Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Agile Concurrent Engineering"

Virtual enterprise and concurrent engineering are two of the most promising business strategies to address global competition. By unifying the concepts of virtual enterprise and concurrent engineering, allied concurrent engineering aims to integrate the engineering activities and resources from different enterprises through enterprise alliances to quickly respond to customer expectations. This paper presents a holonic system framework for engineering data management to support allied concurrent engineering. The framework is designed based on the concepts of holonic systems to reflect the distributed, collaborative, agile, dispersed and heterogeneous natures of allied concurrent engineering processes. In the proposed framework, key elements such as information items, libraries, and information management units etc. are defined as “holons” which have autonomous, cooperative and configurable properties.

Agile development became very popular at the beginning of the 21st century when the Manifesto for Agile Software Development was released. Since then, it has been predominant in the software industry and has been increasingly transferred to the development of physical products due to its great success. There are many studies on Agile-Stage-Gate hybrids that combine agile Scrum and the traditional Stage-Gate model, however no research has been found that addresses a direct integration of Scrum into a concurrent product development model in a similar way. In this paper, we therefore examine the possibility of introducing Scrum into the concurrent product development and propose a Scrum framework for an Agile-Concurrent hybrid. We propose that the framework for concurrent development remains unchanged: the stages overlap and the track-and-loop approach is preserved, while Scrum is proposed for the execution of day-to-day work. The main advantage of the proposed hybrid is that after each iteration the customer reviews the results of an entire loop, not just of one stage, which enables a broader understanding of the progress and facilitates a more extensive feedback. A quicker resolution of discrepancies, and a faster and more effective response to change is thus ensured. In the paper, the needed organizational changes and potential implementation issues are also discussed.

AbstractIn recent years, space projects have evolved to faster and more variable projects. To adjust the design processes in accordance, new work methodologies arise, as the Concurrent Engineering (CE). This working discipline is characterized by collaborative design and the flux of information being improved by working in a dedicated environment. CE has been recently adopted by space industry for the preliminary design phase of spacecrafts and other space systems. However, this methodology does not envisage tasks prioritization, which is a fundamental aspect to achieve an optimal design solution with an efficient allocation of resources. In this work a variation of CE discipline by applying Agile methodologies (in which the aspect of task prioritization is essential), is proposed. Agile methodologies allow the proper distribution of the design effort depending on the project priorities, the state of the design and the requirements, in a continuous process to improve the design solution. The general aspects of the proposed method are presented and applied to the design of a space mission, the results being analysed and compared with to the classical CE process in order to outline its differences and similarities with CE and Agile methodologies and show its potential for a new environment for space project design.

In the light of project management, concurrent engineering and agile manufacturing, in relation to the characteristics of the concurrence of developing and batch manufacturing, this text studies the hierarchical information technology of the production management system based on project driving. The operation flow of project-driven hierarchical information system of production management has been designed and implemented. The soft architecture and operating model have been proposed. The coordinating and controlling model based on workflow, queuing theory, and the capability balancing method are established.

Research in the late 80´s on technological companies that develop products of high value innovation, with sufficient speed and flexibility to adapt quickly to changing market conditions, gave rise to the new set of methodologies known as Agile Management Approach. In the current changing economic scenario, we considered very interesting to study the similarities of these Agile Methodologies with other practices whose effectiveness has been amply demonstrated in both the West and Japan. Strategies such as kaizen, Lean, World Class Manufacturing, Concurrent Engineering, etc, would be analyzed to check the values they have in common with the Agile Approach.

Purpose In the past, the insufficiency of the traditional business practices to meet vibrant customer demands in continuously changing business environment has severely affected organizational competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to develop and propose a new framework for smoother and effective implementation of agile manufacturing by identifying and integrating a set of significant agility principles and techniques. Design/methodology/approach The present work proposed a framework for agile manufacturing by deploying the comparative analysis of 17 frameworks published in peer-reviewed journals. Findings The proposed conceptual framework constitutes of eight pillars for agile manufacturing implementation. The proposed framework relies on a strong foundation of leadership support. The roof of the proposed framework of agile manufacturing is supported by the pillars constituted of seven elements, an industry must deploy for successfully implementing agile manufacturing, namely, human resource-related issues, organizational culture-related issues, supplier-related issues, customer-related issues, innovation, concurrent engineering and information technology. Originality/value This work is the first attempt, in the best knowledge of the authors, to employ comparative analysis for critically analyzing a wide range of agile manufacturing frameworks. The findings of this study will assist researchers and managers in agile manufacturing implementation in more a smoother and effective way in manufacturing industries.

AbstractA case study during pandemic revealed the major drawbacks of the traditional product development process for MedTech industry. Disruption of conventional manufacturing, urgent need for accelerated design and production, faster regulatory approval have challenged the industry. In this paper the conventional medical product development process is explored based on the intramuscular injector case study. The study revealed core areas for improvement of the medical devices development process. The paper proposes the Lean-Agile methodology with the incorporated elements of Concurrent Engineering.

The Internet of Things (IoT) systems are inherently distributed with many concurrent behaviors. In order to apply behavior-driven development (BDD), a proven agile practice of software development that brings many benefits, we must ensure that the specification of sequential and concurrent behaviors is supported at the specification level and that tool support is in place to execute the specification. This study proposes a minimal semantic enhancement to the Gherkin language, the most popular specification language in BDD, to distinguish sequential and concurrent behaviors. At the same time, a tool called concurrentSpec is developed to support the correct execution of specifications written in the enhanced Gherkin language. With two IoT examples involving both sequential and concurrent behaviors, it is shown that the enhanced Gherkin with concurrentSpec can correctly specify and execute the specifications, while the original Gherkin with existing tools is unable to do so. Hence, the contribution of this study is to eliminate a technical impediment for the IoT development community to adopt BDD and receive its benefits.

Ces travaux portent sur la conception multidisciplinaire de systèmes intégrés. Ces systèmes sont soumis à un nombre d’exigences toujours croissant, entraînant des besoins en termes d’intégration fonctionnelle et spatiale. Ces différents types d’intégration relative au produit sont également la source d’une complexité organisationnelle, provenant à la fois de la multitude d’acteurs réalisant différentes activités d’ingénierie, mais également de la diversité des domaines impliqués, désignée dans ce manuscrit par « intégration multidisciplinaire ». Pour favoriser cette intégration multidisciplinaire, les phases de « conception préliminaire » et de « conception détaillée » ont été identifiées comme déterminantes, notamment car elles se caractérisent par la collaboration de nombreux experts, manipulant un grand nombre de données techniques de définition. Les systèmes conçus lors de conceptions multidisciplinaires restent faiblement intégrés. Cela est en partie dû au cloisonnement entre les disciplines et à un mode d’organisation projet basé sur une planification prédominante, caractérisé notamment par une diffusion de l’information principalement descendante (top-down). Afin d’assurer une meilleure collaboration entre ces différentes disciplines, de permettre des prises de décision éclairées par des indicateurs opérationnels et de pouvoir analyser et mieux comprendre les phénomènes d’intégration des expertises, l’introduction d’une méthode inspirée des principes fondateurs des méthodes agiles est proposée pour la conception collaborative de systèmes intégrés.La contribution de ces travaux s’appuie sur trois concepts complémentaires. Le premier, intitulé Collaborative Actions Framework correspond à un cadre de collaboration opérationnelle autour d’actions. Un des objectifs de ce framework est de faciliter la collaboration des acteurs des projets de conception, quelle que soit leur origine disciplinaire, mais également d’assurer une traçabilité entre les prises de décision et les corrections/modifications apportées sur les données techniques. Cette traçabilité est rendue possible grâce aux liens existants avec le second concept intitulé Workspace. Apportant un nouvel éclairage sur les possibilités offertes par la collaboration autour de ces espaces de collaboration, ce concept offre un certain nombre de possibilités,notamment la mise en commun continue des travaux, l’intégration multidisciplinaire et la validation des modifications. Les échanges de données techniques entre les workspaces, ou le travail simultané sur les mêmes données techniques, s’appuient quant à eux sur la possibilité de pouvoir gérer de façon parallèle différentes versions d’une même donnée technique. Ces possibilités sont proposées par le troisième concept, intitulé branch & merge, qui permet également à différents acteurs de travailler simultanément sur les mêmes données. Enfin, ces trois concepts sont ensuite illustrés par l’intermédiaire d’un démonstrateur composé d’un scénario et d’un prototype informatique. Un produit mécatronique, combinaison synergique et systémique de la mécanique, de l'électronique et de l'informatique temps réel, est utilisé afin d’illustrer les possibilités offertes par nos travaux en termes d'intégration multidisciplinaire lors de la conception collaborative
This work focuses on the multidisciplinary and collaborative design of integrated systems. These systems are subject to an ever increasing number of requirements, leading to the need for more comprehensive functional and spatial integration. These different types of product integration are also at the origin of organizational complexity. This complexity arises not only from the great number of actors performing various engineering activities but also from the diversity of disciplines involved (designated in this manuscript as “multidisciplinary integration”). To encourage this multidisciplinary integration, “preliminary design” and “detailed design” have been identified as the most significant steps, especially since they are characterized by the collaboration of multiple experts handling a large number of product definition’ technical data. Systems that have been designed thanks to multidisciplinary approaches are generally poorly integrated. This is partially due to the compartmentalization of disciplines, as well as to the “project-planned” method, where project planning is predominant and information is mainly spread out “top-down”. To ensure better cooperation between the various disciplines, to enable decision making based on operational indicators and to analyze and understand the multidisciplinary integration processes, a method inspired by the founding principles of agile methods (the agile manifesto) is proposed for the collaborative design of integrated systems. This work is based on three complementary concepts. The first is, the Collaborative Actions Framework, an operational framework for collaboration around actions. One objective of this framework is to improve the collaboration among designers, whatever their disciplinary origin. It also ensures traceability between decision making and corrections/changes made to technical data. This traceability is made possible by the useof the second concept, called Workspace. Even if this term is already well known, we propose a new definition/usage to transform it into collaboration spaces. This concept offers great possibilities, including the continuous delivering/sharing of experts’ contributions, multidisciplinary integration and change validation. The exchange of technical data between workspaces, or simultaneous work on the same data, relies on the ability to manage several parallel versions of the same item into a single datamanagement system. These opportunities are offered by the third concept, called Branch & Merge. Finally, these three concepts are illustrated through a scenario and a computer prototype. A mechatronic product, “the synergistic combination of mechanical and electrical engineering, computer science, and information technology” (Harashima et al., 1996), is used to illustrate the opportunities offered by our work in terms of multidisciplinary integration during collaborative design

The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to examine risks in Saab Training & Simulations project model and the way they execute projects to present an improvement proposal. The study was executed through quantitative and qualitative data gathering in form of interviews and collecting of project reports. The result showed differences between the project model and the execution. The risks were mainly connected to the execution and could be summarized in to three problem areas, manager dependent project management that creates confusion and uncertainty in the line organization and project groups, communication faults during the execution resulting in unnecessary purchases and that the projects show a tendency of needing more resources at the end of the project due to postponed milestones. Based on the findings an extensive literature review treating general project management, project model and methods as concurrent engineering and agile methods were made. After further analysis, an improvement proposal could be formed, however since Saabs project model were found adequate with several parallel and time effective element the improvements are focused towards the way of working in four hands-on suggestions. • Clear assignation of responsibility - A clearer assignation of responsibility reduces the risks associated with ambiguity and misunderstandings, as a result of person dependent project management.  • Project pulse - Adoption of pulse meetings in the project groups. • Increase customer contact - By increasing the contact and integration with the customer could it be assured that their demands are meet even though it is not known during the sale. • Design for manufacturing and assembly - Clearer guidelines and a way of working and cooperating internally during the product realization could decrease the risk of unnecessary purchases.
Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka Saab Training and Simulations projektmodell och arbetssätt för att sedan formulera ett förbättringsförslag. Studien genomfördes genom en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ datainsamling i form av intervjuer och insamling av projektrapporter. Resultatet av datainsamlingen visade att det fanns skillnader mellan den projektmodellen och det arbetssättet som tillämpades på företaget. Riskerna som fanns i utförandet var relaterade främst till arbetssättet och inte projektmodellen. Riskerna kan sammanfattas i tre problemområden. De problemområdena är individberoende projektledning som orsakar missförstånd och osäkerhet i linjeorganisationen och projektgrupperna, kommunikationsbrister under projektgenomförandet som kan resultera i onödiga inköp samt att projekten tenderar att behöva sätta in extra resurser i slutet av projekten som en följd av uppskjutning av milstenar. Vidare genomfördes en litteratursökning som behandlade generell projektledning och olika relevanta projektledningsmodeller eller metoder såsom agila metoder och concurrent engineering, baserat på de risker som upptäcktes under datainsamlingen. Utifrån detta formulerades ett förbättringsförslag. Eftersom projektmodellen innefattar flera parallella inslag anses den vara duglig och det kommer därför inte att presenteras ett förbättringsförslag för modellen. Däremot presenteras ett förbättringsförslag som berör arbetssättet som består av fyra åtgärder.  • Tydligare fördelning av ansvar i projekten  - En tydligare ansvarsfördelning i projekten minskar riskerna för otydligheter och missförstånd vid individberoende projektledning. • Projektpuls  - Projektpuls är ett tillvägagångssätt att öka kommunikationen i projektgruppen under projektgenomförandet  • Ökad kundkontakt - Genom en ökad kundkontakt under projektgenomförandet kan kundens önskningar tillgodoses lättare även i de fall där försäljningsunderlaget från marknad är bristfälligt. • Design for manufacturing and assembly  - Tydligare riktlinjer och ett arbetssätt för det interna samarbetet under produktframtagningen minskar riskerna för exempelvis onödigt inköp.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士班
103
Global competition results to changing of market trends. Continuous product innovation is the only way to survive for enterprises. New product development is an important indicator of the competitiveness for enterprises. And it is also a key affecting the survival and development. Therefore, companies will inevitably require an effective and systematic approach to develop new products to accelerate product development. In this study, a method of agile project is proposed as the axis of the new product development process, which implant into the concept of simultaneous engineering APQP. This method is used in case the company's new product development and manufacturing projects including APQP staged event planning and execution. This method can propose effective solutions in the shortest possible time, and rapid development and manufacturing of new products. The method can quickly change in response to customer’s demand, successfully undertake the production capacity expansion, and reduce uncertainty verify job.

Abstract With recent advancements in computer-aided technologies, integrated CAD/CAE/CAM, rapid prototyping and manufacturing, the paradigm of concurrent engineering has been proven as an effective approach for new product development. This approach can reduce product developing time and cost, improve product quality and enhance product competitiveness. This presentation uses an actual rapid product realization case study to highlight how design for manufacturability and concurrent engineering were implemented into an agile product development process by using an integrated design, analysis, and manufacturing approach and applying design for manufacturability for cost and manufacturing processing analyses. The case study shows how modern design and manufacturing technologies realize the dream of an inventor to rapidly develop a product with potential market success.

Abstract Many manufacturing companies have been striving to reduce setup times in order to produce smaller lot sizes and to obtain quicker responses to frequently changing market demands. This paper focuses on the reduction of setup time by design improvements of products. Based on the basic principles of setups and concepts from concurrent engineering, rules for design of products at the feature level are presented. Examples and computational results illustrate that the inter-lot setups and in-lot setups can be reduced by the feature-based design rules. The proposed approach for setup reduction appears to be more cost effective than optimizing the processes and operations where the product designs have been fixed. This research intends to bridge the gap between engineering design and manufacturing.

Abstract The Agile Wrist, a spherical wrist with a parallel, isotropic architecture for highest orientational accuracy, is being designed as a module of an 11-degree-of-freedom (dof) robot. The wrist consists of two main elements, the base and the moving plates. The two plates are coupled by means of three identical legs, each of these composed of two links, proximal and distal, coupled to each other by a revolute joint. Each leg, in turn, is coupled to its proximal plate via revolute joints. Moreover, the three axes of the leg-revolute joints are concurrent at the center of the wrist, each axis making an angle of 90° with its neighbor. Direct-drive DC motors are used to rotate the wrist proximal links and electrical brakes and optical encoders are located on each of the motor shafts for control purposes. In this paper we introduce a two-level approach to the optimum design of the proximal link of the Agile Wrist. First, the shape of the midcurve producing minimum stress concentrations is obtained by means of the concept of curve synthesis using cubic splines. At the second level, the optimum cross-section along the midcurve producing a link of minimum weight is determined.

Abstract As companies increasingly customize their products, move towards smaller lot production and experiment with more flexible customer/supplier arrangements, such as those made possible by Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), they increasingly require the ability to (1) respond quickly, accurately and competitively to customer requests for bids on new products and (2) efficiently work out supplier/subcontractor arrangements for these new products. This in turn requires the ability to (1) rapidly convert standard-based product specifications into process plans and (2) quickly integrate process plans for new orders into the existing production schedule to best accommodate the current state of the manufacturing enterprise. This paper describes IP3S, an Integrated Process Planning/Production Scheduling shell for agile manufacturing. IP3S utilizes a blackboard architecture that supports (1) concurrent development and dynamic revision of integrated process planning/production scheduling solutions, (2) maintenance of multiple problem instances and solutions, (3) flexible user-oriented decision making, (4) declarative representation of control information, (5) the use of a common representation for exchanging information, (6) coordination with outside information sources and (7) portability and ease of integration with legacy systems. IP3S has been validated in the context of a large and highly dynamic machine shop at Raytheon’s Andover manufacturing facility. Empirical results show an average performance improvement of 23% in solution quality over a decoupled approach to building process planning/production scheduling solutions.

Abstract As companies increase the level of customization in their products, move towards smaller lot production and experiment with more flexible customer/supplier arrangements such as those made possible by Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), they increasingly require the ability to quickly, accurately and competitively respond to customer requests for bids on new products and efficiently work out supplier/subcontractor arrangements for these new products. This in turn requires the ability to rapidly convert standard-based product specifications into process plans and quickly integrate process plans for new orders into the existing production schedule to best accommodate the current state of the manufacturing enterprise. This paper describes IP3S, an Integrated Process Planning/Production Scheduling (IP3S) Shell for Agile Manufacturing. The IP3S Shell is designed around a blackboard architecture that emphasizes (1) concurrent development and dynamic revision of integrated process planning/production scheduling solutions, (2) the use of a common representation for exchanging process planning and production scheduling information, (3) coordination with outside information sources such as customer and supplier sites, (4) mixed initiative decision support, enabling the user to interactively explore a number of tradeoffs, and (5) portability and ease of integration with legacy systems. The system is scheduled for initial evaluation in a large and highly dynamic machine shop at Raytheon’s Andover manufacturing facility.