Дисертації з теми "Agricultural Growth System"
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Yen, Meng-Fen Yen. "Three Essays on International Trade, Market Structure, and Agricultural Cooperatives." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502465536450035.
Повний текст джерелаCampeão, Patrícia. "Sistemas locais de produção agroindustrial: um modelo de competitividade." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3292.
Повний текст джерелаFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
This work concerns the research field on agribusiness and local development. The importance of the agribusiness in the Brazilian economy has justified the wide discussion on forms of promoting the invigoration of the sector. The technological evolution of agriculture in the world and, in particular in Brazil, has induced the accomplishment of changes in the structure and in Agro industrial operation, resulting in a new organizational dynamic based on some key factors as specialization and flexibility. Those factors have been inducing the search for forms of productive organizations that favor the increase of competitiveness under the point of view of efficiency and of productive effectiveness, that is, to offer a product in the amount and in the quality disputed, and at the right moment. On the other hand, the development of agribusiness has also been seen under another angle, other than that addressing the economic growth purely. The need to understand and to minimize the present socioeconomic disparities in the Brazilian territory, has been guiding actions of development of agribusiness in the sense of seeking the satisfaction of economic and social factors present in each territory. For such, the social and cultural characteristics start to have greater influence in the detailing of actions of economical invigoration of a given territory. Thus, this work seeks to investigate theoretical approaches and practical cases associated to the concept of Local System of Production, based on the organization of productive activities based on proximity economies and on the interaction logic. For such, the methodology used incorporates the method of study of multiple cases and the techniques of direct and indirect documentation, and intense direct observation. This work proposes a model of development of the competitiveness of local systems of production, especially based on agribusiness. The model identifies factors relevant to the competitiveness of these systems, resulting from the interaction between factors of organizacional, institucional and social-cultural order present in the local environment. The results extend the knowledge of the social-economical dynamics of these types of productive systems, identifying the importance of the human capital and of the institutional capital in the development of the competitiveness of the local companies, especially those which are small sized, and in the economic and social growth of the territory, under the perspective of sustainable development.
Este trabalho se insere no campo de pesquisa sobre agronegócio e desenvolvimento local. A importância do agronegócio na economia brasileira tem justificado a ampla discussão sobre formas de se promover o fortalecimento do setor. A evolução tecnológica da agricultura no mundo e, em particular no Brasil, induziu a realização de mudanças na estrutura e no funcionamento dos Sistemas Agroindustriais, resultando numa nova dinâmica organizacional baseada em alguns fatores chaves como a especialização e a flexibilidade. Esses fatores têm induzido a busca por formas de organizações produtivas que favoreçam o aumento da competitividade sob a ótica da eficiência e da eficácia produtiva, isto é, oferecer um produto na quantidade e na qualidade demandadas, e no momento certo. Por outro lado, o desenvolvimento do agronegócio também tem sido visto sob outro ângulo, além daquele direcionado puramente ao crescimento econômico. A necessidade de compreender e de minimizar as disparidades sócio-econômicas presentes no território brasileiro tem orientado ações de desenvolvimento do agronegócio no sentido de buscar a satisfação de fatores econômicos e sociais presentes num território. Para tanto, as características sociais e culturais passam a influenciar mais efetivamente no delineamento de ações de fortalecimento econômico de um dado território. Sendo assim, este trabalho procura investigar abordagens teóricas e casos práticos associados ao conceito de Sistema Local de Produção, fundamentado na organização de atividades produtivas com base nas economias de proximidade e na lógica da interação. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada incorpora o método de estudo de múltiplos casos e as técnicas de documentação direta e indireta. Este trabalho propõe um modelo de desenvolvimento da competitividade de sistemas locais de produção, especialmente calcados no agronegócio. O modelo identifica fatores relevantes à competitividade desses sistemas, decorrentes da interação entre fatores de ordem organizacional, institucional e sócio-cultural presentes no meio local. Os resultados obtidos ampliam o conhecimento da dinâmica sócio-economica desses tipos de sistema produtivo, identificando a importância do capital humano e do capital institucional no desenvolvimento da competitividade das empresas locais, notadamente as de pequenas dimensões, e no crescimento econômico e social do território, obtidos sob a ótica do desenvolvimento auto-sustentável.
van, Buuren Rudolph B. "BUSINESS INTEGRATION AS BASIS FOR GROWTH IN SMALL AND MEDIUM AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 6, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/506.
Повний текст джерелаIncreased diversity in the agricultural sector in South Africa is forcing farmers to focus on the production of value-added commodities in the face of mounting global competitive pressures. However, many farmers, by operating individually, are unable to expand operations to the scale necessary to become involved in value-adding processing. This requires too much capital, skills, and time. By pooling resources and forming integrated small and medium sized agricultural enterprises even small producers can enter the processing arena successfully. This paper focuses on the specific driving forces, pitfalls and strategies that agricultural SMEs need to pursue in order to survive.
Lowman, James Scott. "Utilizing Beneficial Bacterial Endophytes to Promote Switchgrass Growth in Low- input Agricultural Production Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56480.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Araujo, João Paulo Campos de. "Influência de sistemas de manejo na produção e nas reservas de pessegueiro precoce (Prunus pérsica (L.) Batsch.) cultivado em clima tropical." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-25042005-153619/.
Повний текст джерелаThe precocity maturation is the main factor of economical success of the producing of peach from São Paulo, in view of that fact the very big demand exists goes new techniques that make possible the improvement of the quality of the fruits and the larger precocity in the crop. This work seeks to verify the influence of the systems of prunings and maintenance of the leaves after the crop in the carboidrates reservations in the structured in branches and roots of the peach tree of cultivating Flordaprince, to verify the production of those plants and the quality of the fruits in function of the reservations to verify the efficiency of the use of the vegetable regulator 2,4-DP (acid diclofenoxipropiônico), in function of the reservations of existent soluble carboidrates in the plants, as well its possible effect in the quality of the obtained fruits. The work was established at Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz of Queiroz, in Piracicaba. The experimental design used was of blocks at random, consisting of 9 treatments and 4 repetitions. Each portion was composed by 4 plants. The data were submitted the variance analyses and to the comparison of the averages for the Test of Tukey. The adopted spacing was of 3,0 X 1,2 meters, corresponding to 2777 plants hectare-1. The plants were driven in system central leader, and all received the irrigation practices, nutrition, numbness break, and treatments to keep healthy plants were maid, sprouts were removed, usually used. The prunings were accomplished soon after the crop, in the end of August of 2003, when of the occasion of the installation of the experiment. Samples of roots and branches, that were collected were triturated, droughts in greenhouses, milled and submitted to the laboratory analysis. It was verified the tenors of total soluble carboidrates in the branch and in the root of the peach tree plants. The growth of the fruits presented the form of a curve double sigmóide. The treatment where didn't happen defoliates of summer presented larger production of fruits, and larger number of fruits for plant. The application of the vegetable regulator 2,4-DP didn't promote significant increase in the dimensions of the fruits, it still caused a fall in the tenor of soluble solids and it promoted an improvement in the coloration of the fruits, in the exposed face and in the bottom of the fruit. It still happened an anticipation in the crop in bristle of 7 days due to application of the vegetable regulator. The concentration of soluble carboidrates in the roots and in the branches it floated in agreement with the time in that they were collected, inside of the cycle of the plant, and the concentration in the roots was always superior that found in the branches. The renewal pruning caused a fall in the production and a smaller number of fruits for plant.
Kern, James D. "Energetics of a sustainable crop-livestock system." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41918.
Повний текст джерелаThis study compares the energy utilization of two systems for producing cattle of desirable slaughter weight and grade from weanlings. Both systems produce beef cattle as a primary output; various types of baled hay are produced as a secondary output. One system uses generally accepted, "best management practices" while the other uses experimental, sustainable agriculture techniques. Since the adoption of new practices in agriculture often hinges on economics, an economic comparison is also presented.
Beef produced in the sustainable system required 32% less energy per kilogram than that produced in the conventional system. However, baled alfalfa produced in the sustainable system required 8% more energy per kilogram than the alfalfa grown in the conventional system. When all types of hay were considered, the sustainable system used 7% more energy to produce one kilogram of baled hay. To compare the energetics of the two systems on a whole farm basis, the amount of energy required to produce one dollar of return was calculated. The sustainable system required 12.4 megajoules to produce one dollar of return, while the conventional system required 17.1 megajoules to produce the same return. Although economic returns on beef and alfalfa production were comparable in the two systems studied, the conventional system showed greater returns on the whole farm, due to a greater export of baled hay.Master of Science
Patton, Mark Evans Mr. "The Agricultural Growth and Malting Production of Barley Grains in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3061.
Повний текст джерелаGonz?alez, Rico Antonio. "Growth characteristics and water demand of three Quercus species under reduced irrigation using a computer-controlled irrigation system /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487843314696831.
Повний текст джерелаNorton, E. R., and H. J. Borrego. "Evaluation of Plant Growth Regulator Formulations in Arizona Cotton Production Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198211.
Повний текст джерелаNorton, E. R., and H. J. Borrego. "Evaluation of Envoke by Pix Interaction in Arizona Cotton Production Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198193.
Повний текст джерелаNorton, E. R., and H. Borrego. "Evaluation of Commercial Harvest Aid Products in Arizona Upland Cotton Production Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198210.
Повний текст джерелаNorton, E. R., and D. L. Hatch. "2006 Evaluation of Commercial Harvest Aid Materials in Arizona Cotton Production Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198216.
Повний текст джерелаLongest, Robert Joseph. "Tillage System Effects On Upland Cotton Yield and Development In Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77423.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Anderson, Victoria M. "CALENDULA OFFICINALIS GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY COMPOUNDS IN GREENHOUSE AND SOIL-BASED HERBAL ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/26.
Повний текст джерелаMorales, Garcia Dagobiet. "The effects of saline irrigation water on the growth and development of bell pepper «Capsicum annuum L.)» grown using a plasticulture system." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32374.
Повний текст джерелаLa salinité affecte la production alimentaire partout dans le monde. Il est donc important de gérer adéquatement l'eau saline pour réduire les effets négatifs sur les plantes, le sol et les nappes souterraines. Le poivron (Capsicum annuum L.) est modérément sensible à la salinité et requiert une forte demande en eau pour maximiser les rendements. Ce projet visait à étudier les effets de différents niveaux de salinité (0.2 à 9.0 dS∙m−1) et l'utilisation de l'irrigation goutte-à-goutte et de paillis pour la gestion de l'eau dans les champs de poivrons. Pendant la formation des fruits, la conduction des stomates (gs), la transpiration (E) et la photosynthèse (A) ont diminué en fonction de l'augmentation de la salinité. Les plants sur paillis avaient de plus grandes gs, E et A que les plants sans paillis. La croissance était réduite par la salinité mais augmentait avec le paillis. L'eau saline (0.2 ou 0.5 dS∙m−1) a réduit le rendement vendable alors que les plants sur paillis avaient un meilleur rendement que les plants sans paillis. Sous des conditions limitées de lessivage des sels, les plants sur paillis ont nécessité moins d'eau à tous les niveaux de salinité que les plants sans paillis ce qui a réduit la salinisation du sol. Les effets de l'eau saline sur les semis ont réduit leur émergence seulement à des salinités de plus de 3.5 dS∙m−1. En général, la croissance (poids sec) et les niveaux de gs, E et A étaient réduits à 2.5 dS∙m−1. L'application d'eau saline (2.5 dS∙m−1) à différents stades de croissance, avec un lessivage des sels limité, a montré que les plants sans paillis croissaient plus lentement que les
Mugittu, Vera Florida. "Influencing innovation structures and processes in agro-industries dominated by subsistence producers : an analysis of the rural poultry industry in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33109.
Повний текст джерелаAtadja, Franklin Komla. "Sustainability Challenges for Maize and Cassava Farmers in Amankwakrom Subdistrict, Ghana." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10243184.
Повний текст джерелаAgricultural system in Ghana underperformed because of limited financing, which constrained some small-scale maize and cassava farmers. The purpose of this case study design was to explore the methods that some small-scale maize and cassava farmers in Amankwakrom Subdistrict used in obtaining farm financing. Two themes from the literature review were a lack of collateral for small-scale farm financing and the small-scale farmers cooperative associations? role in farm financing. Regional-scale management sustainability index formed the conceptual framework for this study. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews with 8 fluent English speaking small-scale maize and cassava farmers who have obtained farm financing in the previous years. Using the Microsoft Excel and Non-numerical unstructured data indexing and theorizing software program for data analysis method, 3 major themes emerged: the farmer?s membership benefits of working in cooperative associations; farmer?s ability to provide the collateral requirements for the financial institutions; and farmer?s good loan repayment history. The study findings indicated that some small-scale maize and cassava farmers obtained farm loans because they used the cooperative associations as their collateral assets in order to satisfy for the requirements of the financial institutions. Social implications include the potential to guide the small-scale maize and cassava farmers to access farm credits to use in expanding their farm sizes. Expansion in farm sizes may result in more maize and cassava production that can help eliminate hunger and reduce poverty in the Amankwakrom Subdistrict of Ghana.
Brown, Kelly Rae. "Effects of l-carnitine on gilt growth, fetal growth and fetal muscle characteri[s]tics, and the IFG system in pigs harvested at day 40, 55, and 70 of gestation." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/162.
Повний текст джерелаFilho, Luiz Carlos Demattê. "Sistema agroalimentar da avicultura fundada em princípios da Agricultura Natural: multifuncionalidade, desenvolvimento territorial e sustentabilidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-07112014-150141/.
Повний текст джерелаThis research study refers to the activities and relationships developed around a Brazilian agrifood company named Korin Agropecuária Ltda. With a peculiar origin, this company was founded with the purpose of putting into practice the principles, concepts and methods originated from the Nature Farming system. NF is an agricultural approach created and advocated by Mokiti Okada (Japan, 1882-1955). Okada emphasized the necessity of a perfect balance between human activities and the nature forces in order to achieve good results in the production, favouring food safety, nature interaction and respect, health, and the social-economic well-being of all players of this system. According to Okada, Nature Farming is one of the pillars of true civilization and an ideal society where health, prosperity and peace are predominant. Thus, while a productive method, perfectly fits in the idea of sustainable agriculture since its methodological aspects as the non-use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics, growth promoters and other synthetic inputs, leading to a social-environmental approach to agriculture, with a focus on differentiated quality food. Regarding chicken meat and eggs regular production, we discuss the concerns about the overuse of antibiotics and growth promoters, showing the technical evolution of this particularly verticalized system where these substances are not used and the animal welfare is highly take into consideration. As a priority, we address in this work, sustainability from the point of view of the multifunctionality of agriculture and also addressing the company\"s development from the perspective of Localized Agrifood Systems. Considering these approaches, we conducted a qualitative research on twenty eight integrated farmers who are linked to the company, applying semi-structured questionnaire. The objective was to explore and describe their attitudes, perceptions and experiences in relation to the company concepts and methods towards the environment, food safety, and their socio-economic conditions. With regard to corporate headquarters, located in a farm on a rural area, we present a study on the sustainability of the production system through a social-environmental indicator developed by Embrapa, named APOIA - NovoRural. This indicator was designed to analyse rural productive units with focus on the environmental management based on local context. The company have achieved an excellent sustainability index (0.87), due to its history for more than twenty years of Nature Farming\'s handling. Peculiarly this Nature Farming complex is inserted at the confluence of two conservation units of the state of São Paulo, called Environmental Protected Areas of Corumbataí and of Piracicaba, which reinforces the need to search for environmentally suitable models of agrifood production. The data obtained from this study with the integrated farmers have allowed us to verify that the dimensions of multifunctionality of agriculture are being recognized within this particular territory, streamlining and consolidating this agrifood localized system under a sustainability perspective in agriculture.
Durant, Valerie A. "Sustainable urban agriculture and forestation : the edible connected city." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26246.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MTRP)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Town and Regional Planning
unrestricted
Munoz, Laura C. V. "Spreading The Char: The Importance of Local Compatibility in the Diffusion of Biochar Systems to the Smallholder Agriculture Community Context." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/102.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Seungjun. "Improving Lettuce Productivity while Suppressing Biofilm Growth and Comparing Bacterial Profiles of Root Area and Nutrient Solutions in Windowfarm Systems." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398988586.
Повний текст джерелаLaudick, Julia Ann. "Microbial Biostimulants in Organic Farming Systems: Patterns of Current Use and an Investigation of Their Efficacy in Different Soil Environments." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1483689529339271.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Villiers Johannes Jacobus. "The influence of different production systems, planting densities and levels of shading on the yield, quality and growth potential of 'Chandler' strawberry plants (Fragaria ananassa) grown in coir /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2624.
Повний текст джерелаMelka, Hailu Dadi. "Genetic parameter estimates for weaning traits in a multibreed beef cattle population." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52285.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters as well as to evaluate the influence of some genetic factors on preweaning growth traits in a multi breed beef cattle population. These preweaning growth traits were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and average daily gain (ADG). Three aspects were addressed in this particular study; namely the Estimation of (co)variance components and genetic parameters, the effect of sire breeds and dam genotypes and the contribution of Charolais and Angus breeding levels on weaning traits in a multibreed beef cattle herd. Variance components and resulting genetic parameters of BW, WW and ADG in the population were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedures. Four different unitrait and multitrait animal models were fitted ranging from a simple model with the animal direct effects as the only random effect to the model allowing for both genetic and permanent maternal environmental effects. The model that included directgenetic and permanent maternal environmental effects generally best described the data analysed. The simple model ignoring maternal effects most likely inflated direct heritability estimates. Direct heritability estimates were 0.11, 0.19, and 0.15 for BW, WW and ADG, respectively, fitting a multitrait model that comprised of both the genetic and maternal environmental effects. Under this comprehensive model, maternal heritabilties were low under both analyses, ranging from 0.02 to 0.10. Permanent maternal environmental effects were more important than maternal additive genetic effects for WW and ADG. Direct and maternal genetic correlations range from 0.42 to 0.44 for BW, -0.22 to -0.25 for WW and -0.17 to -0.23 for ADG, while the corresponding estimates ofunitrait analysis varied from 0.58 to 0.61 for BW, -0.43 to-0.53 for WW and -0.49 to -0.79 for ADG. The effect of Charolais and Hereford sires and dam breed genotypes on BW and WW in calves of Hereford, F I, two and three breed rotational as well as terminal crosses among the Charolais, Hereford, Angus and Bonsmara breeds were investigated. BW and WW of the Charolais sired calves were significantly (P
Mertens, Michael Mercer. "Implications of Local and Regional Food Systems: Toward a New Food Economy in Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1892.
Повний текст джерелаSHAHZAD, GUL I. RAYNA. "BIOCONTROL STRATEGIES AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/850186.
Повний текст джерелаAchuo, George. "Partner satisfaction and renewal likelihood in consumer supported agriculture (CSA) : a case study of The Equiterre CSA network." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19555.
Повний текст джерелаNguegang, Asaa Prosper. "L'agriculture urbaine et périurbaine à Youndé: analyse fonctionnelle d'une activité montante en économie de survie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210392.
Повний текст джерелаComme la plupart des villes africaines, Yaoundé, capitale du Cameroun, est confrontée aux phénomènes d’urbanisation croissante. Cette urbanisation rapide n’est pas accompagnée d’une croissance économique. En fait, le pouvoir d’achat extrêmement bas, le chômage, le sous-emploi, la pauvreté, voire la misère, ont amené une frange importante de la population à inventer de nouvelles solutions pour s’assurer un revenu. C’est alors qu’apparaît le phénomène d’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine. La caractérisation de cette agriculture a mis en évidence une interaction entre les catégories d’acteurs, les types d’espaces, les types de cultures, les produits obtenus et les revenus moyens générés. Il ressort de l’analyse des résultats que cette forme d’agriculture emploie près de 2000 personnes, pour la plupart des jeunes et, surtout, des femmes, dont la moyenne d’âge est de 35 ans. C’est une activité basée principalement dans les bas-fonds marécageux, le bas des pentes, les abords des routes avec une forte pression sur l’espace. Les cultures sont diversifiées et sont à dominance maraîchère, vivrière et floricole. Elles varient en fonction des trois espaces étudiés, à savoir l’auréole urbaine, la zone périurbaine et l’hinterland rural.
L’analyse du système de commercialisation a mis en évidence trois types de circuits à travers lesquels les produits transitent des producteurs aux consommateurs. Ce sont notamment les circuits longs, les circuits courts et les circuits directs. Dans ces circuits de commercialisation, la régulation du marché se réalise au niveau de tous les intervenants. Cela signifie que les prix des produits ne sont pas fixés d’avance, mais varient en fonction de la demande. En ce qui concerne la rentabilité, l’analyse sur les comptes d’exploitation des cultures de céleri, de ndolé et de morelle noire indique que cette agriculture est rentable avec un gain moyen journalier de près de trois euros pour les producteurs. C’est la raison pour laquelle certains maraîchers estiment qu’à la place d’un travail salarial de près de 75euros / mois, ils préfèrent rester dans leur jardin.
Cependant, aucun cadre juridique et réglementaire lié à l’exercice de cette activité n’est disponible. Aucun article de loi ne l’autorise. Nous avons noté également de nombreuses autres contraintes liées à l’organisation des producteurs, aux pratiques, à la structuration et la mise en marché des produits. Ces résultats ont alors d’importantes implications quant à la compréhension des interactions entre les agriculteurs en ville et le monde politique de Yaoundé. Les fonctions multiples de cette activité tel que l’emploi pour les jeunes, les revenus substantiels pour les couches des populations les plus vulnérables, la gestion des déchets urbains et la beauté du paysage étant autant d’attraits qui concourent à son encouragement.
Les stratégies qui visent à susciter l’implication des producteurs urbains dans le développement de la ville de Yaoundé ont été mises en œuvre à travers la CAUPA (Coalition pour la promotion de l’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine en Afrique). L’intégration de ces stratégies dans les schémas directeurs d’aménagements urbains, pourrait contribuer à concilier les défis d'une amélioration du bien-être des populations en quête de survie. Cette thèse met en évidence la nécessité d’une médiation entre les différentes catégories d’acteurs pour une agriculture urbaine et périurbaine de qualité. Les résultats pourront permettre aux décideurs et administrateurs des villes de disposer d‘informations utiles sur l’importance de cette forme d’agriculture qui est, non seulement montante, mais aussi controversée.
SUMMARY:
As in most African cities, Yaounde, the capital city of Cameroon, is faced with the phenomenon of urbanization. This leads to socio-economic problems especially in food supply and acquisition of basic necessities. The extremely low purchasing power, unemployment, underemployment, poverty - say misery, brought a significant proportion of the population to invent new solutions to ensure basic income through urban and peri-urban agriculture. The characterization of this agricultural system highlights the interaction between various stakeholders, types of spaces and crops, productivity and average revenue generated. Results show that this agricultural system has generated employment for about 2000 people, mainly youths and especially women, with 35 years average age. The activity is based mainly in lowland floody zones, low slope, landscaping roads with increase land pressure. Vegetables, gardening and flowers are dominant diversified crops noticed in the area. These crops vary from urban, peri-urban and rural areas, three landscape which were studied.
The analysis of the marketing chain show three main types of distribution chains through which products pass from producers to consumers. These include long distribution, short distribution and direct channel. In these channels, the regulation of the market is achieved at the level of all stakeholders. This means that the prices of the products are therefore fixed in advance, and also are functions of demand. Regarding profitability, the analysis on the farmer’s accounts of Celery, Bitter leaf and Black nightshade indicates that this agriculture is profitable with an average daily gain of almost 3 euro per producers. That's why some gardeners believes that instead of a salary of almost 75 euro per month, they prefer to stay in their farm.
However, no legal and regulatory framework related to this activity is available in the case of Yaounde. Also, there are many other constraints related to the organization of producers, practices, structuring and implementation of products in the markets. These results have important implications to the understanding of the interaction between farmers and policy makers. The multiple functions of this activity such as youth employment, income for substantial segments of the most vulnerable populations, urban waste management and the beautification of the landscape is as much attraction that contribute to its promotion.
A strategy to encourage the implication of urban producers in the development of the city of Yaounde has been implemented through CAUPA. The integration of these strategies in urban planners, could help for the challenges of improving people’s welfare. Subsequently, this thesis brings forth the need for a mediation between different stakeholders and contributes to good quality of peri-urban agriculture. The results can therefore enable decision-makers and policy to provide useful information on the importance of this form of agriculture which is not only rising, but also controversial.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
"Off-farm employment growth and agricultural land consolidation in China." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-07-1642.
Повний текст джерела(5930507), Lisseth Zubieta. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: crop management systems alter community structure and affect soybean growth and tolerance to water stress." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are best known for their potential to help plants acquire nutrients, especially phosphorous. These microbes improve soil health by promoting soil aggregation and carbon sequestration, and further benefit plants by helping them withstand biotic and abiotic stress. Currently, there are 200 recognized species of AMF within the phylum Glomeromycota. Recent studies indicate that individual AMF species differ in the benefits they provide, with some even acting as parasites. Moreover, AMF community composition can be altered by soil and crop management practices, but the effect of these changes on the benefits conferred by AMF are still not well understood. Consequently, the goal of this study was to determine how two widely used crop management systems can alter the composition of AMF species, and affect the potential for these communities to promote the productivity and drought tolerance. To accomplish this goal, we collected AMF inoculum from a long-term crop systems trial comparing organic and conventional management for use in greenhouse trials where we subjected plants to drought. We collected AMF inoculum during mid-summer when differences between the two management systems were likely cause larger effects on AMF communities, and again in autumn after harvest to see if differences in AMF communities would persist. We determined AMF species composition using next generation sequencing. Results of this study confirm that soil-building practices commonly used in organic farming systems can improve soil health and increase the productivity of food-grade soybeans. They also demonstrate that AMF communities in Indiana croplands are highly diverse, and some of these taxa can improve soybean growth and help plants tolerate water stress. Although the overall diversity of AMF communities did not differ between the organic and conventional management systems in mid-summer, individual AMF taxa did differ between the systems, which were likely responsible for the greater tolerance to water stress observed when plants were amended with inoculum from the organic system. AMF communities present during autumn were significantly different between the two crop management systems, but did not result in differences in drought tolerance of soybeans, indicating that the loss of key AMF taxa in the organic system from the first relative to the second experiment was likely responsible. Finally, plants grown using inoculum from both crop management systems in autumn had greater tolerance to water stress than plants that received a AMF commercial inoculum. This provides further evidence that individual AMF species vary in the benefits they provide, and that the presence of a diverse consortium of AMF species is needed to optimize plant health and productivity in agricultural systems. Agricultural producers should consider incorporating soil-building practices that are commonly used in organic farming systems such as planting winter cover crops, to improve the health of their soil and enhance the productivity of their crops.
Chen, I.-Nan, and 陳益南. "Establishment of a Treatment System for Composting Rice Straw and Agricultural and Animal Wastes and Its Application on the Growth of Agricus blazei Murill." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69606531163833050062.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作研究所
93
Cultivation of Agricus blazei Murill in Taiwan traditionally utilize the plastic bags containing fermented tree barks or sawdust fortified with necessary nutrients. The materials used are primarily imported which result in high production cost yet low yield, consequently deter the application desire of growers. The initial idea of this study came from the utilization of rice straw which is a common agricultural waste in Taiwan. The concern of heavy metal residues originated from industrial pollution strongly daunted the usage of rice straw. On the contrary, no major industrial establishment in Taitung would eliminate the worry of heavy metal pollutants. Preliminary test confirmed the feasibility of using rice straw from Taitung area in cultivating Agricus blazei Murill. One metric ton of dried rice straw was cut into strips of 15 cm long, first soaked in water for 2 days, compiled with animal manure (cow, swine, and poultry in 3 equal parts) and circled by wooden blocks. After 7 days, the temperature of central composts reached 65 ~ 70 C, and subjected to first agitation. Stack was replied up after additional water added, two air venting ducts were inserted, and then the second stage of fermentation initiated until temperature reached 65 C. Agitating then re-supply water before 5 days of fermentation completed (temperature 55 C). The fourth and the last agitation was carried out after 3 days when the temperature dropped to 50 C. 30 kg of sample was selected for analysis; the remainder was adjusted until moisture content was greater than 70%. Compost was put on mushroom bed, sealed and further fermentation took place, temperature rose to above 60 C. After 2 days, the seal was broken and let the bed cooled down to below 29 C. The plantation was carried out followed by covering with newspaper. The mycelium flourished to almost full after 20 days of growth, and then covered with soil (irrigated with 0.5 % CaCO3). The irrigation period lasted for 15 days, when the baby mushroom came out, irrigated more until sporocarp could be collected for analyses. Rice straw from both first and second seasons of paddy rice were conducted and analyzed. The results confirmed that the heavy metal contents all fell within national standards. These findings not only eliminate the necessity of incinerating rice straw thus preventing the air pollution occurred, but also improve the utilization of animal waste, especially alleviate the pollution to air and water. By combining the new application of agricultural resources and the cultivation of healthy foods, this study could enhance the income of farmers, encourage the upgrade of agricultural products, and consequently benefit the agro-business of Taiwan.
Solomon, Lauren Leontine. "Measuring growth potential: a geo-archaeological study of settlement location selection and associated land management practices in Bokoni, Mpumalanga." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21668.
Повний текст джерелаThe economy of Bokoni was centred on farming, with terrace agriculture playing a fundamental role in the construction and location of village sites. This dissertation examined the recursive relationship between soil chemistry and site location at three Bokoni sites: Doornkop, Khutwaneng and Kranskloof. These sites represent the three different phases of occupation in Bokoni. Analysis focused on the correlation of Ca, Mg, K, P, NH4, NO3, CEC and %C to the site contexts. At a macro scale there are substantial similarities with regards to the geology and the soil chemistry; suggesting a strong preference for locating village sites on relatively nutrient rich clay soils. On a more localised scale chemical analysis of the different contexts of these sites (i.e. domestic areas, central enclosures, terraces and non-archaeological areas) explored the agricultural potential of the soil in the various areas. These analyses showed a distinct difference in agricultural potential of soils in stone walled areas. This profile was the result of the nutrient contribution from the underlying soils in combination with either enrichment at the time of occupation, or the ongoing influence of the stone walled structures on the soils. The enrichment of soil in residential sites, whether intentional or accidental, could explain why Bokoni villagers continually reused sites during the earlier part of the sequence, before violence repeatedly disrupted settlement, and thus choice of settlement location, in the area.
LG2017
Ramos, Carlos Filipe Vicente dos. "Sistema de automatização para agricultura de precisão." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/2352.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, precision agriculture has a great importance, once it uses both the acquired knowledge of the traditional techniques of precision farming and the technological automation. Hydroponics is one of the inherent techniques of the precision agriculture. The plants are grown using aqueous solutions and without the availability of the soil. To support the project, a small greenhouse with all the equipment necessary for hydroponics was set up in Ponta do Sol. Within this project, all the development was carried out and, consequently, the results of this project were obtained. One of the major disadvantages of hydroponics automation systems is that they require high investment levels, which it makes too difficult to implement in a small/medium scale or for small-scale regions such as Madeira. Therefore, a system was developed using low-cost elements that automated all control. Wi-Fi microcontrollers were utilised, which measure the various values of the sensors (for example: indoor and outdoor temperature, air humidity, well water height, etc.) and which communicate to the processing centre, being this a Raspberry Pi. In this device, the data is processed to be sent afterwards and stored in a remote database. In addition, a web application was developed to support the user, being possible to verify the environmental conditions over time, the expenses and the management of their productions, using for this, production reports and graphs that allow the correlation of values. A great importance has also been given to monitoring and recovering errors, as this is a system susceptible to failures. In this work, besides all the architectural development between client layers, intermediate layer and data layer, the utilisation of moisture sensors in the root of the plant was also studied. In this way, it was possible to automate the recirculation of water, using algorithms that make possible a high saving in the total time in which the water pump is on. Savings were around 89%. One of the expensive equipment in these systems is the equipment for monitoring and the automatic calibration of the quantity of nutrients, being also created an equipment which performs these functions using low-cost dosing pumps. Finally, it should be noted that the irrigation algorithms and all the saving mechanisms present in this project make this system easily transformable in a project that uses, mainly, photovoltaic energy (rather than just at data acquisition points, as it is most recurrent). This happens because the system is activated when it is only necessary, and it is more frequently activated at the peaks of photovoltaic energy production.
(7037720), Teng Yang. "PRODUCTION AND NUTRITION RECOVERY OF CROPS IN A RECIRCULATING AQUAPONIC SYSTEMS." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMinnaar, Karin. "Effects of Bt crop residues on the development, growth, and reproduction of the freshwater snail, Bulinus tropicus / Karin Minnaar." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13394.
Повний текст джерелаMSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
Ryerson, Nicole B. "Possibilities For the Urban Grower: Finding Sites in the City of Atlanta using Geographic Information Systems." 2015. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/80.
Повний текст джерелаMerrett, Merilyn F. "Breeding systems and reproduction of indigenous shrubs in fragmented ecosystems : Breeding systems and reproduction of indigenous shrubs in fragmented ecosystems :|ba thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Ecology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1508.
Повний текст джерелаChaves, Alexandre Borges dos Santos. "The role of intelligent systems in the development of peer-to-peer systems for energetic distribution management." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/23564.
Повний текст джерелаSistemas Inteligentes são um dos maiores benefícios dos dias de hoje, enquanto a sustentabilidade ambiental é um dos maiores desafios. Este estudo pretende integrar as mais recentes inovações em tecnologias inteligentes com o desenvolvimento de redes de energia inteligentes (Smart Grids) e sistemas Peer-to-Peer (P2P) para distribuição energética. Especificamente, investiga as relações complexas entre estes conceitos, enquanto analisa como desenvolvimentos em cada área influenciam e são influenciados pelas outras. Para isso, este estudo responde a três questões de pesquisa. A primeira relaciona-se com a implementação de Sistemas Inteligentes, a segunda com o desenvolvimento de Redes Inteligentes, e a terceira está relacionada com a possibilidade de construir Sistemas P2P. Para obter conclusões relevantes, foi feita uma extensa revisão de literatura relativa a todos os temas, assim como uma análise estatística de três questionários online. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existem influências e conexões significativas entre o desenvolvimento de tecnologias inteligentes e a implementação de Smart Grids e Sistemas P2P, suportando assim múltiplas hipóteses formuladas para este estudo. Com esta base, são retiradas conclusões que confirmam o elevado valor de cada tópico em separado, e o ainda maior valor dos tópicos quando integrados.
(10711716), Orlando Francisco Rodriguez Izaba. "VALUE-ADDED STRATEGIES IN THE SPECIALTY CROP INDUSTRY: EXPLORING FARMERS' DRIVERS AND STRATEGIES AT THE FARM LEVEL." Thesis, 2021.
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