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1
Watts, Michael. "Class dynamics of agrarian change." Journal of Peasant Studies 39, no. 1 (January 2012): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2012.656235.
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Healey, Susan. "Class dynamics of agrarian change." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 33, no. 3 (September 2012): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2012.707976.
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3
Sihaloho, Matua. "MENCARI ALAS AKAR KONFLIK PERTANAHAN: SUATU TINJAUAN DINAMIKA MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN DI JAWA." Jurnal AGRISEP 7, no. 2 (September 12, 2008): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.7.2.41-53.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agrarian conflicts are one of agrarian facts and also become the popular ‘main theme’ in many discussions and studies in Indonesia. Cases and studies of land and sea agrarian source are the two important agrarian objects, for their connection to dominant source for many sides involved. The reality that happened on the natural/agrarian source management is one of the aspects that can make village society more dynamics, both in Java and outside Java. This writing tries to assess how conflicts among sides and the impacts on social life, especially in society development dynamic review. Some basic root of agrarian conflicts are society access level to land, regulations and outsider programmes, the fading of local institutions, threat to society existence, and other things that connecting to local institutions.Key word: basic root of conflicts, agrarian source, and village society dynamic.
4
Sihaloho, Martua, Ekawati Sri Wahyuni, Rilus A. Kinseng, and Sediono M. P. Tjondronegoro. "International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 4 (July 30, 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n4p113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking: upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.
5
Veltmeyer, Henry. "DYNAMICS OF AGRARIAN TRANSFORMATION AND RESISTANCE." REVISTA NERA, no. 17 (May 29, 2012): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47946/rnera.v0i17.1350.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper analyses in the Latin American context the dynamics associated with the capitalist development process, namely, the productive and social transformation of an agrarian society and economy into a modern industrial capitalist system. This process implies a process of primitive accumulation (separation of the direct producers from the land) and the proletarianization of the peasantry. The project of development with international cooperation was designed and serves to assist the dispossessed rural poor in adjusting to the forces of progressive change released in the process, rather than resisting them. The paper also deals with the resistance of the rural landless workers and other elements of the peasantry against the neoliberal model of capitalist development that threatens the viability and sustainability of their livelihoods.
6
Jones, Stephen. "The social dynamics of agrarian change." Agricultural Economics 13, no. 1 (October 1995): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.1995.tb00371.x.
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7
NIKISHYNA, O. V., and N. O. BIBIKOVA. "INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF FORMATION AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES AND THEIR ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN ECONOMY." Economic innovations 20, no. 1(66) (March 20, 2018): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.1(66).135-147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Topicality. Development of agricultural cooperatives is an important area of structural adjustment of agrarian sector. Relevance the research of vectors of influence an institutional environment for a cooperative movement, caused by the need to improve the process of institutionalization of agrarian cooperation for its accelerated development in realities of Ukraine taking into account world experience. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is the justification institutional foundations for the formation of agricultural cooperatives and their role and functions in system of agrarian economics period of structural transformations. In the research, the following methods are used: dialectics, structural and dynamic analysis, horizontal and vertical comparative analysis, index method. Research results. In the article authors components of institutional environment of agrarian cooperation are determined. Based on an institutional approach substantiated the basic features and essence agricultural cooperatives in market conditions. In the course of the study, it was established both the productive and service agricultural cooperatives have a single meaningful essence, a common goal, which is to meet the needs of members at the least cost resources, which is confirmed by Declaration on Cooperative Identity. This goal is achieved through entrepreneurial activity, in this case, profit plays a role a means of implementing a cooperative goal. In the article focuses attention the need for development of informal institutions agrarian cooperation in Ukraine, which ensure the interaction of legal institutions. Were conduced estimation of dynamics and structures of agrarian enterprises for organizational and legal forms of management. Conclusions. The dynamics of indicators of profitability, wage and labor productivity agricultural enterprises in nominal and real dimensions are analyzed. According to the results of analysis the main social problems in agriculture in Ukraine are identified, namely: decrease in number of employees, a significant wage gap from the state indicator, reduction of labor productivity in real measure, a decrease in the net profit of agrarians in 2016, etc. Proved that in market system agricultural cooperatives perform a social function by means of creating new jobs, reducing unemployment, growth in real labor productivity on the basis of the introduction of new technologies, development of rural infrastructure and so on. In practice, the social function of cooperatives is realized through solving social problems.
8
Rejekiningsih, Triana, Chatarina Muryani, and Diana Lukitasari. "STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND DYNAMICS OF THE AGRARIAN POLICY IN TRANSFORMING THE INDONESIA’S AGRARIAN REFORM." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v8i2.33610.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was conducted to find out: (1) the agrarian history as a milestone of <br />the agrarian policy in Indonesia; (2) the dynamics of agrarian policy as a driving<br />factor for the agrarian reform; (3) agrarian policy as a means of transforming the<br />agrarian reform in Indonesia. This study is a normative juridical legal research<br />with a historical approach, in addition to use conjunctural approach to examine the<br />complex, historically specific, of various agrarian policies. The study concludes that:<br />(1) Agrarian history is an important part of the agrarian policy realization, beginning<br />from Dutch colonialism along with the dominated agrarian resources and the raise<br />of peasant resistance against imperialism, this condition gave rise to the spirit of<br />national movements and the birth of Law Number 5 of 1960 on The Agrarian Basic<br />Law (hereinafter abbreviated to UUPA) as the basis for agrarian policy in Indonesia;<br />(2) Not all the agrarian policies are oriented towards the objectives of the UUPA, often<br />time they cause problems in their application, among others its irrelevant to principles<br />of justice and people's welfare, land tenure disintegration, lack of certainty over the<br />land rights, stand for the capital owners, opening up of foreign investors controlling<br />agrarian sources, the designation of forest areas on people’s lands, nationalization of<br />the plantations, repressive resolution of agrarian conflicts, and land certification which<br />legalizes inequality land tenure structures; (3) agrarian policy is an important part<br />of the process of realizing the agrarian reform, especially in the context of agrarian<br />transformation towards the formation of a 'agrarian' society structure integrated into<br />economic pillars to improve people’s welfare.
9
Tridakusumah, Ahmad Choibar, Adi Nugraha, Iwan Setiawan, and Ganjar Kurnia. "Rice Farmers’ Agrarian Dynamics, a Historical Perspective." BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan 8, no. 2 (January 7, 2023): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31292/bhumi.v8i2.531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: As the staple food of Indonesians, rice has become an economic and political commodity in the country. This study aims to analyze the agrarian dynamics of rice farmers from a historical perspective, focusing on studying how the agrarian change affected the rice production mode in the present situation. The historiography approach used to produce critical analysis was complemented by tracing literature studies, especially in West Java, one of the main rice producers in Indonesia. The results showed that the structure of land tenure and ownership in rice farming had undergone a fundamental change. The dynamics that appear in rice can be seen at the level of agricultural technology intervention and local and national policies, which have experienced changes due to pressure from the agricultural production input sub-system. This pressure led to a change in peasant institutions that shifted from informal to formal, which was not in line with the structure of land tenure and ownership, which was still dominated by petty commodity producers. Keywords: Agrarian dynamics, farmers, historical, paddy
10
Ostroukh, V., and A. Mikulina. "CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 2 (39) (2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2018.39.48-52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes the transformational processes in the agrarian sector of Ukraine during 1990–2012. Causes and consequences of the decline of the agrarian sphere, as well as the sectoral and territorial changes in agriculture for the period of transformation in the context of administrative regions are analysed. According to statistical data, maps of the dynamics of plant growing and animal husbandry have been developed. Keywords: cartographic analysis, agrarian transformation, agrarian sector, agriculture.
11
SCHILIZZI, STEVEN G. M., ALFRED P. CONESA, and MICHÈLE VALMALLE. "THE HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THE CAMARGUE AGRARIAN SYSTEM." Sociologia Ruralis 27, no. 2-3 (August 1987): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1987.tb00995.x.
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12
GIBBON, PETER. "Class Dynamics of Agrarian Change - By Henry Bernstein." Journal of Agrarian Change 11, no. 2 (March 17, 2011): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2011.00303.x.
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13
Mordy, Meghan. "Class Dynamics of Agrarian Change - By Henry Bernstein." Rural Sociology 76, no. 4 (December 2011): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2011.00065_5.x.
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14
Leksana, Grace. "Ketimpangan dan Kontinuitas Patronase dalam Lintasan Sejarah: Menelusuri Sejarah Perubahan Agraria di Malang Selatan." BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan 5, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31292/jb.v5i1.319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: Opinions that perceive villages (desa) as solid entity, traditional, reservoir of labor and foodcrops, have been intensively criticized. On the contrary, villages are filled with social-political tension, class difference, and became areas where large conflicts in history also took place. This article develops the second argument, which tries to trace agrarian transformation through history: from the colonial period, independence and the New Order. By presenting a case study in South Malang, East Java, this article aim to show that village dynamics are controlled by patronage relation, where agrarian policies only benefited certain groups in the village. Historical analysis also shows how patronage relation persisted, although the state had changed. Violence that occurred in regime change did not necessarily transform the patronage relation in the village, instead strengthened it through the formation of new alliances. Agrarian policies that are going to be developed in the present should notice this power relation. The question of ‘who gets what’ should be continuously raised by agrarian studies experts and policy makers.Keywords: patronage relation, clientelism, class inequality, 1965 violence, colonial plantation, Malang-East JavaIntisari: Pandangan yang melihat desa sebagai entitas solid, tradisional, reservoir tenaga kerja dan pangan, telah banyak dikritik. Sebaliknya, desa dipenuhi dengan ketegangan sosial-politik, perbedaan kelas dan area dimana konflik-konflik besar dalam sejarah juga terjadi. Artikel ini mengembangkan pandangan kedua, dan berusaha menelusuri perubahan agraria dari masa ke masa: periode kolonial, kemerdekaan dan Orde Baru. Dengan mengambil studi kasus di Malang Selatan, Jawa Timur, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa dinamika desa dikuasai oleh relasi patronase, sehingga kebijakan-kebijakan agraria hanya menguntungkan kelompok tertentu di desa. Analisa historis juga memperlihatkan bagaimana relasi patronase terus bertahan, meskipun negara (dalam hal ini sistem pemerintahan) telah berubah. Kekerasan yang terjadi dalam perubahan-perubahan rezim tidak mengubah relasi patron di tingkat desa, namun justru memperkuatnya dengan memunculkan aliansi-aliansi baru. Kebijakan-kebijakan agraria yang akan diambil pada masa kini seyogyanya memperhatikan relasi kuasa tersebut, sehingga pertanyaan ‘siapa mendapat apa’ harus kerap dikedepankan oleh para pegiat studi agraria dan para pengambil kebijakan.Kata kunci: relasi patronase, klientelisme, ketimpangan kelas, kekerasan 1965, perkebunan kolonial, Malang-Jawa Timur
15
Handayani, Sri Wahyu, Siti Kunarti, and Supriyanto. "The Dynamics of Paddy Land Legal Policy in Indonesia." SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185403009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research is conducted to describe the history of paddy land legal policy in Indonesia. Indonesia is an agrarian country which has ever received an award as rice self-sufficiency country in 1984. Nevertheless, now Indonesia becomes rice importer as paddy land decreases. Thus, it needs to be examined from dynamics of legal policy protection side. This research is divided into three periods, the appearance of Basic Agrarian Law in 1960, the New Order period until 1999, and Reformation period until 2017. The used method is historical method. This research also investigates several problems that arise from the implementation of paddy land legal policy in Indonesia.
16
ANOKHINA, Marina Y., Elmira B. DARIBAYEVA, and Gulnar K. JOLDASBAYEVA. "Clustering as a Mechanism of Kazakhstan Agro-industrial Complex Economic Growth." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 4 (June 30, 2019): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.4(42).11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the study is to develop the mechanism of clustering the agrarian economy of Kazakhstan as the basis for ensuring the economic growth of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the country. The methodology of the research is based on the author's concept of managing the economic growth of agro-industrial production and determining the role of clustering in ensuring its sustainability. In contrast to the previously developed approaches to the management of economic dynamics processes of the industrial complex, the identification of quantitative, qualitative and reproductive components is proposed. The influence of cluster technologies on reproductive dynamics of agro-industrial complex, the level of which determines opportunities and sustainability of economic growth of Kazakhstan agro-industrial production, is substantiated. The result of the research is the proposed algorithm of agrarian cluster establishment taking into account regional peculiarities of Kazakhstan, forming the basis of country agrarian economy clustering and ensuring the economic dynamics of agro-industrial production at a new qualitative level.
17
Awang Hardian Sadono. "Penanganan Masalah Pertanahan Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan." Rampai Jurnal Hukum (RJH) 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35473/rjh.v2i1.2255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land issues are problems that often cause prolonged disputes in the dynamics of Indonesian people's lives. The government's efforts to be serious in minimizing or suppressing land disputes are evidenced by the function of handling land cases at the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency which then issued a policy related to handling land cases which until its last amendment was through the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of Agency National Land Affairs Number 21 of 2020 Concerning Handling and Settlement of Land Cases. The handling of land cases carried out by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency is a new breakthrough in order to avoid the accumulation of cases in the world of justice. This research aims to examine and analyze the process of handling land cases carried out by the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency according to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 21 of 2020 concerning Handling and Settlement of Land Cases, and to understand and analyze the form of implementation of the cancellation of legal products in handling land cases. From the results of the research it can be stated that the process of handling land cases in relation to the cancellation of Land Rights Certificates can be carried out through the judiciary and outside the court which contains administrative defects and/or juridical defects. Abstrak Masalah Pertanahan merupakan masalah yang sering kali menimbulkan sengketa yang berkepanjangan dalam dinamika kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Usaha pemerintah untuk serius dalam meminimalkan atau meredam sengketa pertanahan dibuktikan dengan adanya fungsi penanganan kasus pertanahan pada Kementerian Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional yang kemudian dikeluarkan kebijakan terkait penanganan kasus pertanahan yang sampai dengan perubahan terakhirnya melalui Peraturan Menteri Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan. Penanganan kasus pertanahan yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional adalah merupakan terobosan baru dalam rangka untuk menghindari penumpukan perkara di dunia peradilan. Penelelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalis proses penanganan kasus pertanahan yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional menurut Peraturan Menteri Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penanganan dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan, dan untuk memahami dan menganalisis bentuk pelaksanaan pembatalan produk hukum dalam penanganan kasus pertanahan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dikemukakan bahwa proses penanganan kasus pertanahan dalam kaitannya dengan pembatalan Sertipikat Hak Atas Tanah dapat dilakukan melalui Lembaga peradilan dan di luar pengadilan yang mengandung cacat adminitrasi dan/atau cacat yuridis.
18
Pavelko, O., I. Lazaryshyna, O. Harnaha, P. Nesenenko, M. Myronets, and S. Sokoliuk. "Strategic alternatives for the development of the agricultural sector in conditions of environmental sustainability." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1126, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1126/1/012027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The research of the strategic alternatives for the development of the agricultural sector in conditions of environmental sustainability is considered in the article. Social and environmental problems that need to be properly solved in the field of the agrarian sector are investigated. Dynamics of exports to other countries of the world and the share of agricultural exports in its overall structure for 2007-2019 is reviewed. The Global Food Security Index (GFSI) as a quantitative-qualitative model based on more than 28 indicators for Ukraine is studied in dynamics. The method of forming the value of the GFSI indicator of Ukraine for 2021 is investigated. The supplement certain groups of agrarian sector development principles of the economy with separate principles are proposed. Directions for building a strategy for the agrarian sector development are suggested.
19
Muharor, Mohammad Zaki, Ahmad Naufal Ridlo, and Fatah Riski Alan Nurin. "Dinamika tanah perdikan Desa Drajat Kecamatan Paciran Kabupaten Lamongan Tahun 1475-1995." Historiography 1, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um081v1i32021p275-283.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drajat village is a village that was originally status as a fief land, which is an area that is not taxed by the traditional village government which is a legacy of Raden Qosim or better known to the public as Sunan Drajat. This land was given by the Sultan of Demak, namely Raden Patah to Sunan Drajad as a fief land to broadcast Islam in eastern Java. In its dynamics, the fief land had undergone several status changes in the old order era with the agrarian reform program which was later ratified in the 1960 agrarian reform law. This study uses a historical methodology and focuses on the dynamics of the fief land in the village of Drajat, Paciran sub-district, Lamongan district. This paper contains the change in status and ownership of land perdikan drajat in the sultanate, colonial and contemporary eras.Desa Drajat adalah sebuah desa yang semula berstatus sebagai tanah perdikan yaitu kawasan yang tidak di pungut pajak oleh pemerintahan kerajaan tradisional desa yang merupakan peninggalan Raden Qosim atau yang lebih dikenal masyarakat sebagai Sunan Drajat. Tanah ini diberikan oleh Sultan Demak yaitu Raden Patah kepada Sunan Drajad sebagai tanah perdikan untuk menyiarkan agama Islam di Jawa bagian timur. Dalam dinamikanya tanah perdikan sempat mengalami beberapa kali pergantian status di era orde lama dengan program pembaruan agraria yang kemudian disahkan dalam undang-undang pembaruan agraria tahun 1960. penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi sejarah serta berfokus mengenai dinamika tanah perdikan desa drajat kecamatan paciran kabupaten lamongan. Tulisan ini berisi pergantian status dan kepemilikan tanah perdikan drajat pada era kesultanan, kolonial serta kontemporer.
20
SHUBRAVSKA, Olena. "AGRARIAN CORPORATE SECTOR: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.02.062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author considers the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for research of agrarian corporations and the corporatization process of the agrarian sector of Ukraine’s economy. It is found that the current domestic legislation does not contain a single and comprehensive definition of a corporation in general and an agrarian corporation in particular. Meanwhile, their existing definitions show some inconsistency in the interpretation of the definition of a “corporation” in various legislative acts. Formation of corporations is inseparable from the processes of concentration and integration. The main features of the institutional unit affiliation with the corporate sector are: the pooling of resources (capital and/or property), internal structuring and separation of property rights from the rights of management (control). The corporation is an economic system with certain social functions. The corporate segment in agriculture is formed of agricultural enterprises, their associations and cooperatives. At the same time, agrarian corporations should not formally include the state and private enterprises with a sole proprietor, as well as farms. The agrarian corporate system is not homogeneous either in composition or in the nature of regulation. It should be structured according to certain characteristics (for example, according to the size of land-use and/or livestock). Accordingly, the development trends of various segments, their impact on the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and the effectiveness of the state regulation of the industry should be examined. Ukraine’s agrarian corporate sector demonstrates a generally positive development dynamics. It produces almost half of all agrarian output and more than half of plant-growing. Agricultural corporations make the main contribution to ensuring a positive balance of foreign trade in agricultural products. At the same time, corporations are responsible for distorting the structure of exports, namely for the prevalence of several groups of commodities in exports. Holding entities, whose activities are not legalized, dominate in the agrarian corporate sector.
21
Pierri, Francesco Maria. "How Brazil's Agrarian Dynamics Shape Development Cooperation in Africa." IDS Bulletin 44, no. 4 (June 28, 2013): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1759-5436.12043.
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22
Fernández Álvarez, José. "La estructura agraria en Castilla y León. La concentración parcelaria como instrumento de adaptabilidad y modernización territorial = The Agrarian Structure of Castilla y León. Land Consolidation as an Instrument of Adaptability and Territorial Modernization." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VI, Geografía, no. 12 (October 15, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfvi.12.2019.23110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Desde mediados del siglo XX el espacio agrario de Castilla y León, y de gran parte de España, viene transformando las características que durante años definieron su estructuración. La masiva movilización demográfica obligó a adaptar los territorios ante el imponente grado de despoblación y con el fin de aumentar la producción, reducir los costes y poder, de este modo, competir en un mercado globalizado. El índice de correlación ayudará a garantizar la estrecha vinculación existente entre la dinámica poblacional, las variables estructurales y el fenómeno de la concentración parcelaria, mecanismo que se convertirá en el verdadero instrumento de modernización de la estructura agraria, centrado en eliminar las propiedades negativas que hasta la década de los 60 dominaban el espacio agrario castellano y leonés, si bien, este estará condicionado en todo momento por los componentes físicos de la altitud, la pendiente y el material geológico presentes en el territorio. Abstract Since the mid-twentieth century the agrarian space of Castilla y León, and much of Spain, has been transforming the characteristics that for years defined its structuring. The massive demographic mobilization forced to adapt the territories against the imposing degree of depopulation, in order to increase production, reduce costs and be able to compete, in this way, in a globalized market. The correlation index will help guarantee the close link between population dynamics, structural variables and the phenomenon of land consolidation, a mechanism that will become the real instrument for the modernization of the agrarian structure, focused on eliminating the negative properties that dominated the castellano y leonés space until the 60s, although this will be conditioned at all times by the physical components of altitude, slope and geological material present in the territory.
23
Serrano Sanz, José-María, Marcela Sabaté, and Carmen Fillat. "Trigo y política: El proteccionismo cerealista en el Parlamento, 1886-1890." Historia Agraria Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 85 (October 1, 2021): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.085e06j.
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This paper studies the channels through which the agrarian crisis (1886-1890) arrived in the Spanish Parliament and, once there, centered the economic debate until an increase of protectionism was passed. The analysis of the roll-call votes on agrarian customs that took place in those years allows to identify, narrative and quantitatively, the line-up of congressmen according to partisan guides, but, also, according to the economic interests, agrarian interests here, of the provinces that they represented. Interestingly, the Parliamentary dynamics that the agrarian crisis revealed supports the idea of those who see in the Bourbon Restauration a regime where decision-making resulted from the interaction between the economic and political powers.
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Chazarreta, Adriana. "Applying Stavenhagen’s Analytical Approach to Research on Argentine Agrarian Social Structure." Latin American Perspectives 45, no. 2 (January 8, 2018): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17749459.
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Rodolfo Stavenhagen’s analytical approach, as laid out in his 1965 “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America,” prioritized a dialectical perspective and relationships of functionality between two dynamics within a single structure and crystallized in fundamental conceptual proposals such as internal colonialism and a focus on the analysis of agrarian social structure. Application of the approach to current research problems in Argentina sheds light on the changes in agrarian social structure that have taken place in recent decades, in particular changes in dominant forms of land tenure, the relations of production, and the functional relationships between areas at different levels of development. La perspectiva analítica que Rodolfo Stavenhagen desarrolla en “Siete tesis equivocadas sobre América Latina ” prioriza la perspectiva dialéctica y las relaciones de funcionalidad entre dos dinámicas de una misma estructura y cristalizada en propuestas como el concepto de “colonialismo interno” y en el análisis de la estructura social agraria. La actualidad de este abordaje para definir algunos problemas de investigación que remiten a los cambios ocurridos en las últimas décadas en la estructura social agraria de Argentina arroja luz sobre cambios a las formas dominantes de propiedad y tenencia de la tierra, a las relaciones de producción en el agro y a las relaciones de funcionalidad que se establecen entre zonas o áreas de diferentes niveles de desarrollo.
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Mishra, Deepak K. "Agrarian crisis and neoliberalism in India." Human Geography 13, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942778620935688.
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The nature and manifestations of the rural and agrarian distress in India point to the disastrous, class-specific nature of neoliberal economic policies. A significant aspect of this process is its spatial dimensions – the various ways through which uneven development has been the cornerstone of the unfolding dynamics of economic growth in globalizing India. The prolonged agrarian crisis, fuelled by neoliberal economic policies, has created a crisis of survival in the rural areas. It has uprooted a class of cultivators and agricultural labourers, who have joined the informal economy as insecure, vulnerable workers.
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Marsden, Terry, Jo Banks, and Gillian Bristow. "The Social Management of Rural Nature: Understanding Agrarian-Based Rural Development." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 34, no. 5 (May 2002): 809–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3427.
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There is a growing realisation that agriculture is a central mechanism for delivering sustainable rural development in Europe. However, agro-industrial and postproductivist logics and dynamics have largely tended to marginalise its significance. In this paper we explore some of the conceptual parameters needed to develop the rural development dynamic. This is one which recentralises agriculture and farm-based activities and provides a basis for countering the growing crisis in rural and agricultural policymaking. In order to further embed the rural development dynamic, however, new alliances need to be attached to the struggles that are currently underway in rural areas. This will involve the state and social scientists playing a greater constructive role in developing the social infrastructure around which current exemplars of agrarian-based rural development can become more mainstream.
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Yaro, Joseph Awetori, Joseph Kofi Teye, and Gertrude Dzifa Torvikey. "Agricultural commercialisation models, agrarian dynamics and local development in Ghana." Journal of Peasant Studies 44, no. 3 (March 16, 2017): 538–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2016.1259222.
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Monjane, Boaventura, and Natacha Bruna. "Confronting agrarian authoritarianism: dynamics of resistance to PROSAVANA in Mozambique." Journal of Peasant Studies 47, no. 1 (October 22, 2019): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2019.1671357.
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Minvielle, Paul, Jacques Daligaux, and Stéphane Angles. "Agrarian areas: landscape dynamics, ground laws, parties involved and planning." Méditerranée, no. 120 (October 18, 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mediterranee.6621.
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Cruz, Pablo, Nancy Egan, Richard Joffre, Jorge L. Cladera, and Thierry Winkel. "When the Past Lives in the Present. Agrarian Landscapes and Historical Social Dynamics in the Southern Andes (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina)." Land 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070687.
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This article examines the agrarian landscape in one part of the southern Andes (Quebrada of Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina). The region possesses extensive and well-preserved archaeological remains of agricultural systems, which stretch back to pre-Hispanic times. In this study, we employ an interdisciplinary approach in our analysis of the components that structure the agrarian landscape, especially those historical processes that intervened in its formation. The creation of a cartographic base, built from remote sensing and fieldwork data, allowed for the identification of four principal components of the landscape, each of which correspond to distinct phases or periods that mark the region’s history. Our study shows that, in contrast to what is observed in many other rural areas, the successive productive dynamics that developed in the area did not result in the destruction of previous productive structures. Rather, the agrarian landscape in the study area presents a multi-temporal agglutinating combination or composition, which transcends historical discontinuities in the productive matrix. This is owing to the partial reutilisation of previous structures in each period; however, religious and cultural factors play an important role. The agrarian landscape we studied is not only a passive result of human activity, but also a force influencing the productive and lifestyle decisions of the peasant populations that live there today. Our research amplifies the understanding of agrarian landscapes in the Andes and shows how past temporalities are articulated with the present through a dialectical process.
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Nazarova, K. O., V. Y. Hordopolov, N. Y. Kuliasha, and O. Y. Kuliasha. "Development of Agribusiness in Ukraine: Analysis, Evaluation and Audit." Business Inform 9, no. 512 (2020): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-9-136-146.
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The article explores the tendencies in the development of the agrarian market of Ukraine. The place of evaluation, analysis and audit of agribusiness, in particular large agriholdings, in ensuring the trust of users of information to their activities is determined. Significance of the agrarian sector for the national economy is proved through the consideration of its share and its dynamics in GDP generation. The average sectoral performance indicators of agribusiness activity in Ukraine in 2017-2019 were analyzed and evaluated. The significance of the negative impact of quarantine restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the agrarian market of Ukraine is determined. In addition, other factors hindering the development of the agrarian market in Ukraine during 2015-2020 are examined. The balance of key indicators in the market that is kept between the values of national production, domestic consumption, export and import of agrarian products is researched and the export direction of development of the Ukrainian agrarian market is proved. It is emphasized that there is no shortage of agrarian products on the national market. The article contains a list of the largest farmers in Ukraine in terms of annual income, land bank size and employment activity of the population. In addition, the research determines the high level of investment attractiveness of the agrarian market of Ukraine, and therefore proves the need to conduct an audit of agribusiness to ensure a high level of trust of foreign investors to the actors of the agrarian market. Conclusions have been drawn about the effectiveness of this activity and a prediction for the future is made.
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Rathi, Ankita. "Deras Beyond Caste: Remedies for Developmental Pressures." South Asia Research 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 416–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728020944785.
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In the northern regions of India, the rising popularity of alternative religious sects, prominently Deras, has sparked much interest in explaining this phenomenon. Current literature, based on case studies of specific Dalit Deras, relates the emergence of these religious sects to caste-based social discrimination and exclusion of lower castes by the mainstream Sikh religion. This article presents a case study of a small town, Patran, in the state of Punjab. Confirming the popularity of these alternative religious sects for upper and lower castes in the town, the article argues that the contemporary attractiveness of Deras needs to be understood also as a result of localised agrarian dynamics and related social pressures engendered by the process of rural to urban and agrarian to non-agrarian transition.
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Matveenko, A. L. "Agrarian Production Growth in the Nizhneudinsk District of the Irkutsk Province in the Late ХIХ – Early ХХ Centuries". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, № 3 (27 жовтня 2018): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-3-43-48.
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The research features the process of agrarian development in the Nizhneudinsk area of the Irkutsk province in the late XIX – early ХХ centuries, its agricultural industry, as well as the influence of mass migration and the construction of the TransSiberian Railway on the local agrarian development. The author identified regional tendencies in the development of agrarian production in the Nizhneudinsk district in the period described. The paper gives a detailed description of the local agricultural production and the land use system. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of the cultivated areas and the causes of crop failure. The author has managed to establish a close connection of the phenomena with the socio-economic and natural factors.In the late XIX – early ХХ centuries the subregion was a real "territory of advanced development", in modern terms. The analysis of the agrarian development of the Nizhneudinsk district shows a progressive development of the agrarian production. The methodology is based on the principles and methods of scientific knowledge, including the principle of historicism, according to which the agrarian development of the subregion is considered in the historical context of the local socio-economic and natural phenomena. The author used some general scientific methods of research, i.e. the method of analysis, synthesis, as well as special methods of historical research, such as statistic analysis.
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Bull, Philip. "The formation of the United Irish League, 1898–1900: the dynamics of Irish agrarian agitation." Irish Historical Studies 33, no. 132 (November 2003): 404–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400015911.
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There is now an extensive literature on agrarian protest and unrest in Ireland from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, ranging from studies of secret societies to large-scale organisations such as the Land League. There has not, however, been any detailed published account of the dynamics and character of a most extensive and significant Irish agitation, the United Irish League, which was launched in January 1898. A study of this body is important, not only in its own terms, but for the light it throws on the nature of Irish agrarian agitation generally, especially as there exist more extant records than for earlier examples. By early 1900 this organisation had spread across most of Ireland, and it was to have major implications for the future course of Irish nationalism. Its methods were partly a consequence of a cumulative experience from the past, focused particularly on its immediate predecessors, the Land League of 1879–82, the subsequent Irish National League, and the Plan of Campaign in the latter half of the 1880s. Its political and agrarian purposes were to an unusual degree clearly articulated, thereby enabling a more precise analysis of the way in which particular methods of protest were related to objectives.
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Mahapatra, Sushanta Kumar. "Dynamics of irrigation management and interlinked agrarian relations: empirical findings from a canal irrigation command in Odisha, India." Water Policy 14, no. 6 (September 7, 2012): 957–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.105.
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The literature on the dynamics of irrigation management, in terms of the analysis of interlinked agrarian relations, is very limited. This paper attempts to get a detailed grassroots view of farmers' knowledge of various issues pertaining to the relationship between agrarian structure, land and water. Data from 200 sample cultivators of different farm sizes and 20 landless labour households were collected from eight sample villages situated in head-reach and tail-end distributaries of branch canals in selected Hirakud irrigation commands in Odisha, India. An analysis of the nature of the interlinking of various agrarian markets in the studied distributaries showed that interlinked credit transactions are mostly prevalent among landless labour and small farm households. To some extent, they are higher in head-reach distributaries compared to tail-end distributaries. Research showed that the incidence of tenancy in the head-reach areas is also higher than the tail-end. There is a need for the adequacy, timeliness and reliability of water supply, and for equality in water distribution between head- and tail-reaches.
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Tsetsiarynets, Tatsiana. "EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION OF AGRARIAN HUMAN CAPITAL." Economy and Sociology, no. 1 (August 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2022.1-04.
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The article substantiates the identification of agrarian human capital as a specific form of human capital and provides its author's interpretation. In determining its quantitative value, the advantages of using the income assessment method rather than the cost (investment) approach are proven. The latter circumstance is the basis for the development of methods to assess the effectiveness of its functioning in the agrarian sphere, based on the acme technology. The use of the acmeological approach is conditioned by the necessity of a comprehensive analysis of the process of human capital formation in the agricultural sector of Belarus. This approach considers the individual's creative and purposeful possibilities and achievements. A system of interrelated indicators, which allows determining the effectiveness of the use of agrarian human capital, is proposed. The main aim of the research is to develop a methodical approach to evaluate the efficiency of the functioning of agrarian human capital. The article was prepared with the use of general scientific research methods and private approaches to solving problems. In particular, the methodology of analysis, synthesis, graphic and tabular methods were used. Practical testing of the proposed assessment methodology shows a decrease in the efficiency of agrarian human capital’s functioning. This is due to the prevailing dynamics of growth of quantitative indicators compared to those of qualitative parameters. The proposed methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of agrarian human capital can be used by the representatives of management bodies, scientists and researchers to develop program documents to form state agrarian and regional policy.
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Koberniuk, Serhii O. "Digital Technologies in Agrarian Marketing." Business Inform 2, no. 541 (2023): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-2-270-277.
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This article is aimed at studying the current directions of application of digital technologies in agrarian marketing. The purpose of the article is to define current trends in the development of digital technologies in order to evaluate their potential, problems of use, adaptation of opportunities to improve the efficiency of marketing activities of agro-industrial enterprises. The article defines digital trends in the global economy and economy of Ukraine, analyzes the dynamics of the e-advertising market in Ukraine, identifies priority platforms for the development of digital marketing by business entities in the agrarian sector. The main theoretical approaches to substantiating the feasibility of using digital instruments by agricultural enterprises are revealed. The key advantages of using social networks, e-commerce, mobile applications as platforms to improve the efficiency of agribusiness are defined. The main conceptual task in building a marketing strategy of the company is a combination of tactics, operational means, mechanisms for implementing innovative ideas for brand formation, winning leading competitive positions, overcoming development barriers and contradictions in the organization of interaction with market entities. The practice of using digital instruments, such as e-commerce, social networks, search engine optimization of sites (SEO, SMO), mobile applications and others, has proven their high performance and leading role in the rapid processing of market data, building effective communications, reducing costs, mastering new consumer segments. The world’s leading marketers insist on this processes, describing them in modern conception of «marketing 4.0» and «marketing 5.0». Attention is also paid to the analysis of the problems that companies may face in the process of implementing digitalization projects for marketing activities.
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Bhaduri, Amit, Hussain Zillur Rahman, and Ann‐Lisbet Arn. "Persistence and polarisation: A study in the dynamics of agrarian contradiction." Journal of Peasant Studies 13, no. 3 (April 1986): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066158608438302.
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Cochet, Hubert. "Agrarian Dynamics, Population Growth and Resource Management: The Case of Burundi." GeoJournal 60, no. 2 (2004): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:gejo.0000033593.29549.3b.
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Tilzey, Mark. "Capitalism, imperialism, nationalism: agrarian dynamics and resistance as radical food sovereignty." Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement 41, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2020.1767543.
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Hanh, Han Quang, Hossein Azadi, Thomas Dogot, Vu Dinh Ton, and Philippe Lebailly. "Dynamics of Agrarian Systems and Land Use Change in North Vietnam." Land Degradation & Development 28, no. 3 (October 6, 2016): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2609.
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BROYAKA, Antonina. "PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISES OF AGRARIAN AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 1 (50) (April 28, 2020): 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2020-1-10.
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The article examines the essence of foreign economic activity of enterprises, the features and prospects of its implementation in the field of agrarian and industrial complex. Based on the conducted analysis, it is proved that agrarian export of Ukraine plays a significant role in the formation of the budget and GDP of the country, since its share in 2018 was 14.2% of GDP and 33.4% of the total national exports of goods. The dynamics of export-import operations of the agrarian sector is explored and it is found that it demonstrates a positive trend in contrast to the general foreign trade balance of Ukraine. The analysis of the agrarian exports structure in 2010-2019 confirms the growth of the share of the majority of agrarian products types sold abroad. However, Ukrainian exports are mainly oriented towards raw materials, which, among other reasons, is associated with technological backwardness and the limited ability of domestic agricultural producers to purchase modern equipment and technologies due to theirs low solvency. The commodity orientation of Ukrainian exports makes the competitive position of Ukraine in foreign markets vulnerable, since the demand for commodities is unstable and is characterized by significant price volatility. The geographical structure of foreign trade in agrarian products and the possibilities of its further diversification are investigated. The majority of Ukrainian products in Europe are purchased in Poland, Italy and Germany. Significant connoisseurs of Ukrainian products are also Turkey, China, India, Egypt. Ukrainian exports should be expanded to Asian and Eastern countries. The key problems that put the brakes on the development of the foreign economic activity of the enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex and hinder the competitiveness increase of domestic agrarian products in the international market are identified. A number of measures are proposed to promote the further development of the foreign economic activity of the enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex, including the development of appropriate strategies taking into account global market trends, harmonization and compliance with the quality and safety standards of agrarian products, improving the innovative component, strengthening state support (including financial) of the export-oriented agrarian enterprises, improving the investment climate, and more.
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Zazulina, M. R. "Institutional Dynamics of the Agricultural Sector as a Factor of Transformation of Rural Communities." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 16, no. 3 (2018): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2018-16-3-173-184.
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The paper shows dynamics of the institutions of the agrarian sector in the post-Soviet period and provides the characteristics of the economic and social consequences of these changes for the development of rural communities. It was revealed that in the agrarian institutions two different components are present, the archaic and the modern, which structure the life of the rural society. The archaic component is represented by the institution of private subsidiary farms, is associated with the minimization of all life support processes and ensures the survival of the village in times of crisis. The modern component, represented by agricultural organizations and farming, is associated with the development of innovative agricultural production, and not with the support of rural communities. The development of innovative forms of management leads to a weakening of the social and economic potential of personal subsidiary plots and the unsustainable dynamics of the rural society.
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Aranchiy, V. I., О. P. Zoria, and O. A. Riznychenko. "Level of resource potential and efficiency of business and factors of their influence on forming agricultural enterprises development strategy." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 2 (2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-2-4.
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Introduction. System transformations in the Ukrainian economy agrarian sector should lay the foundation for balanced integrated development of individual enterprises, sectors of the national economy and the country as a whole. Socio-economic development of agrarian enterprises should be the concept basis of entrepreneurial activity efficiency increasing in agriculture. Аn effective strategy formation for the Ukrainian agrarian sector development and business entities in this field requires identification of the existing problems and the search for effective ways of their solution. The purpose of the study is to summarize theoretical and methodological principles, develop methodological and practical recommendations for the formation and design the development strategy for the domestic agricultural enter-prises in the conditions of globalization of the economy on the basis of their resource potential analysis and management efficiency. Results. The paper analyzes the modern level of resource provision and management efficiency in agrarian en-terprises of the Poltava region, identifies the factors influencing the activity efficiency and the strategy of their devel-opment. It is determined that it is necessary to formulate a strategy for the agrarian enterprises development in order to balance the economic, ecological and social problems of their development in the conditions of further institutional transformations in the state economy. An analysis of the level and their development dynamics in contemporary condi-tions was carried out to create a strategy for the agrarian enterprises further development. It is established that the outlined negative tendencies in the agrarian sector only exacerbate the issue of the strategy forming importance for the agrarian enterprises development in order to further increase the efficiency of their functioning and competitiveness in the food market as an important sector of the state's economy that is able to ensure the growth of gross output produc-tion in the crisis period and to guarantee food security country. Conclusions. It is determined that the level of resource potential and the management efficiency are the main guides and a key element in the strategy formation for the agrarian enterprises development in the conditions of globali-zation of the economy.
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Selyutin, Sergey. "IMPERATIVES OF INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE." Green, Blue and Digital Economy Journal 1, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2020-2-18.
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The purpose of the article. Formation of effective state policy and mechanisms for managing innovative development of the agrarian sector in Ukraine is one of the priority tasks facing the state. In turn, the identification and analysis of factors hindering the implementation of the domestic state policy of innovation development of the agrarian sector is also a very important task. Methodology. In the course of the research general scientific and special methods of research were used, in particular: theoretical generalization, comparison and morphological analysis – in the process of formation of the conceptual-categorical apparatus of the research; Structural-structural-functional analysis - to justify the factors of the formation of the state policy of innovative development of the agrarian sector in Ukraine. Results. It has been established that in order to formulate the state policy of innovation development of the agrarian sector in Ukraine, it is necessary to have a clear idea of the structure of the innovative potential of the agrarian sector, the interrelations between its components, the system and factors that allow the most fully and effectively to implement in practice the opportunities laid down in it. In order to form an effective state policy for innovative development of the agrarian sector, a classification of the factors influencing it is proposed. Practical implications. The need to study the factors influencing the state policy of innovative development of the agrarian sector in Ukraine is primarily due to the substantiation of their content and possible forms of manifestation in the context of developing an effective system of state regulation aimed at activating innovation in the agricultural sector. In turn, the factors influencing the innovative development of the agrarian sector depend on the existing structural features of agrarian production, the level of scientific and educational and technical activities, etc. Value/originality. The proposed classification of factors that influence the formation of the state policy of innovative development of the agrarian sector in Ukraine: on the effectiveness of actions; by the nature of influence; on the structure of the infrastructure; by scale of influence. Based on the knowledge of the factors that significantly determine the dynamics of innovative development of the agrarian sector, it is possible to characterize its parameters and, on this basis, to develop recommendations related to the development of a sustainable economic growth strategy for the innovative development of the agrarian sector and the state as a whole.
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Karakatsanis, Georgios, and Nikos Mamassis. "Energy and the Macrodynamics of Agrarian Societies." Land 12, no. 8 (August 15, 2023): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12081603.
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For the present work, we utilized Leslie White’s anthropological theory of cultural evolutionism as a theoretical benchmark for econometrically assessing the macrodynamics of energy use in agrarian societies that constituted the human civilization’s second energy paradigm between 12,000 BC and 1800 AC. As White’s theory views a society’s ability to harness and control energy from its environment as the primary function of culture, we may classify the evolution of human civilizations in three phases according to their energy paradigm, defined as the dominant pattern of energy harvesting from nature. In this context, we may distinguish three energy paradigms so far: hunting–gathering, agriculture, and fossil fuels. Agriculture, as humanity’s energy paradigm for ~14,000 years, essentially comprises a secondary form of solar energy that is biochemically transformed by photosynthetic life (plants and land). Based on this property, we model agrarian societies with similar principles to natural ecosystems. Just like natural ecosystems, agrarian societies receive abundant solar energy input but also have limited land ability to transform and store them biochemically. As in natural ecosystems, this constraint is depicted by the carrying capacity emerging biophysically from the limiting factor. Hence, the historical dynamics of agrarian societies are essentially reduced to their struggle to maximize energy use by maximizing the area and productivity of fertile land –in the role of a solar energy transformation hub– mitigating their limiting factor. Such an evolutionary forcing introduced technical upgrades, like the leverage of domesticated livestock power as a multiplier of the caloric value harvested by arable and grazing land combined. According to the above, we tested the econometric performance of four selected dynamic maps used extensively in ecology to reproduce humanity’s energy harvesting macrodynamics between 10,000 BC and 1800 AC: (a) the logistic map, (b) the logistic growth map, (c) a lower limiting case of the Hassel map that yields the Ricker map, and (d) a higher limiting case of the Hassel map that yields the Beverton–Holt map. Following our results, we discuss thoroughly our framework’s major elaborations on social hierarchy and competition as mechanisms for allocating available energy in society, as well as the related future research and econometric modeling challenges.
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Özgür, Erdem, and Alp Yücel Kaya. "The Kadro journal on the agrarian question in Turkey in the 1930s." Historia Agraria. Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 76 (November 28, 2018): 221–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.076e07o.
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İsmail Hüsrev Tökin, in his preface to Türkiye Köy İktisadiyatı (1990 [1934]), argues that an economist who might travel Turkey from its western to eastern frontiers would face diverse social and economic scenes: remnants from the previous centuries, in both their mature and embryonic forms. A common point of view of the literature related to agrarian question, from Kautsky to Chayanov, was the problem of the co-existence of pre-capitalist and capitalist agricultural structures within the context of a capitalist economic system, and the political implications of this setting. Tökin’s discussion was a part of such literature in general but it was also part of a movement formed around a monthly journal, Kadro, published between 1932 and 1935. This shortlived movement succeeded in producing original ideas with a dependency-like, developmentalist approach. Our paper aims to explain the analysis of Tökin, and also the Kadro journal on “the agrarian question” in Turkey. To this end, it will discuss how their empirical observations on agrarian dynamics in Turkey in the 1930s, and their theoretical background on the agrarian question, interacted to examine the specific aspects of Turkey’s rural economy. It concludes that Kadro authors’ focus in the agrarian question was on the problem of accumulation for industrialization, rather than the problem of democratic or socialist struggle.
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Sivaramakrishnan, K. "Social Structures and Spatial Alignments of Agrarian Urbanisation." Urbanisation 6, no. 1 (May 2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24557471211016597.
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Agrarian urbanisation has gathered pace and intensity in the last few decades after economic liberalisation in India. A faster rate of economic growth has exacerbated the extraction of rural natural resources to supply increased urban demands. At the same time, rural landscapes have been transformed by expanded infrastructure, new industrial ventures, conservation projects and urban sprawl. These processes have been mediated by shifting patterns of caste power and political mobilisation. However, they also seem to have exacerbated social inequality while making historically marginalised groups such as Dalits and Adivasis suffer greater dispossession and livelihood precarity. Case studies from different regions of India reveal both the socio-economic dynamics of regional variation in these broad outcomes of agrarian urbanism, and the cross-regional patterns of environmental degradation, exacerbated inequality and difficulties faced by agrarian society in reproducing itself as an integral part of Indian prosperity and progress.
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Zhukova, Tatyana, and Olga Panfilova. "The Russian agro-industrial sector under the influence of stress factors." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 08016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127308016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper considers the problems of dynamics of agro-industrial sector in Russia and the tendencies of its functioning in the contemporary context. The specific features of the country agrarian sphere, advantages and disadvantages of raw-material and agricultural orientation of the Russian economy are studied. It is emphasized that the agrarian sector is basic for the country development; the achievements in the field of providing the agrarian sphere with agricultural means of production are pointed out. Simultaneously, it is stressed that adaptation of the agricultural market to new conditions is connected with the factors of irresistible force influencing not only the national economy but also the whole world economy. The survival potential under the given conditions is connected, on the one hand, with the efforts of national producers, and, on the other hand, it directly depends on the transformation of financial relations and economic interrelations of the world community countries.
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Radchenko, Oksana, Liudmyla Tkach, and Olena Dendebera. "State regulation and support agrarian innovations in Ukraine." Ekonomika APK 313, no. 11 (November 27, 2020): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202011119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the article is to carry out a scientific generalization of the state of agricultural innovations and their state regulation in Ukraine on the example of scientific institutions. Research methods. The methodological basis of the research is the systemic method. A monographic method was used - for examining scientific publications of researchers on the problems of agricultural innovations and their state regulation; empirical, systemic and comparative analysis and synthesis, graphic methods - to assess the current state of science financing; statistical method - to assess the degree of government regulation and research funding; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalizations and conclusions. Research results. A review of scientific research on state regulation of agricultural innovations in Ukraine and the world is carried out. Shows the innovative position of Ukraine in international ratings. The state regulation of innovations through the analysis of the dynamics and efficiency of expenditures on agricultural science is investigated. Scientific novelty. The definition of state regulation of agricultural innovations was further developed as the choice of a certain model of organizational, regulatory, management measures for the creation and transfer of new technologies aimed at the formation of interrelated mechanisms of institutional, resource support for the support and development of innovative activities in agriculture for the purpose of socio-economic development. The substantiation of dependence of dynamics and efficiency of expenses on agrarian science and other spheres of economic activity in interrelation with macroeconomic indicators was deepened. Practical significance. Conclusions are made about the need to form a strategy for innovative development of the agricultural sector by supporting innovation and the IT industry; further cooperation between manufacturers, scientific institutions and the state. It is recommended to borrow foreign experience in terms of processing the state's strategy for regulating innovation in the agricultural sector, depending on the phase of economic development and budgetary opportunities. Tabl.: 5. Figs.: 4. Refs.: 38.