Дисертації з теми "Agricultural price policy"
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1
Aulton, Anneliese Julia. "A theoretical and econometric analysis of agricultural futures markets and the implications for agricultural policy reform." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318297.
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Ahmad, Zulfiqar. "Modelling the impact of agricultural policy at the farm level in the Punjab, Pakistan." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389368.
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Ortiz, Jaime. "The effects of agricultural price policies on the funding of agricultural research : Chile 1960-1988 /." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10192006-115603/.
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Gray, James Katon. "The Groundnut Market in Senegal: Examination of Price and Policy Changes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28143.
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The Government of Senegal is attempting to liberalize the groundnut market. In the past, this market was highly regulated with government-set producer prices, groundnut oil processing mills owned by parastatals, and requirements that all groundnuts be sold to these quasi-governmental organizations. In recent years, these rules are being relaxed, and farmers are allowed to sell groundnuts on the open market. However, farmers continue to sell most of their groundnuts, as before, to the mills.
This study attempts to shed light on the effects of this market liberalization. First, an attempt is made to provide estimates of the farmers' short-run output supply and input demand responses to price changes. A quadratic profit function model is estimated using data collected for the current study and a similar dataset collected by Akobundu [1997]. Second, a quadratic programming model is used to examine the effects of eliminating pan-territorial prices. Results indicate that the elimination of the pan-territorial price system will have an overall benefit to Senegalese society. However, as expected, groundnut producers in areas remote from the groundnut oil processing mills would face lower prices. The effects on producers and consumers in the major producing regions, however, were found to be minimal.
Finally, the dissertation provides an extensive description of the economic activities of small-scale farm households in Senegalâ s Groundnut Basin. Differences between males and females and between household heads and other males in the household are also examined. Although females are not as involved in groundnut production, they do not seem to face discrimination in either the official or the open market.
The description of the situation facing small-scale farmers provided in this dissertation is not encouraging. The quantity and timing of the rains in the Groundnut Basin add an unwelcome uncertainty to farming. Increases in population are adding pressure to the environment and are placing heavy demands on wood and grazing lands. Only eight percent of the farmers had groundnut seed multiplication ratios less than one, and sixty-seven percent had ratios less than five.
The dissertation also indicates that farmers are not producing enough to feed their families. Fewer than twelve percent of the households produce a caloric surplus. Sixty percent produced less than fifty percent of their caloric needs. The study indicates that farmers are not earning enough from agricultural production to take care of normal expenses throughout the year. Thus, when combined with uncertain rains and a worsening environment, the farmers have little margin of safety. Therefore, any government policies affecting groundnut production in particular or agricultural production in general should take into account the situation already facing the farmers.Ph. D.
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Malik, Shahnawaz. "A study of rural poverty in Pakistan with special reference to agricultural price policy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.734188.
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Ruano, Lorena. "Institutions, the Common Agricultural Policy, and the European Community's enlargement to Spain, 1977-1986." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:373a1b83-4ec7-4e81-b270-898729a5bafc.
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Why did EC enlargement negotiations with Spain take so long? This thesis argues that agricultural issues dominated negotiations despite the political and strategic aims of stabilizing Western Europe's southern flank that underpinned the raison d'être of this enlargement. The framework of Historical New Institutionalism is used to argue that several 'biases' operating at three levels account for the length and nature of these negotiations. At the first level, the 'bilateral' format of the negotiation procedure between Spain and the EC favoured existing EC members and protected the acquis communautaire. The Community's negotiating positions, as bargains in themselves, tended to be inflexible, and reduced Spain's input in the discussions and in the agenda-setting process. At the EC level, the CAP exhibited an unusual capacity to withstand the changes required by enlargement. This was because the EC's decisionmaking structure was fragmented into sectors and levels which allowed a closely knit 'policy community' to run the CAP in a way that was relatively insulated from other issue-areas. Change in the CAP occurred to cope with enlargement, but in a path-dependent way, passing the cost of adaptation on to Spain. At the national level, member states' so-called national interests with regard to enlargement were mixed, with no clear priority, and conflicting sectoral views. This resulted from the mechanisms of interest intermediation and inter-departmental co-ordination, which shaped the formulation and representation of national views in Brussels. Spain's accession was finally made possible when new redistributive policies for the Mediterranean and fresh budgetary resources were agreed. These were approved as part the wider package-deals surrounding the Single Market project and the Single European Act. HNI provides a new and persuasive framework with which to understand the difficulties of institutional change associated with enlargement negotiations.
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Asgari, Mahdi. "THE IMPACT OF BIOFUEL POLICIES ON OVERSHOOTING OF AGRICULTURAL PRICES." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/67.
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The Federal Reserve has increased nominal interest rates since early 2016. It is expected that commodity prices will drop in response to this monetary intervention. The overshooting hypothesis explains that commodity prices are more flexible than manufacturing prices and therefore are more volatile. In this situation, it is expected that agricultural commodities decline significantly (i.e., overshoot) and gradually return to their long-run equilibrium. This adjustment behavior has implications for income stability and financial viability of farmers.
This research contributes to the overshooting literature by including the energy sector in the overshooting model. The interlinks between energy and other sectors in the economy as well as the vast resource allocation to biofuel production in recent decades demand more attention to the impact of energy on the dynamic adjustment path of relative prices’ reaction to monetary shocks. We assume energy prices have independent adjustment path and include the links between the energy and agricultural sectors through biofuel production in our model. Our theoretical model shows that by including energy prices in the model, agricultural prices and the exchange rate overshoot less than the prediction of prior studies. This happens because we expect that flexible energy prices share the burden of the shock with other flexible prices in the model. We also describe how an increasing share of biofuels in the total fuel consumption will reduce the flexibility of energy prices.
In our empirical analysis, we use monthly data from January 1975 to December 2017 for three producer price indexes (i.e., agricultural commodities, energy, and industrial goods), exchange rates, and money supply to test the overshooting hypothesis. We found the series to be nonstationary and cointegrated of the order one, I(1). Thus, we estimated a vector error correction model to identify the short run adjustment parameters while maintaining the long-run relationships between the variables. We identify and control for three possible structural breaks in the data that coincide with two economic crises and the biofuel production era. We also estimated the empirical model using a sub-sample from January 1975 to March 1999 and compared the results with the findings in previous studies.
Our empirical results confirm the theoretical expectation that agricultural commodities adjust faster than manufacturing prices. The analysis of the impulse response functions shows that after a money supply shock, agricultural prices were the most responsive, followed by energy prices and exchange rates. In both full sample and the sub-sample, the volatility of prices and exchange rates happen during the first 5 to 10 months. The sluggish adjustment of manufacturing prices was evident from the corresponding impulse response functions.
The empirical evidence rejects the long-run money neutrality, consistent with the findings of previous empirical studies. Compared to previous models, our empirical model shows that including energy prices will reduce the extent to which agricultural commodities overshoot. Therefore we expect the disturbances to the farm income variability, in response to monetary policy, to be less than what prior model would have estimated. In this regard, energy prices are a stabilizing factor in this model. We find that increased share of biofuel from total fuel consumption would positively affect the overshooting of agricultural prices. So, higher biofuel mandates could reduce the flexibility of the energy prices and therefore have an adverse effect on the farm price stability.
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Vandegrift, Shia-Lu Chu. "Impact of government regulation on the dairy industry in the United States." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040601/.
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Romero-Aguilar, Randall Stace. "Essays on the World Food Crisis: A Quantitative Economics Assessment of Policy Options." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437710342.
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Nemati, Mehdi. "ESSAYS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND POLICY." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/66.
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Environmental goals such as urban water conservation and pollution control regulations are typically achieved through price and non-price methods. This dissertation offers an analysis of the non-price approaches, including the rationing of water for particular users, installation of particular technologies, and adoption of particular certifications to achieve environmental goals. To begin, an analysis of California’s 2015 urban water conservation mandate was performed. Results indicate that the average welfare loss of the mandate is $6,107 per acre-foot of restriction in Northern California and $2,757 per acre-foot of restriction in Southern California. In terms of monthly household-level willingness-to-pay (WTP) to avoid the mandate, results illustrate that households have a WTP between $5 and $200 per month. Northern Californian utilities were generally in compliance with their mandated conservation targets, while Southern Californian utilities tended to fall short. The second essay focuses on analyzing how web-based Home Water Use Reports (HWURs) affect household-level water consumption in Folsom City, California. The HWURs under study, offered by the company Dropcountr (DC), share social comparisons, consumption analytics, and conservation information to residential accounts, primarily through digital communications. We found that there is a 7.8% reduction in average daily household water consumption for a typical household under treatment of the DC program. Results suggest that the effect of DC varies by the baseline consumption quintile, the number of months in the program, the day of the week, message type, and enrollment wave. Furthermore, we find that indicate these responses to DC program likely come from the information channel rather than moral suasion. The final essay studies the effectiveness of ISO-14001 on pollution reduction as a non-price pollution control approach. Manufacturers have been increasingly relying on environmental management systems (such as ISO 14001 based ones) to comply with government regulations and reduce waste. In this essay, we investigated the impact of ISO 14001 certification on manufacturers’ toxic release by release level. Results show that ISO 14001 had a negative and statistically significant effect on the top 10% manufacturing sites regarding the on-site toxic release, but it did not reduce off-site toxic release. Therefore, one should not expect ISO 14001 to have a uniform impact on manufacturing sites’ environmental performance. For large firms, encouraging voluntary adoption of ISO 14001 might be an effective government strategy to reduce on-site pollution.
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Monge-Arino, Francisco Antonio. "Decoupled payments and agricultural output a dynamic optimization model for a credit-constrained farming household /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181821956.
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12
Bragagnolo, Cassiano. "Análise do armazenamento de arroz no Brasil sob condições de incerteza através de um modelo dinâmico de expectativas racionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-21082006-163407/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o armazenamento do arroz no Brasil, propondo modelos para tomada de decisão quanto à formação de estoques. Uma vez conhecidos estes modelos é possível analisar previamente as intervenções pretendidas pelo governo. Para tanto se partiu da hipótese de que é possível representar o mercado de arroz no Brasil através de um modelo dinâmico de expectativas racionais capaz de captar o efeito da importação do produto e de algumas políticas de sustentação de preço ao produtor adotadas pelo governo brasileiro. A proposta metodológica para a estimação do modelo segue a abordagem de programação dinâmica. Foram desenvolvidos algoritmos que representam o mercado de arroz no Brasil em uma situação de mercado fechado sem intervenção do governo, mercado aberto sem intervenção do governo, mercado fechado com intervenção do governo via Prêmio de Escoamento do Produto - PEP, mercado fechado com intervenção do governo via Aquisição do Governo Federal - AGF mercado aberto com intervenção do governo via PEP, mercado aberto com intervenção do governo via AGF. Os métodos utilizados para solução exigem que sejam conhecidos as funções de demanda e oferta de área, o custo unitário de armazenamento, a taxa anual de juros, a distribuição de probabilidades das variáveis aleatórias (produtividade e choques de demanda) e os preços de importação e mínimos (quando for o caso). Os preços esperados de mercado na situação de mercado aberto com intervenção via PEP foram ligeiramente inferiores ao preço de mercado sem intervenção, porém o preço recebido pelo agricultor foi ligeiramente maior. Isto significa que parte dos recursos da PEP é apropriada pelo produtor e parte pela indústria. Os resultados do modelo aberto com AGF demonstram que os preços para o comprador ficam acima do encontrado para o modelo sem intervenção do governo. Outro resultado encontrado foi que o nível de preços mínimos praticado nos últimos anos não tem sido suficientemente elevado a ponto de promover mudanças significativas no equilíbrio de mercado interno.The aim of this study was to analyze rice storage in Brazil, proposing a model for decision taking regarding stock formation. Once these models are known it is possible to previously analyze the government interventions. Thus, the study was based on the hypothesis that it is possible to represent the rice market in Brazil through a dynamic model of rational expectations able to analyze the product importation effect and some policies of price support to the producer adopted by the Brazilian government. The methodological proposal for estimating the model follows the dynamic programming approach. It was developed algorithms which represent the rice market in Brazil in a situation of closed market without the government intervention, open market without government intervention, closed market with the government intervention through PEP (Prêmio de Escoamento do Produto Prize for Product Outletting), closed market with the government intervention through AGF (Aquisição do Governo Federal Federal Government Acquisition), open market with the government intervention through PEP, open market with government intervention through AGF. The methods used for the solution require that it be known the demand and supply functions for the area, the unit storage cost, the annual interest rate, the distribution of probabilities of random variables (productivity and demand shocks), importation and minimum (whenever is the case) prices. The expected market prices in the situation of open market with intervention through PEP were slightly lower than to the market price without intervention, however the price received by the grower was a little higher. It means that part of the PEP resources is allotted by the grower and part by the industry. The results of the open model with AGF show that the prices for the buyer are higher than those found in the model without government intervention. Another result was that the level of minimum prices practiced over the last years has not been adjusted to the point to promote significant changes in the balance of the domestic market.
13
Cardoso, Eliana A. "Inflation, growth and the real exchange rate essays on economic history in Brazil and Latin America, 1850-1983 /." New York : Garland, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15549855.html.
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Rahal, Clea Santos. "A evolução dos preços da terra no Estado de São Paulo: análise de seus determinantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-11072003-150843/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabalho tem o intuito de analisar quais foram os determinantes dos preços de venda e de arrendamento da terra de cultura de primeira e de pastagem no estado de São Paulo, de 1969 a 2001. Além disso, procura-se mostrar que os preços de venda da terra de diferentes categorias e em diferentes estados estão relacionados. Conforme a teoria econômica, o preço da terra deveria refletir o fluxo de receitas que essa terra pode gerar, descontado a uma determinada taxa de juro. Contudo, a literatura argumenta que em diversos momentos na economia brasileira, especialmente nas décadas de 70, 80 e início de 90, os determinantes do preço da terra foram além da taxa de juro e do fluxo de receitas gerado pelo ativo. A determinação do preço da terra contemplou também variáveis indiretamente relacionadas ao processo produtivo, como o nível de atividade econômica e a taxa de inflação. Tendo sido analisadas as diversas referências sobre os determinantes dos preços da terra, foram selecionadas variáveis de interesse micro e macroeconômico para compor os modelos econométricos de determinação dos preços de terra de cultura de primeira, terra de pastagem, arrendamento para culturas e aluguel de pasto para animais. A ferramenta econométrica utilizada foi a regressão linear múltipla. As variáveis selecionadas que estão diretamente ligadas ao setor agrícola foram: poder de compra do agricultor, índice de paridade, índices de preços recebidos e de preços pagos pelos produtores e volume de subsídio concedido através do crédito rural. A fim de representar o ambiente macroeconômico, foram estimadas: a taxa de inflação anual vigente no período, uma proxy para o hiato do produto, taxa de juro e infra-estrutura governamental (representada pela extensão total das rodovias pavimentadas e não pavimentadas do estado de São Paulo). Construiu-se ainda uma variável binária com o intuito de verificar se houve um deslocamento significativo no nível de preços de venda e de arrendamento de terra de cultura e de pastagem, no período de 1973 a 1994. Procurou-se ainda verificar se existe relação entre os preços de venda da terra de diferentes categorias, dentro do estado de São Paulo e de algumas categorias deste estado com outras do Centro-Sul do país. Para tanto foram utilizados os testes econométricos de raiz unitária (metodologia proposta por Dickey e Fuller) e de co-integração (segundo a metodologia proposta por Johansen). Dos resultados obtidos, constata-se a que tanto os preços da venda de terra como os preços de arrendamento (para cultura e para pastagem) foram mais elásticos às variáveis relacionadas à atividade agrícola (poder de compra, termos de troca, etc) em detrimento das variáveis macroeconômicas e do crédito rural. Ressalta-se ainda que a variável binária foi significativa nos modelos de determinação dos preços de venda de terra para culturas, para pastagem e também nos de arrendamento, para as duas categorias em questão. Os resultados dos testes de raiz unitária e de co-integração suportaram as evidências empíricas de que os preços de diferentes tipos de terra, em diferentes regiões, estão relacionados. A explanação destes resultados emerge de dois lados: da demanda por terras com a finalidade agrícola e da demanda por terras para fins especulativos. Esses resultados estão de acordo com algumas das diversas referências sobre os determinantes dos preços da terra analisadas.This dissertation has the intention to determine the price of land (for both crop and pasture land), land rent (again for crop and pasture land), in Sao Paulo State, from 1969 to 2001. Besides that, it has the intention of showing that prices of different categories and of different States are related. According to the economic theory, land price should be the income present value calculated, considering a specific interest rate. However, literature has shown that in different moments in the Brazilian economy, especially in the 70ies, 80ies and early 90ies, there were other determinants of land price, apart from income and interest rate. Land price is also determined by others indirect variables, such as economic activity and inflation. The study has selected several variables (micro and macroeconomics) to determine its relevance in explaining crop and pasture land prices and rents. The econometrical tool used was multiple linear regression. Variables related to agriculture were: purchasing power, terms of trade, product and factor prices (index), and governmental loan subsidies. In order to represent macroeconomic variables, the work has chosen four different determinants: inflation rate, infrastructure (roads), interest rate and GDP gap. A dummy variable was taken to verify whether crop and pasture land prices have changed significantly over 1973 to 1994. Another objective considered was to verify crop and pasture land long run relation between Sao Paulo State and eight different States. The study also analyses long run relation among prices of four different land categories. To do so, it used unit root tests (proposed by Dickey and Fuller) and cointegration tests (according to Johansen´s methodology). Results have shown that land price and rent are more elastic to agricultural related variables (purchasing power, terms of trade, etc). Although it has been determined that variables affects land prices and rent, its effects are much lower than agricultural ones. The dummy variable has shown to be statistically significant in several models. Unit root and cointegration tests supported empirical evidences that different kind of land price have similar pattern of movement. Also, same kind if land have similar behavior among different states. These results are due to factors related to land demand for agriculture and land demand for speculative purposes. Results supported evidences raised by several researchers surveyed in this study.
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Mello, Juvenir de. "Análise da dinâmica dos preços das terras rurais do município de Francisco Beltrão-PR." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/2990.
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The dissertation analyzes determinants of price dynamics of agricultural land in Francisco Beltrão-PR from 2000 to 2015. The price data of these lands were acquired from information of the Department of Rural Economy of the State of Paraná (DERAL) and interview. Starting with the historical process of formation of the Southwest region of Paraná, since lands titration until its respective valorization. The price of agricultural land are determined by a juncture of factors that are related in local, national and international scales. Because of specific attributes that the Brazilian land market possesses, it is considered that each site holds specific elements to get to the final pricing. The advent of the modernization process is also studied, since the state programs to promote the agricultural development, the financial credits and the impacts of economic policies on the land market through the past four decades. In conclusion, the idea is to analyze land prices of different rural communities of Francisco Beltrão, synthesizing the acquired dada between the properties, rated prices, developed activities and the characteristics of the ground.
A dissertação analisa os determinantes da dinâmica dos preços da terra agrícola no município de Francisco Beltrão-PR, no período entre 2000-2015. Os dados dos preços destas terras foram obtidos a partir de informações do Departamento de Economia Rural do Estado do Paraná (DERAL) e de entrevistas. Partimos do processo histórico de formação da região Sudoeste do Paraná, desde a titulação das terras até sua respectiva valorização. Os preços das terras agrícolas são determinados por uma conjuntura de fatores que se relacionam em escalas locais, nacionais e internacionais. Em virtude das especificidades que o mercado de terra brasileiro possui, consideramos que cada local detém elementos específicos para chegar a precificação final. Também adentramos ao advento do processo de modernização da agricultura, desde os programas do Estado para fomentar o desenvolvimento agrícola, créditos financeiros e os impactos das políticas econômicas no mercado de terra ao longo dos últimos quinze anos. Por fim buscamos analisar os preços de terras entre as diferentes comunidades rurais do município de Francisco Beltrão, sintetizando os dados obtidos entre as propriedades, preços avaliados, atividades desenvolvidas e as características de solos.
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Nolte, Stephan-Alfons. "The future of the world sugar market." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15758.
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Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen verschiedener Politikoptionen auf den Weltzuckermarkt. Dazu wird ein räumliches Preisgleichgewichtsmodell wie von Takayama und Judge vorgeschlagen mit hoher Abdeckung von Regionen und Politiken erstellt. Der Vorteil dieses Modelltyps gegenüber den in bisherigen Analysen verwendeten besteht in seiner Fähigkeit, die Annahme der Ursprungshomogenität (im Gegensatz zu Modellen, die auf dem Armington Ansatz basieren) mit der Möglichkeit zu kombinieren, bilaterale Handelsströme explizit abzubilden. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil ist die quasi-normative Natur des Ansatzes. Nach der Einführung wird zunächst in Kapitel zwei der Weltzuckermarkt detailliert beschrieben und von anderen Agrarmärkten abgegrenzt sowie die Anforderungen an ein Gleichgewichtsmodell des Weltzuckermarktes diskutiert. Dann wird im dritten Kapitel eine Übersicht über verschiedene in der Vergangenheit verwendete Modellansätze gegeben und deren Ergebnisse ausgewertet. Im vierten Kapitel wird ein Überblick die theoretische Entwicklung des Modellansatzes gegeben und schließlich das in der Dissertation verwendete Modell beschrieben. Das Modell umfasst 104 Zucker produzierende und 90 Zucker konsumierende Regionen. Nationale Handels- und Agrarpolitiken sowie eine Vielzahl regionaler und präferentieller Handelsabkommen sind im Modell berücksichtigt. Im zweiten Teil von Kapitel vier wird eine Analyse von vier Szenarien mit dem Modell durchgeführt. Diese umfassen eine Fortführung gegenwärtiger Politiken, ein WTO Abkommen, eine einseitige Liberalisierung des Zuckermarktes der EU sowie eine Liberalisierung der Zuckermärkte aller im Modell vertretenen Länder. Im Abschlusskapitel werden einige Kernergebnisse zusammengefasst und eine Weiterentwicklung des Ansatzes diskutiert. Hier wird insbesondere auf das Problem der Quasi-Normativität eingegangen.The Dissertation at hand investigates the effects of different policy options on the world sugar market. A Spatial Price Equilibrium Model as suggested by Takayama and Judge is established. This model type has one considerable advantage over previously ap-plied types which is its ability to combine the assumption of homogeneous goods regardless of origin (as opposed to Armington-based models) with the possibility to model bilateral trade flows explicitly. One major drawback of the approach is that is behaves in part like a normative model. After the introductory chapter, a detailed description of the world sugar market and how it distinguishes from markets for other agricultural commodities is given. In this frame-work requirements of a valid equilibrium model of the world sugar market are discussed. In the third chapter various studies of the world sugar market based on equilibrium models are surveyed. In the chapter four the development of the approach of spatial equilibrium modeling finally the model applied in this dissertation are described The model covers 104 sugar pro-ducing and 90 sugar consuming regions. National agricultural and trade policies as well as numerous regional and preferential trade agreements are accounted for. In the second part of chapter four, four scenarios are simulated with the model. These are a reference scenario in which current policies are maintained, a WTO agreement, a unilateral liberalization of sugar policies on the part of the EU as well as a multilateral liberalization of the sugar markets of all countries. In the final chapter, some core results are summarized and further development of the applied approach especially possible solutions for the problem of quasi-normativity are dis-cussed.
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Elmi, Osman Sed. "Agricultural prices and supply response in tropical Africa." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55492.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this thesis is to examine price performance, and estimate the aggregate export and food crop output response to output price and non-price variables in tropical Africa and its four main agro-climatic regions. The analysis of real producer prices indicates that there are more countries that exhibited a statistically significant decrease in real producer prices than a significant increase. Moreover, nominal protection coefficient analysis shows that African crop exporters, on average, received a small proportion (50 to 60 percent) of border prices. Using pooled cross-section and time series data, a partial adjustment model was then specified to estimate agricultural export and food output response. The results show that aggregate agricultural export and food supply responses to output prices in tropical Africa are both positive and significant but inelastic. The price elasticity for the export crop output in Tropical Africa is 0.02 in the short run and 0.04 in the long run, and for the food crop output 0.05 in the short-run and 0.07 in the long-run. The responsiveness of agriculture varies, however, across the main agro-climatic regions in tropical Africa. The estimated coefficient of the price variable and price elasticity estimates regions reveal that producers in the Eastern and Southern Africa, and Western Africa regions were responsive to price incentives, while producers in the semi-arid Sudano Sahel and Central Africa regions were not. The trend variable, as proxy of technology, is positive and significant in most regions, suggesting that the provision of non-price factors along with favourable price incentives, could be very effective in raising agricultural production in these regions.
18
Trindade, Graca Maria dos Santos 1955. "Yield risk in wheat production: A policy study for the Alentejo of Portugal." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291887.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study attempts to determine whether or not Portuguese wheat policies have resulted in a stabilization of the wheat price and/or the stabilization of income for wheat growers in the Alentejo region. It was found that these policies have contributed to a stabilization of price rather than a stabilization of income. It was also found that the income variability caused by yield variability was greater for the Alentejo farmers than that for the country as a whole. Weather uncertainties measured by rainfall were found to be a major source of that variability in both area and yield equations. Therefore, it was concluded that rainfall is significant in explaining variations in wheat supply and cannot be eliminated from the model specification. Finally, this study looked at a policy that would stabilize output returns to Alentejo farmers since high yield variability will continue to constrain farmers' willingness to invest in wheat production. An insurance program may be the policy to implement in this region since yield risks are the predominant source of income variability. However, the cost of financing an agricultural insurance scheme as well as the delineation of homogeneous areas are crucial determinants to the success of an all-risk insurance program.
19
Zhang, Wendong. "Three Essays on Land Use, Land Management, and Land Values in the Agro-Ecosystem." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437656707.
Повний текст джерела
20
Rupp, Magnus. "Direct payment subsidies and the impact on farm land prices: a cross-country comparative evaluation." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Mykel Taylor
Agriculture subsidization policies have a long history and have been criticized, reformed and heavily discussed multiple times over the last centuries. However, most countries in the world use farm subsidies as a policy instrument and spend billions every year. Especially highly developed and wealthy countries seem to have a tendency to subsidize production agriculture and the agricultural industry. The objective of this thesis is to improve understanding of the impact direct payments or subsidies may have on farm land values via farmers paying higher dollars for ground they rent and capitalization of those higher rents. Analysis is done by comparing the allocation of subsidy dollars from the Common Agricultural Policy on two wheat farms in Germany and Czech Republic, which are member countries of the European Union, to wheat farms in the United States and Australia, countries with relatively lower subsidy levels. Data for the farms include their cost structures, total revenues, and total direct payments. Comparisons of their relative land values and rental rates paid will provide evidence to test the hypothesis that direct subsidies are likely to increase land values. Based on the economic costs of production for the farms in Germany and Czech Republic, the value of land is not necessarily the residual claimant for the direct payments paid out through Europe’s Common Agricultural Policy. Possible explanations for this include restrictions on farmland use and farmland ownership structures held over in former communist countries where farms were owned by the state. These factors are likely to affect potential farmland owners’ perceptions of property rights and their willingness to pay a full market value for land.
21
Feichtinger, Paul [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Salhofer, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Hofreither. "The Influence of the EU Common Agricultural Policy on Agricultural Land Prices / Paul Feichtinger. Gutachter: Klaus Salhofer ; Markus Hofreither. Betreuer: Klaus Salhofer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1057000639/34.
Повний текст джерела
22
Feichtinger, Paul [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Salhofer, and Markus F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hofreither. "The Influence of the EU Common Agricultural Policy on Agricultural Land Prices / Paul Feichtinger. Gutachter: Klaus Salhofer ; Markus Hofreither. Betreuer: Klaus Salhofer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20140630-1210055-0-7.
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23
Masgonty, Frank. "L'avènement du droit rural mondial, du global au local à travers les activités vitivinicoles en France et la prise en compte de l'environnement." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40045/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La décennie 1990-2000 voit aboutir un long processus économique, politique et technique en oeuvredepuis 40 ans. L'effondrement du bloc soviétique, l'avènement des pays à bas salaires et à capacitéstechnologiques et la mise en place de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce, en sont les fruits.L'OMC aborde tous les domaines commerciaux. L'agriculture et les activités vitivinicolesspécialement n'y échappent pas. Une politique agricole mondiale est mise en place. Un véritable droitrural mondial l'accompagne. Le droit rural européen et le droit rural français exposent par leurstransformations successives la prise en compte des exigences du droit rural mondial.Protectrices de l'espace les activités vitivinicoles sont parfois polluantes du fait de fléaux biologiquesimportés en France par le commerce international. Favorisant la protection de l'environnement lorsd'appuis publics, le droit rural mondial amène les activités vitivinicoles françaises à transformer leurslogiques d'actions environnementales, économiques et commercialesThe decade 1990-2000 saw the conclusion of a long economic, political and technical process takingplace over the past 40 years. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the emergence of countries with cheaplabour and technological abilities, and the creation of the World Trade Organisation, are the results.The WTO covers all commercial fields. In particular, agriculture and wine-growing activities areaffected. A worldwide agricultural policy has been implemented, accompanied by a real worldwiderural legislation. A series of modifications in European rural law and French rural law show evidenceof taking into account the demands of worldwide rural legislation.Although they conserve the open countryside, wine-growing activities may be polluting, due to thebiological scourges imported into France by international trade. Opting for environmental protectionwith the support of public opinion, worldwide countryside legislation encourages French winegrowersto change their viewpoints in their environmental, economic and commercial policies
24
Meyer, Ferdinand. "Model closure and price formation under switching grain market regimes in South Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12082006-105715.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (D.Phil.(Agricultural Economics, Extension, and Rural Development))--University of Pretoria, 2006.Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
25
Van, Rooyen Jonathan. "Land reform in South Africa: effects on land prices and productivity." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002721.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
South Africa’s land redistribution policy (1994-2008) has been widely publicised, and has come under scrutiny of late from the public, private and government spheres, highlighting a need for research in this area. The research examines progress in South Africa’s land redistribution programme in two of KwaZulu-Natal’s district municipalities, Uthungulu and iLembe. Specifically the research investigates whether the government has paid above market prices when purchasing sugarcane farmland for redistribution in these districts. Moreover, it is illustrated how productivity on redistributed farms has been affected with the changes in ownership. To investigate the research questions, reviews of theories pertaining to property rights, land reform and market structures were conducted. Moreover, two cases studies were conducted in the districts of Uthungulu and iLembe, with assistance from the Department of Land Affairs, Inkezo Land Company and the South African Cane Growers Association. The case study data indicate that above ordinary market prices have been paid (2004-2006) by the government for sugarcane farmland in the districts concerned, and further that productivity has been negatively impacted ‘during’ and ‘post‘ transfer, in the majority of cases.
26
Guimarães, Vania di Addario. "Análise do armazenamento de milho no Brasil com um modelo dinâmico de expectativas racionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-12042004-155246/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o mercado de milho no Brasil, sob a nova política de preços agrícolas, especificamente através do mecanismo de Prêmio para Escoamento de Produto (PEP) adotada na segunda metade da década de 90. Foram desenvolvidos modelos para representar o mercado brasileiro já que a literatura voltada para estes estudos não continha nenhum modelo adequado à situação brasileira. Os modelos destacam o papel dos estoques entre anos safra sobre o equilíbrio do mercado considerando ainda a possibilidade de importar e exportar. Foram estimadas funções de demanda para consumo e oferta de área plantada para milho no Brasil, obtidos os valores médios históricos, para o período de 1986 a 2000, do custo de armazenamento físico por tonelada, do preço médio do milho no mercado internacional representado pela Bolsa de Chicago, do custo médio de importação/exportação do produto tendo como referência uma distância média de 300 Km até o porto. A taxa de juros utilizada foi de 12% ao ano. Estas funções e parâmetros serviram de base para a estimação dos modelos dinâmicos de expectativas racionais, através de programação dinâmica estocástica e aproximações das funções de preço esperado e área plantada através de polinômios. Foram também desenvolvidos os algoritmos para a estimação dos modelos e todos os cálculos realizados em planilha eletrônica. Foram construídos quatro modelos para o mercado de milho partindo de uma situação de mercado fechado ao comércio exterior sem intervenção do governo; mercado fechado com intervenção através de PEP; mercado aberto ao comércio exterior sem intervenção do governo e mercado aberto com intervenção. Este último modelo representa o mercado de milho no Brasil no final da década de 90. Foram obtidas as políticas ótimas de armazenamento para os quatro modelos e então, realizadas 2500 simulações para uma seqüência de 10 anos para cada modelo. Duas variáveis exógenas aleatórias do modelo são os choques de oferta (produtividade aleatória) e de demanda. O preço de equilíbrio, o volume consumido, o estoque de um ano para o outro e os volumes exportados ou importados são variáveis endógenas, ou seja, resultados da estimação do modelo. A partir dos valores simulados foram calculadas as médias de longo prazo para as variáveis endógenas em cada modelo que foram, então, comparadas entre si. Os resultados mostram que a abertura do mercado transfere para o comércio exterior o papel de amortecedor de choques de oferta e demanda internos que, no caso de mercados fechados, é desempenhado pelos estoques de produtos entre anos safra. Os resultados sugerem que, dependendo dos valores relativos entre o preço mínimo e o preço de paridade de exportação, a política de subsídio pode levar o país à condição de exportador.Dynamic rational expectation storage models were developed to represent the Brazilian corn market in the late 90s. In theses years the Brazilian agricultural price policy changed from a buffer stock scheme to a producer price subsidy (Prêmio para Escoamento de Produto PEP) and the Brazilian market was open to international trade. Any model in the existing literature was not able to represent the Brazilian corn market conditions. Acreage supply and consumption demand functions for corn the were estimated, as well as average values from 1986 to 2000 of annual storage cost, export and import prices, based on Chicago Board of Trade quotes. The annual interest rate was 12%. These functions and parameters were used to estimate the dynamic rational expectation models, through stochastic dynamic programming. The expected price and planted area functions were approximated by a fourth degree polynomial. The necessary algorithms were developed and results obtained using worksheets. Four models were estimated beginning with the situation of closed economy with no government intervention; closed economy with intervention through a producer price subsidy; open economy with no government intervention and open economy with intervention through a producer price subsidy. The optimal storage policies or storage rules for each model were obtained and used to generate 2.500 simulations of a 10 years path for each model. In these models, equilibrium price, consumption, storage and imports/exports are endogenous variables. Stochastic yields and demand shocks are exogenous variables. The long run means of the endogenous variables were calculated from the simulations and compared among models. The results show that with open markets, exports and imports play the role of shocks absorbers, played by storage in closed economies. Results suggest that the producer price subsidy policy may lead the country to be an exporter, depending on the relative values between minimum price and export price at the cost of ever increasing government expenditures.
27
Saint-Cyr, Legrand Dunold Fils. "Prise en compte de l’hétérogénéité inobservée des exploitations agricoles dans la modélisation du changement structurel : illustration dans le cas de la France." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARE043/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le changement structurel en agriculture suscite beaucoup d’intérêt de la part des économistes agricoles ainsi que des décideurs politiques. Pour prendre en compte l’hétérogénéité du comportement des agriculteurs, une approche par les modèles de mélange de chaînes de Markov est appliquée pour la première fois en économie agricole pour analyser ce processus. La performance de cette approche est d’abord testée en utilisant une forme simplifiée du modèle, puis sa forme générale est appliquée pour étudier l’impact de certaines mesures de politique agricole. Pour identifier les principaux canaux d’interdépendance entre exploitations voisines dans les processus du changement structurel, une approche de mélange non-Markovienne a été appliquée pour modéliser la survie et l’agrandissement des exploitations agricolesTrois principales conclusions découlent de cette thèse. Tout d’abord, la prise en compte de l’hétérogénéité dans les processus de transition des exploitations agricoles permet de mieux représenter le changement structurel et conduit à des prédictions plus précises de la distribution des exploitations, comparé aux modèles généralement utilisés jusqu’ici. Deuxièmement, l’impact des principaux facteurs du changement structurel dépend lui aussi des types non-observables d’exploitations mis en évidence. Enfin, le cadre du modèle de mélange permet également de révéler différents types de relations inobservées entre exploitations voisines qui contribuent au changement structurel observé à un niveau global ou régionalStructural change in farming has long been the subject of considerable interest among agricultural economists and policy makers. To account for heterogeneity in farmers’ behaviours, a mixture Markov modelling framework is applied to analyse this process for the first time in agricultural economics. The performance of this approach is first investigated using a restrictive form of the model, and its general form is then applied to study the impact of some drivers of structural change, including agricultural policy measures. To identify channels through which interdependency between neighbouring farms arises in this process, the mixture modelling approach is applied to analyse both farm survival and farm growth. The main conclusions of this thesis are threefoldFirstly, accounting for the generally unobserved heterogeneity in the transition process of farms allows better representing structural change in farming and leads to more accurate predictions of farm-size distributions than the models usually used so far. Secondly, the impacts of the main drivers of structural change themselves depend on the specific unobservable farm types which are revealed by the model. Lastly, the mixture modelling approach enables identifying different unobserved relationships between neighbouring farms that contributes to the structural change observed at an aggregate or regional level
28
Chen, Chun-Hao, and 陳君豪. "The Impact of Agricultural Price Stabilization Policy on Agricultural Prices and Stocks." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92844075803298481901.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士逢甲大學
經濟學所
92
由於農業生產深受季節、氣溫、雨量等自然因素的影響，加以農產品供需彈性偏低，一旦市場受到相關因素的干擾，易造成農產品的價格波動程度較非農產品的價格波動程度為大，而農產品價格的不穩定對農民與消費者雙方而言，非但造成相當程度的困擾，亦對經濟整體帶來福利上之損失；因此，各國農政當局向來關注於「如何達成穩定農產品價格」之相關議題。 本文探討以穩定市場價格為目的之農產品價格政策－設立農產品價格目標區，分析當政府以調整平準實物或變動貨幣供給來干預農產品價格，該干預的資訊已併入民眾對價格變動之預期因素時，對農產品價格、非農產品價格與存量三者波動之影響。 農業經濟領域上，李心怡(1997)、賴景昌、王葳與胡士文(2000)、王葳(2002)、莊梅真(2002)、黃秋惠(2003)等，將匯率目標區政策應用於農產品價格管制之相關議題，但均未提及農產品的存量。因之，本文雖仍建立涵蓋農產品市場、非農產品市場與貨幣市場的封閉經濟體系，但首將農產品存量之調整首度納入模型之考量，探討政府實施農產品價格目標區政策，是否在本質上具有安定農產品價格的作用。 經由本文分析，農產品價格目標區的設立，是否對農產品的價格產生穩定效果，受到三項因素的影響：首為商品的價格效果、財富效果與利率效果的相對大小；次為民眾預期價格變動對市場的影響程度；最後，則是政府政策執行時所採行之工具。
29
Bhatia, Sitesh Bala. "Agricultural price policy and production in India 1956-70." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/950.
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30
Hillen, Judith. "Price Transmission and Market Integration in Swiss Agricultural and Food Markets." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-13F6-0.
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31
Salma, Umme. "Agricultural price policy in Bangladesh : general equilibrium effects on growth and sectoral income distribution." Phd thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12679.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bangladesh grew very slowly when it was a part of Pakistan and its growth scarcely accelerated after independence in 1971. Poor overall performance reflects poor agricultural productivity, for agriculture is still the dominant economic sector, providing livelihood for some 80 per cent of the population. This study is concerned with the reasons for the low growth of agriculture and the economy more generally. Since farmers in Bangladesh, like farmers in most countries, are responsive to the prices that face their production and consumption decisions, the study evaluates the effects of
indirect (macro and trade) and direct (sectoral) prices on agricultural development and economic development more generally. The evaluation is carried out in a general equilibrium context. A 25-sector and 35-commodity computable general equilibrium model, with a single representative private consumer, is used to analyse the impact of price policies. Aggregate disposable income accruing to the
representative household is divided into two components: farm income and non-farm income. The model is essentially neo-classical with some adaptations to represent the structural and institutional features of the Bangladesh economy. Particular care has been taken to model production technology in agriculture. An econometric study using a system approach
was carried out to determine the technology structure in agriculture and estimate the output supply and input demand elasticities of farmers. The experiments which simulate technological growth in agriculture also emphasise the role of agriculture in the overall economic development of Bangladesh. Increased investment in rural infrastructure, especially water control and transportation, brings about marked improvement in the choice of crops and production techniques, and hence in the agricultural sector as well as the economy as a whole. The constraining effect of
inappropriate indirect (macro and trade) policies currently prevents the transfer of resources into agriculture. When trade reforms are simulated so that scarcity premia and tariffs are removed/reduced, agricultural performance improves as production costs fall. If the currency is
depreciated agricultural and other export profitability rises, also attracting
increased investment into these sectors.
Not unexpectedly, short-run simulations of policy reforms show less impressive growth than long-run simulations. In both the short and the long run,in accordance with the results of other studies of the agricultural sector in many developing countries, indirect policies appear to have a greater
impact on agricultural productivity and output than direct policies. Direct policies do not offset the bias against agriculture created by indirect policies, but their removal would exacerbate the problems faced by agriculture if indirect policies were not reformed. In the short run, public investment in agricultural infrastructural facilities would be needed if the indirect and direct reforms were to be fully utilized. The budgetary expenditure at present expended on agricultural subsidies could be used for such public investment. In the long run, rising agricultural profitability would then be likely to attract private capital to the sector.
32
Greene, Duty D. "The impact of economic policies on the agricultural sector & food consumption in the Dominican Republic a multimarket analysis /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30338707.html.
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33
Narasimhan, M. K. "A critical study of agricultural price policy in India with special reference to Karnataka." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1688.
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34
Park, Dae Shik. "Rice purchase price policy-making in Korea, 1961-1989 a governmental politics analysis /." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22228369.html.
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35
Balie, Jean. "Agricultural Policy Support, Production Incentives and Market Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-87C9-0.
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36
Al-Hussinie, Abdulaziz S. "The impact of agricultural price policies on the supply and demand for agricultural products : the case of barley and wheat in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/26863.
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37
Huang, Shu-Juan, and 黃叔娟. "Reform of Public Governance in Agricultural Policy in Taiwan: The Case of Guaranteed-Rice Price Purchasing." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nr6z64.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
107
Featuring a small-scale farming style, Taiwan did not abrogate the guaranteed-rice price purchasing system even after participating in the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2002. Unlike Japan and South Korea, one such price support policy for paddy rice has been implementing for 45 years and getting more important recently. Taiwan Farmers’ Associations have been multi-functional since the Japanese Colonial Period. After the Second World War, KMT (Kuomintang) government moved to Taiwan, and began manipulating the operation of these associations. In 1974, the “Farmers’ Association Act” was amended to abolish the paid-in-capital system, and start the guaranteed-rice price purchasing system instead. Since then, Taiwan Farmers’ Associations, with political, economic, social, educational, technical and financial functions, became a unique organization serving the politics. The era of “network governance” between Taiwan Farmers’ Associations and the KMT government started. The guaranteed-rice price purchasing system has been implemented by the township-level farmers’ associations to maintain rice farmers’ income. Equipped with the authority and financial support, Taiwan Farmers’ Associations were well protected by political networks, in which they exchange personal relations with the rice farmers to reinforce the control by the KMT government. In return, rice farmers took advantage of these relational networks to influence the policy-making. Consequently, Taiwan Farmers’ Associations failed to operate as an independent enterprise, which further led to the persistence of the guaranteed-rice price purchasing system incompatible with Taiwan’s commitment to the WTO to withdraw the price subsidies. Recent attempts of the government to use “network governance” for complicated public issues, require prior understanding of the background and essence of the policy-making and implementation. The present study seeks to employ the framework of “network governance” to unravel the dimensions of internal governance of Taiwan Farmers’ Associations, as well as analyze the network governance among the farmers, the government, and Taiwan Farmers’ Associations, in an attempt to enrich the research of the agricultural policy. Research results should offer a solution to improving the governance structure of the agricultural policy, in the hope of constructing a favorable environment and infrastructure for the agriculture, rural development and farmers, thus paving the way for the young people to dedicate themselves to the agricultural industry and to serving Taiwan Farmers’ Associations.
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Lai, Mei-Chun, and 賴美君. "The Impact of Renewable Energy Policy on Agricultural Land Price in Tainan City－－How if Planting Solar Panels Produce Good Land Prices." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hg3v75.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
106
The government in Taiwan promotes various agricultural policies to ensure the functions of agricultural production, life, and ecology. At the same time to ensure food security and to increase farmers’ income. However, all types of policies may result in the change of farmland price. Past studies focus on the evaluation of fallow policies, farm building construction, population density, and expected diversion It is lack of impact analysis of agricultural facilities, i.e. accessible green energy facilities, on the farmland price. In response to the low carbonization trend and the development of renewable energy, the Council of Agriculture of the Executive Yuan in Taiwan revised and issued the application for review of farmland for agricultural facilities in 2013. In the south-central part of Taiwan with good sunshine conditions, the photovoltaic industry has appearly developed solar energy in these areas. Such policy induces farmers renting their lands to photovoltaic industry for solar energy generation. The benefit brought by the implementation of solare energy will increase the amount of green energy generation. The loss is the reduction of the useable farmland amount and then indirectly increase the price of farmland. This study employs a spatial regression model to evaluate the distance impact of farmland price with surrounding solar panel installations. At the same time, this study also evaluates the impact of farmland price surrounded by capacity of solar panels installation. A set of data with 19,966 pieces of farmland prices in Tainan City is conducted for these purposes. Five major divisions according to the average price of the farmland and its geographical location are divided from the original 33 administrative districts. The results show that in the north, coastal, and the near-mountain division the closer the solar panel installations are the more significant increase in the price of farmland is. On the countrary, in the central division the closer the solar panel installations are, the lower the farmland price is. However, the trading farmlands surrounded by a larger capacity of the green energy facilities within 2 km, the price of farmland increases significantly in the original surrounding Tainan division. For other divisions, the larger capacity of green energy facilities within 2 km, the price of farmland reduce siginificantly. It is also known from the empirical results that the larger capacity of solar panel facilities installation and the closer to the farmland is the prices of the farmland in the original surrounding Tainan, the north, the coastal, and the near-mountain division will increase significantly. However, the continuous increase of farmland price could damage the long-term agricultural development in Taiwan.
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Nolte, Stephan-Alfons [Verfasser]. "The future of the world sugar market : a spatial price equilibrium analysis ; Aufsatz im Rahmen der Dissertation "Partial equilibrium models in agricultural policy analysis" / von Stephan-Alfons Nolte." 2008. http://d-nb.info/989823822/34.
Повний текст джерела
40
Visser, Amorie. "The evaluation of KwaZulu-Natal's priority agricultural sectors for effective export promotion / Amorie Visser." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study provides the strategies that can be implemented to promote the
agricultural sector in KwaZulu-Natal and the theory behind economic development,
as well as the importance of trade and export growth. There are restrictions in terms
of trade and it is important that these are addressed before making a decision to
choose a viable, potential and realistic country to export to. This study is aimed
answer the research question if agriculture can be seen as a primary export sector in
KwaZulu-Natal. Furthermore, this study includes background on the KwaZulu-Natal
Province and mainly focus on the indicators such as GDP, employment, health
issues and other indicators that will indicate that this province is of importance in
South Africa in terms of the agricultural sector. This study uses SARS data to
analyse and calculate the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of all agricultural
products of the province. This is done to identify if there is a comparative advantage
in the products studied in this study. The products of KwaZulu-Natal also show that
this province’s agriculture can be seen as a primary export sector and that this sector
is a major contribution to South Africa’s GDP and development. This study uses the
Decision Support Model (DSM) to compare the results from the Revealed
Comparative Advantage to identify the products and sectors which have the most
export potential in the international market. This study reveals that the agricultural
products and industries in KwaZulu-Natal with the highest overall export potential are
chocolate and cocoa preps, refined soybean oil, and leather products as the three
top performers among agricultural products and have the most export potential in the
province. Concluding remarks are based on the findings made throughout the study.Thesis (MCom (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
41
Busse, Stefan. "Interdependencies between Rapeseed and Biodiesel in Europe - Empirical Results and Policy Implications." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B053-E.
Повний текст джерела
42
Akalpler, Ergin. "The Impact of the Support System of the CAP on Free Trade in the Light of the Turkey's EU Membership." Thesis, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1924/1/document.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study is to measure the level of the European Union's (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) price support system (PSS) applied to producers in the EU-15 and in Turkey. The producer subsidy estimate (PSE) method has been used to determine protection levels for selected cereal products from the beginning of the application of the PSE method in 1986 to date. In addition, this study attempts to examine the empirical findings of the PSE in the light of CAP reforms and EU enlargements during the period 1986- 2003. The expected contribution of this study is to determine which support instruments, such as countervailing levies or direct payments (based on limited or unlimited area) against export subsidies, voluntary or compulsory set-aside measures and price interventions, are more appropriate for the CAP in reducing destabilizing effects on trade with selected products between the EU and Turkey with respect to distribution effects (how income is distributed between different groups involved in the production operation process). Does the current PSS of the CAP have positive effects on agricultural producers in Turkey as a non-member country? The major finding of this dissertation is the evaluation of benefits and costs of common agricultural policies of the EU on fair trade. The assessment of the PSE of the EU's CAP will be used to determine the impact of current support measures of the CAP reforms on fair trade and consumer welfare, and how the CAP measures can be reformed for the improvement of producer gain in accordance with fair trade. (author's abstract)
43
Kwŏn, Yŏng-dae. "Political macroeconomy of agricultural policy : rice policy adjustments in Korea." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9215.
Повний текст джерела
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Huang, Chiu-Hui, and 黃秋惠. "Farmer Income Support Policy and Stabilization of Agricultural Prices." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49546712795734247331.
Повний текст джерела
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Kotzé, Derica Alba. "Die voedselparadoks : 'n ondersoek na vraagstukke rondom voedselsekuriteit in Suid-Afrika." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Text in AfrikaansSummaries in Afrikaans and English
Miljoene mense ervaar voedselonsekerheid en een uit elke 50 hanger mense is woonagtig in Suid Afrika. Daar is genoeg voedsel op ons planeet om elke mens van 'n voldoende voorraad voedsel te verseker; dit waarborg egter nie voedselsekuriteit aan almal nie. Dit is die voedselparadoks: ondanks globale surplusproduksie van voedsel, ly miljoene mense wereldwyd aan wanvoeding en honger, maar veral in die ontwikkelende lande. Suid-Afrika is geen uitsondering nie en ten spyte van selfvoorsiening in voedsel, balanseer die voedselgelykstelling nie. Daar bestaan 'n ekstreme gaping tussen die produksie en verbruik van voedsel. Gevolglik is die probleem wat nagevors is in hierdie studie die gebrek aan voedselsekuriteit binne 'n wereldkonteks met voedselsurplusse en hoe dit reflekteer in Suid-Afrika. Teen hierdie agtergrond is daar 'n studie gedoen van die oorsake van voedselonsekerheid en die teoriee en verduidelikings van hongersnood. Die fokus van hierdie navorsingstudie is drieledig van aard. Eerstens fokus dit op 'n konseptuele ondersoek na hanger, armoede, voedselsekuriteit en hongersnood in Afrika. Tweedens is ondersoek ingestel na die oorsake vir die gebrek aan voedselsekuriteit in Afrika. Derdens is daar gefokus op Suid-Afrika en is 'n ondersoek gedoen na die voorkoms van hanger, wanvoeding, armoede en die nasionale konteks van voedselsekuriteit met die doel om vraagstukke daaromheen te identifiseer. Daar is bevind dat voedselsekuriteit bepaal word deur die beskikbaarheid van voedsel (aanbod) en die vermoe van mense om dit te bekom (aanvraag). Dit blyk dat die ontwikkelingsproses, regeringsbeleid, ekologiese omgewing en tegnologie, wetenskap en navorsing 'n direkte invloed het op die voedselsekuriteit van mense, en dat Suid-Afrika nie verskil van ander Afrikalande in hierdie verband nie. Hoewel Suid-Afrika voedselselfvoorsiening bereik het, ly miljoene mense honger weens armoede en die gebrek aan aansprake wat bydra tot 'n gebrek aan voedselsekuriteit. Die studie toon dat die Suid-Afrikaanse regering verskeie beleidsmaatreels in plek het ter bevordering van voedselsekuriteit, maar dat dit nie in die praktyk verwesenlik word nie.
Millions of people in the world experience food insecurity and one out ofevery 50 hungry people lives in South Africa. There is enough food on our planet to assure every person of an adequate supply of food; however, this does not guarantee food security for all. This is the food paradox: despite a global surplus production of food, millions of people experience malnutrition and hunger all over the world, but especially in the developing countries. South Africa is no exception and despite self-sufficiency in food, the food equation is not balanced. An extreme gap exists between the production and consumption of food. Consequently, the problem researched in this study is the lack of food security in a world context with surplus food and how this is reflected in South Africa. Against this background a study was undertaken of the causes of food insecurity and the theories and explanations of famine. The focus of this research study is threefold. Firstly it focuses on a conceptual enquiry intohunger, poverty, food security and famine in Africa. Secondly there is an enquiry into the causes of the lack of food security in Africa. Thirdly it focuses on South Africa and an enquiry is done into the incidence of hunger, malnutrition and poverty, and into the national context of food security with the aim of identifying relevant problems in food security. It was found that food security is determined by the availability of food (supply) and the capability of people to obtain it (demand). It appears that the development process, government policy, ecological environment and technology, science and research directly affect the food security of people, and that South Africa does not differ from other African countries in this regard. Although South Africa has achieved food self-sufficiency, millions of people experience hunger because of poverty and the lack of entitlements. The study shows that the South African government has various policy measures for the promotion of food security in place, but that food security does not materialise in practice.
Development Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (Ontwikkelingsadministrasie)
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Παπαδοπούλου, Αικατερίνη. "Μετακύλιση τιμών βασικών προϊόντων και τροφίμων στην περίπτωση του Νομού Αιτωλοακαρνανίας". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Η εργασία που ακολουθεί εκπονήθηκε στα πλαίσια του μεταπτυχιακού προγράμματος σπουδών “Διοίκηση Επιχειρήσεων Τροφίμων ”, του τμήματος Διοίκησης Αγροτικών Προϊόντων και Τροφίμων του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών, κατά την ακαδημαϊκή περίοδο σπουδών 2011-2013.
Ο μηχανισμός μετακύλισης των τιμών μεταξύ παραγωγών και καταναλωτών έχει αποτελέσει αντικείμενο εκτεταμένης έρευνας κυρίως στον τομέα των τροφίμων. Η παρούσα εργασία αναλύει τα βασικά προϊόντα του νομού Αιτωλοακαρνανίας κυρίως του πρωτογενή τομέα ενώ ειδικότερα εξετάζει την ύπαρξη ασυμμετρίας στον μηχανισμό μεταβίβασης τιμών μεταξύ των παραγωγών και των καταναλωτών στον τομέα του κρέατος στην Ελλάδα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η έρευνα επικεντρώνεται στα τέσσερα είδη κρέατος όπως μοσχαριού, αρνιού, χοιρινού και κοτόπουλου. Οι τιμές των τεσσάρων ειδών κρέατος έχουν χορηγηθεί από την Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή.
Όλες οι μεταβλητές μετασχηματίζονται σε λογαρίθμους και οι τιμές αποπληθωρίζονται με βάση τον δείκτη τιμών καταναλωτή (2009=100). Για την μελέτη της ασυμμετρίας γίνεται χρήση των τεχνικών συνολοκλήρωσης (Threshold Cointegration Analysis) καθώς εκτιμάται και ένα δυναμικό υπόδειγμα διόρθωσης λαθών (Error Correction Model, ECM). Διερευνάται η ύπαρξη μακροχρόνιας σχέσης μεταξύ παραγωγών και καταναλωτών στην υπό εξέταση αγορά, ενώ η κατεύθυνση της αιτιότητας κατά Granger έδειξε πως η τιμή του καταναλωτή επηρεάζει την τιμή του παραγωγού.The following assignment carried out through of the postgraduate program "Food Business Management" at the department of Management Food and Agricultural products of University of Patras, the academic study period 2011-2013. The price transmission mechanism between producers and consumers has been the subject of extensive research mainly in the food sector. This paper analyzes the commodities the county of Aitoloakarnania mainly in the primary sector while particularly considers the existence of asymmetry in the transmission mechanism of prices between producers and consumers in the meat sector in Greece. More specifically, the research focused on four types of meat such as beef, lamb, pork and chicken. The values of the four types of meat have been granted by the Greek Statistical Authority. All variables transformed into logarithms and prices are deflated by the consumer price index (2009 = 100). For studying the asymmetry are used techniques of cointegration (Threshold Cointegration Analysis) and estimated as a dynamic error correction model (Error Correction Model, ECM). Investigated the existence of long-term relationships between producers and consumers in the relevant market, while the direction of Granger causality test showed that the price of the consumer affects the value of the producer.
47
Li, Chia-Chi, and 李嘉琪. "The Impact of Monetary Policy on Prices and Stocks of Agricultural Product." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54313959332471239218.
Повний текст джерела
48
Chen, Chiu-chih, and 陳玖馳. "The Impact of Policy Announcement on Agricultural Spot Prices and Foreign Exchange Reserves： Agricultural Spot and Futures Model." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28595775027640111026.
Повний текст джерела
49
Van, de Walle Dominique. "The welfare analysis of rice pricing policies using household data for Indonesia." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130833.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A methodology with which to analyze the welfare distributional
effects of food pricing policy reforms is proposed, critically
investigated and refined using Indonesian household level data. The
problems of welfare measurement dealt with include the need for
behavioral consistency and the making of interpersonal comparisons of
welfare when household specific circumstances vary. Building on recent
advances in empirical tax reform analysis, an equivalent income function
is used as the welfare indicator. This is constructed from the explicit
indirect utility function underlying the functional form used in the
econometric modelling of consumer demands for rice and housing on 1981
SUSENAS data for Java. Normalizing for spatial price differentials and
for variations in demographic characteristics is found to result in a
reduction in measured welfare inequality. The methodology is used to
explore the welfare consequences of spatial domestic rice market
integration and of across the board price level changes, as would be
expected to result following an external trade liberalization of
Indonesia's rice markets. The reforms are simulated under various
assumptions concerning the producer and consumer income effects of the
price changes. The thesis also investigates alternative public
compensation schemes implemented through the input subsidies policy or by
means of lump-sum transfers targeted at producers and/or consumers. The
elimination of spatial rice price differentials is found to have modest potential social gains while exacerbating inequality. Rice price rises
are assessed to have beneficial welfare distributional effects if
accompanied by, for example, a scenario which implements cuts in input
subsidies and redistributes the resulting fiscal benefits as lump-sum
transfers to all households. Of fundamental concern throughout the
thesis are questions about how alternative assumptions adopted in
constructing the equivalent income function affect the ordinal ranking of
households in the pre-reform situation and the social welfare orderings
of the policy reforms. Sensitivity to the choice of functional form and
reference prices, to the number of included goods and to the treatment of
the regression errors are examined. The overall social welfare
evaluations of policy reforms are found to be generally robust to such
variations. Conversely, the welfare ranking of households appears to be
quite sensitive.
50
Yang, Yongzheng. "China's agricultural trade policy in the 1980s : the economic costs of food self-sufficiency." Master's thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130344.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines options for China's food trade policy In the
1980s. The emphasis Is on the economic costs of food self-sufficiency.
Despite the Increase In output in Chinese agriculture since the rural
economic reform, it will be difficult to achieve the goal of food
self-sufficiency in the medium term. China's smaller-than-average
endowments of arable land and water per capita suggests that, as food
demand grows, production costs will exceed those of better-endowed
countries. To achieve overall self-sufficiency by 1995 through further
protection would result in large income transfers from consumers to
producers and net economic losses of up to 12% of GNP. Food policies of
most East Asian economies protect farmers to ensure self-sufficiency in
staple foods for human consumption. Such a policy would prove to be at
least as costly as overall self-sufficiency, with similar levels of
income transfers. There is no way of avoiding these costs in the
framework of self-sufficiency through protection. Forcing higher rates
of saving and slower growth of disposable income would help reduce food
demand. However, in the longer run, it would be in China's economic
interest to make great efforts to develop an internationally
competitive agriculture reflecting its real comparative advantage,
rather than to protect agriculture increasingly in order to maintain
food self-sufficiency.