helped lay the foundation for moving organic agriculture onto the US governmental agenda in the early 1980s. We explore these and other contextual factors surrounding the USDA Report's release, including its methods, findings and recommendations, and both positive and negative reactions, as well as those factors that led to the Report's declining influence by the decade's end. The need for agricultural sustainability has played an important role in shaping, not only the path of organic agriculture in the US but also the overall politics of American agriculture. Legislative efforts to support organic agriculture have evolved along with this altered policy environment and are considered here within the broader context of the politics of sustainable agriculture. Next, we consider the organic industry's transition from a privately managed enterprise to the pivotal role now played by the federal government in the administration of the National Organic Program. Calls to move ‘beyond organic’ are also examined. Finally, we explore the impact of sustainable agriculture, agricultural research and farm structure upon the future of organic agriculture in the US. The politics within these three interrelated domains of public agricultural policy will likely bear heavily upon the future of organic farming and the organic industry as a whole.
25
Forbes, J. D., Murray Fulton, Ken Rosaasen, Andrew Schmitz, and L. Auer. "Canadian Agricultural Policy and Prairie Agriculture." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 16, no. 2 (June 1990): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3550985.
26
鲜, 雨航. "Big Data, Smart Agriculture, Agricultural Information." Advances in Social Sciences 11, no. 08 (2022): 3121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2022.118428.
27
Nishimura, Hiroyuki. "New Agricultural Polciy and Regional Agriculture." Journal of Rural Problems 29, no. 4 (1993): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.29.141.
28
Koike, Tsuneo. "New Agricultural Polciy and Regional Agriculture." Journal of Rural Problems 30, no. 4 (1994): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.30.143.
29
Lyson, Thomas A. "Advanced agricultural biotechnologies and sustainable agriculture." Trends in Biotechnology 20, no. 5 (May 2002): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(02)01934-0.
30
Hanson, J. D., John Hendrickson, and Dave Archer. "Challenges for maintaining sustainable agricultural systems in the United States." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 23, no. 04 (July 4, 2008): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170507001974.
Анотація:
AbstractDuring the 20th century, US agriculture underwent vast transformations. The number of farmers has decreased, more farmers are relying on off-farm income, agriculture's proportion of the US GDP has declined, and a minority of non-metro counties in the US are farming dependent. Agriculture's evolution will continue and we have identified key trends and future challenges to effectively manage our changing agricultural system. Eight current trends in US agriculture were identified. These included: (1) increased land degradation; (2) competing land uses; (3) focus on single ecosystem service; (4) increase in farm size; (5) movement toward commercialization; (6) genetic engineering; (7) global markets; and (8) changing social structure. Future trends likely to affect agriculture include: (1) diminishing and increasingly volatile farm incomes; (2) reduced government involvement in food regulation; (3) continued transition from farming to agribusiness; (4) land-use will become a major issue; (5) increasing animal protein consumption in the US; (6) increased public input on livestock production practices; (7) increasing urbanization of historically rural US counties; (8) increased public concern over food safety; (9) increased medicinal production from agriculture; (10) new tastes, markets and opportunities will emerge. We further postulated that future challenges facing US agriculture might include: (1) competitive pressures; (2) sustainable development; (3) resource conservation; and (4) research and development. Integrated agricultural systems may be flexible enough to address these challenges. However, robust principles will be needed to design adaptable integrated agricultural systems. We present a nonexclusive list of preliminary principles under the four general categories of (1) economics and economic policies; (2) environmental; (3) social and political; and (4) technological.
31
Cabo-González, Ana M. "THE STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF FRUITS PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA THROUGH THE AGRONOMIC ANDALUSIAN WORKS, THEIR ROMAN ANTECEDENTS AND POSTERIOR FOOTPRINT IN THE RENAISSANCE." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 24, no. 1 (January 24, 2014): 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095742391300012x.
Анотація:
AbstractSince the beginning of mankind, man has been concerned with the conservation of food in order to prolong its edibility. Over time, different food preservation methods have been discovered and improved, and there are many works that describe these techniques. This work will describe the knowledge and the development of preservation techniques of inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula. The work focuses on the various achievements from the first to the sixteenth centuries, allowing us to appreciate the different historic contributions. The selected and consulted works are: L.J.M. Columela, Los doce libros de Agricultura (The Twelve Books of Agriculture), Abū al-Jayr, Kitāb al-Filāḥa. Tratado de agricultura (Book of Agriculture), Ibn Baṣṣāl, Kitāb al-Filāḥa. Libro de agricultura (Book of Agriculture), Ibn al-ʿAwwām, Kitāb al-Filāḥa. Libro de Agricultura (Book of Agriculture), Ibn Luyūn, Kitāb al-Filāḥa. Tratado de Agricultura (Book of Agriculture), Alonso de Herrera, Agricultura general (General Agriculture).
32
Laoh, Esry. "DINAMIKA TENAGA KERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.8.1.2012.7358.
Анотація:
This study aims to determine the dynamics of agricultural labor force of North Sulawesi Province. Re-search location in Manado (July to August 2010). Collecting data is secondary data research. The data were processed using the calculation of share of labor and labor force growth rate calculations. The re-sults showed employment growth rate of agriculture sector decreased by 5.78 percent per annum in the period of 2000-2009. While employment in non-agricultural sector increased by 1.78 percent each year. This indicates there is the tendency of structural transformation of agriculture labor to non-agricultural sector. Low tendency of Trade will be able to influence farmers to reduce or stop activities that agribusi-ness will affect the size of the agricultural labor share. Labor share of agriculture sector on the basis of education level is dominated by the level of primary education during the period 2007-2009 but its labor force growth rate has decreased each year in both rural and urban areas. Labor share of the agricultur-al sector based on the age group was dominated by the age of 55 years and above over the 2007-2009 period and is indicated by increasing the growth rate of labor force in rural and urban areas especially in urban areas despite a decline each year that tend to occur due to an increased energy agricultural labor in rural areas. Labor share of agriculture sector by district / city dominated by Bolaang Mongon-dow during the period 2007-2009, although rates of employment growth in agriculture sector has de-creased each year in both rural and urban areas. Labor share of agriculture sector based on the out-pouring of work hours was dominated by workers who work full (>35 hours) during the period 2007-2009 despite the decline in employment growth rates in both rural and urban areas each year.Keywords: Dynamics of Agricultural Labor Force, Structural Transformation, Labor Share
33
Diry, Jean-Paul. "Agriculture industrielle et agriculture industrialisée (Industrial agriculture and industrialized agriculture)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 65, no. 2 (1988): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1988.1426.
34
Dicks, Michael R. "What will be required to guarantee the sustainability of U.S. agriculture in the 21st century?" American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7, no. 4 (December 1992): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004793.
Анотація:
AbstractThe increased effort by Congress to reduce agriculture's adverse consequences on the environment has been focused almost entirely on changing agricultural production practices at the farm level Because the agricultural sector is highly integrated, attempts to change a specific industry within the sector, such as production, input supply, or processing, may have undesirable effects. Programs designed to achieve society's environmental objectives by forcing change in agricultural production practices will lead to increased frustration, new programs and regulations, and further conflict between society and farmers. To guarantee sustainability of U.S. agriculture into the next century, efforts to incorporate new social needs into production agriculture should include changes in the research agendas of public and private institutions, marketing grades and standards, and the institutions that support the agricultural producer.
35
Friedrich*, Heather, Curt R. Rom, Jennie Popp, Barbara Bellows, and Donn Johnson. "University of Arkansas Agriculture Professionals' Perceptions toward Sustainable Agriculture." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 831C—831. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.831c.
Анотація:
Interest IN and conversion to sustainable agriculture practices, such as organic agriculture, integrated pest management or increasing biodiversity, has been increasing for a number of years among farmers and ranchers across the United States In order to meet the needs of producers, university researchers and educators must adapt their program areas to reflect this change toward sustainable agriculture practices. Although consumers, producers, and extension workers have been surveyed regarding their attitudes and interests in sustainable agricultural practices, few surveys have examined sustainable agriculture perceptions among university agriculture professionals. The object of this study was to survey 200 agriculture professionals, including research scientists, classroom educators of the Land-Grant agricultural college and the Cooperative Extension service of a southern state with a traditional agricultural economy in order to determine their perceptions and attitudes toward sustainable agriculture and to gather information on current research and education activities relevant to sustainable agriculture. Seventy-eight questions were asked concerning professional incentives, personal and professional importance of topics under the sustainable agriculture rubric, current research and educational activities, and demographics. By conducting this research we hope to identify factors that are an impedance or assistance to future research and education to support sustainable agriculture. The survey findings will provide a foundation for directing and developing agriculture research and education programs for row crops, fruit, vegetable and livestock production.
36
Evizal, Rusdi, and Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi. "Penerapan Pertanian Regeneratif pada Perkebunan Kopi." JURNAL AGROTROPIKA 23, no. 1 (March 24, 2024): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ja.v23i1.8571.
Анотація:
Agronomy not only studies cultivation technology and agricultural production, but also examines the application of agricultural concepts and systems that continue to develop. The rapid and fundamental transformation of the agricultural system called the green revolution is based on the use of high inputs to increase agricultural production. The use of inputs that are not environmentally friendly and the emergence of environmental awareness encourages the transformation of agricultural systems into environmentally friendly agriculture such as ecofarming, organic farming, alternative farming, sustainable agriculture and regenerative agriculture. This article reviews the concepts of sustainable agriculture, degenerative agriculture, regenerative agriculture and the practice of implementing regenerative agriculture on coffee plantations. Degenerative agriculture is an agricultural practice that causes productivity to continue to decline as a result of a decrease in the carrying capacity of the agroecosystem, including soil, plants and other flora, fauna, microbes, climate and society. Sustainable agriculture aims to maintain a desired or improved level of ecosystem function, while regenerative agriculture aims to regenerate, renew, and further improve soil function and ecosystem capabilities in an ever-increasing process. The ecological pillars of regenerative agriculture include (1) soil health, (2) biodiversity, and (3) livestock-crop integration. Regenerative coffee plantation practices include the use of superior clones or varieties, grafting, planting shade trees and mixed crops, and livestock integration.Keywords : Biodiversity, degenerative, integrated, sustainable, regenerative agriculture
37
Igweze-Ekwunife, Athanasius Ebube, and Okpala Chidiogo Jane. "Impact of Government Expenditure on Agricultural Output in Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 12 (2022): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.61227.
Анотація:
Agriculture is a very important sector in the Nigerian economy as it is the country’s major source of food. That notwithstanding, the support given to agriculture in terms of allocation has not been encouraging when comparing it to other sectors like mining, manufacturing, and oil. This study examines the impact of government expenditure on agriculture on agricultural output in Nigeria within the period 1986 to 2019. The specific objectives are to critically examine the impact of agricultural recurrent and capital expenditure, commercial bank credit on agriculture and agricultural labour on agricultural output using annual time series data sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin 2019. The variables used for the study are agricultural output, recurrent expenditure on agriculture, capital expenditure on agriculture, commercial bank credit to agriculture, foreign direct investment, domestic savings, and agricultural labour. The ordinary least square method is adopted to test for empirical evidence. The regression result shows that capital expenditure on agriculture, domestic savings, foreign direct investment, and commercial bank credit to agriculture have positive and statistically significant impact on agricultural output. The study recommends the need for execution of capital and infrastructural projects, mobilization of domestic savings through financial institutions and application of mechanized farm tools in order to increase agricultural output.
38
Thomas, Pastory Salvatory, Wilbard Jackson Kombe, and Aldo Lupala. "Effects of stakeholders’ perception of urban agriculture on the governance of urban agriculture in the wards of Daraja Mbili and Lemala in Arusha City, Tanzania." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i8.452.
Анотація:
Actors’ perception of urban agriculture can affect the way urban agricultural decisions are made and implemented either positively or negatively, with or without the actors being aware of it. The way actors perceive urban agriculture is influenced by actors’ interests, limited or unlimited information about urban agriculture, policy and legal frameworks. This study used a case-study design to examine the effects of actors’ diverse perception of urban agriculture on the governance of urban agriculture. Purposefully selected 60 respondents participated in-depth interviews in the wards of Daraja Mbili and Lemala. Farmers and agricultural officers perceived urban agriculture positively because their livelihoods and professional interests were related and relied on the practice of urban agriculture. Urban planners and agricultural officers perceived agriculture positively and negatively depending on the way agricultural activities affected the environment or were compatible with non-agricultural activities. The implementation of policy and enforcement of bylaws relating to urban agriculture was not successful because urban planners and environmental officers were skeptical about the value of urban agriculture. Doing urban agriculture in the environmentally sensitive areas was against environmental bylaws, but the area was encroached upon by the farmers who had no alternative land for farming. Land use hurdles for doing urban agriculture were rarely addressed by urban planners who had no evidence of the benefits of urban agriculture to city authority compared with revenue and employment opportunities from real estate developments. We conclude that the farmers’ and non-farmers positive and negative perception of urban agriculture stem from their interests, limited or unlimited information about urban agriculture. Government officials’ perception of urban agriculture is influenced by their carrier and work obligations. Despite the presence of policy acknowledging urban agriculture and environmental bylaws for regulating urban agriculture, actors cannot really govern urban agriculture if they perceive it negatively.
39
Asperov, Gabit, Gulzhazira Kenzhebayeva, Zhanat Baishukurova, Sandigul Kelbetova, and Ardakh Azimkhan. "The Analysis of the Relationship Between Innovation and the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex in Kazakhstan." Eurasian Journal of Economic and Business Studies 67, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47703/ejebs.v67i4.326.
Анотація:
This study investigates the relationship between innovation and the agro-industrial complex's (AIC) development in Kazakhstan. In the context of global shifts in technology, labor, and capital markets, the research examines the role of innovation in enhancing the AIC's competitiveness. The primary focus is on the dynamics of innovation in agriculture, particularly how it influences factors like human capital, innovation activity levels, and the role of science and scientists. The research employs a two-stage methodology involving descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing, using SMART-PLS software for data-driven analysis. Key indicators considered include employment in agriculture, innovation activity, and agricultural credit loans. The period from 2013 to 2019 is analyzed, testing hypotheses about the impact of agricultural credit loans on innovation, the influence of innovation on agriculture's share in GDP, and its effect on the number of farms. The results highlight the significant role of innovation and financial support in advancing Kazakhstan's agricultural sector. Agriculture Credit Loans and the increase in the Number of Farms substantially boost innovation in the AIC contributing to its growth and greater GDP share. While the Share of Agriculture in GDP also positively impacts innovation, its effect is less pronounced. The research underscores the necessity of collaboration between agricultural enterprises and research institutions and the vital role of financial support in driving sustainable growth and development.
40
Meng, Jiajia, Baoyu Zhao, Yuxiao Song, and Xiaomei Lin. "Research on the Spatial Dynamic Evolution of Digital Agriculture—Evidence from China." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (January 15, 2024): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020735.
Анотація:
Digital agriculture serves as a pivotal means of ushering in innovative agricultural practices and achieving sustainable agricultural development. Although agricultural digitalization has received increasing attention, the unbalanced development and regional disparities of digital agriculture are still key obstacles to sustainable agricultural development. Based on the data of 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2021, this study evaluates the development level of digital agriculture in China, and further analyzes the distribution pattern, spatial characteristics, and transition probabilities of digital agriculture from a regional perspective. The index system of the digital agriculture development level is constructed from five aspects: infrastructure, talent resources, agricultural informatization, the digitization of agricultural production processes, and agricultural production efficiency. Among these, infrastructure and talent resources reflect the resources needed for the development of digital agriculture; agricultural informatization and the digitization of the agricultural production process indicate the role of digitization in the process of agricultural development; and the agricultural production efficiency is the goal of the digital agriculture development, which is a critical criteria of its evaluation. The weighted analysis method of objective sequential analysis, which combines the dynamic level of indicators and sequential relationships, is used to assign weights to the indicators. In addition, to address the regional disparities in the development level of digital agriculture, kernel density estimation, Moran’s index, and (spatial) Markov chain analysis are applied to analyze the spatial dynamic evolution of digital agriculture in China. The findings reveal substantial regional disparities in digital agriculture development within China, particularly in the Western region, where development lags behind. Moreover, this study offers actionable policy recommendations for policymakers to strengthen regional infrastructure and talent cultivation, as well as other aspects of digital agriculture development, to mitigate regional differences and provide reference for other emerging countries.
41
KUMAR, Dr AVIKAL. "ISSUES AND PRIORITIES AREAS OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIA." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education 09, no. 01 (2018): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/tercomat.2018.v09i01.215-224.
Анотація:
Agriculture is the centerpiece of the Indian economy and the pivot of Indian life. Being the basis of economic life, the main source of employment and a means of earning foreign exchange, it would not be an exaggeration to call agriculture the foundation stone of the country. About 52 percent of the total labor force of the country is earning their livelihood from agriculture and agriculture related sectors. Therefore it would be fair to say that the development and prosperity of the country depends on the growth, prosperity and productivity of agriculture. The development and prosperity of agriculture is dependent on the increase in agricultural production as well as getting a fair price for the produce produced. Significantly, most of the small farmers of the country are trapped in the vicious cycle of poverty. Due to poverty and debt, farmers are forced to sell their produce to middlemen at low prices. To free the farmers from the trap of these middlemen and to improve the marketing system, the government has taken important steps like expansion of controlled mandis, grading and effect of agricultural products, arrangement of go-downs, market promotion and price information. Management of cooperative marketing system. Steps have been taken. Establishment of National Agricultural Marketing Institute is also an important step in this direction. The institute is playing a vital role in agricultural development by providing specialized education, training and research services in agricultural marketing. Due to the high development rates of the industrial and service sectors, agriculture's economic contribution to India's economy has decreased to less than 15%, but the sector's significance to the country's social and economic structure goes much beyond this metric. First, the rural economy provides income for approximately three-quarters of Indian households. Second, rural areas are home to the majority of India's impoverished (770 million people, or around 70%). Third, to fulfil the demands of a growing population with rising incomes, India's food security depends on the production of cereal crops as well as the production of fruits, vegetables, and milk. This will require a faster emergence of a productive, competitive, diverse, and sustainable agriculture industry.
42
Juana, James S., Kenneth M. Strzepek, and Johann F. Kirsten. "Market efficiency and welfare effects of inter-sectoral water allocation in South Africa." Water Policy 13, no. 2 (October 20, 2010): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.096.
Анотація:
The need for increased agricultural production to meet the growing demand for food, coupled with concerns for environmental sustainability, economic growth and poverty reduction has increased demand on the already scarce water in South Africa. At the same time, because of agriculture's minimal contribution, compared to the industrial and mining sectors, to South Africa's GDP and employment, the call to reallocate water from agriculture to non-agricultural use has been intensified. This study updates the 1998 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for South Africa and uses the computable general equilibrium model to analyze the impact of water reallocation from agriculture to the non-agricultural sectors on output growth, value added at factor cost, which captures the payments from the production sectors to the factors of production, and households' welfare. Using different water reallocation scenarios, the simulation results indicate that water reallocation from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors beyond the level of a market allocation scenario will lead to a decline in sectoral output and a significant deterioration in the welfare of poor households. It thus undermines development efforts aimed at reducing the existing level of poverty in the country.
43
Duong, Duc Tam. "Sustainable development for Vietnam agriculture." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017501015.
Анотація:
Agriculture is one of the important and complex sectors, it is not only a simple economic sector but also a biological - technical system. Because the basis for agricultural development is the use of bio-energy - plants and animals. Agricultural sector, if understood in a narrow sense, is only the cultivation, husbandry and service sectors. As for agriculture, in broad terms it also includes forestry and fishery. Agriculture provides food and food for social needs, agriculture is the basic material production industry, plays a major role in economic development in most of the country, especially in developing countries. At present, Vietnam’s agriculture has great potential and can be enriched from agriculture. However, wastage and loss in agriculture are still high in the stages of processing, harvesting and preserving. Mechanization is still low, lower than Thailand, so agricultural labor productivity is not high. Over the past years, Vietnam’s Agriculture has achieved important developments, contributing to the development of Vietnam’s economy. However, to achieve higher goals in the next 10 years, Vietnam’s agriculture needs to promote its strengths, such as: Well implementing land policies in agriculture; training high quality human resources; building a credible agriculture, which is clean, safe, quality agriculture and organic agriculture; protect natural environment, such as: land, climate, weather, hydrology, etc. In order to ensure sustainable agricultural development.
44
Brožová, I. "Organic agriculture as one of aspects of multifunctional agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 2 (February 20, 2012): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5076-agricecon.
Анотація:
The incorporation of Czech agrarian sector in the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU means also the application of so called “European Model of Agriculture” which reacts to a basic requirement of socially balanced and sustainable agriculture which contributes to maintenance and an improvement of the European agricultural cultural landscape. In connection with it, a new strategy of agrarian policy was set according to which the orientation of Czech agrarian sector changes in a principal way, which was focused up to now only on the production function and also its other functions become more important, above all in the environmental and social, so non-production area. One of the aspects of multifunctional agriculture is an organic agriculture, a system which fulfills visions of sustainable agriculture.
45
Jia, Hui Mian. "Research on the Increase of Agriculture Economy of China with the Development of Information Technology." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3914–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3914.
Анотація:
The contents, statistics, composition and challenge of agriculture-information are discussed in this paper. The influence of agriculture-information on the intensive growth of agriculture is analyzed empirically, which indicates that information has become an important production factor. Though without certain form, information promotes intensive growth of agricultural economy by increasing the quality of production factor including labor, land and capital. The mechanism in which agriculture-information influences the intensive growth of agricultural economy is promoting the accumulation, structure studied theoretically, which includes optimizing and of agriculture; accelerating agricultural knowledge technological progress and extension; creating transparent information environment to optimize the allocation of resource; promoting scientific management of agriculture and civilization of rural human resource; strengthening the function of agricultural cooperative organization and spurring on the improvement of agricultural economic environment.
46
Shi, Heng Hua, Ya Jun Shi, and Guang Cai Xu. "Research on the Relationship between Agricultural Information and Urban Agriculture Economic Growth." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2515.
Анотація:
Through the universal application of information technology and intelligence tools, agricultural information not only promotes the development of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, but also promotes the economic growth of urban agriculture based on rural service. With Beijing agricultural information development, we propose a non-weight agricultural information index model based on the analytic hierarchy process. The relationship of agricultural information and urban agricultural economic growth can make some positive measures to further accelerate the economic development of peri-urban agriculture.
47
PETREA, Ștefan-Mihai, Dragos Sebastian Cristea, Maria Magdalena Turek Rahoveanu, Cristina Gabriela Zamfir, Adrian Turek Rahoveanu, Gheorghe Adrian Zugravu, and Dumitru Nancu. "Perspectives of the Moldavian Agricultural Sector by Using a Custom-Developed Analytical Framework." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 8, 2020): 4671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114671.
Анотація:
Moldova possesses the largest area of farmland as a share of its total land surface, an advantage which should encourage economic development strategies oriented towards the agriculture sector. Government subsidies and agriculture loans have been used as tools for developing the Moldavian agriculture. However, considering the challenges generated by both climate change (the drought from year 2012 that affected 80% of farmland) and a difficult political situation (restrictions imposed by the Russian Federation on the Republic of Moldova’s agri-food imports and exports between 2013 and 2014), the country’s agricultural system ranks very low when it comes to agricultural production efficiency. The present paper analyses the performances of the agricultural sector and its impact on the Moldavian economy over a nine-year period (between 2008 and 2016), by using a custom-developed analytical framework based on a dataset containing 21 relevant indicators. The analytical framework generates various perspectives that can be used to elaborate an economic sustainable development strategy of the Moldavian agriculture sector. The development of the analytical framework is based on the dynamics of agriculture subsidies, agricultural loans, the agricultural sector’s gross domestic product (GDP) and gross value added (GVA), as well as the dynamics of agricultural production and production value, also considering the main crops belonging to the Moldavian agriculture sector. The results are presented as sets of mathematical regression models that quantify the relationships found between the relevant agricultural parameters and their impact on the economics of the agricultural sector. It has been identified that the agriculture sector has a considerable impact on the Moldavian economy, a fact revealed by the significant model between the agriculture GVA and total GVA and GDP. A significant, negative correlation model was identified between agriculture subsidies and agriculture loans, although a small percentage of Moldavian agriculture farms were subsidized. Strong correlation models were also identified between wheat and maize production and total agriculture production, emphasizing the importance of these two crops for the Moldavian agricultural economy. Grape and maize production values also generated a correlation model, emphasizing the market interconnection between these crops It can be concluded that the increase in value of governmental agriculture subsidies, as well as expanding their addressability in order to maximize the access possibility for a higher number of agriculture farms, are essential for the Moldavian agriculture sector’s future development, since considering the limiting value of and accessibility to subsidies, a direct correlation model was identified between governmental agriculture subsidies and agriculture GVA.
48
Marych, Khrystyna. "Ecologization of agriculture: legal aspect." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 10, no. 40 (December 18, 2023): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2023.40.212.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to the analysis of regulatory and legal support of ecologization in the field of agriculture and prospects for its improvement. Ecologization of the agricultural sector is ensured by legal norms contained in laws and by-laws. In general, the norms of environmental and agrarian legislation of Ukraine regulate the relations of environmental protection and nature use in the field of agriculture. The main directions of further improvement of the legal support for the ecologization of the agricultural sector are: the implementation of certain types of agricultural production activities, taking into account the peculiarities of specialization and activities related to agricultural production; use of land and other natural resources in agricultural production; agricultural production waste management; organic agricultural production, etc. In particular, the relevant rules of nature protection for agricultural production should be aimed at: ensuring ecological and biological safety in the process of agricultural production activity; ensuring rational use of land and other natural resources in agricultural production; restriction and termination of agricultural activities that damage to the environment; introduction of the most effective methods of management, in particular, the spread of the use of organic production methods; support for the development and introduction of innovative technologies in the field of agriculture; protection of agricultural plants and animals; increasing the level of knowledge and improving the practical skills of sustainable agriculture. A special role in the legal support of ecologization of agriculture is played by strategic documents defining goals and task for the relevant period. The task of state policy is to bring national legislation, standards and practices in the agricultural sector closer to the pan-European principles of sustainable agriculture policy and good agricultural practices. Also, rules of nature protection should be reflected in the local intra-economic acts of the subjects of agricultural activity.
49
Jia, Peiyao, Jiankun Chu, Wenjia Niu, Puyao Jia, and Ling Zhang. "Development and Comprehensive Evaluation of Ecological Agriculture Industry Chain System Based on Genetic Algorithm." Advances in Multimedia 2022 (September 10, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3768943.
Анотація:
Due to the constraints of traditional agricultural development factors, the existing agricultural industrial chain structure was unreasonable, which can not only promote the development of related industries but also affect the sustainable development of the whole agriculture. Therefore, it was of great significance to build a scientific and orderly ecological agriculture industry chain system and optimize it on the existing basis for improving the industrial benefits of modern agriculture and enhancing the vitality of agricultural development. From the perspective of the construction of an ecological agriculture industry chain system, this study put forward the development and evaluation system of the agricultural industry chain system based on genetic algorithm, in order to provide support for better promoting the development of modern agriculture. First, based on summarizing the related concepts of ecological agriculture and industrial structure, the definition and organization of agricultural industrial chain were given. Second, it expounded the basic theory of genetic algorithm and its application in the optimization of agricultural industrial structure, and put forward the optimization model of ecological agricultural industrial structure combined with the objectives of agricultural industry development. Finally, by constructing the evaluation index system of ecological agriculture industry chain system, a comprehensive evaluation model of ecological agriculture industry chain system based on genetic algorithm was designed. Through the case verification and comparative analysis, the results showed that the ecological agriculture industry chain system evaluation system and evaluation model based on genetic algorithm proposed in this study had certain feasibility and effectiveness, and can better evaluate the changing trend of various industries in the process of agricultural industry development.
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Basu, Saikat Kumar. "Agriculture." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 10, no. 3 (April 14, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.33.ed026.
Анотація:
Agriculture is often neglected as the most serious topic in recent times under different perspectives. We do talk about various disciplines of Science, Social Sciences and Humanities but often forget to provide due respect to the field of Agriculture and take this subject for granted. It is quite important to note that Agriculture just does not mean animal and crop production or pest and disease control or agronomy or soil science only; it spreads way beyond these usual scopes and now encompass divergent field as environmental sciences, food security and food politics, social anthropology, molecular biology, biotechnology, genetic engineering, nutritional sciences, human development, agricultural geography, satellite technologies and even nanotechnology. It has been slowly transformed into a most divergent, dynamic, engaging and multi-disciplinary subject that is inter-connected with every facet of modern human development. No human society can survive in the present world without investing in agricultural research and development. Agriculture is the mother and corner stone of all subjects and the fundamental pillar on which human societies and civilizations have thrived from time immemorial. The five basic requirements of any surviving human society on this planet, namely, food, fibre, fodder, fuel and fertilizer and are all direct products of agriculture [1,2].