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1
Hameed, Ahmed Sajid. "The Reality of Extension Works in the Directorate of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Research In Kurdistan Region of Iraq." UHD Journal of Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (April 4, 2024): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v8n1y2024.pp93-98.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study aims to identify the reality of extension works in the Directorate of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Researches in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, and the study area included all governorates of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (Germian, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Dohuk). The research community included all workers in agricultural extension, agricultural research, and agricultural directorates in all governorates, there were 215 respondents. The sample of the respondents includes (71) representing 33% of the population, taken by a simple random sampling method. The data were collected through personal interviews; questionnaire was prepared for this purpose. To confirm the validity, the questionnaire was reviewed by some experts. In general, the reality of extension work was described by the respondents (extension workers and agricultural engineers working in the Agricultural Research and Extension Directorate) as weak. Conducting training courses for agricultural extension workers regarding methods and methods of communication to work with farmers, emphasizing the importance and necessity of linking and coordinating between agricultural extension and education (universities) to graduate a qualified agricultural guide. Cooperation with other research agencies that work on producing and generating agricultural scientific information and practices approved by the Ministry of Agriculture.
2
Chapman, Larry J., Ronald T. Schuler, Cheryl A. Skjolaas, and Terry L. Wilkinson. "Agricultural Work Safety Efforts by Wisconsin Extension Agricultural Agents." Journal of Rural Health 11, no. 4 (September 1995): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1995.tb00427.x.
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Mahmood, Bayan Ahmad Mahmood, and Tahir Mohamed Layek Layek. "The Problems Of The Agricultural Extension Work In The Governorate Of Sulaimany." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 2ndInt.Conf.AGR, Special Issue (February 10, 2018): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10701.
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Hanafiah, M. Ali, Witman Rasyid, and Agus Purwoko. "HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK, MOTIVASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI KOTA BENGKULU." Jurnal AGRISEP 12, no. 1 (April 7, 2013): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.12.1.69-84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this research is to analyze the correlation of the agricultural agents’ characteristics, motivation and competence to their work productivity. This research was conducted in February through April 2013 and used census methods. The study population was defined as many as 33 people of 45 people from the extension of existing civil servants. Data analysis was done by using Product Moment Pearson procedure. The results showed that: 1) some of the agents’ characteristics were correlated significantly with their job productivity, there were period of employment, training, agricultural area in the region of agriculture extension, 2) Some factors of the agents’ motivation were correlated significantly with their job productivity. There are recognition, salary and reward. 3) Some factors of the agents’ competencies were correlated significantly with their job productivity. There are planning, implementating, evaluation of agriculture extension, and communication skills real contact with the work productivity of agricultural extension. 4) Work productivity level of agricultural extension agents still not yet good (“low” category) because four of five factors work productivity as method extension, extension materials and increased knowledge and skills of farmers were low.Keywords: Agricultural Extension Agent, Characteristics, Motivation, Competence, Productivity
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Khuseno, Moch Toha. "PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN LINGKUNGAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KOMPETENSI SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN (Studi Pada Dinas Pertanian Dan Peternakan Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara)." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 15, no. 3 (November 28, 2019): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.15.3.2019.26494.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to determine the effect of training on Agricultural Extension competencies; know the effect of the organization's environment on Agricultural Extension competencies; know the effect of training on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; know the effect of the organizational environment on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; know the training factors and organizational environment on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers through work competence as an intervening variable. This research was carried out using the exploratory method with a quantitative approach with the research location at the North Sulawesi Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department. The number of samples is equal to the total population of 18 people given the small population. Data collection methods used are descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis using path analysis with t-test as hypothesis testing. The results showed that training for Agricultural Extension Workers had a significant effect on work competence; the organizational environment also significantly influences the work competency of Agricultural Extension Workers; work Competence has a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; Training also has a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; the organizational environment has a positive and significant effect on the performance of agricultural instructors; training and Organizational Environment have a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers through their Work Competencies. There is an increase in the direct influence and indirect effect of each variable. *eprm*
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Soedarto, Teguh, Firza Prima Aditiawan, and Adzanil Rachmadhi Putra. "Design of An Agricultural Extension Schedule Management System." Inspiration: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 13, no. 2 (November 24, 2023): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35585/inspir.v13i2.54.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the strategic plan of the Ministry of Agriculture for 2015-2019, development in the agricultural sector will refer to the Agriculture for Development Paradigm which positions the agricultural sector as a driver of balanced and comprehensive development transformation including demographic, economic, intersectoral, spatial, institutional and development governance. With such great potential, the Pasuruan Regency Food and Agriculture Security Service has problems in the availability of human resources in quantity, especially agricultural instructors. For this reason, there is a need for a system that can optimize existing human resources. The system development method used is the waterfall method, the waterfall method is a method that works sequentially, the development of the agricultural extension schedule management system has been going well. So that it can help the work management process of agricultural instructors in distributing agricultural extension at the village level. This agricultural extension schedule management system is implemented using a MySQL database and the PHP programming language. This system is easy to use so it helps related parties in schedule management and recording extension activities.
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Khalaf, Ali Ghazi, and Ali Lateef Jasim Al-Mashhadani. "Requirements for Using Digital Agricultural Extension in Providing Extension Service from Viewpoint of Agricultural Extension Agents." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1259, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/012134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The research has aimed to determine the requirements for using digital agricultural extension in providing an extension service from the viewpoint of agricultural extension agents. The research population has included all agricultural extension agents who work in the Agricultural Extension and Training Department, the Training and Rehabilitation Center, the Agricultural Extension Center for Training, Al-Tarmiya Farm, as well as Al-Rashidiya Farm in Baghdad Governorate. Thus, a random sample has been taken from the research population at a rate of (83%). Accordingly, the proposed sample size has included (83) agricultural extension agents (from male and female). To achieve the goal of the research, a questionnaire has been prepared that included four axes: administrative requirements, technical and financial requirements, human requirements, and requirements of integrating the target audience to use digital agricultural extension. The agreement of extension agents on the requirements has been measured by using a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, somewhat agree, disagree, strongly disagree), and the following scores have determined for the scale expressions (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) respectively, hence, the general results (for the five axes) have shown that the majority of agricultural extension agents have had a high level of agreement with all requirements of using digital agricultural extension in providing agricultural extension services, with an average of (213.45) degrees, which is higher than the general average, and this may reflect the realism and objectivity of the requirements that have addressed in the research, which will provide an appropriate ground and achieve a satisfactory level of efficiency and effectiveness in the process of using digital agricultural extension in providing the agricultural extension service, if they implement and activate by the decision makers (authorities) in the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture.
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Peters, Scott J. "“Every Farmer Should Be Awakened”: Liberty Hyde Bailey’s Vision of Agricultural Extension Work." Agricultural History 80, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 190–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-80.2.190.
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Abstract Historians have portrayed the formative period of agricultural extension work in the United States as a search for the best method of convincing farmers to change their farming practices in order to improve agricultural efficiency, productivity, and profitability. However, one of the key leaders in extension’s formative period, Cornell University’s Liberty Hyde Bailey, articulated a different vision of extension’s central purpose and promise. Drawing on his writings during the years in which he led the development of Cornell’s extension program (1894-1902), this article argues that Bailey’s vision of agricultural extension work was centered on the provision of education aimed at awakening farmers to a new point of view on life. The new point of view combined sympathy with nature, a love of country life, and a scientific attitude, expressed by a habit of careful observation and experimentation. The main purpose of awakening farmers to this point of view was not to develop a more efficient, productive, and profitable agriculture, but to advance the larger cultural ideals of a "self-sustaining" agriculture and personal happiness. The account of Bailey’s vision provided in this article suggests the need to reconsider the story of the origins and early development of American agricultural extension work.
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Bursten, Julia R. S., and Catherine Kendig. "Growing knowledge: Epistemic objects in agricultural extension work." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 88 (August 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.03.002.
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Suleyman Abdureman Omer and Nuradin Abdi Hassen. "A Seminar Title On the History and Evolution of Agricultural Extension in the Ethiopia Country." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i10.710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agricultural extension service began work in Ethiopia since 1931, during the establishment of Ambo Agricultural School. But a formal Agricultural extension started since Alemaya Imperial College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (Haramaya) was constructed since 1953.The extension activities of Ethiopia during the last 50 years reveals that a range of extension approaches has been used. The approaches tended differ with each successive political regime. Different extension approaches in different political regimes, during the imperial regime the responsibility for national extension administration to the Ministry of Agriculture, extension service became one of the departments in the Ministry. And during the military regime the land reform proclamation banned the private ownership of rural lands and declared that land would be distributed to the tillers without compensation to former owners. Because of the political instability and major structural changes in the rural areas, including the formation of peasant associations and producers' cooperatives as well as the implementation of the land reform, it was not possible to carry out this plan. There was not much organized and coordinated extension work in the country until the beginning of the 1980. At the current Extension service of Ethiopia in 1991 the T & V extension approach was adopted as a national extension system with major government financing until its replacement by the Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System in 1995. The latter was adopted from the SaSakawa Global 2000 (SG 2000) extension strategy. Agricultural extension service in Ethiopia can be given by different mandatory level such as at federal level by ministry of Agriculture, At Regional level Bureau of Agriculture, At Woreda level Agricultural and Natural Resource office, and at Farmer Training center level Development agent and different stockholders have responsibility of giving extension especially agriculture related extension to need holders. In Ethiopia there are different extension approaches model such as Chilalo agricultural development model (CADU), minimum package project I and II, Peasant Agricultural Development program, participatory demonstration and training extension system, farmers field school, Farmers training center and Agricultural technical and Vocational Education training (ATVET) these are the different extension approaches in Ethiopia starting from the begging up to current extension service respectively.
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Wang, Zhiguo, Junbin Wang, Guoping Zhang, and Zhixiong Wang. "Evaluation of Agricultural Extension Service for Sustainable Agricultural Development Using a Hybrid Entropy and TOPSIS Method." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010347.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agricultural extension service is the foundation of sustainable agricultural development. The evaluation and analysis of the agricultural extension service for sustainable agricultural development can provide an effective analytical tool for sustainable agriculture. This paper analyzes the influence of agricultural extension service on sustainable agricultural development, and constructs an evaluation system for sustainable agricultural development from the four dimensions of agricultural environment, society, economy, and agricultural extension service. This work proposes a framework based on the combination of technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and entropy method to evaluate the performance of the evaluation system. Taking three national modern agriculture demonstration zones in Suzhou in Jiangsu Province as a case study, the method was verified. Moreover, the main factors affecting sustainable agricultural development are discussed, and the improvement measures and management suggestions are also put forward to reduce the obstacles to sustainable agricultural development and improve sustainable agriculture practice.
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TANCA, MANSUR, MUHAMMAD JAMAL AMIN, and SUDIRAH SUDIRAH. "MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN BERAU (Work Motivation and Performance of Agricultural Extension Workers in Berau Regency)." JURNAL AGRIBISNIS DAN KOMUNIKASI PERTANIAN (Journal of Agribusiness and Agricultural Communication) 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35941/jakp.5.1.2022.6343.1-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agricultural extension workers have work performance that should be increased. This illustrates that it is needed the increase of work motivation and performance of agricultural extension workers. This study aimed to analysis the work motivation and performance of agricultural extension workers in Berau Regency. The analysis was done descriptively. The work motivation of agricultural instructors could be assessed from work performance, recognition from others, responsibility, opportunities for advancement, salary/wages, and work relations. The performance of agricultural extension workers could be viewed from the preparation of agricultural extension, implementation of agricultural extension, evaluation and reporting.
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Abdullah, Ahmed Saker. "The extensional-epistemic needs of the agricultural staff in the agricultural extension units administration in the Agricultural Directorate of Salah Al-Din / Iraq." Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences 21, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.21.1.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research aimed to determine the extensional-epistemic needs of the agricultural staff in the management of the extension units of the agricultural department in the Agricultural Salah Al-Din directorate and identification of the extensional-epistemic needs in each of the areas of research (planning, organizing and decision-making, communication, coordination, observing and evaluation field). The research also aimed to identify the correlation between the extensional-epistemic needs and each of the following independent variables: (gender, academic degree, specialization, number of years of agricultural extension work, period of employment, sharing in training courses and administrative responsibility). A simple random sample (20%) was pell of the total community, where the total of its members reached (89) respondents. The questionnaire was used as a mean to collect data and it consist of two parts, the first part included some independent variables while the second part included (25) items related to the process of managing the extension units distributed over five areas, in front of which was a five-step scale (very high need, high need, medium need, low need, very low need) The results showed that the level of extensional needs in all areas is high we conclude from this research that agricultural staff lack information and skills in all areas of extension unit management. The results also showed a negative correlation between the level of needs and the variables studied; therefore, we conclude the importance of these variables and that they inversely affect the level of needs. Researcher recommends that the Salah Al-Din Agriculture Directorate should prepare educational and training activities for agricultural employees to develop their administrative skills and provide them with the necessary expertise.
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Kalhory, Dara A., Tahir Mohammed Layeeq, and Mohammad Omer Sakinaa. "The Role of Agricultural Extension to Facing Agricultural Risks in Sulaymani Governorate- Kurdistan Region - Iraq." Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52951/dasj.22140101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research aims to the role of agricultural extension in facing agricultural risks by diagnosing the personal and functional variables of the respondents, determining the reality of agricultural risks, and preparing an extension program to confront agricultural threats in the Sulaymani governorate. The research included (agricultural colleges and institutes, agricultural extension centers, and the Directorate of Agriculture). A proportional stratified random sample of (15%) was drawn for each lecture and agricultural extension worker, respectively. The research sample reached (111) respondents by selecting all agricultural directors in the Directorate of Agriculture. The indicative Program was prepared according to the following procedures: field visits to farmers' fields, records and documents in the Directorate of Agriculture, review of articles and research in agricultural research, agricultural literature, models and books, and expert notes in agricultural colleges and institutes, and in light of this, seven elements and 61 items were developed that make up the copy Initial Program. The questionnaire was presented in its initial form to a group of experts in agricultural extension and management. After taking their observations, the questionnaire consisted of 7 elements and 52 items. The research found several agricultural risks in the Sulaymani governorate and the approval of all the respondents on the terms of the extension program and the recommendation to apply it in the reality of agricultural work in the Sulaymani governorate
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SP, Kurniyatik, Yuniorita Indah Handayani, and Muhaimin Dimyati. "The Influence of Training, Work Discipline, Motivation and Commitment to Work Performance on Agricultural Extension Service and Food Security in Bondowoso Regency." PROCEEDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ECONOMICS, BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (ICEBIT) 4 (July 16, 2023): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31967/prmandala.v4i0.790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to investigate the effect of training, work discipline, motivation, and work commitment on the performance of agricultural extension agents and food security in Bondowoso Regency. This research was conducted using multiple linear regression and involved a sample of 100 respondents selected by purposive sampling technique. Data obtained from respondents were processed using SPSS software version 22.0. Data analysis was performed by applying multiple linear regression to evaluate the relationship between the independent variables (training, work discipline, motivation, and work commitment) and the dependent variable (instructor performance). The results showed that training, work discipline, motivation, and work commitment significantly affected the performance of the agricultural and food security extension officers in Bondowoso Regency. Training plays an important role in improving the performance of extension workers by providing the necessary knowledge and skills. High work discipline also contributes to achieving better performance. In addition, high motivation and strong work commitment also positively affect the performance of extension workers. This research has practical implications for the Department of Agriculture and Food Security in Bondowoso Regency to pay attention to the importance of training, work discipline, motivation and work commitment in improving the performance of extension workers.
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Ali, Shoukat, and Umair Safdar. "Pre-service competence of agricultural officers (extension) in the Punjab, pakistan: policy implications for eligibility criteria." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 10, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.010.03.3642.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agriculture Officers working in Agriculture Department (Extension) are perceived lacking in professional competencies. One of the root causes of this problem lies in the mismatched eligibility criteria for the post of Agriculture Officer (Extension). The purpose of this paper was to discuss the relevancy of the Extension Agents’ competencies with their job responsibilities for policy implications. The universe of the study was Punjab Province of Pakistan. The cross-sectional design was used for the study. All Agriculture Officers (public extension agents) work in the Agriculture Department (Extension), Government of Punjab were the population of the study. Multistage simple random sampling technique was used for drawing the sample. A sample of 60 respondents was drawn from sampling frame by using simple random sampling technique. A desktop study was also conducted to analyze the contents offered to the currently eligible agricultural graduates during their pre-service training at the university level. Results showed that only 3.3% of the respondents had relevant pre-service training. About 58% of the Agriculture Officers (Extension) were not satisfied with their jobs and most of them were thinking to change their jobs. This study has practical implications for Punjab Public Service Commission, Lahore and Agriculture Department (Extension) Government of Punjab, Pakistan in particular. The research theorized that the duties of extension work should only be entrusted to the professionals having per-service training in agricultural extension. Otherwise, the efficiency of the agricultural extension system would be compromised. This is the first study of its kind in which the eligibility criteria of the Agriculture Officers (Extension) have been questioned in the Punjab, Pakistan. The finding and discourse of the study would initiate the debate among stakeholders to place right person for the right job. The materialization of study findings would enhance the efficiency of Agricultural Extension system.
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Gailea, Asrul, Mardi, and Budi Santoso. "The influence of incentives, work culture, and supervision on the work ethics of agricultural extension agents in Maluku Utara Province." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 12, no. 4 (June 17, 2023): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i4.2601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study is to find a model of the direct or indirect influence of variables such as incentive, work culture, and supervision of agricultural extension agents work ethics in the framework of food self-reliance in Maluku Utara Province, Indonesia. The research model will analyze the power of the role of each variable against the improvement of the agricultural extension agents work ethics in the Maluku Utara Province, Indonesia. This research uses quantitative methods with a survey approach. This research population is an agricultural extension agent in the Maluku Utara Province. The sample in this study was a total of 196 agricultural extension agents spread across 8 counties and 2 cities in the Maluku Utara Province. The data obtained from the field is then processed through various tests required so that the next stage can perform data analysis using the technique of structural equation modeling (SEM) using the software LISREL version 8.80. The results of the research showed that all the variables that were observed in the research can be stated to have a strong role in improving the agricultural extension agents work ethics for food independence in the Maluku Utara Province, Indonesia.
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Naji, Zeyad, and Majid Ali. "Age, Educational and Indicative Service Levels and Their Relationship to The level of Performance of Agricultural Extension Workers in Diyala governorate." Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.23.2.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research aimed to identify the level of performance of workers in agricultural extension in Diyala Governorate in general, as well as to identify the level of performance of workers in agricultural extension in the fields of extension work, namely (organization, planning, implementation, evaluation and technology transfer) , As well as identifying the correlation between the performance of workers in agricultural extension the number of years of life, the levels of agricultural academic study, and the number of years of extension service .The research population included all agricultural extension workers in the Directorate of Agriculture and Agricultural People and the Extension Center if the number of its employees reached (460) employees .The research showed that the level of performance of agricultural employees in Diyala province is of the average category in general ,There was a contrast in the level of performance of employees in the fields extension work, as it was found that the level of performance of employees in the fields of organization, planning and implementation is average. In the fields of evaluation and technology transfer, performance was average and tended to decline ,The research showed that there is a significant correlation between the level of performance of the respondents, and the variable of the number of years life, the number of years of agricultural academic study, and the number of years of extension service. The researcher recommends the importance of determining the actual extension work of agricultural workers, and holding training courses for agricultural cadres working in the field of agricultural extension to raise the level of their performance, especially in the fields of evaluation and technology transfer , and the need to pay attention to independent variables that have a moral correlation when preparing for job courses.
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Darmawan, Didit, and Rahayu Mardikaningsih. "Pengaruh Keterampilan Interpersonal, Pengalaman Kerja, Integritas dan Keterikatan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian." Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS) 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/ekuitas.v3i2.1153.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agricultural Extension Officers are agricultural service officers who are tasked with helping farmers run farming businesses through an extension system as a form of learning activity for farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs so that they can help and organize themselves when looking for and using information about markets, capital, technology, and other resources to be able to developing business efficiency, productivity, welfare and income, as well as developing the level of awareness to preserve the environment. Agricultural instructors must have managerial and technical competencies because agricultural instructors must have technical capabilities related to agriculture, and managerial capabilities include the ability to manage work to carry out extension services. To carry out outreach activities, qualified instructors are needed. The performance of the extension agent determines the effectiveness of the extension activity so that it is necessary to determine the determinants of the performance of the extension worker. The research was conducted in Lumajang Regency, East Java. This study resulted in four findings, namely: (1) interpersonal skills have a significant role in performance; (2) the performance of the instructor is not significantly affected by work experience; (3) integrity has a significant impact on the performance of extension workers; (4) the ups and downs of the performance of the extension worker get the role of work engagement
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Mutimba, J. "Agricultural extension debatable issues." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 24, no. 3 (April 6, 2024): 25662–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Extension, and extension workers in particular, drive the agricultural modernization process and the rest of those in associated professions and positions are ‘support staff.’ Whether you are a lecturer, a professor, a dean, a researcher, an extension director or a head of a non-government organization, if your mission is to develop smallholder agriculture at farmer level, you are supporting the field extension worker to achieve your/farmers’ goals. To this extent, it is no surprise that, when no perceptible improvement takes place at the farmer level, the blame lies squarely on the shoulders of extension. Despite its importance, agricultural extension is the most misunderstood of all agricultural disciplines, and the lack of understanding reveals itself in several ways. This paper discusses some of the misconceptions and debatable issues that affect the way extension is supported, the way it is structured, the way it is staffed and the way extension workers are trained and capacitated. The misconceptions also affect the kinds and levels of expectations people have of extension. The misconceptions include: unending definitions of extension, expanding extension concepts, blaming extension for perceived failures in agriculture, undermining the extension discipline, inadequacies in extension teaching and training, markets and the role of extension and structural changes in extension. The origins of some of these debatable issues can be traced to development partners who come with their conceptions of what is needed while others come from development theorists who have not done any extension work in the field. Unfortunately, there are no strong extension professional associations in many African countries that could: raise the profile of extension as a discipline, interrogate some of the agricultural development interventions before implementation and help clear some of the misconceptions. In the absence of extension platforms, extensionists operate as individuals, each struggling the best way they know how to make a difference at the farmer level. There is no way of harnessing the experiences the individuals are going through for purposes of learning, sharing and developing common positions. The purpose of this paper is to promote debate on, and scrutiny of these extension issues which are often presented as facts and absolute truths. Key words: Extension issues, debatable, agricultural discipline, misconceptions, professionals, smallholder farmers
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Khamis, Adnan Ibrahim, Najwa S. Ali, and Anhar Mohamed Ali. "Challenges Facing the Agricultural Extension Organization and Ways to Address Them." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262, no. 10 (December 1, 2023): 102001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/10/102001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The study aimed to identify the size of the challenges and obstacles facing the agricultural extension organization in the following areas (the approved extension approach, the organizational structure of the extension organization, the degree of centralization and decentralization, the use of communication technology and information systems, the organizational links and relationships with the relevant authorities, the development of human capabilities). The study identified the problems experienced by agricultural extension agents in the fields of work through the following areas (administrative and organizational problems, problems related to capabilities and facilities, psychological and social problems, financial problems), the study was conducted in the city of Baghdad and the research included all agricultural extension agents working in the extension and training department Agricultural and Extension Center in Baghdad, Training and Rehabilitation Center and Extension Centers working in the Directorate of Agriculture, if the research community totaled (114) respondents, the questionnaire form was used as a data collection tool and included three axes: The first axis included (60) items distributed over (6) areas that represent the challenges that The extension organization faces, and the second axis included (27) paragraphs distributed over four areas that represent the problems facing agricultural extension workers in the fields of work, while the third axis included (15) paragraphs that represent some proposals and solutions to face these challenges and problems. On a group of experts and specialists in the field of extension, and the stability of the research tool was confirmed, after the data collection process, the statistical program (SPSS) was used to analyze that data, and the study concluded the following results: The agricultural extension organization is facing today a set of challenges and obstacles that have an impact The actor on the workflow and implementation of agricultural extension programs and activities, and the agricultural extension workers working in the fields of work suffer from a number of problems and obstacles affecting the efficiency of performing extension tasks, and that the approach and extension approach adopted by the agricultural extension organization do not fit the requirements of the current stage, and that the organizational structure of the current extension organization It includes a lot of work problems and obstacles, and there is a clear deficiency in the delegation of powers, as it was found that there is a weakness in the level of use of that information and communication technology, and also a weakness in the strength of interdependence with the relevant authorities, and the study included some recommendations that would work to improve and develop the performance of the extension organization.
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Anang, Benjamin Tetteh. "Interceding Role of Agricultural Extension Services in Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Technologies in Northern Ghana." Asia Pacific Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy 10, no. 2 (December 2022): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36782/apjsafe.v10i2.175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a result of the effect of climate change on food security and rural livelihoods, the promotion and adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices have become very crucial. The role of agricultural extension in the adoption decision process is an important factor. However, extension delivery systems in most developing countries face numerous challenges that raise concerns about their ability to bring about the desired impact on farm households’ decisions. Relying on data from a cross-section of smallholder farmers in Ghana’s northern savanna area, specifically the Tolon district, the study assessed the determinants of farmers’ decision to adopt climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices as well as the intensity of adoption and the role agricultural extension plays in CSA adoption. Using a Poisson regression with endogenous treatment effects model to account for selectivity bias, the study observed that farmers adopt multiple CSA practices, with adoption being influenced by farmer group membership, size of herd and participation in off-farm work. Intensity of adoption, on the other hand, increased with access to agricultural extension, farm credit and input subsidy, but decreased with farm size and participation in off-farm work. Furthermore, an impact assessment indicated that participants in agricultural extension had 1.27 more adoption of CSA practices than they would if they had not participated in agricultural extension. The study concludes that there is a strong association between adoption intensity and access to agricultural support services such as extension, input subsidy and agricultural credit. The interceding role of extension in the adoption of CSA practices calls for more resources to be channeled towards extension service provision as a means to mitigate the effects of climate change and promote sustainable production at the farm level. The positive externalities from CSA adoption will go a long way to protect the environment, promote food security and rural livelihoods.
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Yousif AlAjeeli, Sahab A. "Supposed A proposal For Developing the Agricultural Extension Organization in Iraq and Activating Its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development." Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.22.2.1.
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The study aimed to present a proposed theoretical vision for the development of the agricultural extension organization in Iraq that meets the needs of farmers and activates the extension role in achieving sustainable agricultural development, by studying the reality of extension work and diagnosing its weaknesses. The study was used the qualitative research approach that depends on reviewing previous research and studies in studying the phenomenon and diagnosing Its weaknesses, and in the light of this study, a proposed vision was presented to develop the agricultural extension organization in Iraq as an organizational structure, activities and tasks that should be activated in a manner that ensures the achievement of sustainable agricultural development. The study recommended policy and decision makers in the Ministry of Agriculture and the Agricultural Extension and Training Office to benefit from this study and put its results into application.
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Baruah, Anushree, and G. Madan Mohan. "Exploring the ICT Preferences of Personnel from Agricultural Extension Organizations in the Northeastern Region of India." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2021.18.1.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although the public extension system in India is known to be one of the largest in the world, it still lacks coordinated effort in managing the links between research, extension, and farmers, resulting in non-uniform distribution of agricultural knowledge and technology. A vast majority of the population earning their livelihood through agriculture remain small and marginal farmers. Lack of computerized networks in agricultural extension departments, inadequate skilled manpower for disseminating agricultural information, and increasingly diverse needs of farmers across the Indian sub-continent pose hurdles in effective information transfer to the farming community. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools exerts a positive impact on agriculture worldwide by aiding speedy and effective dissemination of agricultural information. An increased awareness of modern ICT tools and their usage will contribute substantially to strengthening the extension network and expand its scope. This study explored the ICT preferences of personnel from agricultural extension organizations employed in public extension organizations in the north-eastern region of India. It found that electronic media is ranked below the conventional extension contact modes of print media and personalized contact regarding its use for disseminating agricultural information by the extension personnel. Demographic characteristics of the personnel from agricultural extension organizations such as sex, age, education, specialization, designation, and work experience were significantly associated with the pattern of ICT use specifically experience with ICT, frequency of use, training, and voluntary use.
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Kella, Lakshmana, M. Swathi, K. T. Rao, and T. Gopi Krishna. "Innovative extension methods lead to spread of agricultural technologies and socio-economic changes – A successful case in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 17, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/17.2/244-249.
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The transfer of useful knowledge on Good agricultural management practices and technologies to the farmers and influencing the policy decisions in India is evident in agricultural Extension and it improved the production of food grains and other agricultural commodities since long time (Sajesh, VK and A Suresh 2016 ). Number of extension techniques, tools, methods, approaches were used by the extension specialists to achieve this targets. As number of extension methodologies and approaches are available at the desk of an extension agent and a combination of extension methods and Innovative extension approaches are always proven in reaching the farming community. Thus leading to the adoption of the technologies and increasing the farm productivity further to socio economic changes in rural society. In India the state department of agriculture is looking after the job of transfer of technology and during 1974 the ICAR established the KVKs at District level to meet the Extension needs of the Department of agriculture and Farmers. As an innovation, the ANGRAU established the DAATTCs (District Agricultural Advisory and transfer of Technology centre) during 1998 at district head quarters with an objective to test the Minikits and pre released technologies, Diagnosis and immediate solution to the farmers by the Scientists, Capacity building of farmers, rural youth and grass root level Extension functionaries and to work in convergence with line Departments to increase the out reach of Agricultural Technologies.
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Ajani, EN, and EA Onwubuya. "Human Factors that Derail Extension Services Delivery in Developing Countries: Implications for Policy." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 2, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i2.14015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper examines human factors derailing extension services delivery in developing countries. Poor management of rewards and incentives; quality of work life; poor assessment system; limited quality of human resource; inadequate extension support training materials; inconsistencies of government programmes; inadequate staff training and poor extension programme evaluation were viewed as major constraints. Considering the role of extension to agricultural development, the paper recommends that efforts should be made by the various stakeholders in agricultural extension services to improve the capability of human resources involved in extension services and highlights the need for government agricultural programmes to be consistent to enable the beneficiaries of such programmes derive the benefits that will boost productivity in agriculture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i2.14015 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (2): 54-57, December, 2012
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Mansour, Tamer Gamal Ibrahim, Mahmoud Alaa Abdelazez, Khairy Hamed Eleshmawi, and Salah Said Abd el- Ghani. "Environmental SWOT Analysis for Agricultural Extension in North Sinai Governorate, Egypt." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i10.1503-1508.2216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still somewhat characterized by primitive traditional methods, making agricultural development rates almost indistinguishable, And with the scarcity of extension research carried out in North Sinai in the field of environmental SWOT analysis, It was necessary to conduct the study that is trying to analyze the current situation of agricultural extension in North Sinai governorate through identifying the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). A participatory SWOT analysis study using open-ended qualitative-type instrument was conducted; Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 90 respondents representing 75% of the total extension workers in North Sinai Governorate, during the period from May till October 2018. The results showed that the most important strengths of these were that a large proportion of the extension workers are specialized in agricultural extension, more than half of the guides were from rural areas and the high job satisfaction degree among of the majority of the extension workers while the most important weaknesses were Weak budget and inadequate funding for extension work, Absence of job description for the extension workers, and Lack of financial and material resources. On the other hand the most important opportunities were Availability of research institutes in the governorate, NGO-Public Sector Collaboration. While the most important threats were Decreased investments targeting the agricultural sector in general and the extension system in particular, Poor Farmer Organization, Security instability in the governorate. Depending upon SWOT outputs, some relevant strategies were discussed to develop agricultural extension system in the governorate through some dimensions that uses strengths and opportunities to overcome weaknesses and to avoid threats or minimize their effects.
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Busindeli, IM, SY Nyamba, and M. Akeredolu. "Human capital development programme for mid-career agricultural extension workers: The case of Sokoine University of Agriculture BSc. agricultural extension and education training programme." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 24, no. 3 (April 6, 2024): 25689–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.21055.
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Of recent, there is changing work environment for agricultural extension workers as they operate under the multi-stakeholders’ phenomenon. This increasingly poses a challenge to frontline extension workers trained on linear model (extension-researcher-farmer linkage) in extension services delivery. This is because, facilitating the multi-stakeholder processes requires competent agricultural extension workers well-versed in human relations. In recognizing the importance of human capital development for agricultural extension service delivery in Tanzania, Sokoine University of Agriculture established a mid-career agricultural extension training programme in 1998. Informed by the human capital theory, this study employed an evaluative study design to assess the impact of the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) mid-career BSc. Agricultural Extension and Education training programme on human capital development. The study was conducted in five agro-ecological zones, that is, Eastern, Western, Central, Southern Highlands and Lake zones in Tanzania. The development of the sampling frame was done in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MLF) and President’s Office-Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG). A total of 200 respondents-100 alumni and 100 farmers were sampled proportionately. A snowball sampling technique was used to replace the respondents who were selected randomly but could not be reached for interview. Data were collected from respondents through a questionnaire that covered a set of competences through analysis of the mid-career agricultural extension curriculum and consultations with public and private employers. In addition, literature review and observations were also used to supplement the collected information. The findings indicate that the agricultural training programme at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) equipped graduates with appropriate knowledge, competencies and skills that improved their job performance and productive capacities that enabled them to interact with various stakeholders and facilitate multi-stakeholders’ processes. This is in line with the purpose of establishing the programme. Hence, this points to the need for continuous human capital building and motivations of agricultural extension workers for the improvement of their performance. Key words: Mid-career, Agricultural extension workers, Curriculum, Human capital, Multi-stakeholder processes
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Mostafa, Ahmed, and Ragaa Shalby. "Knowledge of agricultural extension agents by distance education media used in agricultural extension work in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate." Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences 49, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jsas.2023.219928.1418.
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Hoque, Mohammad Jiaul, and Koichi Usami. "Comparative Study on Agricultural Extension Work between Bangladesh and Japan." Journal of Rural Problems 40, no. 1 (2004): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.40.122.
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LADD, C. E. "THE RELATION OF RESEARCH TO EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS." Journal of proceedings of the Agricultural Economics Society 1, no. 1 (November 6, 2008): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1928.tb02465.x.
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Nurmayasari, Indah, Begem Viantimala, Dame Trully Gultom, Helvi Yanfika, and Abdul Mutolib. "PARTISIPASI DAN KEPUASAN PETANI TERHADAP KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI KECAMATAN PALAS KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN." Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis 6, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ma.v6i1.3230.
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The success of extension activities is influenced by the participation of target farmers. In addition to participation, farmer satisfaction with extension performance will be related to extension of sustainability in the future. This study aims to analyze the participation and satisfaction of farmers on the performance of agricultural extension workers in Palas District, South Lampung Regency. The study was conducted in the extension work area of Palas Tang District which is an agricultural center, especially lowland rice in South Lampung Regency. The study was conducted from May to June 2019. Data collected in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Data analysis uses a Likert scale. The results of the study provide a picture that the participation of farmers in agricultural extension activities in the District of Palas is at a fairly high level. Make farmers active in farmer groups and propose extension activities by 56 percent, and farmer involvement in giving advice on the development of farmer groups with a percentage of 78 percent. All farmers join to become members of farmer groups without coercion from extension workers or other parties. In general, farmers' satisfaction with extension performance is quite satisfied. Of the nine indicators, farmers' satisfaction with mass movements in their work areas is the lowest. Farmers are satisfied with the way the agriculture instructor communicates. Farmers are satisfied with the way the instructor communicates and assesses extension activities as having a good impact on agricultural extension activities.
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Nikolic, Marija, Dejana Vuckovic та Nikola Mihailovic. "Cooperation between agricultural еxtension services and cooperatives - the state and possibilities". Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 68, № 3 (2023): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2303363n.
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One of the key links in the system of knowledge and information transfer in Serbian agriculture is the extension service, which acts as a mediator between scientific institutions and different user groups. Extension officers prefer to cooperate with already formed user groups, such as agricultural cooperatives, because they unite farmers with similar production and are convenient for group methods of extension work. This paper aims to examine the quality of cooperation between agricultural extension services and agricultural cooperatives in Serbia and to evaluate the views of farmers (cooperative members) on the success of this cooperation. For this research, a survey was conducted with 220 respondents, members of agricultural cooperatives. The analysis showed that over 80% of cooperative members cooperated with extension service, and that they were more satisfied with the quantity of extension services than with the quality. More than half of the respondents believe that extension services need to be adapted to the needs of cooperatives, and that the cooperatives should be given more attention in the media appearances of extension officers. This research provides an important insight into the form and specifics of cooperation between agricultural extension services and agricultural cooperatives, on the basis of which measures for their continuous improvement can be proposed.
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Zikhali, Zafezeka Mbali, Paramu L. Mafongoya, Maxwell Mudhara, and Obert Jiri. "Climate Change Mainstreaming in Extension Agents Training Curricula: A Case of Mopani and Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619857098.
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This study assessed the provision of informal training offered by the Limpopo Department of Agriculture, South Africa, to agricultural extension officers (AEOs). The study used surveyed 90 public extension officers purposively sampled. There were statistically significant differences in extension officers’ exposure to climate change between their education levels and in the provision of climate change training between extension officers’ work experience ( P⩽0.05). The study concluded that the majority of AEOs have not been fully exposed to climate information prior to their employment. This suggests that the information gap in Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services (AEAS) stems from the slow mainstreaming and integration of climate change information.
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Sinaga, Herty Ramayanti. "PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN PADA BKP5K KABUPATEN BOGOR." Jurnal E-Bis (Ekonomi-Bisnis) 2, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37339/e-bis.v2i2.85.
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One way to improve the quality of agricultural extension resource through education and training is implemented out in a planned and systematic. In other words, the importance of education and training within the organization is to improve the performance of agricultural extension that include the knowledge and skill that support, as well as the building of the attitude of each of the extension as desired by organization. This study aims to analyze the influence of training and education on the performance of agricultural extension workers in the Food Security and Managing Extension Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (BKP5K) Bogor and analyze the indicators that reflect the dominant success of the training and education provided to the agricultural extension. Sampling is based on non-probability sampling technique using purposive sampling method of 79 samples from 99 populations of agricultural extension agricultural extension PNS. These results indicate that 1) the influence of training and education on the performance of agricultural extension, the training negatively affect the performance of agricultural extension and education have positive influence on the performance of agricultural extension; and 2) the dominant indicator of the training variables contained in the first indicator, namely the training suitability of the materials needed with this type of training with the results of 3.28. Dominant indicator of educational variables contained in the second indicator, namely the educational suitability of the current work with the results of 3.28. Dominant indicator of performancel variables contained in the first indicator, namely understand the program with the results of 3.23.
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Rosmalah, Sitti, Rayuddin, Hartati, and Basri Sufa. "Hubungan Karakteristik Penyuluh dengan Kinerja Penyuluh di Kecamatan Sampara Kabupaten Konawe." Jurnal Penyuluhan 19, no. 01 (March 2, 2023): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25015/19202342725.
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The performance of agricultural extension workers is the level of work success achieved by agricultural extension workers which is an important aspect that plays a role in work success and goal achievement. Performance is measured based on the abilities possessed by an individual in the form of cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects. The numbers of agricultural extension workers in the Sampara subdistrict under the supervision of the Agricultural Extension Center (BPP) of Sampara District are 17 agricultural extension workers. The condition of agricultural extension workers in the Agricultural Extension Center varies in ages, education level and working experiences. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of performance of field agricultural extension workers (PPL) and to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of extension workers and the performance of field agricultural extension workers (PPL) in Sampara Sub district, Konawe Regency. The study employed scoring method using likert scale meanwhile measurement correlation between the characteristics of extension workers and the performance of Agricultural Extension workers through non-parametric analysis of Spearman's rank correlation test. The results of the study showed that the performance of field agricultural extension officers was in a fairly good category while the education level factors had a significant or strong relationship as shown by the Rs coefficient with value of 0.721.
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Naibakelao, Deola, and JA Kwarteng. "Public-Private Partnership for Responsive Extension Education: The Case of SAFE and UCC in Ghana." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 16, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.73.cy036.
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Developing nations in Africa are not shielded from the pressures of a globalized competitive agricultural marketplace. With an appreciable bulk of her people deriving livelihoods from diverse agricultural enterprises, these nations must respond to important contemporary issues shaping global agriculture. Farmers from such nations, including Ghana, will be able to improve their participation in the competitive local, regional and global agricultural marketplace if the appropriate agricultural technologies and extension information support are available. To achieve this, a new breed of agricultural extension graduates who can respond to current and emerging challenges in agriculture and interface effectively with farmers must be produced through responsive extension education and training. While extension education can produce effective extensionists to hasten agricultural development, budgetary constraints make it difficult for most African governments to successfully and sustainably implement such educational programs. However, public-private partnership (PPP) initiatives offer a way out of this financial dilemma. Beginning in 1993, the Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education (SAFE) worked with the University of Cape Coast (UCC) in Ghana to develop an innovative extension education program through a public private partnership. The program, comprising a BSc. and Diploma components, was designed to respond to the myriad of challenges facing higher agricultural extension education in Ghana. A key practical feature of the curricula is the “Supervised Enterprise Projects” (SEPS), which enable students to work with relevant stakeholders to identify and tackle agricultural problems in farming communities through experiential extension approaches and action research. The SAFE-UCC initiative fulfils important education goals such as: expanding and improving access; ensuring quality and relevance; ensuring funding and mobilizing resources for sustainability; building partnerships and linkages; and promoting international co-operation. The paper discusses the underlying conditions for a successful public private partnership in agricultural and extension education and sheds light on the impacts, lessons learned and challenges
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Tarawneh, Radi, Mohammad S. Tarawneh, and Khaled A. Al-Najjar. "AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AMONG ADVISORY AND COOPERATIVE INDICATORS IN JORDAN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i2.2022.4489.
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This study was executed to answer several questions related to agricultural cooperative consultations to improve the livelihoods of farmers in Jordan. Where a questionnaire was conducted through direct personal interviews with the target groups in the Jordan Valley during the year 2021. The study aimed to shed light on the work of cooperative agricultural consultancy and agricultural extension. The study sample included 100 farmers randomly. The data (questionnaires) were analyzed according to SAS (2012). The results were as follows: Agricultural extension should pay more attention to small farmers and the cooperative sector, and agricultural cooperation should be a priority for an extension. In order to overcome the challenges and obstacles of extension work, financial support must be provided for workshops, extension programs, and brochures containing technical information. Attention should be given to agricultural extension cooperation methods through increasing fieldwork days, extension bulletins, home visits, and daily newspapers. Consultative cooperation between government agencies and NGOs was important in supporting farmers' projects. Cooperation between the governmental and non-governmental sectors was linked to priorities of work and the advisory role of NGOs in Jordan
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Halbritter, Alicia, Marcelo Wallau, Matt Benge, and Cheryl Mackowiak. "Identifying important skills and competencies needed for new Florida agriculture extension agents." Advancements in Agricultural Development 2, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37433/aad.v2i3.151.
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The onboarding needs of Extension agents is a topic continuously discussed and researched, yet overwhelmed agents persist, suggesting that there is a missing link. We undertook a study to determine the competency training needs of newly hired agricultural agents in Florida. Two assessments were performed. First to identify main agriculture skills and competencies for new agriculture Extension. Those competencies where then classified into main domains and interviewees were asked to rank in order of importance in each group. Data were collected via an online survey of the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension agents working under the agriculture program area. Agents needed training in specific agricultural competencies related to every-day work activities such as soil sampling, diagnostic skills, educational resource utilization, and relationship building. Although we assume that, based on job requirements, newly hired agents will enter Extension with such knowledge, results suggest an agriculture specific training is needed to meet the onboarding needs of new agents. Our study identified the priority needs for developing an onboarding program that establishes a level of standard knowledge. Those findings will serve to enhance onboarding training for new Extension professionals.
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Nia Kurniasari and Ellin Herlina. "EDUCATION LEVEL, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND CAPACITY BUILDING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENDERS AT THE FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURAL SERVICES." Journal Of Resource Management, Economics And Business 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.58468/remics.v1i1.7.
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Purpose: To determine the effect of education level, infrastructure and capacity building on the performance of agricultural extension workers at the Food and Agriculture Security Service.
Research Methodology: This type of research is a causal associative research using a quantitative approach with the survey method. The population in this study were 256 agricultural extension workers from the Department of Food Security and Agriculture. The technique used in sampling in this study is by proportionate stratified random sampling using the Slovin formula as many as 72 people.
Results: The magnitude of the influence of the level of education on the performance of agricultural instructors is 57.7%, while the remaining 42.3% is influenced by other factors. The magnitude of the influence of infrastructure on the performance of agricultural instructors is 79.4%, the remaining 20.6% is influenced by other factors. The magnitude of the effect of Capacity Building on the Performance of Agricultural Extension Officers is only 73.7% while the remaining 26.3% is influenced by other factors. The magnitude of the positive influence of the level of education, infrastructure, capacity building on the performance of agricultural instructors is 83.4% while the remaining 16.6% is influenced by other factors.
Limitations: The variables used are limited to Organizational culture, Organizational Commitment, Work Discipline, Employee Performance.
Contribution: The development of science, especially in the field of extension and becomes the starting point for more in-depth research on the performance of agricultural extension workers. It is hoped that this can be taken into consideration for the institutional extension workers and can assist in evaluating the performance of agricultural extension workers. The results of this study can be used as reference material for further research in more depth.
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Rodriguez, Lulu, and Juan Andrade. "Communicating Agriculture and Nutrition: Opportunities for Agricultural Extension-Communication and Advisory Services in Nepal." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25107.
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Meeting the dual goal of improving income and enhancing the nutrition status of Nepal’s rural residents is the mandate of the Integrating Gender and Nutrition within Agricultural Extension Services (INGENAES) project, which is supported by the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Feed the Future initiative. A landscape study that provided an overview of Nepal’s agriculture and the status of the country’s agricultural extension system (AES) threshed out a primary target audience—rural women. How can they be reached with nutrition information through the existing AES? The landscape study also identified 11 organizations as INGENAES collaborators. What opportunities do they offer to advance INGENAES objectives? Following Rice and Foote’s (2001) systems-theoretical approach, this formative evaluation study drew from the insights of project and program managers and coordinators, communication officers, representatives of non-government organizations (NGOs), extension officers, and editors and journalists of farm publications who work in the intersection of agriculture and nutrition in Nepal. Data were gathered from a survey of the chief communication and/or extension officers of these 11 partner agencies. Additional data were collected from evaluation questionnaires completed by project managers and communication officers of 12 government and non-government agencies who participated in a seminar-workshop on how to improve gender and nutrition communication. These two methods brought to light opportunities that can be used to enhance the communication and/or extension of nutrition-enriched agricultural information, especially to rural women. Recommendations for future communications work are offered.
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Calixte, Christelle, Grady Roberts, and J. C. Bunch. "Employment Opportunities for Graduates of Agricultural TVET Schools in Haiti." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 26, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2019.26303.
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The literature suggests that in Haiti, the extension work is primarily conducted by graduates from agricultural TVET schools. However, Haiti is a country with alarming data for food insecurity and severe hunger index. This situation arises questions about the manner in which TVET contributes to the dissemination of best agricultural practices amongst farmers and the role that extension agents play in bringing the scientific discoveries into the rural communities. Moreover, little research has been made about the current situation of Haitian TVET within the agricultural system. This study used basic qualitative methods with a constructivist approach, and backwards design as theoretical framework to explore the employment of TVET graduates within the Haitian agricultural system. Schools’ directors and teachers were individually interviewed, and focus groups conducted with the students, which revealed the employers of TVET graduates, the types of jobs they realize within the system and the external factors that affect employment opportunities. Employers of technicians were most likely public sector, NGOs and IOs as well as entrepreneurship activities. These TVET graduates’ job profiles are in extension performing versatile work, or as entrepreneurs. Their employment opportunities were affected by the overall unemployment, the existing opportunities in agriculture, and lack of government support. Keywords: Haiti; employment; technical schools; agriculture
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Khanal, Subodh, Asmita Ghimire, Aastha Acharya, Anisha Sapkota, and Gokarna Adhikari. "Determinants of Gender Division in Agricultural Works and Agrobiodiversity Management in Nepal." Agrobiodiversity & Agroecology 01, no. 01 (November 10, 2021): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/aa010102.
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This study was designed to assess the access of Nepalese farmers to the training and extension service, gender division on agricultural work, and factors affecting agrobiodiversity management activities. A total of 2,817 respondents were interviewed at different locations throughout Nepal. The information was collected using the mWater surveyor. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done. The respondents having received training in agriculture were significantly higher among elite, educated, and agricultural households. Access to extension facilities was significantly determined by the type of household, ethnicity, occupation, and education of respondents. Male domination in the choice of crops, land preparation, and seed selection were significantly higher in male-headed households, marginalized groups, and agricultural households. However, females were more likely to be involved in seed sowing. The male domination in male-headed households were significantly higher for applying fertilizers, weeding, irrigation, and pest control. Among elite ethnic groups, domination of males was significantly higher for fertilizer application. The role of the male in agricultural households was significantly higher in all aspects. One unit increase in the area increased the likelihood of male involvement in irrigation by 30%. The males are likely to be more involved in harvesting, sales of products, and control of income. Elite and educated respondents coupled with access to training practiced more crop rotation compared to the rest. The likelihood of practicing intercropping and mixed cropping was influenced by extension facilities and training facilities. Elite groups and farmers with extension facilities tended to practice more agroforestry. So, the types of households, education, and ethnicity have a key role in the gender differentiation in agriculture operation. Moreover, training and extension facilities help a lot in the conservation and practice of agrobiodiversity. There is an urgent need in improving the women's role and overall management of the agricultural landscape.
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Green, K., and E. Van Zyl. "The Effect of Psychological Capital and Self-Leadership on Work Engagement among Agricultural Extension Advisors." South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE) 51, no. 4 (November 1, 2023): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2023/v51n4a15600.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Work engagement is considered a significant construct within organisations and the field of industrial psychology. Focus within organisations has shifted to recognise more positive psychological constructs such as self-leadership and psychological capital to promote employees’ work engagement. The present study investigated the effect of psychological capital and self-leadership on the work engagement levels of agricultural extension advisors within South Africa. The study was motivated by the lack of research within agricultural extension on positive psychological constructs such as work engagement, self-leadership, and psychological capital, which could impact the agricultural sector. A quantitative research method was used to gather data using three scales. A total of 103 viable questionnaires were obtained. A Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to address the objective. Both psychological capital and self-leadership were found to have a significant positive correlation to work engagement. In addition, hope, optimism, and behaviour-focused strategies were found to have the, most significant contribution toward the work engagement levels of agricultural extension advisors. Within agricultural extension, the above study provided information on how to foster and improve the work engagement levels of their employees using strategies of psychological capital and work engagement.
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Rahmat Hidayat, Yayat, Achmad Faqih, Toni Hidayat, Sunaenah Sunaenah, Akhmad Faizal, and Heru Hermawan. "The Influence of Field Agricultural Extension (PPL) Development on The Dynamics of Farmer Groups." Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY) 2, no. 8 (August 15, 2023): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58631/injurity.v2i8.106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The role of agricultural extension workers is needed to improve the abilities, knowledge and skills of each member of the farmer group so that the goals of the farmer group can be achieved properly. An extension worker in fostering farmer groups in an effort to increase production and productivity by helping to develop definitive group plans (RDK) and (RDKK). In addition, in terms of fostering farmer groups, extension workers implement the Training and Visit (LAKU) work system. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of agricultural extension workers in assisting the preparation of DRC and RDKK; knowing the development of agricultural extension workers in the Training and Visit Work System (LAKU); knowing the influence of agricultural extension worker development in assisting the preparation of RDK RDKK and agricultural extension worker development in the Training and Visit Work System (LAKU) on the Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune Association, Sukagumiwang Village, Sukagumiwang District, Indramayu Regency. This research was conducted in Sukagumiwang Village, Sukagumiwang District, Indramayu Regency. The research was carried out in October-December 2022. The respondents in this study were Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune Association (GAPOKTAN) as many as 89 people. The design used in this study was quantitative descriptive. Data analysis techniques in this study use descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, f-Test, t-Test and coefficient of determination. The results showed that the development of agricultural extension workers in assisting the preparation of RDK RDKK and the training and visit work system (LAKU) had a real effect on the Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune Association. The development of agricultural extension workers in assisting the preparation of RDK RDKK with the development of agricultural extension workers in the Training and Visit Work System has a real effect together on the Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune Association.
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Mei Sanadila Halid, Meky Sagrim, and Sombuk Musa Yosep. "KAJIAN KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN PADA BALAI PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN (BPP) PRAFI DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI." Sosio Agri Papua 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/sap.v10i2.151.
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ABSTRACT
The development of the agricultural sector, especially food crops, in Manokwari district, supported by an extension system which is institutionally under the coordination and management of the Agricultural Extension Center under the Manokwari District Agriculture Office. The extension activities are managed by the Agricultural Extension Center (BPP), as many as 4 Balai, namely Masni, Prafi, Warmare, and Manokwari. These four BPPs are supported by 88 Field Agricultural Extension Workers (PPL). Currently, the Manokwari Regency Agricultural Extension Center is in charge of coordinating and fostering 4 BPPs in Manokwari Regency, namely, BPP Masni, BPP Prafi, BPP Warmare and BPP Manokwari. This study aims to assess the existing condition of BPP Prafi, evaluate the performance of PPL in WKBPP Prafi, identify factors that affect the performance of PPL. This research took place from 06 July 2021 to 05 August 2021. The place of implementation was at (WKBPP) at BPP Prafi, Manokwari Regency. The method used is descriptive method. The subjects in this study were PPL at (WKBPP) Prafi. The sampling method is by census. The data collected are primary and secondary data. Data analysis was done by tabulation with a frequency distribution to assess PPL performance, while to find out the factors related to PPL performance were analyzed using tabular analysis. Based on the results of research that has been carried out in Prafi, Manokwari Regency. The performance of field agricultural extension workers in Prafi, Manokwari Regency, was declared in the good category. This is supported by three indicators as parameters, namely indicators of extension programs, implementation of agricultural extension, evaluation and reporting. PPL in Prafi has implemented an extension program, compiling a work schedule in which joint visits with extension workers and field visits must be at the invitation of the farmers. In addition, the extension workers have applied the principle of learning while working because the PPL's job is not only to be a lecturer but also to go out in the field to help the fostered farmers carry out planting, harvesting and selling. The factors that influence the success or failure of PPL are success factors, namely education level, age, and length of work. Keywords: PPL Performance
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Dangnga, Muhammad Siri. "The Influence of Motivation, Communication and Work Culture on the Performance of Agricultural Extension in Parepare City." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12i3/20201937.
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Abdel-Maksoud, Ahmed, and Bahgat Abdel-Maksoud. "Developing a performance measurement model for agricultural extension agents." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 215–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-03-2013-0029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to propose a performance measurement (PM) model for agricultural extension agents. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, management accounting-agricultural extension, the study has three main research objectives: highlight the main concepts to be embedded in a PM model for agricultural extension agents in an agricultural extension organization (RO1); identify main PM components of the proposed PM model for agricultural extension agents (RO2); and investigate empirically the causal relationships in the proposed PM model (RO3). Design/methodology/approach – An interdisciplinary literature review and a proposed PM model for agricultural extension agents are presented (RO1 and RO2). An empirical survey is incorporated, carried out in early 2011 (RO3), to examine three groups, totaling around 274 respondents. Data were collected through personal interviews using structured questionnaire forms. Path analysis technique was applied. Findings – The authors propose a PM model consisting of five components. The five components are: agricultural extension agents’ characteristics, agents’ work attitudes, services provided, use of agricultural extension services and farmers’ satisfaction with agricultural extension services. The overall findings of the empirical surveys were found to validate the suggested causal relations among the components of the model. Findings indicate that 85 per cent of changes in farmers’ satisfaction with services are explained by changes in the preceding variables in the model. Research limitations/implications – It is, however, important to view this study with a few limitations in mind; for instance, using a survey method (e.g. sampling and the use of questionnaires in data collection); and the constraints associated with the model. That is to say that the components of the model could be further increased to incorporate other aspects of stakeholders, e.g. the economic impact of governmental financial policies on tax and the customs duties on agricultural products. Practical implications – A Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations agricultural extension reference manual recommends certain purposes for a PM in agricultural extension organizations; interestingly, all these are already embedded in the proposed PM model, which makes it unequivocally a useful PM model for agriculture extension agents in agricultural extension organizations worldwide. Furthermore, the proposed model contributes significantly to agricultural extension practitioners and academics alike. It focuses the attention of agricultural extension organizations on the causal relationships among the model’s components. These components are linked to the agricultural extension organization strategies. Social implications – In addition to the practical implications above, the proposed PM model demonstrates the need for placing equal importance on all five components included and setting performance indicator (PI) targets. Originality/value – The importance of this study emerges from the fact that it is helpful to examine the development and implementation of PM models across various disciplines to enhance understanding. The PM model overcomes the shortcomings in previous PM models of agricultural extension agents’ criteria/models in the agricultural extension literature. It is not merely a theoretically proposed model because the proposed causal relations amongst its variables are empirically investigated. Following management accounting and strategy theories, the authors propose that the relative importance of the attributes of PI in the proposed model differs according to each agricultural extension organization’s strategy, size and organizational structure.
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Lawal-Adebowale, O. A., and A. M. Omotayo. "Agro-Research and Extension Personnel’s Knowledge of ICT Applications for Agricultural Development in Southwest-Nigeria." International Journal of ICT Research and Development in Africa 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jictrda.2012010104.
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ICT integration in agriculture is changing the tempo of the sector globally. Successful application of ICT for agricultural development however depends on the agricultural workers’ knowledge of the information-driven technologies applications. Assessment of the Nigerian agricultural researchers and extension agents’ knowledge of the ICT applications showed that 92.9% of the researchers and 51.6% of the extension agents had knowledge of the ICT applications. The chi-square analytical test showed that the agricultural researchers’ knowledge of ICT applications was significantly related to their level of education (x<sup>2</sup> = 52.33, p = 0.017), work experience (x<sup>2</sup> = 26.37, p = 0.04), IT training (x<sup>2</sup>= 26.19, p = 0.036) at p < 0.05 level. The extension agents’ knowledge of ICT utilities was significantly related to their education (x<sup>2</sup> = 47.39, p = 0.047) at p < 0.05 levels. T-test of difference between the researchers and extension agents’ knowledge of ICT applications was found significant. It was concluded that the respondents’ knowledge of the ICT applications was influenced by their level of education; and was recommended that the agricultural researchers and extension agents should train anytime the organisational ICT devices are scaled up for new applications in agriculture.
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Paulson, Deborah D. "Minnesota extension agents' knowledge and views of alternative agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 10, no. 3 (September 1995): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300006287.
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AbstractI interviewed 19 county agricultural extension agents about their views of alternative agriculture as it is being promoted by sustainable agriculture groups in Minnesota. They varied considerably in how much they knew about it, their openness to it, and how heavily they were involved in it County extension agents share broad economic and environmental goals with sustainable farming advocacy groups, but many believe that agriculture is already working to meet those goals and are skeptical of the feasibility of alternative agriculture. Extension agents generally did not accept as realistic a primary social goal of sustainable agriculture advocates: maintaining the number of family farms. If county extension agents and sustainable agriculture groups in Minnesota are to work together for more sustainable agriculture, open discussion is needed on the goals of agriculture and visions for its future.