Дисертації з теми "Agricultural innovations"
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1
Garnett, Juneann. "Bridging the Gap between Agricultural Innovations and Implementation: The way Forward for Guyana." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429807458.
2
Rodriguez, Baide Joysee Mariela Molnar Joseph J. "Barriers to adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in the South change agents perspectives /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/RODRIGUEZ_BAIDE_18.pdf.
3
Walters, Edward B. "Impacts of new agricultural technologies in Peru." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94491.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts of Peru's research and extension programs on two regions in Peru and assess the implications of those impacts on institutional action by the Agrarian Bank and the Peruvian research and extension service. An LP model was constructed for two regions, Contumaza and Tarapoto, and was run under various levels of risk, alternative credit arrangements, selected price changes, and with and without the newly released varieties. Results from the various scenarios demonstrated that the introduction of new varieties increased net income, labor use, and the demand for credit in both regions. Also, altering the amount of credit available had a much more significant impact on the regions than altering the interest rate.M.S.
4
Toafa, Tevita. "Action research to improve the pumpkin industry in Tonga /." View thesis View thesis, 1994. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030604.165605/index.html.
5
Theodorakopoulou, Irini. "National innovation systems as analytical frameworks for knowledge transfer and learning in plant biotechnology : a comparative study /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946303.
6
Geron, Liduvino S. "Action research as a framework for systemic and organic change /." View thesis, 1992. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031201.091619/index.html.
Анотація:
Thesis (M. Sc.) (Research) Systems Agriculture-- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1992."Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of : Master of Science (Research) Systems Agriculture (1992)" Bibliography: leaves 135-140.
7
Alcântara, Milla Reis de 1982. "Dinâmica das mudanças na base técnica do setor agrícola do estado de São Paulo." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256780.
Анотація:
Orientador: Marco Túlio Ospina PatinoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T17:13:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alcantara_MillaReisde_M.pdf: 4209500 bytes, checksum: bf2397d595d4e40626a19a0f1e39bc25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A evolução tecnológica da agricultura no mundo, em particular no Brasil, determinou mudanças na estrutura e no funcionamento dos sistemas agroindustriais, resultando numa nova dinâmica organizacional baseada em alguns fatores chaves como a especialização e a flexibilidade. Uma análise da dinâmica das mudanças técnicas ocorridas no setor agrícola do Estado de São Paulo se faz necessária, uma vez que o desenvolvimento desse setor contribui de forma direta no crescimento econômico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar e interpretar a dinâmica das mudanças na base técnica do setor agrícola do Estado de São Paulo nas últimas duas décadas e determinar fatores estratégicos para manter e aumentar a competitividade desse setor. Para a realização desta pesquisa a unidade de análise foi o Estado de São Paulo representado pelos seus 645 municípios, sendo selecionadas vinte e quatro atividades agrícolas, dentre às sessenta e quatro existentes no Estado, nas quais foram analisadas três variáveis: área plantada, produção e rendimento médio. Na primeira etapa da pesquisa essas três variáveis foram analisadas num período de vinte anos utilizando as técnicas de análise de componentes principais (ACP) e Análise de Cluster (AC). Na segunda etapa foram analisadas as respostas dos especialistas sobre as principais mudanças na base técnica das culturas e na terceira etapa foi realizada a integração dos resultados das etapas anteriores. Os resultados mostraram que no período estudado, das vinte e quatro atividades, sete tiveram aumento na produção, área plantada e rendimento médio e as mesmas foram responsáveis em 2009 por 96,23% do valor da produção agrícola do Estado. Quanto à mudança na base técnica ocorrida nos últimos vinte anos, a inovação biológica representada pelo desenvolvimento de novas variedades foi o principal elemento da mudança na base técnica da agricultura paulista. A inovação mecânica representada pelas soluções em mecanização agrícola voltadas para o plantio, a colheita e a pós-colheita das culturas também contribuiu nessa evolução. Os fatores estratégicos apontam para manutenção e aumento nos investimentos para pesquisa de inovações biológicas representadas por novas variedades e a pesquisa em inovações mecânicas representadas pela mecanização agrícola
Abstract: The technological evolution development in world's agriculture, particularly in Brazil led to changes in the structure and functioning of agribusiness systems, resulting in a new organizational dynamics that is based on some key factors such as specialization and flexibility. An analysis of the dynamics of technical change occurred in the agricultural sector of the State of São Paulo is necessary, since the development of this sector contributes directly to economic growth. This study aimed to analyze and interpret the dynamics of changes in the technical base of the agricultural sector of the state of São Paulo in the last two decades and determine strategic factors to maintain and enhance the competitiveness of this sector. The unit of analysis of this research was the São Paulo State represented by its 645 municipalities, where twenty-four agricultural activities were selected among the sixty-four being explored in the State with three variables analyzed: area planted, production and average yield. In the first stage of the research these three variables were analyzed over a period of twenty years using the techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). In the second step the responses of experts on major changes in the technical base of crops were analyzed and the final step was the integration of the previous results. The results showed that during the study period, seven of the twenty-four activities had increases in production, acreage and average yield and these seven activities accounted in 2009 for 96.23% of the value of agricultural production in the state. As for the change in the technical base within the last twenty years, the biological innovation represented by the development of new varieties was the main element of change in the technical base of Sao Paulo's agriculture. The mechanical innovation represented by agricultural mechanization solutions focused on planting, harvesting and post-harvest operations also contributed in this evolution. Strategic factors point out to the need of increased investment and maintenance for biological research innovations represented by new varieties and research in mechanical innovations represented by agricultural mechanization
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola
8
Kruse, John Robert. "A structural model of the international oilseed sector : an econometric investigation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3100055.
9
Beyene, Abera Hailu. "Adoption of improved tef and wheat production technologies in a crop-livestock mixed systems in northern and western Shewa zones of Ethiopia." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06092008-133248/.
10
Zamzow, Benjamin F. "Guilt and Reciprocity in Labor Markets and the Diffusion of Agricultural Innovations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293394.
Анотація:
This dissertation consists of three essays: The first essay considers a three-player labor market game and illustrates how wage and price decisions may change dramatically when a worker is guilt averse in the sense of wishing not to disappoint the firm's consumers. I incorporate guilt aversion into an effort setting game and obtain predictions thereof in a way not yet considered by labor economists, and I call attention to the fact that one must exercise caution when directly applying Battigalli & Dufwenberg (2007) simple guilt preferences. The results demonstrate that a sufficiently guilt-averse worker will exert costly effort to produce a high quality good so as not to disappoint the consumer, thereby trading material value for psychological well-being. The second essay seeks to understand the conditions under which the reciprocity motivation can alleviate sweatshop conditions. My co-author Martin Dufwenberg and I apply reciprocity preferences to a simple game designed to model a sweatshop. In this project we investigate the influence of a reciprocally behaving consumer on the firm's treatment of the worker. We vary the level of information the consumer has about how the worker has been treated and observe how this affects predictions. We demonstrate that in order to predict appropriately alleviated sweatshop conditions the model must be adapted to allow for the consumer to be motivated by a salient regard for the firm's treatment of the worker. In the third essay I study the role played by experiment associations comprised of scientifically literate farmers in assisting agricultural experiment station researchers in the development of technology and in facilitating the diffusion of biological and non-biological innovation. I examine two such networks of unique structure, the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union and the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Association. I find that the seed distribution efforts of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Association had an immediate statistically significant positive effect on the productivity of oats. I find that the program of experimentation of the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union had a delayed and statically significant positive effect on productivity of oats and peas.
11
Glazyrina, Anna. "Contribution of Public Investments and Innovations to Total Factor Productivity." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29848.
Анотація:
This study examines the importance of public research and development (R&D) expenditures and innovations (prices) to U S agricultural productivity employing panel vector error correction econometric technique Specifically, time-series and panel unit root tests, panel cointegration procedures, panel causality tests, and vector error correction model are used in the analysis. Empirical application to U S state-level data for 1960-2004 suggests positive and statistically significant influence of both supply-side
drivers, in the form of public R&D expenditures, and demand-side drivers, in the form of innovations (prices), on total factor productivity growth.
12
Henke, Christopher R. "Working the mission : science and industry in California agriculture /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984806.
13
Parayil, Govindan. "Conceptualizing technological change : technology transfer in the green revolution /." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-112133/.
14
Toafa, Tevita. "Action research to improve the pumpkin industry in Tonga." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/190.
Анотація:
Agricultural industries play a key role in promoting the economic prosperity and growth of Tongan society. Agricultural exports, such as the pumpkin industry, receive foreign exchange to pay for the imports. This project aims to develop an understanding of the problems involved in exporting pumpkins from Tonga to the Japanese rice market. It also aims, as an action research project, to increase the understanding of the problem owners in order to improve the operation of the industry. The inquiry explores the perceived problems and concerns of all parties involved in the development of the industry including the exporters, farmers, government departments and the Tongan Development Bank as well as the Japanese pumpkin importers. The study used a systems approach, utilising action research methodology as an entry point to conduct a collaborative inquiry. A market analysis of the niche market of the pumpkin industry was carried out.The following have been identified as the most important factors in the development of the industry. (1) It was found that low quality standard of pumpkin exports has been the main concern as it hinders the development of the niche market. (2) Insufficient government support services have also contributed to the low quality standard. Partly as a result of the action research project a strategic plan for the industry was developed and this has already led to changes in industry practices.
15
Bouchet, Frederic C. "An analysis of sources of growth in French agriculture 1960-1984." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76507.
Анотація:
Agricultural production in France has increased considerably since the late fifties, turning France into a net exporter in world markets. This has generated a heated policy debate between France and the United States, centering around different views of the sources of growth in French agricultural production between 1960 and 1984. To shed some light on this debate, these sources of growth were analyzed.
A sectoral model of the French agricultural sector is developed. It is based on the assumption of profit maximization. Duality theory is used to derive short- and long-run output supply and input demand equations. All variables controlled by the decision-maker are endogenized. These include output supplies (cereals, other crop products, milk, other animal products), use of variable inputs (feeds, fertilizer-energy, hired labor), and optimal quantities of the quasi-fixed factors (family labor, capital).
The data used in estimation comes from published sources, except for series concerning French agricultural research expenditures, preferential credit rates, and agricultural labor. These were collected from unpublished sources specifically for the study.
In general, signs of estimated coefficients conform to theoretical expectations. Technological change is estimated to have played the major role in inducing production growth. Technology-led increases are attributed mostly to French research expenditures in the case of cereals, and, in the case of milk, both to French research expenditures and to transfers of technology. Credit policies have also played a role, being responsible for an estimated 8.6 and 10.4 percent of the growth in cereals and milk production.
These results have important policy implications. First, if rapid technological gains have brought France into a situation of comparative advantage, we should expect to see French policy-makers shift toward a freer market stance in trade negotiations. Second, because of massive technology transfers and shrinking export markets, the problem of protection of national research is likely to become a part of trade policy debates. Third, even if international negotiations succeeded at reducing price supports, such steps could be quickly outweighed by continual outward shifts of the supply curves if efforts to develop agricultural technology are pursued.Ph. D.
16
Potts, W. H. C. "A systems analysis undertaken to improve employer awareness of and career opportunities for Hawkesbury agriculturalists /." View thesis, 1993. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031128.141720/index.html.
17
Majumder, Bhakti. "The performance of agricultural institutions in disseminating new technologies : a case study of the modern rice variety BR32 in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=188101.
Анотація:
Despite substantial public expenditure from domestic and international sources on free-to-user agricultural extension services in Bangladesh, there is a lag between the availability and application of seed technologies. Besides the slow pace of diffusion of newly generated modern varieties (MVs), there exist wide gaps between potential and achieved yields at the farm level. This study aims to assess the performance of Bangladeshi research and extension (R&E) institutions in disseminating new rice MVs to end-users, and to identify factors affecting farm-level diffusion of the disseminated MVs. The study also examines the relationship between users’ technological knowledge and yields in the case of a new T. Aman season rice MV, BR32. The results suggest that the efficiency of the extension services was associated with the allocation of project funds between farm-level dissemination activities and overheads costs, and with the timing of project implementation. The presence of many divisions and administrative levels in the technology transfer system appears to be responsible for high overheads, while farm-level diffusion of BR32 was delayed for 4 years after its release due to the late start of project-funded dissemination activities. The rate of MV diffusion was restricted by seed scarcity, deficiencies in technical knowledge transfer, and some undesirable technology attributes. The reasons for the seed crisis were: i) the low amounts supplied by the public parastatal agency whose capacity was found to be under-utilized, ii) the lack of effective distributional channels for farmer-produced seeds, iii) the lack of farmer access to information about seed sources and demonstration sites, and iv) the low involvement of NGOs and the private sector. The average and marginal costs of BR32 dissemination would have been much lower if seed and technical knowledge could have been delivered more according to farmers’ demand.
18
Plumecocq, Gaël. "Methodological framework for integrated analysis of discourse formation, perception and representation on agricultural innovations." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31705.
Анотація:
This presentation is an attempt to provide a methodological framework in order to assess the performance and analyse problems of adoption of agricultural innovations.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31705
19
Zaragoza, Tony. "Apple capital growers, labor and technology in the origin and development of the Washington State apple industry, 1890-1930 /." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/T_Zaragoza_122907.pdf.
20
Leonardo, Elias Leju. "Induced agricultural innovations in violent conflicts and post-conflict situations : lessons from Southern Sudan." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542264.
21
Van, Den Bossche Laura Marthe Marie Margot <1996>. "Agent-Based Modeling of the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations by Rural Households in Tanzania." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15867.
Анотація:
The economy of many African countries is heavily based on agriculture and, as it is also one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. Considering that it provides a main source of income for many households in rural areas in Africa, it is undeniable that negative impacts of climate change will increase their vulnerability. Their vulnerable position is due to their high dependence on natural resources and minimal financial and technical means to cope with the changes. This is also the case for rural communities in Tanzania, a country that - despite experiencing an economic growth of 6-7% over the recent years - is still struggling with a high rural poverty rate. The vast majority thereby depends on rain-fed subsistence agriculture, which is characterized by the lack of modern farming technologies and low productivity. While these factors put a large part of the labor force at risk, especially in the due to the inability to adapt to climate change, it also prevents the country from reaching its true agricultural potential. Increasing the farmer’s capacities could change Tanzania's output and more importantly, resolve Tanzania’s poverty and malnutrition in rural areas and securing its future. Farmer-level transformation should therefore aim to increase yields and decrease post-harvest failures through promoting cost-effective, productivity-enhancing technologies. A computational agent-based model (MP-MAS) is therefore applied to simulate the agricultural system in the Iringa and Njombe region of Tanzania and analyzes the effect of the adoption of agricultural innovations such as improved maize varieties and fertilizers as a means to increase the food security and prosperity in these rural areas.
22
Adrian, Anne Mims Rainer R. Kelly. "Factors influencing adoption and use of precision agriculture." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/ADRIAN_ANNE_27.pdf.
23
Biggs, Stephen D. "Two articles focusing on participatory approaches." Olive Organisation Development and Training, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75076.
Анотація:
In recent years there has been a growing literature that advocates various forms of participatory development. This is illustrated by the promotion of approaches/tools such as participatory rural appraisal (PRA), participatory technology development (PTD), and participatory process projects 1 These "new" approaches are fast taking on the form of a new generalised orthodoxy for solving development problems. It would seem from the perspective of some of the promoters of this orthodoxy that the problem of development is no longer one of not having the right approaches and methods, but one of getting recalcitrant policy makers, bureaucrats, academics to appreciate and adopt these new methods and techniques. My concerns with this new advocacy are that: i It does not relate to experience; ii It does not address issues of power structure and control over information and other resources in multiple and complex arenas of science and technology (S&T); iii By placing major emphasis on management approaches and tools, the new orthodoxy is cutting itself off from a critical reflective understanding of the deeper determinants of technical and social change. Unfortunately, I suspect that if this new orthodoxy does not develop a more critical reflective view of itself then, like previous dominant orthodoxies, it will soon have to develop a range of "escape hatches" to explain why these participatory approaches are not giving the results that their advocates promise.AVOCADO series; v 06/95
24
Isaya, Elizabeth Lucas. "Sources of Agricultural Information for Women Farmers in Hai and Kilosa Districts, Tanzania." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420647091.
25
Sneddon, Joanne. "Innovation in the Australian wool industry : a sensemaking perspective." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Management, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0010.
Анотація:
Achieving the successful development, transfer and adoption of new agricultural technology is a popular issue in the innovation literature. Innovation diffusion and economic theory has informed this literature by emphasising the central role that technology attributes and economic rationality play in the adoption of new technology. In agricultural innovation context, research has traditionally taken a technological determinist perspective, assuming that technologies shape society and that all technological change is positive and progressive. As a result of limitations of the linear, determinist perspective of agricultural innovation to explain how new technologies are adopted and diffused, social constructivist approaches to agricultural innovation have emerged as a complement to this approach. However, a unifying framework of the social construction of new agricultural technologies has not been presented in the agricultural innovation literature. In this study Karl Weicks seven properties of sensemaking are used as the foundation for the development of a unifying conceptual framework for the examination of the social construction of agricultural technology. This thesis is a study of sensemaking in the context of agricultural innovation. It examines how participants in the Australian wool industry make sense of new technologies and how that sensemaking shapes their use of new technologies over time. The focal innovation initiative studied in this thesis is the development, transfer, adoption and abandonment of objective wool fibre testing technologies. This initiative commenced in the 1960s and has resulted in significant changes in the way that Australian wool is produced, marketed and processed. An interpretive research paradigm is adopted in this study. A theory-building case study approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis is used to capture the ongoing, iterative, enactive and social actions and interactions that occur throughout the agricultural innovation process. The case study is divided into three separate but interlocking empirical analyses which examine how industry participants' sensemaking shaped their use of wool testing technologies at the industry, technological system and individual farm level. The findings and implications of the three empirical studies in this thesis are discussed in relation to (1) the interpretation frameworks of agricultural industry participants and technology enactment, (2) the sensemaking process, (3) the social construction of shared technology frames, and (4) the social construction of industry belief systems. This study contributes to the debate on the social construction of agricultural technology and sensemaking in the innovation process by exploring the development, transfer, adoption and abandonment of new wool fibre testing technologies by industry participants over time. It builds on theoretical and empirical agricultural innovation and sensemaking research, and draws on a theoretical framework sensitive to the social construction of technology at the individual, group and industry levels. In doing so this study develops the concept of sensemaking in the agricultural innovation process as a way of deepening our understanding of how new agricultural technologies are transferred, adopted and diffused.
26
Ndah, Hycenth Tim Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Müller, Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Knierim, and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Kächele. "Adoption and adaptation of innovations : assessing the diffusion of selected agricultural innovations in Africa / Hycenth Tim Ndah. Gutachter: Klaus Müller ; Andrea Knierim ; Harald Kächele." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058165356/34.
27
Ndah, Hycenth Tim [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Knierim, and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Kächele. "Adoption and adaptation of innovations : assessing the diffusion of selected agricultural innovations in Africa / Hycenth Tim Ndah. Gutachter: Klaus Müller ; Andrea Knierim ; Harald Kächele." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058165356/34.
28
Kebede, Yohannes. "Household decision-making : the adoption of agricultural technologies in Ethiopia." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41250.
Анотація:
Technology adoption has been seen as key to the development of more productive agriculture in lesser developed countries. But the adoption and adaptation of new agricultural technology occurs at the level of farm families where decisions are made based on perceived risks and benefits of the new technology, and its fit within the knowledge and practices of existing agricultural system.The processes and consequences of household decision-making are investigated using unidisciplinary methods of decision analysis involving statistical, mathematical, psychological, anthropological and econometric techniques brought together in a holistic manner. The study is focused in the Ada and Selale regions of the Central Ethiopian Highlands. The technologies studied are fertilizer, improved crop varieties, pesticides and cross-bred cows.
Differences in goals and strategies of households are caused by inequalities in ownership of physical resources, and access to local institutions and indigenous knowledge. Village and regional institutions greatly influence access to physical (e.g. land) and non-physical (knowledge and information) resources. Successful intervention strategies are those that recognize region- and experience-specific potentials.
When compared with physical resources, non-physical resources exert greater influence on decisions to adopt technologies and on the efficiency with which inputs are used in the production of grain and milk outputs. Producers are willing to take risks in enterprises in which they have the advantages of favourable location or experience. The degree of risk-averse behaviour of households reduces the probability of adopting technologies in both study sites. Natural factors (e.g. rainfall) and policy variables (e.g., land tenure and market) increase production risk. Indigenous production knowledge and schooling consistently reduce variability in production.
29
Ranjan, Pranay Ranjan. "Institutions, Property Rights, and Innovations in Agricultural Drainage: Insights from the Western Lake Erie Basin of Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471221739.
30
Vale, Arilson Pereira do. "Associativismo e produção orgânica como uma alternativa para a agricultura familiar: o caso Aruatã." Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Paraná, 2003. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/168.
Анотація:
Este trabalho traz como tema central a realidade da agricultura e dos agricultores familiares no Brasil. A análise dessa temática parte da identificação e caracterização do modelo de modernização tecnológica adotado no contexto brasileiro. Busca-se compreender a concepção de tecnologia e de desenvolvimento tecnológico que fundamentou determinadas opções políticas e econômicas e identificar a racionalidade que permeou tal processo, visto que todo agir social traz consigo uma racionalidade que lhe é própria. Nesse itinerário de investigação são especialmente abordados alguns conceitos como "Razão Instrumental", "Apropriação" e "Inapropriação" tecnológica e mesmo tecnologia. Posteriormente é apresentada a prática alternativa de agricultura orgânica como "apropriada tecnologicamente" ao contexto da agricultura familiar e orientada segundo os princípios de uma racionalidade comunicativa. Conceito este analisado conforme a construção filosófica de Jürgen Habermas. Em seguida se busca aproximar os conceitos até então abordados com a proposição de que as práticas associativistas e cooperativistas por agricultores familiares são essenciais para a construção de espaços onde a racionalidade comunicativa se efetiva e onde tal categoria de agricultores conquista sua cidadania. A construção desse arcabouço teórico é por fim confrontada com a realização de uma pesquisa do tipo "Estudo de Caso" de uma associação de agricultores orgânicos do município de Tijucas do Sul, por nome ARUATÃ. O objetivo é analisar e perceber as dificuldades de construção de uma prática associativista e as possíveis razões que explicariam porque muitas iniciativas associativistas não prosperam, como por exemplo, a própria ARUATÃ.This work assumes as its central issue the reality of agriculture, and specially the familiar agriculture, in Brazil. The analysis of this thematic begins with the identification and characterization of the technological modernization model adopted in the Brazilian context. Therefore, it seeks to understand the conception of technology and technological development that based the political and economic options and to identify the rationality embedded in the process, since every social action brings a rationality of its own. In this itinerary of investigation are especially used the concepts of " instrumental reason" technological "appropriation" and "unappropriation" and even technology. The alternative practices of organic agriculture is presented as "technologically appropriated" in the context of familiar agriculture and oriented according to the principles of a communicative reason, as defined by Jürgen Habermas. Next the text tries to bring together the theoretical concepts and the proposition that associative and cooperative practices by familiar farmers are essentials for the construction of spaces where the communicative rationality really works and where the farmers can conquest their citizenship. The theoretical frame is finally confronted with a "case study" research about an association of organic farmers from Tijucas do Sul, named ARUATÃ. The objective is to analyze and realize the existent difficulties in the construction of an associative practice and the possible reasons that could explain why many associative initiatives, like Aruatã, don't prosper.
31
Mekonnen, Daniel Ayalew [Verfasser]. "Social interactions, aspirations, and agricultural innovations: Linkages with income and food security in rural Ethiopia / Daniel Ayalew Mekonnen." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122285825/34.
32
Toafa, Tevita, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture. "Action research to improve the pumpkin industry in Tonga." THESIS_FAH_XXX_Toafa_T.xml, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/190.
Анотація:
Agricultural industries play a key role in promoting the economic prosperity and growth of Tongan society. Agricultural exports, such as the pumpkin industry, receive foreign exchange to pay for the imports. This project aims to develop an understanding of the problems involved in exporting pumpkins from Tonga to the Japanese rice market. It also aims, as an action research project, to increase the understanding of the problem owners in order to improve the operation of the industry. The inquiry explores the perceived problems and concerns of all parties involved in the development of the industry including the exporters, farmers, government departments and the Tongan Development Bank as well as the Japanese pumpkin importers. The study used a systems approach, utilising action research methodology as an entry point to conduct a collaborative inquiry. A market analysis of the niche market of the pumpkin industry was carried out.The following have been identified as the most important factors in the development of the industry. (1) It was found that low quality standard of pumpkin exports has been the main concern as it hinders the development of the niche market. (2) Insufficient government support services have also contributed to the low quality standard. Partly as a result of the action research project a strategic plan for the industry was developed and this has already led to changes in industry practices.Master of Science (Hons)
33
Tsymbalista, N. A. "Peculiarities of Implementing Environmental Innovations in Organic Farming in Ukraine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49459.
Анотація:
The development of environmentally-oriented farming systems and
management in the agricultural sector is an objective necessity in modern terms,
since the implementation of innovative technologies in agricultural activity is often
accompanied by exceeding the maximum permissible limits for intensification of
production of different directions. Organic agricultural production has become
widely spread in the world in recent years. Ukraine also has great potential for
development of this area of farming. So, starting with 2000s the organic products
market capacity has been rapidly growing.
34
Hébert, Yann. "Simulating input biotechnology adoption using a system dynamics approach." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78376.
Анотація:
A system dynamics model is developed to study the technology adoption process (TAP) of modern agriculture input technology such as the biotechnologies. The work shows that the system dynamics approach is appropriate to integrate the different components considered in the TAP conceptual framework elaborated in this work. The conceptual framework illustrates the different system components found important in the literature, portfolio decision-making, learning, information gathering, uncertainties and economics perceptions and their involved relationships.The model is first calibrated and validated using the case of soybeans adoption versus corn uses in Quebec from 1987 to 1998. Validation is performed through five tests, namely visual, statistical and sensitivity, modularity and extendibility are performed to show the relevancy of the approach.
The model is then applied to the case of four input biotechnology crops. Again three types of validation tests are carried out. Results show that the model predicted the shape of the curve for all application fields.
35
Kamanda, Josey [Verfasser], and Regina [Akademischer Betreuer] Birner. "Activating institutional innovations for hunger and poverty reduction : potential of applied international agricultural research / Josey Kamanda. Betreuer: Regina Birner." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107895044X/34.
36
van, Staden Wilma. "A review of Climate-Smart system innovations in two Agricultural Colleges in the North West Province of South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63426.
Анотація:
This study was centred on the Agricultural Innovation System in the North West Province, South Africa as a response to climate change. The study developed during a time when Climate-Smart Agriculture emerged in policy and was developed as a strategic agricultural innovation process in response to changes in climate that increased food insecurity. The Agricultural Colleges embedded in the agricultural system realised that they were teaching students without a clear provision for climate change and therefore needed to initiate climate responsive innovations to comply with the Climate-Smart strategy that had been proposed by the provincial authorities. This provided the context for the study to track and support the innovation process of transitioning towards Climate-Smart responsive curriculum and learning practices within the system. A theoretical framework for the study was developed using a Cultural Historical Activity Theory perspective. This allowed the researcher to approach the research process as two case studies of innovation within the Agricultural Innovation System of the North West Province. The study developed as an iterative process of innovation support and tracking. At the early stages of the research process, data were generated through document analysis and a survey completed by the research participants at the preliminary consultative workshop. The contextual data allowed the researcher to begin to develop a clear contextual profile for both case studies. The consultative workshops were held to orientate the research around the central problems and challenges related to curriculum alignment with provincial Climate-Smart Agricultural policies. The methodology thereafter was developed as an iterative process of successive intervention-innovation workshops where the participating staff in each college reviewed their curriculum with the support of a Climate-Smart Innovation Tool. This tool was developed as a mediating resource for participants to undertake intervention work towards curriculum innovation in their context. The historical analysis from the two consultative workshops and the data derived from the initial use of the Climate-Smart Innovation Tool was used to model the activity systems in the respective colleges and the provincial system. This analysis enabled the researcher to scope how the system was currently functioning and how it had changed over time. During the workshops, curriculum innovations were reviewed and a fuller picture of the challenges of system innovation emerged, especially from a curriculum innovation vantage point. This system analysis was used to analyse emergent tensions and contradictions within the system and to build a picture of the complexities of participating staff initiating innovations towards Climate-Smart responsiveness in the colleges and within the Agricultural Innovation System. During the review and tracking of the supported innovation process the Climate-Smart Innovation Tool was developed into online sub-tools where either Departments or individual lecturers could review and track their own Climate-Smart responsiveness. The tool was shown to be a useful tool for surfacing contradictions, and identifying absences, and thus for charting out the start of reflexive learning and change processes needed for introducing climate responsive knowledge into the system. The study reveals that catalysing of curriculum and learning system innovation aligned with wider innovations in the agricultural innovation system requires specific tools, time and the understanding of the importance of micro-level innovation. The innovations within the system revealed the significance of allowing for time and processes that facilitate ‘ascending’ from the abstract concept of Climate-Smart Agriculture into more concrete curriculum processes. The curriculum review tool developed for this study served as an important double stimulation tool, along with activity system mapping, and ongoing refinement and clarification of the object of Climate-Smart Agriculture and associated contradictions and action plans for climate smart responsiveness in the college context. The tools and processes that were developed during this study, assisting in the emergence of micro-level innovation of the curriculum and learning system. The barriers and processes hampering curriculum and learning innovation within the system were identified. The study concludes with the recommendations on how a Climate-Smart innovation process might best be supported with reflexive tools within a curriculum and learning system during a time of institutional flux.
37
Lamas, Marianna. "Especialização produtiva e alienação do territorio : a moderna produção de algodão no Mato Grosso." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286966.
Анотація:
Orientador: Marcio Antonio CataiaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T07:25:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lamas_Marianna_M.pdf: 1420792 bytes, checksum: e0a21753a50853ea722f5af3c222ce65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O período atual contribui para que o território seja dotado de novos atributos técnicos, científicos e informacionais, promovendo profundas transformações na divisão territorial do trabalho e da produção. A região Centro-Oeste destaca-se no território nacional por configurar um novo espaço de ampliação da produção de algodão herbáceo, com ênfase para o estado do Mato Grosso, responsável por aproximadamente 70 % da produção de algodão do Centro-Oeste e cerca de 50% da produção nacional, indicando uma especialização regional produtiva. Esta especialização fundamenta-se na dissociação territorial da produção em uma parcela técnica - relativa à produção propriamente dita e dispersa em alguns pontos do território - e uma parcela política ¿ responsável pela regulação, comando e gestão dessa produção, encontrando-se centralizada no território. A análise do circuito espacial produtivo do algodão no Brasil indica que sua parcela técnica vem se concentrando em alguns municípios do estado do Mato Grosso - como Campo Verde e Primavera do Leste -, enquanto parte de sua parcela política concentra-se na cidade de São Paulo, sede da Bolsa de Mercadorias e Futuros (BM&F) e da Associação Nacional dos Exportadores de Algodão (ANEA), formada pelas principais tradings responsáveis pela comercialização e exportação dessa commodity. Sob esse aspecto, trabalhamos com a hipótese de ocorrência de uma especialização regional produtiva extrovertida, dado o comando dessa produção ser forâneo. Visando a comprovação desta hipótese busca-se compreender o circuito espacial produtivo do algodão cultivado no estado do Mato-Grosso, assim como seus círculos de cooperação. Essa dissociação territorial das parcelas da produção contribui para o estabelecimento de uma nova organização e uma nova regulação do território brasileiro, promotoras de novos usos do território, cada vez mais seletivos, hierárquicos e reticulares, contribuindo para sua alienação
Abstract: The current period contributes for the territory to have new technical attributes, scientific and informational, promoting deep changes to the work and production territorial division. The Center-West region stands out on the national territory for being a new enlargement space in the herbal cotton production, giving emphasis to the state of Mato Grosso, which is responsible for about 70% of the cotton production in the Center-West region and about 50% of the national production, indicating a productive regional specialization. This specialization is based on the territorial dissociation of the production in a technical parcel - related to the production itself and scattered in some parts of the territory - and a political parcel ¿ responsible for the regulation, command and managing of this production, being centralized in the territory. The analysis of the cotton productive spatial circle in Brazil indicates that its technical parcel is concentrated in some towns in the state of Mato Grosso - as, for example, Campo Verde and Primavera do Leste - while part of its political parcel is concentrated in the city of São Paulo, home office of the Brazilian Mercantile & Futures Exchange (BM&F) and the National Association of the Cotton Exporters (ANEA), formed by the main tradings responsible for the commerce and export of this commodity. Under this aspect, we work on the hypothesis of an extroverted productive regional specialization event, forasmuch as the command of this production is foreign. Looking forward to confirming this hypothesis, we try to understand the productive spatial circle of the cotton grown in the state of Mato Grosso, the same way that its cooperation circles. This territorial dissociation of the production parcels contributes to the establishment of a new organization and a new regulation of the Brazilian territory, promoting new uses of the territory, more and more selective, hierarchical and reticular, contributing to its alienation
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
38
Breytenbach, Adell. "The market potential for the floppy sprinkler irrigation system in the global agricultural sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21378.
Анотація:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.This research study analyses the market potential for the Floppy Sprinkler irrigation system in the global market. It explores the global irrigation market and its environment to identify the driving forces that influence the industry as well as the potential that Floppy Sprinkler could unleash as a competitor. The researcher assesses the industry value chain to determine the fit and alliance opportunities for Floppy Sprinkler in the value chain. The study further analyses the competitive pressures influencing the competitive environment. Applied research is used in this study to gain a comprehensive understanding of the market. Acknowledged diagnostic models in the field of strategic management were used to guide the study. These included the PESTLE analysis to evaluate the macro-environment of the agriculture sector; the value chain analysis to assess the agricultural industry value chain; Porter’s Five Forces Model to analyse the competitive pressures for Floppy Sprinkler; and the SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The relevant data were collected through both primary and secondary sources. Two questionnaires were designed, the first to industry specialists in the agriculture sector with the purpose to gain insight of the irrigation and agriculture environment; and the second to Floppy Sprinkler irrigation system users, with the purpose to obtain a rating, opinion and relevance of the product in the market. The research disclosed that forces within the macro environment influence the industry significantly. These specifically revolved around climate change, water scarcity, land availability, soil degradation, population growth and changing lifestyles. The value chain analysis revealed that opportunities exist in the agriculture industry to create horizontal and vertical alliances to strengthen Floppy Sprinkler’s position in the market. Competitive pressures in the market include direct competitors of Floppy Sprinkler, as well as the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers. Threat of new entrants and substitute products are not perceived to be immediate competitive pressures for Floppy Sprinkler owing to its cutting-edge technology, which offers a distinctive competitive advantage. Finally, opportunities were identified, which served as recommendations for Floppy Sprinkler in developing its strategy.
39
Isabirye, Naomi Nabirye, and Solms R. Von. "A framework for enhancing trust for improved participation in electronic marketplaces accessed from mobile platforms." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20019.
Анотація:
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been widely researched as a mechanism for improving the socio-economic status of disadvantaged, rural communities. In order to do this numerous technology-based initiatives have been introduced into disadvantaged, rural communities to assist them in various aspects of their lives. Unfortunately, even when the proposed benefit of a particular technology is clearly evident to its initiators, the adoption by the target users is often uncertain. This has also been the case with e-commerce in agriculture. Despite the numerous benefits of e-commerce for agricultural producers, the uptake has been low. Trust is a critical pre-condition for the adoption of e-marketplaces. E-marketplaces expose consumers to the risk of non-delivery or misrepresentation of goods ordered and the misuse of personal information by external parties. Additionally, the time investment needed to make a shift to e-marketplaces and the opinions of important reference groups affects the user’s willingness to trust and depend on an e-marketplace. This study was undertaken to assess the extent to which rural users with limited ICT experience would trust and, consequently, adopt an e-marketplace to support agricultural trade. A pragmatic philosophy was adopted in this study, indicating that the researcher’s view of reality is founded on the practical implications and outcomes that are observed. This study used a Canonical Action Research strategy to design, develop and deploy a voice based e-marketplace to assist the trading activities of a Western Cape based aloe community. The community was allowed to utilise thee-marketplace over a period of eight weeks. Thereafter, interviews were held with the participants to investigate their perceptions of the technology. As a result, a model proposing the factors that must be in place for trust to be achieved in a voice based e-marketplace was proposed. The study found that the trustworthiness of a technology results from the technology’s technical capability to satisfy the needs of its users reliably. Usability and security were found to be important determinants of the trustworthiness of a technology. Furthermore, the requirements elicitation process was found to be central to achieving trust as it defines the necessary criteria for developing secure, usable, functional, and reliable technologies that meet the needs of their users.
40
Campbell, Joseph T. "Impacts of Collaborative Watershed Management Policies on the Adoption of Agricultural Best Management Practices." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1212012674.
41
Kintoki, Alain Nzuzi. "The e-agriculture research landscape in South Africa : a systematic literature review." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2586.
Анотація:
Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The objective of this study was to determine the current status of e-agriculture research in the South African context. A systematic literature review was used to gather and analyse data in alignment with the objective of the study. The researcher used keywords and combined search keywords on web search engines and digital databases to obtain pertinent research papers. The scope of the study was limited to the period 2000-2016. The books, theses, conference papers and journal articles identified as pertinent to conduct the study, amounted to 114 in number. The analysis of the study described the focus of research papers, research methods, research approaches, theoretical lenses, units of analysis and observation, levels of analysis, historical development, and major concepts and disciplines used by authors in their studies. The study also sought to discover the year of publication and assessment of searchability of the papers. The results indicate that 13 papers (11.4%) were published in the first five years (2000- 2004) and 51 papers (44.7%) in the last five years (2012-2016) of the delimited period for the study. The results of the study further indicate that the application of geographic information systems (GISs) towards improving agriculture was the most prominent eagriculture research area in South Africa (27 papers, 23.6%), followed by the use of satellite enhancing agriculture (26 papers, 22.8%). E-government direct services, mobile in agriculture, and agricultural information systems were the least prominent e-agriculture research areas in South Africa with a contribution of two papers (1.8%) each. The results of this study show that information mapping was the most used research method by researchers in their studies (57 papers, 50%), followed by the case study method with 31 papers (27.1%). The results further denote that the least used research method was industry reports with no mention of it in any of the pertinent papers, followed by grounded theory with two papers (1.7%). Interpretivism was the most used research approach by researchers (six papers, 5.2%) during the period 2000-2016. The findings of this study clearly show that researchers still need to address certain issues or problems regarding e-agriculture in South Africa in order to improve the agricultural sector. The contribution of the study is to understand the importance of enhancing research capability and socio-economic transformation of farmworkers and farmers through enhanced communication of agriculture research knowledge in the area of agricultural informatics. A foundation for further studies was created for continuous e-agriculture research in South Africa.
42
Silva, Silvana Cristina da 1980. "A familia de municipios do agronegocio : expressao da especialização produtiva no front agricola." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286976.
Анотація:
Orientador: Marcio Antonio CataiaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T03:18:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_SilvanaCristinada_M.pdf: 3431358 bytes, checksum: 83ebb8200b5dedc0c194b13c11199b99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender o processo de criação de novos municípios no front agrícola do estado do Mato Grosso. Partimos da hipótese de que o município promove a atividade da moderna agricultura nessa região. A produção de commodities, em particular a soja, gerou centros urbanos que se emanciparam politicamente, originando a família de municípios do agronegócio, expressão concreta da necessidade do poder político da urbanização no front. Isso se deve ao fato do município no Brasil ser uma esfera do poder Estatal, ou seja, ele regula o território mediante criação de leis e organiza-o através de suas políticas públicas territoriais locais. Na família de municípios do agronegócio o poder político local direciona os investimentos para o uso corporativo do território. Os investimentos em fluidez e, mesmo a política local voltadas à população em geral, garante as condições para a racionalidade econômica do circuito espacial produtivo da soja, reforçando a especialização produtiva desses lugares. Dessa maneira, o município apresenta-se frágil frente à ação dos agentes hegemônicos do mercado global. A família de municípios do agronegócio constitui pontos luminosos no território, revelando a imposição da competitividade entre os lugares, uma vez que fora criada para dotar o território com normas e objetos técnicos orientados à atividade produtiva de commodities. A federação brasileira oferece facilidades à expansão da produção capitalista ao privilegiar a competição, ao invés da cooperação entre os municípios
Abstract: The present thesis aims to understand the creation process of new borough in the agricultural front of the Mato Grosso state. We begin from the hypothesis that the borough promotes the activity of the modern agricultural in that region. The commodities production, at special the soya, generates urban centers that has became borough with self political administration, giving origin to the agribusiness family of borough, one concrete expression of the political power necessity of the urbanization in the front. This is due to the fact the borough in Brazil to be a sphere of the power state, i.e., it regulates the territory by creation of laws and organizes it with its local territory political publics. In the agribusiness borough family the local political power directs the investment for the corporative use of the territory. The investments in fluidity and, even local political for the general population, guarantee the conditions for the economical rationality of soya productive spatial circuit, reinforcing the productive specialization of those places. In this ways, the borough self-presents weak in front of the hegemony agent actions of the global sale. The agribusiness borough family constitutes bright spots in the territory, revealing the obligatory imposition of the competitiveness among the places, since it was created to endow the territory with norms and technical objects oriented to productive activity of commodities. The Brazilian federation offers facilities to capitalist production of the expansion, to favour the competition in stead of the cooperation among the borough
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
43
Geron, Liduvino S. "Action research as a framework for systemic and organic change." Thesis, View thesis, 1992. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/185.
Анотація:
This document outlines how organizational action was mobilized in examing and improving current organizational practices. The study was conducted in a technical task-based research organization in the Philippines and was triggered by a concern for the seeming unfavorable feedback the organization receives from the external environment. An analysis of the organizational situation showed among other factors, the apparent lack of a mechanism that relates the organization's research findings to policy making. Through action researching and using the Soft Systems Methodology as a framewrok, an action plan was developed which is designed to improve the situation. The document also discusses insights and lessons learnt in the conduct of action research. Particular focus was placed on key issues that affect individual participation and organizational actions; and how action research fares as a potential framework for organic and systemic change. From the examination of the action research experience, it became apparent that in order to fully harness the potentials of action researching, opportunities for individual participation must be well distributed and taken by the action research members. The factors affecting individual participation in group processes such as group needs, group culture and power issues in and out of the group, must likewise be addressed. This is to promote coordination, commitment and critical consciousness among group members which are essential in effecting organic and systemic change. As the research was conducted within the broad setting of agricultural research, where efforts are placed to enhance agricultural development, this document likewise discusses the potential of action research as an alternative framewrok for Research and Development (R and D) activities. It presents how action research can mobilize grassroots initiatives and actions which are crucial to a sustainable agricultural development.
44
Gedikoglu, Haluk McCann Laura. "Adoption of nutrient management practices." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6614.
Анотація:
Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Laura McCann. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
45
Bergamin, Márcia Cristina. "Da penúria ao sucesso econômico: o processo de formação e desenvolvimento territorial de Santa Maria de Jetibá no Espírito Santo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-22082016-133354/.
Анотація:
Esta tese aborda o processo de formação territorial e de crescimento econômico de Santa Maria de Jetibá, um município do Espírito Santo. Objetiva-se, então, compreender o processo de transformação de Santa Maria de Jetibá, que vai de um longo período de penúria dos agricultores ao crescimento econômico recente. Produzindo alimentos, o município conquistou o maior valor adicionado da agropecuária do Espírito Santo e destaca-se como o segundo maior produtor de ovos do país e no âmbito estadual como produtor de alimentos orgânicos e hortaliças. Buscou-se identificar as condicionantes materiais e imateriais que foram determinantes no processo de formação e transformação desse território e que explicam o seu crescimento econômico. O trabalho de campo foi organizado em duas partes. Na primeira, tomando como referência o processo de trabalho, segundo Marx, e suas alterações decorrentes da incorporação de tecnologias, foram elaborados roteiros de entrevistas. Entrevistou-se agricultores familiares e não familiares e diferentes tipos de avicultores. Na segunda, para entender a estruturação das principais atividades econômica, entrevistou-se representantes de instituições pertinentes ao objetivo da tese. Identificou-se como condicionante imaterial a dimensão ética do trabalho dos pomeranos e seus descendentes, os quais sempre apresentaram severa disciplina para o trabalho que os diferenciava dos demais imigrantes europeus. Tal ética tornou-se uma qualidade desse grupo humano que por ser proveniente de uma província onde não teve acesso a propriedade da terra e por não ter uma nação que o representasse, encontrou na migração para esse território uma possibilidade de crescer economicamente por meio do trabalho. Além disso, a experiência com atividades comerciais de um determinado grupo de avicultores, contribuiu para a estruturação de uma cadeia produtiva com elevado nível de verticalização, que conferiu caráter competitivo à atividade, mesmo em um contexto produtivo desfavorável. Como condicionantes materiais destacam-se: a construção de estradas interligando Santa Maria de Jetibá a importantes centros consumidores e a introdução e ampliação da rede de energia elétrica na zona rural, duas condições gerais de produção fundamentais para as atividades agropecuárias; a modernização da agricultura, que disponibilizou crédito, insumos e meios de produção modernos; a evolução constante das inovações tecnológicas voltadas para a agropecuária, sempre ampliando a produtividade e reduzindo o tempo de produção; a ampliação do mercado consumidor em função da industrialização e da urbanização do estado; a abertura do mercado que permitiu importar as inovações que automatizaram a avicultura de postura; as condições naturais favoráveis à produção de hortaliças e de ovos e a proximidade de grandes centros consumidores. Constatou-se também, que existem importantes diferenças tecnológicas entre a avicultura de postura e a produção de hortaliças convencionais e orgânicas. Enquanto na primeira, constituída somente por um produto, grande parte das barreiras impostas pela natureza à reprodução do capital foi eliminada pelas inovações técnicas, na segunda, constituída por inúmeras variedades de cultivos, muitas barreiras naturais ainda permanecem. Assim, na avicultura de postura predominam granjas de porte grande e o trabalho assalariado, enquanto a produção de hortaliças ocorre em pequenas propriedades e assentada no trabalho familiar.These thesis approach the process of territorial formation and grow of Santa Maria De Jetiba a town in the State of Espirito Santo. Hence the goal is to understand the process of transformation of Santa Maria de Jetiba from a long period of hardship to the recently farmers economic grow. Producing food, the town conquer a high value of agriculture in the State and stands out as a second major on eggs production, also producing organic food and vegetables in the State. The identification of material and non-material elements, it was crucial for the process formation of the territory and transformation, explaining the economic growth. The fieldwork it was organized in to two parts. The fist part taking reference on the working process by Marx,and alterations as a result of the technology introduction, with elaboration of interview to farmers family members and non family members also to poultry farmers.The second part was to understand about the structure of the major economic activities, representatives of institutions related to the thesis goal. It was identified the ethical work dimension of the pomeranos and descendants, always demonstrating severe work discipline that made them standout from others european imigrants. That ethic it was a quality, despite the fact that they did not have land access and for not having a nation represented. The migration to this territory it was a possibility of economic grow through work. In addition the poultry farmers experience for commercial activities, contributed with a structure for a production chain and high level of verticality given a competitive character to the activities. Even without a favorable production context. For instance some material elements should be consider: road construction connecting Santa Maria De Jetiba to consumers majors centers ,implantation and extending of power lines in rural district are key conditions for production and agriculture, credit availability, components and modern production, constant technology evolution, innovation in agriculture, increasing productivity and decreasing production time, growth of consumers as a result from the State industrialization and urbanization, the open market that brings innovations to the automation in poultry laying, favorable natural conditions for vegetables and eggs production, close to major consumers centers. It was possible to noted the difference in technology from poultry laying and conventional vegetables and organics production. The fist constitute only by one product, the technical innovations eliminates natural barriers. On the second, because of variety of cultures, natural barriers still present. Therefore, in poultry laying the farms are predominantly bigger, the workers get paid a fixed amount of money monthly, in vegetables production the farms are smaller and the work are made by the family.
46
Foko, Emmanuel. "Transforming mature industries into growth industries : the case of US peanuts." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/809.
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Iruria, Daniel Muriuki. "An information systems study on the generation, communication, and utilisation of information on agricultural technology and innovations for small-scale farmers in Kenya." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299078.
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Agbobli, Edem Korku. "The influence of entrepreneurial and market orientations on small scale agricultural enterprises in the Vryburg region." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/223.
Анотація:
Thesis (D. Tech. (Business Administration )) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013.A major concern for developing countries including South Africa is the high levels of unemployment, poverty and inequity. Developing countries have accordingly been pre-occupied with finding solutions to these problems. Drawing on the success of small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) from the developed countries such as the US and the UK, developing nations have embraced the idea of promoting development through SMMEs. But the overall performance of the small business sector in most developing countries has rather been dismal and as such have not been able to contribute optimally to the development agenda. Adopting a strategic management perspective, this study hypothesised that an integration of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientations (MO) glued together by innovativeness (INNO) would yield superior outcomes than the stand-alone effects of these strategic postures. To test the hypothesis, a sample of 198 small scale agricultural enterprises (SSAEs) in the Vryburg region was surveyed. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed on the data generated. The empirical findings showed that EO + MO + INNO interactively exhibited positive and significant correlation with the performance (sales growth and profitability) of SSAEs in the Vryburg region. However, the inter-correlations of EO + MO + INNO with business performance were practically moderate. The moderate correlations create opportunities for strengthening the entrepreneurial and market orientations and innovativeness of SSAES and in fact small businesses in general. An intensive and co-ordinated intervention of government and NGOs in transforming the small business sector into the real engine of growth of the economy is imperative. The study also attempted to predict firm performance holding EO + EO + INNO as predictor variables. Multi linear regression and multinomial logistic regression analysis however did not yield significant predictions of performance of SSAEs. This outcome provides a launch pad for further research into the proposed model in different settings because this study was mainly exploratory and executed in a rural and agricultural environments. Notwithstanding, the study made important contributions to the literature. It showed that it was possible to integrate EO + MO + INNO (previously viewed by many authors as exclusive constructs) into a single business model for the synergic enhancement of small business performance. It is hoped this would stimulate economic growth and development especially in developing countries.
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Alhassoumi, Hadizatou. "Innovations, dynamiques et mutations sociales : les femmes productrices de sésame de la Sirba (Ouest du Niger) et leurs initiatives collectives." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20012.
Анотація:
Ce travail porte l’étude des innovations autour d’activités agricoles, notamment la valorisation de la culture du sésame considérée comme une culture de femmes dans l’Ouest du Niger. Pour appréhender les dynamiques en cours, l’étude procède d’une analyse des rapports de genre à travers les pratiques sociales et culturelles au sein du milieu concerné. L’analyse des processus d’émergence des initiatives collectives des femmes a permis de mettre en évidence des positions sociales mais aussi des capacités d’action ayant favorisé des reconnaissances institutionnelles. Les groupements constitués dans le cadre des activités maraîchères et de celles de la mise en valeur du sésame offrent un cadre d’apprentissage associatif favorable à la construction d’une identité collective. La mise en œuvre d’innovations techniques et les interactions qu’elles nécessitent permettent aux femmes l’acquisition de compétences contribuant à l’émergence d’une identité socioprofessionnelleThis study is based on innovations in agricultural activities, notably the valorization of sesame cultivation which is considered as women’s activity in Western Niger. To understand the current dynamisms, this study proceeds by analyzing gender relationship through social and cultural practices within the study region. The analyses of the emergence of women’s collective initiatives permitted us to bring to light their social positions and their capacity to act has greatly favored their institutional recognition. The groupings involved in horticultural activities and those valorizing sesame offer a favorable learning framework for the construction of collective identity. The implementation of technical innovations and the necessary interactions as a result let women acquire the competence that contributes to the emergence of their socioprofessional identity
50
Moloto, K. P. "The potential of sustainable agricultural practices to enhance soil carbon sequestration and improve soil quality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4257.
Анотація:
Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development, Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sustainable agricultural management practices have a profound impact on soil carbon sequestration. The amount of carbon that can be stored in a given soil is influenced by climate, soil type, and the quality and quantity of organic inputs. Together, the interactive effect of these factors determines the Soil Organic Content (SOC). Sustainable agricultural management practices influencing Soil Organic Matter (SOM) include application of organic amendments, conservation tillage, and use of cover crops, crop rotations, crop residue management, and nutrient management. Increasing SOC enhances soil quality, reduces soil erosion, and increases agricultural productivity with considerable on-farm and off-farm benefits. To assess how management practices affect SOC, two case studies were conducted in Yavatmal district of Maharashtra in India and Lynedoch near Stellenbosch. The first case study examined the differences in SOC content on four farms each managed with 13 different sustainable agricultural techniques and one farm managed under conventional management practices. The second case study investigated the SOC differences between an organic and a conventional vegetable farm. The results of both studies show that farms that are managed under sustainable agricultural practices generally contain higher SOC content than farms that are managed under conventional agricultural practices.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om te bepaal hoe bestuurspraktyke Grondlikke Organise Koolstoff raak, is twee gevallestudies in die distrikte Yavatmal in Maharashtra, Indië, en Lynedoch buite Stellenbosch uitgevoer. Die eerste gevallestudie het die verskille in Grondlikke Organise Koolstoff -inhoud bekyk op vier plase waar 13 verskillende Volhoubare landboubestuurspraktyke het ‟n diepgaande impak op grondkoolstof-beslaglegging. Die hoeveelheid koolstof wat binne gegewe grond gestoor kan word, word deur klimaat, grondsoort en die gehalte en hoeveelheid organiese toevoer beïnvloed. Saam bepaal die interaktiewe effek van vermelde faktore die Grondlikke Organise Koolstoff -inhoud. Volhoubare landboubestuurspraktyke wat Grondlikke Organise Materiaal beïnvloed, sluit in die toediening van organiese verbeterings, bewaringsgrondbewerking, die gebruik van dekkingsoeste, oesrotasies, die hantering van oesresidu en voedingstofbestuur. Vermeerdering van Grondlikke Organise Koolstoff verhoog grondgehalte, verminder gronderosie en vermeerder landbouproduktiwiteit met aansienlike voordele op en verwyderd van die plaas. volhoubare landboutegnieke in die bestuurproses toegepas word, en een plaas wat volgens konvensionele bestuurspraktyke bedryf word. Met die tweede gevallestudie is ondersoek gedoen na die Grondlikke Organise Koolstoff -verskille tussen ‟n organiese en ‟n konvensionele groenteplaas. Die uitslae van albei studies dui daarop dat plase wat volgens volhoubare landboupraktyke bestuur word oor die algemeen hoër Grondlikke Organise Koolstoff-inhoud aantoon in vergelyking met plase wat volgens konvensionele landboupraktyke bedryf word.