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1
Waldron, Scott, Colin Brown, and John Longworth. "State Sector Reform and Agriculture in China." China Quarterly 186 (June 2006): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741006000154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
China's state sector reform process is examined through the key sector of agriculture. A preview of aggregate statistics and broader reform measures indicate the declining role of the state. However, a systematic analysis of administrative, service and enterprise structures reveal the nuances of how the state has retained strong capacity to guide development of the agricultural sector. State and Party policy makers aim not only to support the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of farmers, but also to pursue agricultural modernization in the context of rapid industrialization. These goals are unlikely to be achieved through a wholesale transfer of functions to the private sector, so the state has maintained or developed new mechanisms of influence, particularly in the areas of service provision and enterprise development.
2
Aguzarova, Larisa A., and Inna I. Dzudtsova. "Budget tools for supporting the agro-industrial complex in China." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 2(2020) (June 25, 2020): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2020-2-94-101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The agro-industrial complex is one of the most important sectors in the economy of any country, and the Russian Federation is no exception. The modern development of the state’s economy largely depends on the level of development of the agro-industrial sector and the efficiency of management activities of its management. For more than 25 years, Russia has been in the process of reforming and transforming the agricultural sector. The level of agricultural development remains quite ambiguous. Stimulating the agricultural sector at the state level is a priority for advanced countries in economic policy, because agriculture is the most important branch of the national economy, which actively involves a diverse set of measures for state support (subsidies, benefits, trade protection, etc.). The existing system of state regulation and support of agriculture in China is based on standard methods used in most countries of the world. The article is devoted to the study of the mechanisms of state support for the agro-industrial complex in China, because it is important to study which structure and organization of agricultural production contributes to the most intensive and balanced development. It is necessary to realize that it is not possible to improve the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex in the short term, so long-term forecasts and programs should be developed. This is especially important in today’s volatile economy. Possible methods of stimulating domestic agricultural producers based on the experience of the country under consideration are considered. As a result of the analysis, positive and negative factors of influence of certain measures for state support of agriculture in General on the country’s economy were identified. The article discusses the main methods of state support for agriculture used in the PRC and the possibility of their application in the Russian Federation. This article is intended for those who work in the field of Finance of the agro-industrial complex.
3
Cheng, Fu, Qingxi Chen, Mengmeng Gu, and Donghui Peng. "Current Status of Agricultural Extension in China." HortTechnology 26, no. 6 (December 2016): 846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03220-16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Information on the history, legislative background, and current five levels (national, provincial, county, municipal, and township level) of the agricultural extension system in China are presented herein. In addition to the five levels, there are also six administrative agencies involved: Ministry of Agriculture, State Forestry Administration, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, National Agriculture Leadership Working Group, and National Development and Reform Commission. An example (Zhongfang Township, City of Luoyuan, Fuzhou County, Fujian Province) is given to illustrate the intricate network of the agricultural extension system. Major problems of the Chinese extension system include a complex and inefficient extension network, disconnection between the extension service and stakeholders’ needs, and a “two-boss” dilemma for most extension agencies. However, some current success stories in Chinese agricultural extension may be applicable or provide useful tips to other countries including the United States.
4
Chen', Cyucze. "Problems and prospects of cooperation between China and Russia in agriculture." Agrarian Bulletin of the 219, no. 04 (May 4, 2022): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2022-219-04-93-102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The purpose of this study is to clarify the place of Sino-Russian agricultural cooperation for the PRC in the context of Sino-American trade frictions, to identify the main factors that have a positive and negative impact on cooperation in the field of agriculture between the PRC and the Russian Federation. To achieve the goal, the following goals have been established: 1) analyze the state of agricultural cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation; 2) explore the problems in agricultural cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation at this stage; 3) evaluate the impact of Sino-US trade frictions on Sino-Russian agricultural cooperation. Statistical, analytical and graphical methods were used. Correlation-regression analysis was used to identify the impact of Sino-American trade frictions on agricultural cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation. Results. Agricultural cooperation with the United States and the Russian Federation is an important part of international cooperation in the field of agriculture for China. Sino-American trade tensions have, to some extent, indirectly contributed to agricultural cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation. The volume of trade in agricultural products between China and Russia in 2020 amounted to 5.544 billion US dollars, of which the import of agricultural products of China from the Russian Federation reached 4.087 billion US dollars, and China became the largest exporter of Russian agricultural products. The main reason is that under the influence of Sino-American trade frictions, China and Russia actively reacted and adjusted the direction of agricultural cooperation between the two countries. First, China expanded the types and volume of agricultural products imported from Russia and created a favorable environment for its trade. Second, China and Russia will seize the opportunity of “cooperation in the entire agricultural industry chain” to create a mutually beneficial investment environment. Third, to promote the creation of innovative platforms and mechanisms for scientific research and technology in the field of agriculture. The scientific novelty consists in assessing the impact of Sino-American trade frictions on agricultural interaction between the PRC and the Russian Federation and its trends in the future.
5
Wang, Wang, and Chen. "Assessment of the Ecological Niche of Photovoltaic Agriculture in China." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082268.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To evaluate the ecological niche of photovoltaic agriculture in China, an evaluation index system was constructed. Based on the presentation form of interval numbers, we used the interval entropy weight method and interval cloud model to measure the niche state value and niche role value of photovoltaic agriculture. In this way, we determined the development trend of the ecological niche of photovoltaic agriculture. The results show that Chinese photovoltaic agriculture is in a good state and plays a good, but weak, role. The ecological niche of China’s photovoltaic agriculture will undergo a four-stage evolution process: positioning, integration, leap, and symbiosis. China has completed the positioning stage and entered the integration stage. Hence, it is important to constantly improve the level of industrial integration technology and to form a new photovoltaic agriculture recycling economic ecosystem.
6
Aoyagi, Hitoshi. "S. Yan, Agriculture, Peasant, and State in China." Journal of Rural Problems 39, no. 2 (2003): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.39.226.
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7
Gürel, Burak. "Semi-private Landownership and Capitalist Agriculture in Contemporary China." Review of Radical Political Economics 51, no. 4 (July 7, 2019): 650–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613419849683.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although the existing scholarship on the capitalist transformation of Chinese agriculture uses the concepts of the Marxist political economy to analyze class differentiation, it has not systematically analyzed the role of the Chinese state (as manifested in the current semi-private land system) in this transformation with reference to Marx’s theory of agricultural rent. Capitalist transformation of Chinese agriculture in the context of continuing strong government control over farmland provides a unique opportunity to assess the validity of Marx’s hypothesis that private landownership is a barrier to capitalist development in agriculture and that state ownership of land is a possible way to overcome it. Analysis highlights two advantages of the current system for the capitalist transformation of Chinese agriculture. First, by enabling local governments to transfer large and consolidated tracts of farmland to agribusiness companies and large farmers and relieving them from the burden of dealing with each and every private owner for land access, the semi-private landownership system minimizes the transaction costs incurred by agrarian capital. Second, farm workers are guaranteed access to small plots of land and this subsidizes agrarian capital by reducing the costs of the reproduction of labor power, thereby putting downward pressure on wages. JEL Classification: P32, P1
8
Chen, Jian, Yiping Liu, and Lingjun Wang. "Research on Coupling Coordination Development for Photovoltaic Agriculture System in China." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To explore the law of coupling coordination development of China’s photovoltaic (PV) agriculture system, this study measured the comprehensive development level of the agriculture and PV industries from 2007 to 2016 using China’s agricultural and photovoltaic industry statistics. Once this was achieved, the coupling coordination degree of the PV agricultural system was measured and a development mode of this system was determined. Finally, we explored the development trend of the coupled and coordinated evolution of the system. The main research results show that: (1) Although the development level of the agriculture and PV industries are both in an upward trend, the rising rate of development by the PV industry far exceeds the agriculture industry. (2) As agricultural and PV industries expand, they both show stock resource-led characteristics, but the incremental resources of the PV industry are gradually taking the lead. (3) The coupling coordination degree of the agriculture and PV industries fluctuates as it rises, but the coupling is low. It has not yet evolved to a higher level of coupling, and the speed of upgrading and evolution is slow. (4) In the next 10 years, the evolution speed of the two industries will be significantly improved, and the coupling between them will enter the coordination stage. PV agriculture will further develop in a sustainable direction.
9
Wang, Ke. "Analysis of Characteristics of Cooperation Network of Smart Agriculture Technology Companies: China as an Example." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 4, no. 4 (September 15, 2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2022.4.4.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of new technology and the Internet has provided opportunities for the development of smart agriculture, but at present, the development of smart agriculture is still in the primary stage and faces many urgent technical problems, so most companies enhance their technological innovation capabilities through cooperation with other companies. This paper analyzes the characteristics of cooperation networks of smart agriculture technology companies and the differences in different stages by collecting companies with which smart agriculture technology companies have cooperation relationships and applying social network analysis. The results show that there are few cooperative relationships between smart agriculture technology companies, mostly with large information technology companies (e.g., Huawei and Alibaba), research institutes, and other non-agricultural companies. In the cooperation network, large information technology companies such as Huawei and Alibaba, China Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences occupy important positions. However, the overall network density is low, and the cooperation is not tight enough, indicating that the development of smart agriculture technology companies needs to be improved. The findings of the study can provide suggestions for the development of smart agricultural technology companies.
10
Tang, Chaoran. "The Existing Difficulties and Solutions of the Service Industry of Agricultural Informatization of Intelligent Agriculture in China." Finance and Market 5, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/fm.v5i1.1610.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Agricultural informatization is of great significance to the development of rural areas and agriculture, and is closely related to farmers. The state council, in some opinions on promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside, mainly proposes to build a diversified information channel, so that agricultural personnel can obtain agricultural information more quickly and efficiently. This paper mainly analyzes the problems of industry gap, personnel technology, financing and promotion in the agricultural informatization industry of smart agriculture in China. The corresponding solutions to these problems are put forward and the prospect of the future development of the industry is forecasted.</p>
11
Jackson, Sukhan. "Reform of State Enterprise Management in China." China Quarterly 107 (September 1986): 405–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000039849.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The shift in China's economic strategy following the Third Plenum of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1978 was an attempt to readjust and reform the economic system. First, reform measures were introduced in the agricultural sector. Secondly, the commercial sector was gradually being adjusted to allow the market mechanism to play a role under the “guidance” of state planning. Thirdly, there was more investment in transport and communications. Fourthly, the rate of accumulation by the state was reduced while the rate of consumption by the people was raised through higher incomes and the availability of more consumer goods. Fifthly, there were attempts to readjust the investment pattern between agriculture, heavy industry and light industry. Last, but not least, reform measures were introduced in the management of state enterprises. The article is concerned with this reform.
12
Ivanova, S. V., and A. V. Latyshov. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND REGULATION OF AGRICULTURE IN JAPAN , SOUTH KOREA AND CHINA." International Trade and Trade Policy 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2021-1-81-100.
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The article is devoted to the study of general and special characteristics of the condition and state regulation of agriculture in three East Asian countries: China, Japan, and South Korea. It is determined that there are several historical similarities associated with the Asian way of production, low land use, high dependence on food imports, rapid urbanization and high population density. The topic of food security is relevant for all three countries. The comparative analysis made it possible to identify and specify important differences in the process and results of the modernization of agriculture in the three countries. Especially in terms of the level and speed of technical and technological development, domestic state support for agriculture, foreign trade policy, changes in the trade balance for agricultural goods, the inclusion of countries in the import of GM seeds and the production of organic food, positions in the ratings of the global food security index. The article focuses on the issues of commercialization of biotechnological crops and China's strategy aimed at future global dominance in the field of agricultural science and technology. Using the mechanism of international corporate mergers and acquisitions, the Chinese company with state participation entered the top five world leaders in the production of GM seeds and IT platforms for precision farming.
13
Yin, Zhichao, Lei Meng, and Yezhou Sha. "DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURE-RELATED LOAN DEFAULT: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 23 (January 31, 2020): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i0.1160.
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This paper investigates agriculture-related loan default in 2002–2009 through a largedata set from a leading Chinese state-owned bank. Using logit regression, we findthe default rate on agriculture-related loans is significantly higher than that on non–agriculture-related loans. We find that base interest rates, loan maturity, the typeof collateral, firm size, ownership structure, and managerial quality rating have asignificant impact on agriculture-related loan default, but this also depends on howagriculture-related loans are defined. The results provide insight into the real impactof monetary policy on agriculture-related lending.
14
Wang, Lingjun, and Yuanyuan Li. "Research on Niche Improvement Path of Photovoltaic Agriculture in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 13087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To explore the niche improvement path of photovoltaic agriculture in China, a niche influencing factor system was constructed first. Then, this study innovatively combined the DEMATEL and analytic network process (DANP) method and the NK model, which can correct the defects of the traditional NK model. Based on the above method, the influence coefficients and index weight of each niche factor were calculated, and the niche fitness landscape of photovoltaic agriculture was constructed. Finally, according to the fitness landscape map of each combination state, the optimal configuration state of niche influencing factors of photovoltaic agriculture and the optimal niche improvement path of photovoltaic agriculture were explored. We found that the interaction between the six niche influencing factors determines the niche fitness of photovoltaic agriculture, and the changes in the niche fitness and the niche improvement of photovoltaic agriculture are coordinated. It was proposed that the optimal niche improvement path of photovoltaic agriculture in China is “technological innovation → policy formulation → resource allocation → economic improvement → social recognition → environmental protection”, and the research conclusions were further explained and discussed.
15
Li, Biao, Yunting Feng, Xiqiang Xia, and Mengjie Feng. "Evaluation of China’s Circular Agriculture Performance and Analysis of the Driving Factors." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041643.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Along with industry upgrading and urbanization, the agricultural industry in China has been experiencing a stage of rapid development, on the bright side. On the other side, ecological environment deterioration and resource scarcity have become prevalent. Called by the current situation, circular agriculture arises as a direction for the industry to achieve sustainable development. This study develops an evaluation indicator system for circular agriculture using an entropy method, and evaluates factors that could drive the Chinese agricultural industry to achieve better performance. We employ the method using provincial data collected from the province of Henan, in which around 10% of the total grain in China is produced. It was found that agricultural technology and water resources per capita are positively related to circular performance in agriculture. In contrast, urbanization and arable land per capita are negatively related to circular performance. This article provides support to the government in policy-making related to the improvement of circular agricultural performance.
16
Xu, Shu. "Tactics on the Development of Modern Agricultural Logistics in Central China." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The central region is a large agricultural area in China, while the agricultural product logistics is on the stage of traditional logistics. This greatly restricts and influences the agriculture competitiveness and economic development of central China. Starting from the definition and analysis of the meaning of modern agricultural logistics, it discusses the significance and the need of the development of modern agricultural products logistics, and focuses on the suggestions and strategies to develop the modern agricultural logistics in central China. It is to provide a meaningful reference to enhance the level of the agricultural products logistics and realize the agricultural economic advantages of central China.
17
Chi, Mingjia, Qinyang Guo, Lincheng Mi, Guofeng Wang, and Weiming Song. "Spatial Distribution of Agricultural Eco-Efficiency and Agriculture High-Quality Development in China." Land 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agricultural ecological efficiency is not only the key link between green development and high-quality development of agriculture, but also an important regulatory indicator for China’s rural revitalization. Based on provincial panel data of China from 2000 to 2019, using land, mechanical, labor, fertilizer, pesticide, and agricultural film as input variables and economic output and agricultural carbon emissions as output variables, the inter-provincial agricultural ecological efficiency is calculated by a super-efficient SBM model, and the traditional spatial Markov probability transfer matrices are constructed based on time series and spatial correlation analyses. By exploring the spatial and temporal dynamic evolution characteristics of agricultural ecological efficiency, it is found that the agricultural ecological efficiency of China increased steadily with fluctuations. In addition, the provincial gap has been narrowing, but the overall level is still at a low level; thus, there is still a large space for improvement in agricultural ecological efficiency. The overall trend of agricultural ecological efficiency shifting to a high level in China is significant, but its evolution has the stability to maintain the original state, and achieving leapfrog transfer is relatively hard. The geospatial pattern plays an important role in the spatial-temporal evolution of agricultural ecological efficiency, with significant spatial agglomeration characteristics. Provinces with high agricultural ecological efficiency enjoy positive spillover effects, while provinces with low agricultural ecological efficiency have negative spillover effects; thus, gradually forming a “club convergence” phenomenon of “high agglomeration, low agglomeration, high radiation, and low suppression” in the spatial pattern. In addition, support for the improvement of agricultural ecological efficiency will be provided in this study.
18
Murzin, A. D., and Li Yizhu. "Socio-ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural production in China." Economy and ecology of territorial educations 5, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2413-1474-2021-5-3-47-54.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The modern tasks of agriculture are concentrated in the area of reconciling the contradictions between increasing growth rates in conditions of limited natural resources and protecting the interests of citizens and the environment. The study is devoted to the overview of the current state, consideration of development prospects and analysis of the experience of the People's Republic of China in assessing the efficiency of agricultural production based on an index system of indicators, including 12 indicators grouped by social, environmental and economic characteristics, combined into a comprehensive development index. As a result of the study, the problems and mechanisms of support to rural areas at the state level, which can be useful to other agricultural territories and states, have been identified.
19
Polyanskaya, Natalya. "Some results of the food strategy of Russia, China and Japan." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 5 (2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120022591-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents a comparative macroeconomic analysis of the results of agricultural policy in the field of food security in Russia, China and Japan. Russia is significantly more provided with agricultural land — a factor of basic importance in food production than its eastern neighbors — China and Japan. In terms of gross agricultural production, China is the leader, especially in cereals and legumes, fruits, berries, citrus fruits and grapes, vegetables and melons, as well as eggs. For these products, China has full self-sufficiency, but at the same time it lacks its own production for potatoes, meat and milk. Japan is not provided with its own fruits, berries, citrus fruits and grapes, vegetables and melons, as well as meat and milk. Russia also lacks its own production of these products, with the exception of meat, with which it is fully provided. The average Russian citizen does not fully consume vegetables and melons, as well as milk and dairy products, for which there is a low level of self-sufficiency and economic accessibility in the country. The food strategies of the studied states testify to the importance of food supply in the system of national security and improving the quality of life of the population, combining their interests in organizing large agricultural organizations, state support for the development of agriculture with its full financial support, the formation of an economically sound agricultural policy for the development of agriculture as the basis of social stability, equating its products with the most important strategic resources.
20
Arya, Aziz R. "Agricultural Transformation in Asia: Experiences and Emerging Challenges." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 19, no. 2 (December 2022): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2022.19.2.2.
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Agriculture plays a key role in economic development, alleviating poverty and malnutrition, especially in the early stages of agricultural development. Several studies have demonstrated that neglecting agriculture, especially at the early stages of industrialization, can disrupt the process of economic transformation. This paper reviews the process of agricultural transformation in Asia through the framework proposed by Timmer (1988). It finds that agricultural transformation in Asia has followed a uniform pattern with unique characteristics in each stage. Moreover, the public sector has been instrumental in facilitating and guiding agricultural transformation. Emerging challenges in the agri-food sector in Asia have prompted some countries to promote a more inclusive and integrated approach to rural and agri-food system development. The next phase of agricultural transformation—pioneered in Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), and China—seems relevant to most countries in Asia and elsewhere. In all three countries, the role of the state in facilitating the next phase of agricultural transformation is highly instrumental in terms of policy, strategy, incentives, and resources. However, there is insufficient evidence to assess the efficacy of the transformative initiatives dubbed as the “6th industrialization in agriculture.”
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Mamychev, Aleksey, and Sofya Sklyarova. "Digitalization and robotization of agriculture in modern China: the main priorities and directions of the state's innovation policy." Advances in Law Studies 8, no. 5 (June 4, 2020): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2020-8-5-139-155.
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The article analyzes the state agrarian policy of China and the main directions of digitalization, automation and robotization of agriculture. The main directions and priorities of implementing innovative technologies in the agro-industrial complex of the Chinese state are discussed, and the practice of creating science and technology parks and demonstration zones of high-tech development in the field of agricultural modernization and development is presented. In conclusion, the paper analyzes the main directions of development of China's food policy and the dynamics of agricultural robotization.
22
Thiers, Paul. "From Grassroots Movement to State-Coordinated Market Strategy: The Transformation of Organic Agriculture in China." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 3 (June 2002): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c2v.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The production, certification, and marketing of organic agriculture developed slowly in the West as a nongovernmental, community-based response to concerns over food safety and the environmental impacts of chemical agriculture. The current emergence of organic agriculture in less-developed nations is following a very different trajectory owing to the presence of an established global market for organic products and the developmental goals of interventionist states. In this paper I examine the emergence of state-sponsored organic marketing and certification programs in the Peoples' Republic of China as an extreme case of developmental state intervention in organic agriculture. I find that the predominance of state and market instead of community and ecology in the Chinese organic ‘movement’ has profound implications for the ability of organics to promote environmentally sustainable agriculture in less-developed nations. Direct state intervention may overcome some of the public-goods and collective-action problems often associated with organic agriculture. However, conflicts of interest between the state as regulator and as producer erode the consumer trust upon which organic markets rely. The use of political authority to organize organic production allows state entrepreneurs to capture market premiums, reducing farmer innovation and long-term incentive, and exacerbating free-rider problems. The case of organic agriculture in China demonstrates the need for caution when applying universalistic economic theories about environmental problems to diverse political economies. This has important implications for international environmental regimes as well as the globalization of eco-consumerism or eco-labeling strategies.
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Wang, Guofeng, Pu Liu, Jinmiao Hu, and Fan Zhang. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Agriculture Methane Emissions in China." Agriculture 12, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101573.
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Explaining the methane emission pattern of Chinese agriculture and the influencing factors of its spatiotemporal differentiation is of great theoretical and practical significance for carbon neutrality. This paper uses the IPCC coefficient method to measure and analyze the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of agricultural methane emission, clarify the dynamic evolution trend of the kernel density function, and reveal the key influencing factors of agricultural methane emission with geographical detectors. The results show that China’s agricultural methane emissions showed a first increasing and then declining trend. Agricultural methane emissions decreased from 21.4587 million tons to 17.6864 million tons, with an upward trend from 2000 to 2005, a significant decline in 2006, a slow change from 2007 to 2015, and a significant decline from 2015 to 2019. In addition, the emissions pattern of the three major grain functional areas is characteristic; in 2019, agricultural methane emissions from main producing area, main sales area, and balance area were 10.8406 million tons, 1.2471 million tons, and 5.599 million tons, respectively. The main grain producing area is the main area of methane emissions, and the emission pattern will not change in the short term. The variability of grain functional areas is the decisive factor for the difference in agricultural methane emissions. The state of industrial structure is the key influencing factor for adjusting the spatial distribution—the explanatory power of the industrial structure to the main producing areas reached 0.549; the level of agricultural development is the most core influencing factor of the spatial pattern of the main grain sales area—the explanatory power reached 0.292; and the level of industrialization and the industrial structure are the core influencing factors of the spatial pattern of the balance area—the explanatory power reached 0.545 and 0.479, respectively.
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Xu, Lingyan, Jing Jiang, and Jianguo Du. "The Dual Effects of Environmental Regulation and Financial Support for Agriculture on Agricultural Green Development: Spatial Spillover Effects and Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 11609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211609.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental regulation and financial support for agriculture are regarded as important means to promote agricultural green development. Based on provincial panel data of 31 provinces in China between the years 2000 and 2020, this paper explores the interactive effect, spatial spillover effect and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of environmental regulation and financial support for agriculture on agricultural green development. The empirical conclusions are as follows: (1) The level of agricultural green development increases year by year with a spatial characteristic of high in the east and low in the west. Moreover, there is a spatial spillover effect of agricultural green development with spatiotemporal heterogeneity. (2) Environmental regulation would not only reduce the level of local agricultural green development but also inhibit the adjacent regions, which is contrary to the impact of financial support for agriculture. (3) The interactive relationship of environmental regulation and financial support for agriculture has a spatial spillover effect on agricultural green development, which is more significant in the systematization stage of agricultural green development and most significant in the east-middle region.
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Erokhin, V., A. Ivolga, and W. J. M. Heijman. "Trade liberalization and state support of agriculture: effects for developing countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 60, No. 11 (November 27, 2014): 524–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/137/2013-agricecon.
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The paper aims at the overview of the main approaches of state support implemented by developed and developing countries and the assessment of their distorting influences on the trade with agricultural commodities. The current state of state support is analyzed on the examples of EU-27, the USA and Japan. The experiences of developing countries are summarized on the examples of China, Russia and the CIS countries. State support tools are grouped according to the WTO classification. The alternative classification is implemented in order to compare the distorting effects caused by the state support. The EPACIS model is implemented to analyze the effects of trade liberalization for the distribution of agricultural commodities and trade policies in developing countries. The model is adjusted in order to assess the effects of state support for the production and trade with agricultural commodities in developing countries, recently accessed the WTO (the case of Russia). Imitation calculations allow formulating policies for the developing agricultural markets depending on the degrees of their sensitivity to foreign trade regulations and domestic support.
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Shi, Lin, Guicheng Shi, and Huanguang Qiu. "General review of intelligent agriculture development in China." China Agricultural Economic Review 11, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-05-2017-0093.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the development of intelligent agriculture (IA) in China, which is an important tendency in advancing the agricultural productivity in the coming era.Design/methodology/approachConsidering publications as featured evidence of an emerging phenomenon, the authors review publications of IA. Specifically, the use of term, definition and examples of IA, both English and Chinese literature, and government policies of China are all reviewed. Additionally, the authors use basic statistical and thematic analysis to help synthesizing the literature and drawing conclusions. Findings from various sources of publications supplement with each other.FindingsIA in China has shown three main characteristics: unbalanced geographic distribution, an early stage of the trend and attention mainly focused on a limited range of technologies. Compared with the development of IA in other countries, such as Japan, India and the USA, featured with diversified properties, similarities and differences of IA development in China and in other countries are also discussed.Originality/valueThis general review contributes by uncovering the emergence of IA, identifying its general definition with a comprehensive set of practical examples and pointing out the present characteristics and problems of IA development in China. The general review provides a necessary summary for the policy makers and researchers to have a systematic understanding of IA and better promote its future development. At last, the paper calls for a process-based strategy with different goals at different stages, a sustainable mechanism coordinated by multiple participants, and a localized consideration for relevant policy making.
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He, Keyang, Houyuan Lu, Jianping Zhang, and Can Wang. "Holocene spatiotemporal millet agricultural patterns in northern China: a dataset of archaeobotanical macroremains." Earth System Science Data 14, no. 10 (October 28, 2022): 4777–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4777-2022.
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Abstract. Millet agriculture, i.e., broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), initially originated in northern China and provided the basis for the emergence of the first state in the Central Plains. However, owing to the lack of a comprehensive archaeobotanical dataset, when, where, and how these two millet types evolved across different regions and periods remains unclear. Here, we presented a dataset of archaeobotanical macroremains (n=538) spanning the Neolithic and Bronze ages in northern China and suggested a significant spatiotemporal divergence of millet agriculture in the subhumid mid-lower Yellow River (MLY) and semiarid agro-pastoral ecotone (APE). The key timing of the diffusion and transition of millet agriculture occurred around 6000 cal. a BP, coinciding with the Holocene Optimum (8000–6000 cal. a BP) and Miaodigou Age (6200–5500 cal. a BP). It spread westward and northward from the MLY to APE and underwent a dramatic transition from low-yield broomcorn millet to high-yield foxtail millet. The combined influence of warm-wet climate, population pressure, and field management may have promoted the intensification, diffusion, and transition of millet agriculture around 6000 cal. a BP. Thereafter, the cropping patterns in the MLY were predominated by foxtail millet (∼ 80 %), while those in APE focused on both foxtail (∼ 60 %) and broomcorn millet under a persistent drying trend since the mid-Holocene. This study provided the first quantitative spatiotemporal cropping patterns during the Neolithic and Bronze ages in northern China, which can be used for evaluating prehistoric human subsistence, discussing past human–environment interaction, and providing a valuable perspective of agricultural sustainability for the future. The dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6669730 (He et al., 2022).
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Chen, Meimei, Libang Ma, Xinglong Che, and Haojian Dou. "Identification of Transformation Stages and Evolution of Agricultural Development Types Based on Total Factor Productivity Analysis: A Case Study of Gansu Province, China." Agriculture 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080363.
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Agricultural transformation is a transition process of agriculture from the low development stage to the high development stage. Identifying the agricultural transformation stage and analyzing the evolution of agricultural development types based on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) are of great significance for the rational formulation of agricultural development policies. Based on the total factor productivity analysis framework, the DEA-Malmquist index model was used to measure the agricultural TFP of the 87 counties in Gansu Province from 1988 to 2017. The cumulative anomaly method was used to help identify agricultural transformation stages. Agricultural development types of counties in different stages and their evolution process were analyzed. Results show that (1) the agricultural transformation of Gansu Province can be divided into three stages: Traditional agriculture in 1988–1998; low-capacity technology agriculture in 1999–2011; and high-capacity technology agriculture in 2012–2017. (2) From 1988 to 2017, the agricultural TFP showed periodic U-shaped fluctuations, and the areas with high TFP value expanded from the central region to the western region and then to the entire region of the province. (3) Gansu Province presented a significant spatiotemporal variation of agricultural development types. From 1988 to 1998, type-I (low technological efficiency and slow technological progress) and type-VI (high technological efficiency and fast technological progress) agricultural development was mainly observed, and these two kinds of counties accounted for 55.17% of all evaluation units. From 1999 to 2011, the number of counties with type-I agricultural development increased significantly, reaching 35, followed by the number of counties with type IV (low technological efficiency) agricultural development, reaching 18. They together accounted for 60.92% of all evaluation units. From 2012 to 2017, the number of counties with type-IV and type-VI agricultural development was the largest, reaching 29 and 25, respectively. They together accounted for 62.07% of all evaluation units. (4) Types of agricultural development frequently change—from 1988 to 2017, the influencing factors of agricultural development had undergone a transition from both technological efficiency and technological improvement to technological efficiency or technological improvement alone.
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Ash, Robert F. "The Peasant and the State." China Quarterly 127 (September 1991): 493–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000031040.
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The institutional framework of agriculture defines the context in which the relationship between the peasant and the state is enacted. In China from the mid-1950s until 1979 that framework was characterized by a collectivist and interventionist ethos. The state–peasant relationship weighed heavily in favour of the state. The three tiers of agricultural organization–commune, brigade and production team – facilitated control of the economic activities of individual peasants by the government, whether at central or local level. Individual initiative was largely limited to those activities which could be carried out in spare time or on private plots. The relationship between effort and reward was frequently tenuous and distribution was guided by egalitarian principles.
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Glaros, Alesandros, Geoff Luehr, Zhenzhong Si, and Steffanie Scott. "Ecological Civilization in Practice: An Exploratory Study of Urban Agriculture in Four Chinese Cities." Land 11, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101628.
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Chinese development priorities have, since 2012, been formally framed under the slogan “Ecological Civilization” (EC). Simultaneously, urban agriculture (UA) has emerged as a potential strategy to contribute to urban food security in China, in wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we interrogate EC as an approach to urban and agricultural development in China and explore how EC manifests in practical terms, through a case study of urban agriculture. Over four months, we conducted on-site interviews and surveys with UA practitioners in four Chinese cities to understand how their experiences are negotiated with the state, in the context of EC. We find through our case study that capital-intensive and peri-urban approaches to UA are favoured in the context of EC, while small-scale intra-urban initiatives are actively discouraged in policy but passively accepted in practice and enforcement. This is despite all forms of UA promoting key goals for EC, including beautifying urban areas, increasing the quality of life for urban residents, and reconnecting individuals with food growing culture. Despite novel developments in innovative agricultural practices in both rural and urban contexts, the EC pathway risks overlooking grassroots initiatives and meeting local residents’ needs.
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Qin, Shuai, Zheying Han, Hong Chen, Haokun Wang, and Cheng Guo. "High-Quality Development of Chinese Agriculture under Factor Misallocation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 9804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169804.
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Optimizing factor allocation is the premise of promoting high-quality development of agriculture. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2004 to 2020, this paper examines the relationship between factor mismatch and high-quality agricultural development. We found that the high-quality development level of China’s agriculture shows a state of fluctuation and improvement, but the overall level is relatively low and the inter-provincial difference is expanding. Factor mismatch significantly inhibited the improvement of agricultural high-quality development, and the inhibition effect showed obvious temporal and spatial heterogeneity. We also found that the allocation of factors in extreme cases will lead to a 0.01% inter-provincial difference in the high-quality agricultural development. However, with the optimization and upgrading of the agricultural industrial structure and the improvement of the agricultural science and technology, the inhibitory effect of factor mismatch on high-quality agricultural development is constantly weakening. The above conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. The conclusions of this paper enrich the theoretical literature on the influencing factors of high-quality agricultural development, and provide an empirical reference for the policy maker of reducing factor mismatch and promoting high-quality agricultural development.
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Wu, Fang, and Junhai Ma. "Evolution Dynamics of Agricultural Internet of Things Technology Promotion and Adoption in China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (August 6, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1854193.
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Internet of Things is the core technology of smart agriculture and can reform and upgrade traditional agriculture for reducing cost, reducing pollution, and increasing productivity and quality in China. From government-led and market economy perspectives, promotion mechanisms and sustainable adoption of agricultural Internet of Things technology are analyzed. In the initial application phase, the promotion of Internet of Things requires government support. For investigating the relationship between the government and farmers, this study builds an evolutionary game model and finds that increases of cost subsidy, farmers’ negative feedback, government’s positive feedback, and chemical agriculture cost can make the model evolve toward the strategy set: farmer adoption and government support. For long-term development, a sustainable model in competitive market is built by competition game and exponential replication equation. This paper analyzes the equilibrium of adoption ratio, long-run profit, and the conversion between equilibrium points under capacity sharing strategy in competitive market. It is also found that the market will eventually evolve to the technology selection strategy whose long-run average profit dominates the market. The innovations are that evolutionary game is used for analyzing the initial stage and competitive game and asynchronous update mechanism are used for analyzing the sustainable development adoption. At last, references are provided for agricultural Internet of Things development policy from the perspectives of initial promotion and long-run sustainability.
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Zhang, Lin, Jinyan Chen, Faustino Dinis, Sha Wei, and Chengzhi Cai. "Decoupling Effect, Driving Factors and Prediction Analysis of Agricultural Carbon Emission Reduction and Product Supply Guarantee in China." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 16725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416725.
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Under the requirements for high-quality development, the coordinated promotion of agricultural carbon emission reduction and agricultural product supply guarantee in China is crucial to hold the bottom line of national food security as well as promote agricultural green transformation and development. Based on such situation, from the perspective of decoupling effect, driving factors and the prediction, this paper uses panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, takes the carbon emission formula, the “two-stage rolling” Tapio decoupling elasticity coefficient method, the spatial Durbin model and the Grey model optimized by the Simpson formula background value to quantify the relationship between agricultural carbon emission and agricultural product supply, analyze the driving effects of agricultural carbon emission reduction and agricultural product increase, and predict the decoupling state of agricultural carbon emission and agricultural product supply between 2021 and 2025, so as to draw a scientific basis that is conducive to the coordinated promotion of agricultural carbon emission reduction and agricultural product supply guarantee in China. The result shows that: (1) The decoupling state of agricultural carbon emission and agricultural product supply shows generally “the eastern and central regions are better than the western regions” in China, and the decoupling state has improved significantly year by year. Green technology innovation (GTI), agricultural carbon emission and agricultural product supply in China have significant spatial differences and spatial auto-correlation, which shows the spatial factors cannot be ignored; (2) Green technology innovation and agricultural carbon emission in local and adjacent provinces are both in an inverted “U-shaped” relationship, meaning that high level green technology innovation is an effective way to reduce carbon emission. Though green technology innovation and agricultural product supply in local and adjacent provinces are both in a positive “U-shaped” relationship, but the minimum value of lnGTI is greater than 0, which indicates that current level of green technology has been raised to a certain level, effectively improving the output of agricultural products; (3) Compared with those in 2016–2020 in China, it is projected that in 2021–2025 the decoupling state of agricultural carbon emission and agricultural product supply will be improved significantly, and the provinces below the optimal state will leave the extremely unreasonable strong negative decoupling state, mainly show recessionary decoupling and recessionary connection. Our findings provide Chinese decision-makers with corresponding references to formulate accountable and scientific regional policies in order to achieve high-quality development of agriculture and realize “Double carbon” target in China.
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Edjah, Benjamin Kofi Tawiah, Jianping Wu, and Jinjin Tian. "Research on the Comparative Advantage and Complementarity of China–Ghana Agricultural Product Trade." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 13136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013136.
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As trade partners, China in Southeast Asia and Ghana in Africa both play a major role in the China–Africa economic and trade cooperation and have strengthened their bilateral trade. The trade cooperation between China and Ghana has progressed, and there currently exists a large agricultural product trade between the two countries. China has become one of Ghana’s largest trading partners in recent decades, and bilateral cooperation has become stronger. This paper analyses the comparative advantage and complementarity of trade in agricultural products between China and Ghana in terms of twenty major agricultural products from 2016 to 2020, based on the revealed comparative advantage index, trade complementarity index, and their status quo. The results showed that the trade volume of China–Ghana agricultural products has continuously increased, and China is currently in a surplus state, but their total agriculture trade volume proportions had been decreasing. From the perspective of comparative advantage and complementarity, the results showed that the comparative advantage and complementarity coexist, but their comparative advantage is more obvious showing strong competitiveness. The result further shows that the comparative advantage of Ghana was stronger than that of China and the complementarity of China’s exports and Ghana’s imports of agricultural products has not been fully exploited; likewise, the complementarity of China’s imports and Ghana’s exports of agricultural products has not been fully exploited since 2018, and there is a large potential for further cooperation and development. Finally, based on the current situation and our analysis of agricultural trade between China and Ghana, suggestions were put forward to seek new and continuous development opportunities for agricultural trade cooperation between the two countries.
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Zhao, Jingzhu, Qishan Luo, Hongbing Deng, and Yan Yan. "Opportunities and challenges of sustainable agricultural development in China." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1492 (August 31, 2007): 893–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2190.
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This paper introduces the concepts and aims of sustainable agriculture in China. Sustainable agricultural development comprises sustainability of agricultural production, sustainability of the rural economy, ecological and environmental sustainability within agricultural systems and sustainability of rural society. China's prime aim is to ensure current and future food security. Based on projections of China's population, its economy, societal factors and agricultural resources and inputs between 2000 and 2050, total grain supply and demand has been predicted and the state of food security analysed. Total and per capita demand for grain will increase continuously. Total demand will reach 648 Mt in 2020 and 700 Mt in 2050, while total grain yield of cultivated land will reach 470 Mt in 2010, 585 Mt in 2030 and 656 Mt in 2050. The per capita grain production will be around 360 kg in the period 2000–2030 and reach 470 kg in 2050. When productivities of cultivated land and other agricultural resources are all taken into consideration, China's food self-sufficiency ratio will increase from 94.4% in 2000 to 101.3% in 2030, suggesting that China will meet its future demand for food and need for food security. Despite this positive assessment, the country's sustainable agricultural development has encountered many obstacles. These include: agricultural water-use shortage; cultivated land loss; inappropriate usage of fertilizers and pesticides, and environmental degradation.
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Perkins, Dwight. "Completing China's Move to the Market." Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.8.2.23.
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Beginning in late 1978, by luck as much as design, China arrived at a strategy for market-oriented economic reform that combined substantial reform with rapid growth in GDP and exports. The sequencing of reform began with the ‘easy to reform’ sectors, agriculture and foreign trade, and then took up the more difficult task of reforming the large state-owned enterprises. With respect to agriculture, small-scale industry, and foreign investment, China found ways of introducing meaningful property rights into the increasingly marketized system. A partially unreformed financial system and inadequate autonomy of large state enterprises accounts, however, for the current stop-go nature of Chinese development.
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Yagi, Fuki, Maira Kussainova, and Buho Hoshino. "SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT IN CORN FARMLAND, SOUTHEAST KAZAKHSTAN: REPORT FROM KAZAKHSTAN AND CHINA BORDER." Central Asia's Affairs 88, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2022-4.02.
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The agriculture in semi-arid lands of Kazakhstan on the example of the Kazakh-Chinese border has been transforming since the 2010s. This study examines corn farming practices and related state policies in Kazakhstan and makes policy recommendations for future sustainable land management (SLM) implementation. Through interviews with key informants and a review of policy documents, this paper identifies the following: 1) the study site has three farming issues depending on the geography; 2) farmers have positive agricultural practices for SLM adoption, such as crop rotation and manure usage; and 3) the agricultural enterprises established by the Agricultural Investment Policy have influenced the expansion of corn cultivation since the 2010s. These findings suggest it is possible to sustainably improve agricultural production in the study area, which is affected by infrastructure development between China and Kazakhstan, through the introduction of appropriate technology for each elevation and the development of sustainable agricultural land through cooperation with local companies.
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Xiao, Shuxing, Zuxin He, Weikun Zhang, and Xiaoming Qin. "The Agricultural Green Production following the Technological Progress: Evidence from China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 9876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169876.
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This study performs the spatial Durbin model (SDM) and threshold model to analyze the efficiency of agricultural green production following technological progress from 1998 through 2019. The SDM supports a nonlinear contribution of technological progress spillover to agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP), exacerbated by upgrading agricultural structure. Moreover, the threshold model confirms that technological progress has a single threshold effect on agricultural GTFP with the rationalization of the agrarian system as a threshold variable; meanwhile, the contribution of technological progress to agricultural GTFP is less than that of agricultural total factor productivity. Out of the expanded application of dissipative structure theory in agricultural GTFP systems innovatively, this study reveals the urgency to strengthen the innovation of independent technology, lower the threshold for introducing technology, and optimize the agrarian structure in the long-term sustainable agriculture for the economies that are undergoing a similar development stage as China.
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Yuan, Ruxue, Caiyao Xu, and Fanbin Kong. "Decoupling agriculture pollution and carbon reduction from economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta, China." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): e0280268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280268.
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Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, and agricultural nonpoint source pollution and carbon emissions are the main environmental problems limiting the development of the agricultural economy. This study takes the Yangtze River Delta as the research object and measures agricultural carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution in the study area from 2010 to 2020 respectively. The Tapio decoupling model is used to study types of decoupling between agricultural pollution and carbon reduction and economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta from 2010 to 2020, and the GM (1,1) model is used to predict the decoupling relationship between the agricultural environment and economic growth over the next ten years. The results show the following: (1) Agricultural COD emissions come mainly from livestock and poultry breeding, dropped from 1,130,120 tons in 2010 to 908,460 tons in 2020. Agricultural TN and TP emissions come mainly from plantations. Agricultural TN emissions dropped from 892,310 tons in 2010 to 788,020 tons in 2020. Agricultural TP emissions dropped from 149,590 tons in 2010 to130,770 tons in 2020. Agricultural carbon emissions dropped from 17,115,900 tons in 2010 to 15,786,600 tons in 2020, and come mainly from agricultural fertilizer and diesel fuel and pig breeding. (2) The decoupling effect of agricultural pollution reduction and carbon reduction in the Yangtze River Delta and economic growth has been in a long-term state, with negative decoupling occurring in a few regions, mainly in 2011, 2014 and 2020. (3) In the next ten years, except for 2021, when the coordination between agricultural pollution reduction and economic growth is poor, the two show good decoupling in the remaining years. Based on the results, this study makes recommendations on how to carry out comprehensive environmental management and promote green agricultural development.
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Deng, Tao. "Study of the system construction and development path of intelligent agriculture in China." Cultures of Science 4, no. 3 (September 2021): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20966083211052380.
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Intelligent agriculture is a highly systematic and integrated project that includes modern information technologies such as big data, cloud computing, 5G, blockchain, the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. The synergistic combination of multiple technologies determines the effectiveness of intelligent agriculture. Therefore, the implementation of individual technologies in particular regions cannot usually deliver all the potential advantages of intelligent agriculture. It is necessary to promote the integration of information technologies with a high degree of cooperation amongst different regions to achieve the overall development of the country. This article aims to detail the systematic framework of intelligent agriculture, clarify each structural part and, from the perspective of organizational function, elucidate each part's information technology function and the interactions between different technologies, and thus improve the structural system of intelligent agriculture. By also evaluating China's advantages (such as policy support, economies of scale and development stage) and challenges in developing intelligent agriculture, the article identifies the development priorities for the next development stage. Finally, it makes several policy suggestions, including improving vision, expanding investment, promoting integration and cultivating talent. This article is expected to contribute to the development of intelligent agriculture in China.
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Gimba, Zainab. "ADMINISTERING THE FORUM ON CHINA AFRICA COOPERATION: EMPHASIS ON AGRICULTURAL RELATIONS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i2.2018.1577.
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The paper examines the administering of the forum on china-africa cooperation, looking at the cooperation in agricultural sector. The paper adopts the historical descriptive method of research to look into the development of the cooperation. Findings show that, chines contribution to agriculture goes beyond Africa, but covers many regions of the world and Africa benefits immensely in this cooperation. The paper concludes that china is doing its own best to see Africa grow agriculturally and expand to other areas of serving humanity. The paper recommends the involvement of all stake-holders in seeing that food security is assured in Africa.
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Tang, Liqun, Qiang Liu, Wanjiang Yang, and Jianying Wang. "Do agricultural services contribute to cost saving? Evidence from Chinese rice farmers." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-06-2016-0082.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify agricultural services into five categories, including agricultural materials supply service, financial service, technical service, machinery service and processing and sales service, and to examine the effect of agricultural services on cost saving of rice production in China. Design/methodology/approach Based on a three-year panel data set covering 3,421 rice farmers in 12 Chinese provinces collected from the state rice industry experiment stations’ fixed watch points of China Agriculture Research System, a stochastic frontier model which takes the price vectors of input variables into cost function is developed by stochastic frontier analysis method in the study. Findings There is a deviation between the actual cost and the minimum cost on rice production in China due to the loss of cost efficiency, whose score is 0.7983 at the mean. Agricultural services can help improve cost efficiency, thus contributing to cost saving. Specifically, the effect of technical service on cost saving is the highest, followed by processing and sales service, machinery service, financial service and agricultural materials supply service. Originality/value The results of this paper are of great significance to the effectiveness and efficiency of the targeted agricultural services and indicate implications for policy improvement under the context of clear upward trend of agricultural production costs.
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Wang, Fulin, Ling Wu, and Fan Zhang. "Network Structure and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Spatial Correlation Network—A Study Based on Data from 30 Provinces in China." Symmetry 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111773.
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Based on the perspective of the value chain of agricultural science and technology innovation, in this paper, we divided the process of agricultural science and technology innovation into two stages: the Research and Development (R&D) of agricultural technology and the application of agricultural technology. We took the efficiency of agricultural science and technology innovation of the two stages as a comprehensive index measure for the development of agricultural science and technology innovation in China. On this basis, we used social network analysis to establish a two-stage spatial correlation network for the innovation development of agricultural science and technology in China. The spatial-temporal evolution trends, structural characteristics, and influencing factors of the network were analyzed from the three aspects of the overall, local, and individual network structure. The results show that: a. The development of agricultural science and technology innovation in China demonstrated a clear spatial correlation and spillover effect, and the spatial correlation network was in a connected state. b. The network had the distribution characteristics of ‘core-edge’ and strong stability, and the hierarchical structure of the members of each province in the network was gradually broken. c. The differences at the market level in agricultural science and technology, the differences in government support for agriculture, the geographically adjacent relationships, and the level of agricultural economic development were important factors affecting the spatial correlation of agricultural science and technology innovation. This study provides a policy reference to use a cross-regional coordinated development mechanism to solve the uneven and asymmetry problem of the distribution of elements in various regions in China.
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Wu, Liping, Kai Hu, Oleksii Lyulyov, Tetyana Pimonenko, and Ishfaq Hamid. "The Impact of Government Subsidies on Technological Innovation in Agribusiness: The Case for China." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 14003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114003.
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With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the promotion of agricultural and rural modernization, the subsidies enjoyed by agricultural enterprises in China are increasing. As a result, the effectiveness of government subsidies for the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises has attracted more and more attention. Based on the perspectives of the whole industry chain of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, and of processing, manufacturing, circulation, and service, this paper takes the listed agricultural companies from 2007 to 2019 as a research sample and empirically tests the effects and mechanisms of government subsidies on the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises. The study applies the fixed effect and intermediary effect models. The findings show that government subsidies potentially encourage agricultural enterprises to grow more successfully. Moreover, R&D expenditure is essential for enterprise technological innovation and leads to an intermediate impact. At the same time, government subsidies for the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises have a certain heterogeneity between different industries, state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, and large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, this study argues that the government should continue to raise subsidies. In addition, the subsidies should be “different from enterprise to enterprise”, and government subsidy funds should be better supervised to foster agricultural technological innovation properly.
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Gaudreau, Matthew. "State food security and people’s food sovereignty: competing visions of agriculture in China." Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement 40, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2017.1410470.
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Jiao, Xiao-qiang, Gang He, Zhen-ling Cui, Jian-bo Shen, and Fu-suo Zhang. "Agri-environment policy for grain production in China: toward sustainable intensification." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2017-0201.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical pattern of environmental cost due to grain production in China and to provide further implications of technologies and policies for the transformation of China’s agricultural development toward sustainable intensification. Design/methodology/approach The data sets about grain production, arable land and chemical fertilizer use in China were collected from FAO, NBSC, and IFA. Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated using life cycle assessments. The policies concerning grain production and the environment were collected from the Ministry of Agriculture, and the State Council of China. Findings China has produced enough food to feed its growing population, but has neglected the resource-environmental costs of grain production since 1978. Consequently, China’s grain production is always accompanied with a high cost of resource and environment sustainability. However, from 2006 to 2015, the growth rate of grain production has surpassed that of chemical fertilizer consumption, resulting in improvement in nutrient use efficiency and decreasing trends of environmental cost for grain production. This could be partially attributed to technology innovations, such as Soil-Testing and Fertilizer-Recommendations (STFR), soil quality and crop management improvement, and so on, and policy supports (policies of STFR, soil quality improvement, and high-yield construction). This indicated that China’s grain production is starting to transform from high-input and high-output model to “less for more.” Originality/value This study is the first to determine the detailed, historical role of technological innovation and agri-environmental policy on the sustainability of grain production in China. The findings should have significant implications for technology and policy for the transformation of China’s agriculture development to sustainable intensification.
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Lobachevskiy, Ya P., and A. S. Dorokhov. "Digital technologies and robotic devices in the agriculture." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 15, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-4-6-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The agricultural industry in the Russian Federation is dynamically developing; the agricultural export amounts to $ 25 billion. In other countries, in turn, this figure is much higher, for example, in China it has exceeded $ 75 billion. The existing potential can be realized if the efficiency of agricultural production is increased by creating and implementing automation, robotization, digital technologies, and artificial intelligence. As a result it may lead to a 2.5-3.5-fold increase in labor productivity; a 2-3-fold increase in the yield of crops; a 3-4-fold cut in energy consumption and material costs, ensuring the ecological safety of agricultural production and the environment. The authors developed the concept of intelligent agriculture and identified the following areas of digital technology applications: integrated production management; digital technologies in crop production, animal husbandry, energy supply, products storage and processing ; digital engineering for rural areas. The authors presented the stages of agricultural production digitalization, including: a system for monitoring the conditions and parameters of agricultural production; information transmission system; artificial intelligence and cloud technologies, setting the foundation for management decision-making; the implementation of management decisions by robotic devices. The authors presented the examples of using digital technologies in soil cultivation, horticulture, animal husbandry, and artificial ecosystems. In animal husbandry, these technologies prove to facilitate the monitoring of the animals movement, their physiological state, parameters of the microclimate on the premises, feed and milk quality control. The Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM is reported to have the necessary educational infrastructure, accredited Master’s and postgraduate studies for training specialists in digital agriculture.
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DÉMURGER, SYLVIE, and WEIYONG YANG. "Economic changes and afforestation incentives in rural China." Environment and Development Economics 11, no. 5 (October 2006): 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x06003160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper uses provincial macro-data from the mid 1980s onwards to investigate the determinants of land-use choice in rural China, by paying particular attention to the decision to plant trees as competing with agriculture. The evidence supports the importance of economic motivations in the afforestation decision. A profit-seeking behavior is found to be at stake in the decision to plant trees, which is made according to both the relative profitability of forestry against agriculture, and their relative risks. Afforestation is also found to strongly depend on the pressure upon land as well as on household wealth.
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Min, Qingwen, and Bitian Zhang. "Research Progress in the Conservation and Development of China-Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS)." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To cope with the problem of the global agricultural environment, food security, and the crisis of sustainable agricultural development, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), together with other relevant national organizations and several countries, launched the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in 2002. The Qingtian Rice-Fish system was designated as China’s first GIAHS and was included in the first batch of GIAHS pilot sites, in 2005. Since then, study of systematic agricultural heritage and its conservation and development has progressed in China. On the basis of a comprehensive collection of relevant studies, the author reviews the main achievements in conservation and development of China-Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS) over the past 15 years. At the present stage, the core contents of study on agricultural heritage are focused on two aspects. One is the benefit of exploration with multi-functional development. Another is dynamic conservation with adaptive management. There are many controversies around the concept and connotation of agricultural heritage, which, in turn, promote the understanding of this new type of heritage. The sustainable mechanism within agricultural heritage gives itself value diversity. Study about the value of agricultural heritage highlights the significance of conservation. The development of multi-functional industrials based on its multi-functional value is the pathway for the development of China-NIAHS, including the production of high-quality and characteristic local agricultural products, the development of ecotourism, and the development of cultural industries. To carry out dynamic conservation and adaptive management, the establishment of "five in one" benefit-sharing, multi-stakeholder mechanisms, legally guaranteed incentive mechanisms, government-leading, multi-financing mechanisms, and multi-disciplinary scientific support mechanisms are indispensable. Although China has made great progress in the study of agricultural heritage, it still needs to carry out additional research through heritage resources surveys, regular patterns of system evolution, and sustainable mechanisms, as well as perform more applicable research in framework and mechanism construction and paradigms of dynamic protection. Multidisciplinary comprehensive studies are necessary as well.
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Sukhodolov, Yakov. "Current State of Russo-Chinese Investment Cooperation." Russian and Chinese Studies 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2020.4(1).10-17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
China is traditionally a leading foreign trade partner of Russia. And its share in the total volume of foreign trade has a positive dynamics. At the same time, the dynamics of the Russo-Chinese investment cooperation sufficiently lags behind the dynamics of development of the Russo-Chinese foreign trade relations. At present, China considerably lags behind France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy in regard to direct investments in Russia’ economy. The major part of direct investments from China falls upon the mining and petrochemical industries, the wood and paper complex, the agriculture, and the real estate sphere. At the same time, the Chinese investors also implement several investment projects in the machine-building sphere. The Russo-Chinese cooperation has good prospects, especially in the sphere of implementing joint transport-logistic and infrastructural projects, as well as the projects in processing industry.