Дисертації з теми "Aging cables"
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Verardi, Luca <1986>. "Aging of nuclear power plant cables: in search of non-destructive diagnostic quantities." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6246/.
Повний текст джерелаStagni, Stefano. "Experimental evaluation of dielectric aging due to long TOV application in XLPE-insulated HVDC cables." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBernabè, Marco. "Space charge and dielectric response measurements to assess insulation aging of low-voltage cables used in nuclear power plants." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4824/.
Повний текст джерелаLanca, M. C. "Electrical ageing studies of polymeric insulation for power cables (estudo do envelhecimento eléctrico do isolante polimérico de cabos eléctricos." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/4769.
Повний текст джерелаPolymers have been widely used as electrical insulators in power cables. Polyethylene, initially low density and more recently crosslinked, are one of the more commonly used insulators in medium and high voltage power cables. They suffer electrical ageing in different forms, such as water treeing, electrical treeing and finally dielectric breakdown. The last one leading to costly cable failure. Many research works have been developed on this subject despite of the progress made up to now, results are still sometimes contradictory and difficult to reproduce. Any new insight into this problem is a step further in preventing failure of the cables and increasing their useful lifetime. The aim of this thesis was to relate ageing in two different aspects of electrical ageing: localised damage and changes in bulk properties of the polyethylene. For this different experimental techniques were used. Localised damage was water treeing and breakdown channels since no electrical trees were observed. The methods used for this study were FTIR,estimation of fractal dimension of water trees and statistics of dielectric breakdown. The changes of electric and dielectric bulk properties were accessed using mostly DRS, FTSDC and PEA. From the FTIR results it was possible to find oxidation products (mainly ketones and carboxylate ions) and chain scission. The values estimated for fractal dimension point to the same underlying microscopic mechanism for water treeing (at least for samples aged at different frequency and temperature). Breakdown statistics point to the important role of manufacture and processing of the insulator, since early breakdown is mostly dependent on defects resulting from these processes. A correlation between DRS, FTSDC and PEA shows the role played by space charge and trapping on ageing for longer times. The two different aspects (localised and bulk) are difficult to correlate because the first one has a stochastic behaviour. However the presence of space charge found in bulk studies can be regard as one of the initiator factors for localised damage.
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
Quennehen, Pierre. "Etude de la dégradation de la fonction isolation de câbles HT isolés au PVC." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI031/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe observed decrease in the resistivity of the PVC insulation of some high voltage unipolar cables led to question their ability to perform their function. Provide answers concerning in particular the origin of the variation in resistivity and the impact on the dielectric strength were the objectives of this study. The characterizations were carried on cables withdrawn from service whose properties had changed during their use. Physico-chemical characterization (IR microscopy, UV spectroscopy, SEM - EDX and coulometry) showed that aging of the cable resulted from a mechanism of dehydrochlorination. The presence of two modes of electric conduction in the material was observed: electronic conduction at a low temperature (< -10 ° C) and ionic conduction at room temperature and beyond. The presence of these two modes of conduction is consistent with the mechanism of dehydrochlorination. In contrast to an Arrhenius law, artificial aging showed a threshold effect in the thermal activation of the mechanism at the origin of the resistivity drop. The dielectric strength of the cable has been confirmed by tests at voltages or temperatures well beyond the nominal values. Measurements of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed occasional more or less pronounced overheatings that correlate with the resistivity drops, and can therefore be considered as being at the origin of the observed evolutions
Бойко, Антон Миколайович. "Діагностика полімерної ізоляції в процесі старіння кабелів під дією сильного електричного поля за трибоелектричним потенціалом". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/19647.
Повний текст джерелаThesis for granting Candidate of Technical sciences Degree in specialty 05.09.13 – Technics of Strong Electric and Magnetic Fields. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2015. The thesis is devoted to development and diagnostic system for substantiation triboelectric potential to detect changes in surface properties of polymer isolation in aging cables under the strong electric field, high temperature and radiation. The distribution of surface charge density and voltage drop along the length of symmetrical insulated conductors in the presence of the gap between them and the defective thin layer on the surface of the polymer insulation was established based on the analytical solution. Experimentally determined the values of triboelectric potential and its dynamics of change in the process of accelerated termoradiation aging polymer cable insulation depending on the design of applied materials. There is a significant (threefold) increase in the maximum value of the contact potential difference and achieve maximum torque bias towards smaller values for single core power cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation 6 kV after accelerated aging thermoradiation. This confirms the high sensitivity of triboelectric potential to aging and allows us to make a suggestion to use this parameter as an indicator of the polymeric insulation aging degree. Influence of surface charges and tribocharges on the results of diagnostic tests on the insulation resistance and stability during the measurement capacitance and dielectric loss tangent cables with polymer insulation was observed. Dynamics of changes in contact potential difference in the aging process power cables with different materials remains consistent with the results of diagnostic tests of capacity and dielectric loss tangent.
Бойко, Антон Миколайович. "Діагностика полімерної ізоляції в процесі старіння кабелів під дією сильного електричного поля за трибоелектричним потенціалом". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/19642.
Повний текст джерелаThesis for granting Candidate of Technical sciences Degree in specialty 05.09.13 – Technics of Strong Electric and Magnetic Fields. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2015. The thesis is devoted to development and diagnostic system for substantiation triboelectric potential to detect changes in surface properties of polymer isolation in aging cables under the strong electric field, high temperature and radiation. The distribution of surface charge density and voltage drop along the length of symmetrical insulated conductors in the presence of the gap between them and the defective thin layer on the surface of the polymer insulation was established based on the analytical solution. Experimentally determined the values of triboelectric potential and its dynamics of change in the process of accelerated termoradiation aging polymer cable insulation depending on the design of applied materials. There is a significant (threefold) increase in the maximum value of the contact potential difference and achieve maximum torque bias towards smaller values for single core power cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation 6 kV after accelerated aging thermoradiation. This confirms the high sensitivity of triboelectric potential to aging and allows us to make a suggestion to use this parameter as an indicator of the polymeric insulation aging degree. Influence of surface charges and tribocharges on the results of diagnostic tests on the insulation resistance and stability during the measurement capacitance and dielectric loss tangent cables with polymer insulation was observed. Dynamics of changes in contact potential difference in the aging process power cables with different materials remains consistent with the results of diagnostic tests of capacity and dielectric loss tangent.
Tzimas, Antonios. "Identification of AC electro-thermal ageing markers from artemis cable peelings." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4053.
Повний текст джерелаКессаев, Александр Геннадиевич. "Водные триинги в силовых кабелях при действии сильного электрического поля и техника их обнаружения". Thesis, НТУ "ХПИ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/26761.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis for a candidate degree in technical sciences, speciality 05.09.13 – Technics of Strong Electric and Magnetic Fields. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is devoted to the detection technology of water treeing in medium voltage power cables of coaxial design with a water barrier under the action of strong electric fields on the basis of mathematical modeling of spherical particles of water in the crosslinked polyethylene insulation and physical modeling of the humidification process of cable samples in the laboratory. Based on the proposed mathematical model of water treeing as clusters of spherical shape in the crosslinked polyethylene insulation of the high-voltage power cable of coaxial design with axial symmetry, the region of strong electric field has been shown to be a function of size and distance between spherical inclusions. Based on the simulation results, the technics of impulse reflectometry in the time domain has been confirmed to be as one of the promising methods for diagnosing operational irregularities (ellipticity, eccentricity, water treeing) in high voltage power cables. The results of physical modeling of accelerated aging have shown the effectiveness of the high-frequency dielectric spectroscopy technics for the detection of free water in the polymer insulation of new cables and aged in a wet environment. Using the measurements technics of dielectric absorption the informative diagnostic parameters of moistened cross-linked polyethylene insulation have been shown to be absorption currents measured at 15, 30 and 60th seconds after applying the high constant test voltage, and the dynamic of change of insulation resistance depending on the applied high DC voltage.
Buhari, Muhammad. "Reliability assessment of ageing distribution cable for replacement in 'smart' distribution systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reliability-assessment-of-ageing-distribution-cable-for-replacement-in-smart-distribution-systems(e253c774-b5e3-4872-9139-894e7df553f0).html.
Повний текст джерелаКєссаєв, Олександр Геннадійович. "Водяні триінги в силових кабелях при дії сильного електричного поля та техніка їх виявлення". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/26759.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis for a candidate degree in technical sciences, speciality 05.09.13 – Technics of Strong Electric and Magnetic Fields. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is devoted to the detection technology of water treeing in medium voltage power cables of coaxial design with a water barrier under the action of strong electric fields on the basis of mathematical modeling of spherical particles of water in the crosslinked polyethylene insulation and physical modeling of the humidification process of cable samples in the laboratory. Based on the proposed mathematical model of water treeing as clusters of spherical shape in the crosslinked polyethylene insulation of the high-voltage power cable of coaxial design with axial symmetry, the region of strong electric field has been shown to be a function of size and distance between spherical inclusions. Based on the simulation results, the technics of impulse reflectometry in the time domain has been confirmed to be as one of the promising methods for diagnosing operational irregularities (ellipticity, eccentricity, water treeing) in high voltage power cables. The results of physical modeling of accelerated aging have shown the effectiveness of the high-frequency dielectric spectroscopy technics for the detection of free water in the polymer insulation of new cables and aged in a wet environment. Using the measurements technics of dielectric absorption the informative diagnostic parameters of moistened cross-linked polyethylene insulation have been shown to be absorption currents measured at 15, 30 and 60th seconds after applying the high constant test voltage, and the dynamic of change of insulation resistance depending on the applied high DC voltage.
Cooper, Elizabeth Susan. "Application of polymer ageing models to cable geometry and time-to-failure distributions." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9984.
Повний текст джерелаOlivier, Nelson Cárdenas. "Análise de falha da camada polimérica externa de cabos umbilicais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3132/tde-14012008-111221/.
Повний текст джерелаIn the present work is proposed a method to establish a failure criterion of the polymeric external layer of umbilical cables used in offshore operations. The proposed method is based on the determination of the increment of the quantity of absorbed water by the polymeric external layer of the cable due to deterioration caused by cyclic loads and the aging process originated by the marine environment. The method proposes to carry out a uniaxial fatigue test on the polymer that composes the external layer of the cable. This test is made simulating the cyclical deformation that the external layer is submitted in the umbilical during the fatigue test done, according to the API 17E standard, during the process of cable homologation. It is also intended to make an artificial aging test in the polymeric external layer simulating the service conditions of the cable in the marine environment. In order to evaluate of the cyclical loads and the sea set aging influence on the properties of the polymer, carry out water absorption test according to the ASTM D 570 standard, traction test according to the ASTM D 638 standard, hardness test according to the ASTM D 2240 standard and observations in an scanning electron microscopy. Finally starting from the mass increment suffered by the polymer in the water absorption test it was estimated the damage in the external layer material of the cable. The results obtained in this work showed that the cyclical loads and marine environment accelerated the degradation process of polymeric external layer of umbilical cable demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed method.
Sidi, Ahmedou. "Etude de la dégradation radiolytique de polymères constitutifs de câbles contrôle/commande K1 en ambiance nucléaire." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22756/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is focused on the radiooxidative degradation of polymeric insulation of Instrument and Controle (I&C) electric cables. In order to investigate the degradation mechanisms of the insulation, an original approach has been implemented thanks to the use of model composites with ATH (Aluminium TriHydrate) filler and blends (without filler) based on a cross-linked mixture of EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) and EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) were submitted to gamma-irradiation. This work has been completed within the goal of extending the lifetime operation of French Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) by EDF. Multi-scale analysis of the model materials and insulation were performed in order to investigate de modifications and the evolution of the polymer properties induced by different kinds of ageing (thermo and/or radiooxidation). After having highlighted that whatever the ageing conditions are, degradation of polymers is governed by scission process, it is shown that purely radiolytic processes play a key role in the overall degradation scenario. These studies based on correlation curves showed that physico-chemical properties of the polymer, such as the evaluation by InfraRed of the amount of the oxidation products formed, gel fraction and Oxidation Induction Time measurements are relevant indicators of ageing. The evolution of these properties during ageing is even, in the case of the insulation, earlier than the loss of mechanical properties, which may allow to anticipate a sudden loss of mechanical properties and therefore of the functionality of the cable insulation. More generally, these studies points out the needs of using the lowest dose rates possible and room temperature, as done in this work
Мірчук, Ігор Анатолійович. "Підвищення експлуатаційних характеристик суднових кабелів за рахунок технологічних режимів охолодження та радіаційного опромінення електричної ізоляції". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/49276.
Повний текст джерелаPh.D. thesis undertaken in research specialization 141 "Electric Power Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electric Mechanics" (14 – Electrical Engineering). – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2020. The dissertation is devoted to increasing of the operational properties of shipboard cables due to the technological modes of cooling and electron beam irradiation of insulation and sheath based on modern flame retardant halogen-free polymeric compounds, which provide the necessary complex of electrical, physical and mechanical properties with appropriate control of technological processes. To achieve this, the following tasks were set: – to prove the expediency of gradual cooling of polyethylene insulation of high-voltage power cables to ensure both operational parameters and stability of properties during operation; – to substantiate the application of the method of electro-thermal analogy for the construction of a mathematical model of cooling of insulated conductor taking into account the temperature distribution over the thickness of insulation in a non-constant thermal mode; – to develop a method of calculating the technological parameters of the cooling mode of power cable, based on the calculation of a nonlinear thermal equivalent circuit of insulated conductor in a non-constant thermal mode, taking into account dependence the thermal resistance and heat capacity of the insulation from the temperature by methods of discrete resistive equivalent circuits; – to determine the influence of technological cooling modes on the temperature distribution in the thickness of extruded in sulation and to justify the duration of the transition process, which corresponds to achievement of the same temperature over the entire thickness of power cables insulation various design at different time points, depending on the cooling water temperature; – to verify experimentally the efficiency of detecting technological defects in the design of the power shipboard cable by partial discharges values; – to create a methodology for optimizing the power shipboard cable with coaxial construction to ensure maximum heat flow power dissipation into the environment, which causes an increase in current load, if insulation thermal resistance provided; – to prove the efficiency of the use a protective polymer sheath with high thermal conductive properties to increase the current load of power shipboard cables; – to determine the effect of accelerated electron beam energy on the mechanical and electrical properties of shipboard cables and determine the irradiation coefficient range for insulation which provides an increase of operational characteristics, on the basis of correlation between the electrical and mechanical properties of filled with flame retardants halogen-free compound based on ethylene-vinyl acetate modified by electron beam; – to verify the efficiency of absorbed dose distribution along the perimeter and length of shipboard cables after irradiation according to obtained results of mechanical and thermal tests of polymeric halogen-free flame retardant protective sheath of cable; – to determine the thermal stability of the halogen-free flame-retardant polymeric protective sheath modified by irradiating, on basis of accelerated thermal aging, to predict the service life of shipboard cables and to substantiate the possibility of operation in conditions with high humidity and high operating temperatures for unscreened cable with unscreened twisted pairs and thermoplastic insulation and protective sheath. Object of research – technological modes of cooling and irradiation of electrical insulation of shipboard cables, based on halogen-free filled with flame retardants polyolefin compound. Subject of research – electrical, mechanical and thermal operational properties of the shipboard cables polymer insulation and sheath based on filled with flame retardants halogen-free compounds. Research methods. Theoretical and experimental studies are based on the use of methods of numerical and physical modeling of technological modes of cooling and electron beam irradiation of polymeric electrical insulation and protective sheath of shipboard cables. Methods of theory of non-stationary thermal conductivity to calculation of cooling mode of polymeric cable insulation. Differential equations of thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. The method of electro-thermal analogies to determine the temperature distribution in the thickness of insulation at different time points, depending on the temperature of cooling water for shipboard power cable. Nonlinear thermal and electrical equivalent circuits of insulated conductor in transient thermal mode. Implicit Euler method and nodal potentials method for obtaining temperature distribution in thickness of cable insulation. A method of optimizing the design of the power cable provided cooling during operation to increase the current load. Thermal balance equation to determining the thermal resistance of insulation during operation. Irradiation crosslinking theory to determine the optimal irradiation dose of polymeric insulation. The theory of thermal aging of insulation to predict the service life of shipboard cables. Approximation of experimental electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of modified by irradiation insulation of shipboard cables. Correlation and regression analysis of electrical, mechanical and thermal properties after modification by irradiation of polymeric insulation and protective sheath of shipboard cables. Partial discharge detection technique in high voltage solid polymeric insulation for defect detection on technological stage of production power shipboard cable. The following scientific results are obtained in the work. The dissertation solves the scientific and practical problem of increasing the operational properties of shipboard cables due to the technological modes of cooling and irradiation of electrical insulation based on modern halogen-free flame retardant polymeric compounds. The mathematical model of technological process of cooling insulated conductor in unsteady thermal mode, by taking into account dependence of thermal and physical characteristics of polymeric insulation from the temperature, for determine the temperature distribution throughout the thickness of polyethylene insulation at different time points depending on water temperature under gradual cooling, has been improved. Mathematical model allows to determine the conditions for ensuring stable characteristics of the shipboard power cable during operation. The criterion for determination of technological parameters of the cooling mode of power shipboard cables, which is the time of the transitional process of cooling the insulated conductor to achieve an equal temperature throughout the thickness of the polymeric insulation, is proposed. The optimum thickness of the polymeric protective sheath on condition of long-term thermal stability of irradiated cross-linked based on polyolefin insulation has been established. It provides a 30 % increase current load of the coaxial design shipboard power cable. The range of irradiation coefficient for halogen free flame retardant insulation of shipboard cables when guarantees increasing electrical resistance of polymeric insulation modified by electron beam more than twice, the breakdown direct current voltage 1,3 times relative to the non-irradiated condition, is determined. The correlation between mechanical and electrical properties of halogen-free based on polyolefin insulation modified by electron beam, depending on the linear velocity of the cable under the electron beam and constant value of electron beam current. The distribution of the absorbed dose along the perimeter and length of the halogen-free flame retardant polymeric protective sheath depending on the technological parameters of the irradiation modes of shipboard cables, is established and allows to determine the irradiation dose for cables, when protective sheath provides increasing the resistance to aggressive chemicals while high physical and mechanical properties is still available. The stability of the cables structure to high temperature and humidity is experimentally proved on the basis of accelerated aging of unscreened cable with unscreened twisted pairs, with thermoplastic polyethylene insulation and protective polyvinylchloride sheath with adequate aging during operation. It allows predicting the service life of shipboard cables depending on the operating temperature. A technique for calculating the technological parameters of the power cable cooling mode by the methods of discrete resistive equivalent circuits has been developed. A technique based on the calculation of a nonlinear thermal scheme of substitution of conductor with polyethylene insulation in a non-constant thermal mode, taking into account the dependence of thermal resistance and heat capacity from the temperature. The proposed methodology and algorithms can be applied to determine the technological modes of cooling cable polymeric insulation without using expensive full-scale experiments, especially important for the new compounds development and cable constructions, as well as modernization available at cable factories equipment for cooling power cable, data cable with twisted pairs, radio frequency and optical cables. The efficiency of determining partial discharges in high-voltage solid insulation has been proved to detect defects at the technological stage of the producing of power shipboard cables, as well as to adjust the technological process of cooling. The methodology for heat transfer in a coaxial design single-core power cable based on criterial equations of natural convection has been developed to optimize the design of the power shipboard cable to ensure the maximum linear density of heat flow dissipated from the cable surface. The efficiency of application of polymeric materials based on micro- and nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity for sheath of high-voltage shipboard cables, providing a 30 % increase in thermal dissipating of power cable, is shown. It is established the energy of accelerated electrons 0.5 MeV provides a higher degree of crosslinking of polymeric halogen-free insulation based on filled with flame retardants compound compared to the energy of 0.4 MeV at the same irradiation coefficient, electron beam current and the number of wire passages under electron beam. It is established an increase of tensile strength, electrical insulation resistance and breakdown DC voltage of crosslinked polymeric halogen-free insulation with irradiation coefficient 5-7 m/(mА∙min) with constant value of elongation at break not less than 120 % which ensure a compromise between rigidity and flexibility of the shipboard cable. It is established an increase in 1,5–2 times the time of reaching the critical parameter – elongation at break of the modified by electron beam polymeric sheath based on a halogen-free compound compared to the same thermop lastic non-modifying sheath. It is an increase service life of the shipboard control cable at maximum operational temperatures in 1,5–2 times. The materials of the dissertation are used at the educational process Department of Electrical Insulating and Cable Technique of National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" at education bachelors and masters in disciplines of specialty "141 – Electric Power Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electric Mechanics" (specialization "141.04 Electrical Isolating, Cable and Fiber-Optic Technique"), at "Azov Cable Company" (Berdians'k) at development and determination of optimal technological parameters of production modes of halogen-free, flame retardant shipboard cables, Association "Ukrelectrocable", in PJSC "Yuzhkable Works". Dissertation work was performed at the PJSC "Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute of Cable Industry" (Berdians'k) and Department of Electrical Insulating and Cable Technique of National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (Kharkiv) according to research programs of PJSC "Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute of Cable Industry" (PM EIUV.505.564–2018 "The research of thermal stability of the sheath cable SPOVEng-FRHF 12x2,5 before and after exposure under electron beam", PM EIUV.505.584–2019 "Determination of the quantity and distribution of the absorbed dose after irradiation of the sheath of shipboard flame retardant cables") wherein the applicant was one of the program developers and executor of individual sections.
Karadjian, Marine. "Endurance et tenue diélectrique de l’isolation de câbles électriques pour l’aéronautique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC104/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn future "more electric" aircraft, the increase in on board electrical power will result in an increase in voltage. The voltages envisaged today are lower than 1000 V DC, but higher values can be considered in the medium to long term. It is therefore essential to study possible premature degradation of existing equipment induced by this rise in voltage. This thesis work, specifically on aeronautical cables, is a contribution to this goal. The examined cables, consisting of a multi-stranded core on which PTFE and PI layers are wound, have undergone various static and dynamic accelerated thermal aging, under humidity, without or with electrical stress. Aging has been carried out in some cases for more than 9000 hours. Partial discharges (DP) were studied on these cables in terms of the appearance voltage PDIV and RPDIV. These DPs can occur outside the cable but alsoinside (for higher voltages) in the air gaps between the insulation and the conductive strands. This location has been confirmed by an electrostatic model. The effect of aging was only found in the case of internal discharges, with in some cases a significant reduction in RPDIV values.Physicochemical analyses of the electrical insulation system were carried out as well as x-ray radiography. Chemical modifications of the interfaces of the insulation system occur during aging. For the most advanced aging (after 9000h under thermal stress at 240°C), these changes result in the formation of cavities where DP can then take place. Finally, electrostatic measurements of surface potential (decline and return after neutralization) have shown, well before the observation of cavities, an increase in conductivity of one of the layers of the insulation
Hu, Xiaolong. "Impact of climate change on power systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/impact-of-climate-change-on-power-systems(2132a62f-afa2-4d91-8381-5ec8643b97b4).html.
Повний текст джерелаRapp, Géraldine. "Analyse multi-échelle du vieillissement thermo-oxydant d’un mélange de polyéthylènes réticulés." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC039/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to the study of the representativeness of accelerated thermal ageing compared to ageing in use conditions of polyethylene blends used as insulant in the lastest-generation K1 qualified cables in nuclear power plants’ reactor buildings. The influence of the physical state of the components in the blends during ageing on the kinetics and ageing mechanisms is also studied. The material is a blend of two polyethylenes: a linear polyethylene (PE) and a branched polyethylene (PEcB) crosslinked with peroxides. An approach based on the multi-scale analysis (molecular, microstructural, macromolecular and macroscopic) was set up. Several ageing temperatures were chosen in order to vary the physical state of one or both polyethylenes in the blend during ageing. The results at molecular scale show the same oxidation products and kinetics for PE and PEcB. However, one can observe a faster degradation for the 5050 blend. The oxidation kinetics obey the Arrhenius law for thermal ageing between 80°C and 110°C, but extrapolation to the operating temperature (60°C) is not representative of the experimental data. The physical state (solid or molten) of the samples during thermal ageing does not explain the non-representativeness of accelerated ageing. The variations of mechanical properties can be linked to the evolution of the microstructure of each polymer and of their macromolecular architecture during thermo-oxidative ageing. Nevertheless, it is difficult to correlate the evolution of the chemical structure during ageing with the evolution of the mechanical properties. This study emphasizes the importance of the multi-scale analysis in order to have a comprehensive understanding of the ageing phenomena
Silva, Laís Vasconcelos da. "Efeito da degradação nas propriedades de hastes pultrudadas expostas a ambientes agressivos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165202.
Повний текст джерелаAmong products made with fiber-reinforced polymers, pultruded rods have been used in an increasing number of applications, due to such features as low weight, high strength, low maintenance costs, and high corrosion resistance, particularly when compared with rods manufactured with equivalent conventional materials. However, the ageing and degradation mechanisms of these polymer composite materials still need to be better understood, particularly the damage mechanisms under various service conditions, such as civil engineering or in deep water applications. This thesis presents an experimental study that evaluates the ageing of pultruded rods produced from reinforced carbon and glass fibers and epoxy and vinyl ester resin matrices when exposed to UV radiation, seawater and distilled water at 60 °C for 3000 hours. The degradation assessment in the different environments was made by analyzing and comparing the microstructural, physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical aspects and the lifespan of the pultruded composite rods before and after accelerated ageing. The carbon fiber rods presented a higher residual resistance considering all the aforementioned aspects when compared to the glass fibers rods, which lost more than 50% of their original resistance after short exposure (744 h) to weathering. When exposed to UV radiation, the carbon fiber rods showed higher residual resistance as compared with other types of degrading conditions. Distilled water was undoubtedly the most aggressive ageing factor in respect to all the evaluated properties and characteristics of the tested rods. The short-beam test results showed higher correlation with the degradation effects than the results of the tensile test. By means of microstructural analysis (SEM and OM), it was possible to identify some types of degradation mechanisms for each kind of applied accelerated ageing. After analyzing a combination of factors involved, it was possible to reach the conclusion that the epoxy resin incorporated with carbon fibers displayed the best overall performance among all possible resin/fiber couples
Hunold, Sven. "Algorithmische Bestimmung der Alterungscharakteristik von Mittelspannungskabelmuffen basierend auf diagnostischen Messwerten und Betriebsmitteldaten." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-216676.
Повний текст джерелаBy evaluating the status of cables, hidden errors can be detected or their aging condition can be determined. Not every diagnosed fault leads directly to failure. However, it accelerates aging, which ultimately leads to failure. The work deals with the identification of faults in medium-voltage cable joints in connection with aging in order to exploit the remaining life and to prevent the failure
Daniel, Priscillia. "Etude des propriétés électriques de câbles isolés au polyéthylène réticulé en présence de cavités gazeuses et vieillis sous tensions DC ou DC avec harmoniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT114.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to accommodate large scale renewable energy, electrical networks integrates more and more high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. Interface between AC and DC networks is ensured by power converters which also generate harmonics. It is known that during crosslinking process of polyethylene (XLPE), microcavities appear inside polymer matrix. This study aims to examine possible impact of these harmonics in presence of microcavities. Depending on their size and on the electrical field, partial discharges (PD) can occur in these microcavities. Two types of cables have been aged: a medium voltage AC (MVAC) cable with millimetric cavities induced artificially and a model cable with an HVDC XLPE grade. MVAC cable sections have been submitted to DC voltage under temperatures between 90 to 120°C. Model cables have been subjected to superimposed DC plus 1800 Hz AC voltages under temperatures from 70 to 90°C. Ageing have been characterized by PD, current and dielectric spectroscopy measurements. In presence of millimetric cavities, ageing have caused a decrease in PD inception voltage (PDIV) and an increase in PD magnitude. For model cable, PDIV values have been assigned, according to a proposed model, to cavities of about 10 µm in diameter. Conduction currents were increased and space charges threshold field decreased depending on ageing. Finally, dielectric spectroscopy characterisations have shown differences between thermal and electrothermal ageing. Electrical field enhancement factors under DC voltage have been estimated in various cavity geometries thanks to numerical simulations. These factors reveal to be higher than the ones used under AC voltage. Space charges involvement in PD phenomena inside cavities is discussed based on measurements and simulations
Back, Nina. "Optimering av underhållsstrategier i åldrande kärnkraftsanläggningar : En litteratur- och intervjustudie med kompletterade fallstudie kring kabel- och rörgenomföringar." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32696.
Повний текст джерелаThis report is based on a literature study and interviews regarding maintenance strategies and component replacements in nuclear power plants. Focuses of the study are on components which tend to more commonly be affected by degrading aging mechanisms. Exemplification is done with a complementary case study about cable- and pipe transits with packing pieces made of polymeric materials. A frequently used application for cable- and pipe transits in Swedish NPPs is manufactured by MCT Brattberg AB. Result obtained from interviews with relevant personnel’s and the literature study providing knowledge about prevailing safety regulations at Swedish nuclear facilities. Moreover, information is gained about how aging affects the features of materials over time and that it is the basis for determining the qualified lifetime of systems and components. Further on this could be of specific interest considering that the majority of the worlds NPPs are close to its intended lifetime and soon entering a phase of LTO. A proper aging management is an important factor when it comes to a safe and reliable operation of an NPP. The case study compares two different maintenance strategies which are supported by the obtained result from interviews and the literature study. Considering ecological and economic impacts of the strategies, the one with the greatest potential to reduce negative influences are exemplified. Chosen method included practical hardness measurement with a portable durometer at packing pieces for cable- and pipe transits. Measured hardness of the packing pieces indicates at what degree which they have been affected by degrading aging mechanisms given different circumstances. The obtained result from the two different parts of the report is corresponding to each other. Packing pieces consisting polymers hardens as they age. Elevated temperatures and higher dose rates accelerates the aging process. Represented method of the case study is practically viable at existing NPPs at Forsmark. Presented strategy should be able to assist with an ecological and economic optimization maintenance work for cable- and pipe transits.
Morette, Nathalie. "Mesure et analyse par apprentissage artificiel des décharges partielles sous haute tension continue pour la reconnaissance de l'état de dégradation des isolants électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS006.
Повний текст джерелаPartial discharges (PD) are one of the key drivers of degradation and ageing of insulating materials used in high-voltage switchgear. Consequently, partial discharges measurement has become an essential assessment tool for the monitoring of insulation systems. Given the continuing growth of renewable energy, the transport under direct current (DC) is economically advantageous. However, the relationship between partial discharges characteristics and the degradation of cables insulation under high voltage direct current (HVDC) remains unclear. In this work, a methodology is proposed for ageing state recognition of electrical insulation systems based on PD measurements under DC. For this purpose, original measuring devices have been developed and PD measurements were performed within different cable types under HVDC. In order to ensure a reliable monitoring and diagnosis of the insulation, noise signals must be eliminated. This thesis tackles the problem of the discrimination of partial discharge and noise signals acquired in different environments by applying machine learning methods. The techniques developed are a promising tool to improve the diagnosis of HV equipment under HVDC, where the need to discard automatically noise signals with high accuracy is of great importance. Once disturbances were eliminated from the databases, ageing state recognition was performed on different cable types. The feature extraction, ranking and selection methods, combined with classification techniques allowed to obtain recognition rates up to 100%
Briceno, Garcia Ruben Dario. "Crosslinking of ethylene copolymers from epoxy chemistry." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0037.
Повний текст джерелаMost of insulation layers of cables for medium voltage “MV” and high voltage “HV” applications are made of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) by peroxide technology. The impact of reaction by-products on properties and the consequential need of a degassing stage during the process are the main problems related to this technology. This study focuses on the development of an alternative crosslinking method without by-products issues. Epoxy-ethylene copolymers were thermally crosslinked by using an amino-acid agent to create covalent cross-links between epoxide functions. Influence of several parameters on kinetic reactions such as crosslinking temperature, amino acid/epoxy proportions, size particle of amino acid and epoxy content in copolymers were studied by characterization techniques such as: dynamic rheology, FTIR spectrometry, SEM microscopy and differential calorimetry. In addition, study of the network structure before and during a thermal aging was done on a pre-constrained and a non-constrained network by different techniques (swelling ratio measurement, FTIR spectroscopy, tensile properties and thermoporosimetry analysis). Finally, a characterization of electrical properties by dielectric spectroscopy and breakdown measurements was done. Results related to reaction kinetic, thermo-mechanical properties and electrical behavior have shown that the developed formulation can be used for cable application
Hunold, Sven. "Algorithmische Bestimmung der Alterungscharakteristik von Mittelspannungskabelmuffen basierend auf diagnostischen Messwerten und Betriebsmitteldaten." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2016. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20706.
Повний текст джерелаBy evaluating the status of cables, hidden errors can be detected or their aging condition can be determined. Not every diagnosed fault leads directly to failure. However, it accelerates aging, which ultimately leads to failure. The work deals with the identification of faults in medium-voltage cable joints in connection with aging in order to exploit the remaining life and to prevent the failure.
CHUNG, CHIANG-MAO, and 鍾慶茂. "A Study of Aging Problems in 161kV XLPE Underground Cables." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00602069768068535478.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
93
Due to the fast growth of domestic economy, the power demand has been continuously increasing, So that, the capacity of Taiwan Power Company (TPC) existing 69 kV power supply system has not be sufficient to meet current demand, TPC is forced to upgrade the distribution power system to the upper level of 161 kV system completely for higher capacity of feeder cable and higher quality of power supply. Besides, in pursuit of nice city outlook, good power quality and reliable power supply system, the implementation of underground cabling project to replace existed overhead transmission lines will be a bruning issue for TPC. Currently, the material to be used on 161 kV underground system is the cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). The material is inherent with good electric and mechanic performances, high flexibility, and anti-corrosions both on ozone and chemic, etc. It also has been verified as the best insulation material for 161 kV underground cable. Generally speaking, the lifetime of the underground cable can be used more than 30 years under the conditions of normal ambient temperature and electrical field., however, the lifetime can be reduced because of improper construction or aging problem is a critical matter needs to be solved as well. The thesis mainly focuses on the studies of the physical configuration and aging phenomena of 161 kV XLPE cable, through the various results of long term cycled aging test, it makes possible to analyze the root causes systematically and evolutionary changes and finally identifies all different types of aging phenomena and diagnosis techniques for further research of on-line detection.