Дисертації з теми "Agenzie europee"
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Liberati, Matteo. "La tutela giurisdizionale degli individui nell'azione delle agenzie europee di regolazione." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/7731.
Повний текст джерелаLa tesi di dottorato affronta il problema del tutela giurisdizionale e procedimentale degli individui interessati dall'azione delle agenzie europee di regolazione. Essa si sviluppa su tre capitoli. Il primo, di carattere introduttivo, è dedicato alla descrizione dei tratti principali del fenomeno di agentificazione. La nascita e l'ulteriore sviluppo di questi uffici decentralizzati sono esaminati nel più ampio contesto dell'evoluzione dei modelli dell'azione regolatoria e amministrativa europea. Le agenzie comunitarie di regolazione, in particolare, sembrano potersi ricondurre al modello della c.d. integrazione decentrata. L'inquadramento del fenomeno di “agentification” nell'alveo dei sistemi regolatori europei viene a costituire la base concettuale per la delimitazione dell'ambito soggettivo dell'indagine, dedicata alle agenzie che operano nelle materie e/o settori di intervento prima ricadenti nel c.d. pilastro comunitario e che presentano caratteri di fondo omogenei. Vengono, inoltre, esaminati il problema dell'individuazione della base giuridica corretta per la creazione di questi nuovi organismi e quello parallelo dei limiti della delegazione di poteri dalla Commissione alle agenzie (nel tentativo di verificare l'attualità della giurisprudenza Meroni e la validità della c.d. transmission belt theory). È, poi, affrontato il punctum pruriens dei meccanismi di vigilanza e controllo politico, finanziario e giurisdizionale predisposti dal diritto originario e derivato nei confronti delle agenzie di regolazione. Sulla scorta della pregressa sistemazione dogmatica si procede alla rassegna dei modelli di classificazione proposti dalla dottrina e dalle stesse istituzioni europee: si distinguono, quindi, le agenzie dotate del potere di adottare atti giuridicamente vincolanti nei confronti dei terzi (o, più latamente, di poteri di amministrazione attiva) e agenzie che tale prerogativa non hanno e che svolgono principalmente funzioni di raccolta e analisi dati e/o consultivi. Il problema della tutela giurisdizionale si pone con maggiore immediatezza e spessore per le agenzie dotate di poteri di accertamento costitutivo in grado di incidere direttamente sulla sfera giuridica soggettiva dei singoli, e su queste si concentra la tesi dottorale. Il secondo capitolo affronta il tema della tutela dei consociati nei procedimenti amministrativi che si svolgono di fronte alle agenzie di regolazione dotate di compiti di amministrazione attiva, allo scopo di comprendere se e in che modo, ai soggetti che sono interessati da quei procedimenti amministrativi che fanno capo alle agenzie europee (ad es. il procedimento di registrazione di un marchio comunitario), sono attribuiti diritti di difesa e strumenti di tutela endoprocedimentale. A questo fine, in via preliminare, si procede alla ricognizione delle regole e dei principi (consacrati per tabulas o elaborati dalla giurisprudenza europea) che informano la procedura amministrativa europea al rispetto delle posizioni soggettive, soffermandosi in particolare sul ruolo della Corte di giustizia nell'elaborazione e sintesi dei principi generali del procedimento amministrativo europeo e dei diritti di difesa spettanti agli interessati. Di seguito si verifica in quali termini e in quale misura questi principi e questi diritti sono riconosciuti e applicati nei procedimenti che si svolgono di fronte alle agenzie di regolazione. Ciò anzitutto per le agenzie che eseguono compiti di raccolta, analisi e diffusione dati e consultivi: per questo tipo di agenzie, caratterizzato da una scarsa procedimentalizzazione, il problema della tutela dei consociati nel procedimento insiste più che altro sull'estensione dei diritti di partecipazione alla formazione, analisi e diffusione delle informazioni, e non sui diritti procedimentali in senso stretto come quello di difesa o al contraddittorio. Vengono, quindi, esaminati singolarmente i procedimenti che si svolgono di fronte alle agenzie dotate di compiti di amministrazioni attiva. Per ogni agenzia l'analisi condotta evidenzia i diritti procedimentali degli interessati e i meccanismi di ricorso gerarchico e paragiurisdizionale predisposti dagli atti istitutivi, con particolare attenzione all'Agenzia per l'armonizzazione del mercato interno e all'Agenzia europea per le varietà vegetali. Tutte le agenzie dotate del potere di emanare atti giuridicamente vincolanti nei confronti dei consociati sono soggette a un sistema di ricorso interno al quale è dedicata la parte conclusiva del secondo capitolo al fine determinarne la natura amministrativa o giurisdizionale. Il terzo e ultimo capitolo affronta il profilo della tutela giurisdizionale degli individui nei confronti degli atti amministrativi delle agenzie produttivi di effetti giuridici vincolanti nei confronti dei terzi. Dopo una ricognizione preliminare delle diverse scelte prescrittive adottate in materia dai regolamenti istitutivi delle agenzie di regolazione con o senza compiti di amministrazione attiva (i.e. nessuna previsione, “rinvio formale” alle previsioni contenute nel TCE, “rinvio materiale” alle previsioni contenute nel TCE), si procede all'analisi del problema dell'impugnabilità degli atti endoprocedimentali, facendo specifico riferimento al caso esemplare dei pareri resi dall'Agenzia europea per i medicinali. Viene quindi considerata la questione concernente il valore dichiarativo o costitutivo delle norme sulla competenza giurisdizionale contenute nei regolamenti di base dell'Ufficio comunitario per le varietà vegetali e dell'Ufficio di armonizzazione al livello del mercato interno. Sempre prendendo le mosse da queste due ultime fattispecie si esaminano i procedimenti che si svolgono di fronte alle giurisdizioni nazionali in virtù della separazione del contenzioso sulla validità dei titoli da quello sulla contraffazione, soffermandosi sulle conseguenze che la concorrenza tra le autorità nazionali dei vari Stati membri e gli organi amministrativi e giurisdizionali europei determina per l'efficacia della protezione offerta agli utenti dei regimi europei della privativa vegetale e del marchio. Infine si affronta il problema immediatamente conseguente della competenza dei tribunali nazionali a giudicare della decadenza e della nullità di un atto comunitario (i.e. i titoli sovranazionali) . La seconda parte del terzo capitolo è dedicata all'analisi di alcune difficoltà processuali intrinseche dei meccanismi di ricorso giurisdizionale in materia di proprietà intellettuale. In particolare sono oggetto di critica la disciplina relativa all'intervento di terzi interessati e il regime linguistico dei ricorsi. Seguendo lo stesso approccio si procede all'esame di quelle difficoltà processuali che dipendono da caratteristiche strutturali dei meccanismi di ricorso, prospettando nel contempo delle ipotesi di soluzione. Segnatamente, si prende in considerazione l'eccessiva ipertrofia del sistema di tutela, articolato su troppo istanze. Sulla scorta della pregressa disamina, si verifica se le scelte operate dal legislatore dell'Unione europea rispondono all’esigenza di buon funzionamento della giustizia. Si preconizza, infine, l'eliminazione delle commissioni di ricorso interne e l'istituzione di nuove camere giurisdizionali con specifica competenza oppure di riti speciali.
XXIV Ciclo
1979
Pacetti, Valentina. "Il fascino dei territori : beni collettivi e agenzie per lo sviluppo locale nella competizione tra regioni europee." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0009.
Повний текст джерелаAlberti, J. F. "LE AGENZIE DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/232410.
Повний текст джерелаEkelund, Helena. "The agencification of Europe : explaining the establishment of European Community agencies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11269/.
Повний текст джерелаDEPETRIS, ELENA. "La responsabilità delle agenzie di rating tra diritto europeo e soluzioni di diritto interno." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/50987.
Повний текст джерелаPereira, Demetrius Cesario. "União Europeia : a politica externa e de segurança comum em um mundo unipolar." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281929.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T06:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_DemetriusCesario_M.pdf: 764027 bytes, checksum: b9a8c5e7343e7ce9113c81502fe47e94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Esta dissertação pretende analisar a influência do sistema internacional após a Guerra Fria no regionalismo europeu por meio do estudo da Política Externa e de Segurança Comum (PESC) da União Européia (UE). No trabalho, procurou-se apresentar as teorias sistêmicas de integração regional, concentrando-se na perspectiva neo-realista para a análise da PESC. A partir daí, contextualiza-se o cenário mundial e regional, para então inserir o estudo da PESC na análise. Estudou-se também as discussões que levaram à criação da PESC pelo Tratado de Maastricht, com a análise das posições dos três principais países envolvidos na negociação, Alemanha, França e Reino Unido, para depois examinar suas características e evoluções. Assim, o trabalho relaciona os avanços e retrocessos da PESC com as previsões feitas pelos teóricos realistas, avaliando a validade de seus argumentos e tecendo cenários futuros com o auxílio da teoria, especialmente em relação à independência de uma política externa européia em relação aos EUA e à OTAN
Abstract: This paper is an analysis of the post-Cold War international system in the European regionalism through the study of the Common Foreign and Security Polity (CFSP) of the European Union (UE). The regional integration systemic theories are presented, concentrating in the neorealist perspective to the analysis of CFSP. From this starting point, the global and regional scenarios are contextualized, and then the study of the CFSP is inserted. It was also studied the discussions that led to the creation of CFSP by the Maastricht Treaty, along with the analysis of the positions of the three main countries involved in the negotiation, Germany, France and United Kingdom, to then examine its characteristics and evolutions. The paper correlates advances and backlashes of the CFSP with the previsions made by the realist scholars, evaluating the validity of their arguments and building future scenarios with the aid of theory, especially in relation to the independence of a European foreign policy in relation to the US and NATO
Mestrado
Mestre em Relações Internacionais
Piquet, Agathe. "Europol, une police européenne ? Création et autonomisation d’une agence." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020033.
Повний текст джерелаFacing the current salience of internal security issues and criticism regarding the European construction, this dissertation focuses on Europol’s institutional trajectory from the 1990s to 2018. It analyses how it has evolved from an intergovernmental organisation, officially starting its activities in 1999, to an EU agency benefiting from growing resources and prerogatives. Therefore, this research offers an analytical altenative to the dominant principal-agent model in the field of agencies, by exploring the academic works on autonomy, renewed by a cognitive and sociological approach. Using a qualitative methodology, this thesis highlights the diversity of internal and external actors and dynamics contributing to Europol’s creation and autonomisation processes. It reveals the promises offered by the multi-faceted concept of autonomy, used to Europol, inserted in a complex and multi-level environement due to its national and European, technical, bureaucratic and political stakeholders. Such perspective aims thereby to understand not only the degree of Europol’s autonomy, but intends also to identify from whom this autonomy must be considered. Thus, this dissertation tends more broadly to develop new research perspectives on EU agencies operating in a core-state power
Elston, Thomas. "Reinterpreting agencies in UK central government : on meaning, motive and policymaking." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14045/.
Повний текст джерелаSAPONARO, MICHELE. "LA RESPONSABILITA' DELLE AGENZIE DI RATING NEI CONFRONTI DEITERZI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1550.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work is focused on the examination of the relationship between the current regulation of credit rating agencies and the rules of civil liability to which agencies may be subject to, in light of the regulatory treatment of the U.S. credit rating agencies, both according legislation and case law, and the legal theories developed on the case of liability for incorrect information to the market. The regulation introduced by the European Union plays a major role to find out the basis of liability, the duties of diligence and the legal and material causality nexus. EU regulation, in light of U.S. case law, can envisage a scenario in which the raters are subject to different rules of liability on the basis of the different status recognized by the relevant legislation. The new EU regulation is called to play a dual role: to establish, although not explicitly, a sort of private action for negligence on the part of investors against a registered agency, and to help in defining the scope of the obligations of the credit rating agency, strengthening the position of the third investor damaged by inaccurate ratings and providing an useful support to the public enforcement remedies.
SAPONARO, MICHELE. "LA RESPONSABILITA' DELLE AGENZIE DI RATING NEI CONFRONTI DEITERZI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1550.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work is focused on the examination of the relationship between the current regulation of credit rating agencies and the rules of civil liability to which agencies may be subject to, in light of the regulatory treatment of the U.S. credit rating agencies, both according legislation and case law, and the legal theories developed on the case of liability for incorrect information to the market. The regulation introduced by the European Union plays a major role to find out the basis of liability, the duties of diligence and the legal and material causality nexus. EU regulation, in light of U.S. case law, can envisage a scenario in which the raters are subject to different rules of liability on the basis of the different status recognized by the relevant legislation. The new EU regulation is called to play a dual role: to establish, although not explicitly, a sort of private action for negligence on the part of investors against a registered agency, and to help in defining the scope of the obligations of the credit rating agency, strengthening the position of the third investor damaged by inaccurate ratings and providing an useful support to the public enforcement remedies.
ALBUQUERQUE, Rodrigo Barros de. "EM BUSCA DA AUTONOMIA: A União Europeia enquanto agente securitário internacional." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12386.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T13:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Rodrigo Albuquerque ciência política.pdf: 1624559 bytes, checksum: 1be7b7839896a63f705d962cf75137fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
CAPES
A Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa (PCSD), instituída pelo Tratado de Lisboa em 2007, consolida a posição da União Europeia enquanto agente securitário nas relações internacionais do século XXI. Esta tese buscou confirmar esta hipótese através de robusto arcabouço teórico, fragmentado em três partes: a) uma extensa revisão da literatura sobre a integração europeia atrelada à narrativa do processo histórico da integração no continente europeu, expondo o caminho que levou à construção de uma política comum de segurança e defesa na UE; b) o exame do delineamento legalinstitucional da PCSD, iniciado com o estabelecimento da Política Externa e de Segurança Comum (PESC) pelo Tratado de Maastricht em 1992, até o desenvolvimento de um novo paradigma intervencionista; c) e, finalmente, o debate sobre identidade na UE e a construção de uma identidade própria à organização, em paralelo aos nacionalismos dos seus Estados-membros. A análise desenvolvida a partir de abordagens construtivistas de regimes internacionais e complexos regionais de segurança demonstra que a PCSD delimita a identidade europeia enquanto agente de segurança internacional ao estabelecer um novo paradigma intervencionista nas relações internacionais, calcado em uma combinação de instrumentos civis e militares baseados em uma reduzida quantidade de recursos cirurgicamente aplicados a objetivos estritamente delimitados, com vistas a garantir a eficácia e aumentar a eficiência das suas operações. Estes dois elementos – a identidade europeia e o novo paradigma intervencionista – confirmam que a União Europeia qualifica-se como um agente securitário internacional.
Carrasco, Martínez José Manuel. "Diseño y caracterización del sistema fotométrico de la misión GAIA de la Agencia Espacial Europea." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/752.
Повний текст джерелаPALABRAS CLAVE: Gaia, Fotometría, Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA), Sistema fotométrico, C1M, C1B.
El propòsit d'aquest tesi és el disseny del sistema fotomètric de la missió espacial Gaia (ESA), que s'ha de enlairar l'any 2012. Aquest conjunt de filtres ha de permetre classificar les observacions de Gaia, parametrizant-les d'acord amb les seves propietats físiques i permetre avaluar els efectes cromàtics de les mesures astrométriques. Els filtres de banda intermitja són més adients per a mesurar línies espectrals individuals. Per a les fonts més febles, on els filtres de banda intermitja no proporcionen prou senyal, s'han d'utilitzar filtres de banda ampla. Existeixen molts sistemes fotomètrics, però cap d'ells és òptim per a Gaia, degut a la gran varietat i quantitat d'estrelles que observarà Gaia (1000 milions) i degut a la gran varietat de lluminositats observades. El resultat és la creació dels sistemes C1M (banda intermitja) i C1B (banda ampla), amb 14 i 5 filtres respectivament.
THESIS SUMMARY:
The aim of this thesis is to design the photometric system for Gaia space mission (ESA), to be launched at 2012. This set of bands must allow the correct classification of Gaia sources, parameterize them in terms of their physical properties and, furthermore, permit the evaluation of the chromatic effects in the astrometric measurements. The intermediate band filters are more effective to measure discrete spectral features. But for fainter stars intermediate bands doesn't provide enough signal. For this reason, Gaia have also broad band photometry. There are a lot of existing photometric systems, but none of them is optimum for Gaia, due to wide kind of stars, the large amount of sources to be observed with Gaia (1000 millions) and due to the wide apparent luminosities to be observed by the satellite. The result of this study was the creation of C1M (medium band) and C1B (broad band) systems, with 14 and 5 bands, respectively.
KEYWORDS: Gaia, Photopmetry, ESA, Photometric system, C1M, C1B.
Volpato, Annalisa. "Towards a legal framework for the delegation of powers in the EU legal system." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425296.
Повний текст джерелаLa tesi mira ad analizzare l’istituto giuridico della delegazione di nell’ordinamento dell’Unione europea ed a definire le caratteristiche e i limiti che tale fenomeno è tenuto a rispettare alla luce dei principi costituzionali di questo ordinamento. Lo studio, pertanto, elabora una definizione di delegazione di poteri che, sulla base delle tradizioni giuridiche degli Stati membri e alla luce delle peculiarità istituzionali dell’UE, sia applicabile a questo ordinamento giuridico e individua le forme di delegazione emerse in questo contesto, in particolare la delegazione a favore della Commissione europea ai sensi degli Articoli 290 e 291 TFUE, del Consiglio dell’UE, della Banca centrale europea e delle agenzie dell’Unione. Oltre ad una disamina dell’evoluzione, struttura e natura dei poteri delegati alle diverse istituzioni e organismi, è esaminato il quadro giuridico applicabile a ciascun sistema di delegazione, analizzando il diritto positivo e la giurisprudenza pertinente in relazione all’atto di delega, alle procedure per l’esercizio dei poteri delegati, alla posizione degli atti nella gerarchia delle fonti e al controllo giurisdizionale degli stessi. La ricerca riconosce, al di là delle peculiarità attinenti a ciascun sistema di delegazione, principi comuni e dinamiche che dimostrano come la delegazione di poteri sia retta da un quadro giuridico coerente e applicabile orizzontalmente alle diverse forme di delegazione. In particolare, l’atto di delega è tenuto, in primo luogo, a rispettare le prerogative del legislatore che solo è legittimato a stabilire gli elementi essenziali della materia. Nonostante le incertezze sulla precisa definizione di “elementi essenziali” che la recente giurisprudenza ha in parte mitigato, questo principio determina l’esistenza di un ambito riservato al legislatore in cui la delegazione è preclusa. In secondo luogo, l’atto di delega deve stabilire in maniera specifica i poteri delegati, identificando chiaramente i limiti in modo da consentire un controllo effettivo, anche giurisdizionale, sull’esercizio ultra vires della delegazione. In questo senso, maggiore è la precisione nella definizione dei poteri delegati, più intenso può essere lo scrutinio della Corte nel giudizio di legittimità della delegazione. In terzo luogo, le problematiche attinenti alla base giuridica sono analizzate, rilevando come l’uso dell’Articolo 114 TFUE per la delegazione di poteri alle Commissione e alle agenzie sia problematico nonostante l’avvallo della Corte. Inoltre, l’assenza di una specifica Delegationsnorm per alcune forme di delegazione è discussa, rilevando la peculiarità della concezione di principio di legalità nell’ordinamento giuridico dell’UE. Mentre l’analisi dei limiti applicabili all’atto di delega dimostra una sostanziale omogeneità, la disamina dei limiti e dei controlli sull’esercizio dei poteri delegati ha fatto emergere la diversità delle procedure, della forma e della collocazione gerarchica degli atti risultanti dalla delegazione. Ad eccezione della delegazione ai sensi dell’Articolo 290 TFUE, i meccanismi di controllo, infatti, non appaiono seguire la catena di delegazione delineata, ma riflettono la struttura composita del quadro istituzionale dell’UE. In questo senso, a seconda della natura dei poteri conferiti, sono espressione dell’equilibrio istituzionale tra le istituzioni coinvolte, nella sua accezione comprendente gli Stati membri. Infine, il controllo giurisdizionale degli atti derivanti dalla delegazione è riconosciuto come condicio sine qua non per la legittimità di questo istituto giuridico. L’analisi della applicazione dei limiti e principi individuati nelle diverse forme di delegazione, tuttavia, presenta criticità e lacune che sollevano dubbi sull’effettivo rispetto dei principi di legalità e di equilibrio istituzionale. In particolare, le recenti tendenze emerse in relazione all’esercizio dei poteri delegati ai sensi degli Articoli 290 e 291 TFUE, l’assenza di specifici controlli procedurali in relazione alla delegazione al Consiglio, nonché gli specifici problemi relativi alla delegazione alla Banca centrale europea e la problematica posizione delle agenzie prive di una base giuridica e un chiaro ruolo istituzionale in diritto primario, determinano una parziale inadeguatezza del quadro giuridico esistente. Pertanto, alla luce delle criticità emerse, la tesi termina con alcune raccomandazioni per il rafforzamento del quadro giuridico esistente, in particolare con riferimento ad un’espressa previsione della delegazione alle agenzie nel testo del Trattato e allo sviluppo di un quadro giuridico comune alle forme di delegazione che garantisca pienamente il rispetto delle esigenze di democrazia e legittimità nell’ordinamento dell’UE.
Brown, Stuart. "Delegation to European executive agencies : frameworks for analysis and the 'delegation of delegation'." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17987.
Повний текст джерелаGregório, Tânia Isabel da Costa. "Customer Relationship Management (CRM) em agências de recrutamento a nível europeu." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11070.
Повний текст джерелаAs empresas estão cada vez mais centradas no cliente e em novas formas de os abordar individualmente. As tecnologias mobile e da Web 2.0 têm permitido às empresas desenvolver-se neste campo e aproximar-se dos clientes. A presente investigação foca-se na forma como os sistemas de Customer Relationship Management (CRM) são utilizados pelas empresas de recrutamento a nível Europeu por forma a ajudar os candidatos a encontrar emprego de forma personalizada. Para melhor compreender a utilização destes sistemas de CRM, a metodologia utilizada para este estudo exploratório foi a quantitativa com recurso à técnica de amostragem não probabilística, baseada em julgamento. No total foram estudadas 35 agências de recrutamento. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a utilização de software por parte das agências de recrutamento é bastante notória. Neste estudo foi ainda possível perceber que o CRM 2.0 está presente na grande maioria das empresas em estudo, que não descuram o envio de ofertas de emprego personalizadas para os candidatos via e-mail, assim como a utilização das redes sociais como forma de contacto e de divulgação de ofertas de emprego. Quanto ao mobile CRM, existe ainda muito por explorar neste canal, uma vez que as agências focam os seus recursos na Web 2.0, deixando de parte o grande potencial deste canal.
On a daily basis, companies are growing more focused on the costumer and in new ways to approach them individually. Mobile technologies and Web 2.0 have been pushing companies to evolve in this matter and helping them to approach costumers. The present research is focused on the way Costumer Relationship Management (CRM) systems are used, on an european level, by recruiting companies to assist candidates in finding an adequate job. For better understanding this CRM systems, the methodology used in the exploratory study was quantitative, resorting to a non-prababilistic sampling technic, based on judgement. In total, 35 recruiting agencies were studied. Obtained results showed that the use of software in recruiting agencies is quite common. In this study, it was also possible to verify that CRM 2.0 is present in the vast majority of the studied companies, who do not neglect sending customized job offers via email to their candidates as well as using social networks as communication and job offers divulgation tools. When it comes to mobile CRM, there's still much to be explored in this channel, as agencies focus their resources in Web 2.0, leaving this channel's great potential unused.
Kenard, Patrick C. "Living in the "Age of Accountability": How Co-Decision Empowers the European Parliament in the Design of EU Agencies." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/38.
Повний текст джерелаPuskepalytė, Lina. "Europos Sąjungos agentūros: organizacinė schema, interesų derinimas ir valdymas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090804_140028-52092.
Повний текст джерелаMore attention and wider analysis should be done on the concept of agencies decentralization and added value. Due to the increasing European agencies influence, it is useful a broader analysis of the organization activity. It is appropriate to investigate the organization: the structure, management and the ability to combine the EU and national interests. Only after the analysis of the results, it is possible to talk about the agency operational improvements The aim of this work - to analyze the common characteristics of the European Union, their management and coordination of interests in basic features. The first section presents the theoretical foundations of the agencies. At the beginning the Agency theory is presented: the concept and the reasons given for the creation of agencies. The second subsection defines principal-agent model characteristic. At the end ultimately provided the scientific criticism of this theory and model respect The second section provides the agencies external and internal management structures and a comparative analysis of the agencies coordination with the purpose of common organizing features and differences analysis agencies In the third section, through two qualitative researches, sent to the heads of European Union agencies and the chiefs of the boards of EU agencies, is analyzing the agencies efficiency, the European Union and national interests harmonization, and organizational features.
Albinelli, Erica. "Financing urban adaptation to climate change: Traduzione dall’inglese all’italiano di un report dell’Agenzia europea dell’ambiente sul tema dell’adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15156/.
Повний текст джерелаRodriguez, Bautista Daniela. "Le contrôle des frontières et le régime des visas dans l'Union Européenne : sécurité intérieure ou prérogative de souveraineté ?" Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU2017/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the field of the borders control and migration flows management, the aim of this analyse is determine whether Member States discretion arises as a prerogative of sovereignty for reasons of internal security of the Union, or whether this sovereign prerogative is consolidated through internal security. This analyse also serves to illustrate the importance of the work of the Court of Justice of the European Union to harmonize the EU legislation in this area. Specifically, this study details how the "imprecision" of the EU legal framework permits discretion to national authorities in the interpretation of facts, in accordance with the general provisions of the legal framework. So, discretionary power with which consular and border authorities of the Member States apply this legislation, leaves a reasonable doubt on the proper implementation of the legal framework. In other terms, authorities of the Member States have discretionary power, which allow them to adopt ad hoc solutions to fill the gaps left by European legislation. Consequently, intervention of the Court of Justice is essential in order to ensure a uniform application of the Union's secondary legislation
El presente trabajo tiene por objeto de estudio determinar, en el ámbito del control de fronteras y la gestión de los flujos migratorios, por una parte, si la discrecionalidad de los Estados miembros surge por cuestiones que atañen a la seguridad interior de la Unión o por una prerrogativa soberana, o bien si la discrecionalidad se consolida a través de la seguridad interior. Y, por otra parte, destacar la importancia de la labor del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea para armonizar la normativa de la Unión en este ámbito. En concreto, este estudio describe con detalle como la “imprecisión” del ordenamiento de la Unión otorga un libre margen de apreciación a la autoridad nacional para interpretar los hechos conforme al precepto general del ordenamiento. De modo que, la discrecionalidad con la que esta legislación es aplicada por las autoridades consulares y fronterizas de los Estados miembros deja dudas razonables acerca de la correcta aplicación del ordenamiento. En otros términos, las autoridades de los Estados miembros disponen de facultades discrecionales que les permiten adoptar soluciones ad hoc para llenar los vacíos dejados por la legislación europea. Por lo tanto, la intervención del Tribunal de Justicia es indispensable para garantizar la aplicación uniforme del Derecho derivado de la Unión
Tarrant, A. D. "Why does European Union Legislation sometimes empower national regulatory authorities and sometimes empower European Agencies to undertake regulation for the single market?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1334685/.
Повний текст джерелаOngaro, Edoardo. "The governance dynamics of the emergent European administrative order : explaining the strategy process of EU Agencies." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-governance-dynamics-of-the-emergent-european-administrative-order(9862a502-3b20-44fe-bc8e-332ad65a1e19).html.
Повний текст джерелаEvans, Heidi Jacqueline. "Magic Connections: German News Agencies and Global News Networks, 1905-1945." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10302.
Повний текст джерелаHistory
Karpava, Marharyta. "Determinants of forex market movements during the European sovereign debt crisis: The role of credit rating agencies." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18398.
Повний текст джерелаGiuffrida, Iria. "Accountability and the reform of European governance : comitology and agencies in the regulation of gm-food and chemicals." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511341.
Повний текст джерелаDemortain, David. "Mettre les risques sous surveillance : l'outillage de la sécurité sanitaire des médicaments et des aliments en Europe." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DENS0005.
Повний текст джерелаThe public regulation of risks changes under the influence of new instruments, as much as under the influence of new risks. Risk monitoring for pharmaceuticals or foodstuffs relies on protocols sets of standardised prescriptions. They are the condition for a collective and systematic action towards products, contaminants or risks to unfold. The elaboration of these tools is the result of two intertwined processes of problematisation and standard setting. It is part and parcel of the action of invisible colleges of scientific experts: The influence of these groups materialise at the points where instrumental concepts become standards. Through invisible colleges, the various organisations belonging to complex regulatory fields get connected and coordinated. Thus, invisible colleges foster the production of new standards. By doing so, they contribute centrally to the emergence of general theories for governance of risks. "Risk management" or "risk analysis" tend to become overarching principles, which gives sense and legitimacy to the tools and institutions put in place
Petronzio, Edward. "Talking trade over wine assessing the role of trade associations, bureacratic agencies and legislative bodies in the United States-European Union and Canada-European Union wine trade disputes /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1192736566.
Повний текст джерелаPetronzio, Edward Jr. "TALKING TRADE OVER WINE: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF TRADE ASSOCIATIONS, BUREACRATIC AGENCIES AND LEGISLATIVE BODIES IN THE UNITED STATES-EUROPEAN UNION AND CANADA-EUROPEAN UNION WINE TRADE DISPUTES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1192736566.
Повний текст джерелаMIGLIORATI, MARTA. "CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF DELEGATION IN POST-MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN UNION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/636260.
Повний текст джерелаZellmeyer, Stephan. "A place in space : the history of Swiss participation in European space programmes, 1960-1987 /." Paris : Beauchesne, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9782701015323.
Повний текст джерелаDitaranto, Abramo. "Design and prototyping of electronic PCBs for the study of the atmosphere in harsh environmental conditions." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7983/.
Повний текст джерелаYeskov, Serge V. "Law enforcement agencies and telecommunications service providers collaboration in executing requests for interception of private communications: european union regulation practice as a lesson for Ukraine." Thesis, Тернопіль: Вектор, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/41784.
Повний текст джерелаVlachou, Charikleia. "La coopération entre les autorités de régulation en Europe (communications électroniques, énergie)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020055/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe cooperation among regulatory authorities in the field of electronic communications and energy takes place against the background of the transformation of the european administration in the last two decades. Its institutional design bears the mark of the europeanisation of regulators through the harmonisation brought about by EU law and the diffusion of best practices. The cooperation among regulatory authorities is formalised on the basis of a primary law that is vague. It is also marked by ambiguity with regard to the delegation of pouvoirs on a European level. In the sectors of energy and electronic communications, it reflects the « hybrisation » of two models of governance, European agencies and networks, giving birth to a powerful « network agency » in the field of energy-the ACER- and a weak « agenciarised network » in the field of electronic communications- the BEREC. The control of the acts of these two organisms in a « Union of law » is ensured by the Cour of justice of the European Union which is, however, difficult to accessfor individuals. In this context, the European Ombudsman demonstrates a real potential as a complementary forum of control. Against a priori hypotheses with respect to the democratic deficit of the European Union, the European Parliament effectively ensures the democratic control of ACER and BEREC. Even if its means of political control are largelyinformal and should be better defined, the control it exercices in the context of the budgetary discharge procedure is capable of transforming the institutional design of the above mentioned organisms
Mallard, Grégoire. "The Atomic Confederacy : europe’s Quest for Nuclear Weapons and the Making of the New World Order." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0245.
Повний текст джерелаMy dissertation examines how the globalization of modern science and technology has redefined the power and legitimacy of modern nation-states. Taking the transatlantic history of postwar nuclear science as a case in point, I focus on proposals to establish international organizations and/or supranational nuclear communities, formulated by the US government and West European governments between the 1940s and the 1970s. Drawing and expanding on the literature in historical sociology and political science, I ask: How were national governments persuaded to delegate control over the regulation of nuclear activities to international organizations? How did informal transatlantic networks successfully convince national political leaders, bureaucracies and experts to support their plans? To answer these questions, I compare the role of two transatlantic networks of nuclear scientists and policymakers whose expert skills, social capital, and access to political elites varied—liberal and cosmopolitan internationalists as opposed to European federalists. As I show, these two transatlantic networks succeeded in achieving their goals, as norm entrepreneurs, as policy entrepreneurs, as policy translators
García, Cardó Alfonso. "Relaciones entre los factores psicosociales de la Agencia Europea para la seguridad y salud en el trabajo y la accidentabilidad laboral en el sector metalúrgico español." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670030.
Повний текст джерелаPsychosocial risk factors are managed, as a general rule, in most companies in Spain in isolation from other disciplines of occupational risk prevention (safety, industrial hygiene and ergonomics). Even in accident studies, these factors are not considered as triggers of physical damages. In this context, this research was born with the objective of studying whether the perceptions that workers have about psychosocial factors have some kind of relationship with the accident rate of the organization in which they work. Being the accident rate of the organization only a qualifying variable. To achieve this goal, an "ad hoc" questionnaire with Likert scales has been designed, which has been applied to workers in the metallurgical sector at the end of two different periods (2000-2004 and 2011-2015). Workers and companies were different in each period, but under the same selection criteria. The result of this research indicates that the perception of the workers who perform their professional work in high-risk companies and those who perform it in those with low accident rates is significantly different in the scales of: safety climate, work well-being, decision power, basal risk, overload, work conditions, as well as in the stress percepcion. It is confirmed that these perceptions are stable over time (a decade apart). The workers perceptions in the different psychosocial scales analyzed were similar, even having a decade of difference between the two samples. In conclusion, psychosocial factors are optimal indicators of the accident rate of organizations. Therefore, they must be evaluated and analyzed in an integrated manner with the other disciplines: safety, industrial hygiene and ergonomics.
Stewart, Malcolm Hynd. "Antecedents, policies and practices of promotional standardisation strategy : a comparison of British MNC's and advertising agencies in three countries across the European Union." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22553.
Повний текст джерелаValle-Flôr, Maria Amélia Monteiro de Sacadura Garcia. "Sovereign debt crisis and the use of the community method in the making of EU responses (2010-2011) : the six-pack case on economic governance reform." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9851.
Повний текст джерелаIn early 2010, the weak design of the Economic and Monetary Union and the tools for economic governance provided by the Treaty of Lisbon proved to be inadequate for preventing or resolving the European sovereign debt crisis. Up to December2011, the EU response comprised legislative files aiming to reform economic governance and the establishment of financial supervision and stabilization mechanisms. Drawing on new institutionalism theories, namely rational choice and historical institutionalism, this research’s main objective is to investigate the use of the Community method in the responses to the EUcrisis. Some of the responses, found within the EU framework, suchasthe ‘SixaPack’adopted in 2011 to streng then the Union´s economic governance, saw the Commission´s role as formal agenda setter- the key feature of the Community method-being challenged by the set up of a Task Force presided by the President of the European Council Van Rompuy. Other responses, found through intergovernmental agreements, are perceived to ascribe a much more central role to supranational institutions like the European Commission and the European Court of Justice, strengthening this way the Community method. The focus on a qualitative case study of economic governance reform highlights the role of the European Parliament in the ‘SixaPack’ legislative process and builds on a novel conceptualization of the Principal-Agent model. Theanalysis covers not only the ‘SixaPack’ agenda setting phase, but also the formal and informal policy-making stage, where most of the decisions were found in the so called ‘trialogues’.
No início de 2010, tanto a fragilidade do desenho da União Económica e Monetária como os instrumentos de governação económica previstos no Tratado de Lisboa, mostraram não ser aptos em prevenir ou resolver a crise Europeia da dívida soberana. Até Dezembro 2011, a resposta Europeia compreendeu um conjunto de dossiers legislativos com vista a reformar a governação económica e o estabelecimento de mecanismos de supervisão financeira e de estabilização.Tendoporbaseasteoriasdo novo institucionalismo, nomeadamente o institucionalismo da escolha racional e o institucionalismo histórico, o principal objectivo desta investigação é analisar o método Comunitário nas respostas à crise da União Europeia. Em algumas dessas respostas, dentro do enquadramento legal Europeu, tal como o ‘SixaPack’ adotado em 2011 para fortalecer a governação económica, a Comissão Europeia viu o seu poder formal de iniciar legislação a principal característica do método Comunitário a ser confrontado com a constituição de um grupo de trabalho presidido pelo Presidente do Conselho Europeu Van Rompuy. Outras respostas, no âmbito de acordos intergovernamentais, terão atribuído um papel central às instituições Europeias como a Comissão e o Tribunal Europeu de Justiça, o que se traduziu num fortalecimento do método Comunitário. A escolha de um caso de estudo qualitativo sobre a reforma da governação económica, pretende sublinhar o papel desempenhado pelo Parlamento Europeu no processo legislativo do ‘SixaPack’. Para o efeito, foi desenvolvida uma nova conceptualização teórica do modelo do Principal-Agente. A análise cobre não somente a fase da iniciação legislativa do ‘SixaPack’, mas também Os processos formais e informais de tomada de decisão, nos chamados ‘trílogos’.
Fallström, Mujkić Pia-Johanna. "Decision and Policy Making in the European Union : Role of EU Agencies in the decision and policy making in the area of chemicals and food safety." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Besluts-, risk- och policyanalys, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30442.
Повний текст джерелаWolf, Sebastian. "Institutionelle Balance und Integration : horizontale Machtverschiebungen in europäisierten Regierungssystemen." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&docl̲ibrary=BVB01&docn̲umber=015002456&linen̲umber=0001&funcc̲ode=DBR̲ECORDS&servicet̲ype=MEDIA.
Повний текст джерелаMeißner, Vittoria Christiane Marisa [Verfasser], Conceição-Heldt Eugénia [Akademischer Betreuer] da, Conceição-Heldt Eugénia [Gutachter] da, and Sandra [Gutachter] Lavenex. "European Union Migration Agencies at the Crossroads: Significant Empowerment after the Schengen crisis? / Vittoria Christiane Marisa Meißner ; Gutachter: Eugénia da Conceição-Heldt, Sandra Lavenex ; Betreuer: Eugénia da Conceição-Heldt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1206687479/34.
Повний текст джерелаTong, Xuheng. "L'environnement institutionnel influence-t-il le rôle, la stratégie et l'impact des agences de notation financières ? Application à la Chine et éléments de comparaison avec l’Europe." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0196.
Повний текст джерелаIn this Ph.D. thesis, we aim to contribute to the entire research on CRAs, with theoretical, conceptual and empirical aspects. We used the New-institutionalism as a theoretical frame of reference to justify the importance to have a good understanding of Chinese institutional characteristics. Chinese State-capitalism and Socialist-market economics, along with the interaction of CRAs with regulators, issuers and investors are devoted to setting the stage. We implemented various methodological approaches that seemed the most appropriate, on the sample that the most suitable, according to each of the objectives that we set, to better comprehend CRAs’ role, strategy and impact, under Chinese market context.Firstly, we found that CRAs were not expected to play “their main role” in assessing the credit default risk for market investment in China, as they are usually assigned to do so in Europe, and other developed countries. After running the frequency test, to register the words most used in the written regulatory and normative documents, we concluded that the expectation of roles of CRAs was also different in Continental China and in Hong Kong. At the expectation of issuers, CRAs also seem to play a role in rating “shopping”, in split rating, and even in rating inflation. Investors are very cautious to the multiple ratings. Secondly, by using logistic models, we found that global CRAs tend to rate more strictly than local CRAs, ceteris paribus. We also realized that the strategical behaviors of Chinese local CRAs are distinctive one from the other, when we studied the determinants “behind” initial issuer ratings. These findings confirmed the preliminary quantitative tests that we executed on the descriptive data. Thirdly, we failed to find informative impact of credit rating changes on the stock market, through a classic event study relying on the market model. Even if we refined the methodology by completing GARCH to OLS estimation model, and non-parametric tests to parametric tests, we only found significant outcomes in some subsamples, and for negative watch-lists.In the end, the analyses we led and the findings we reported from each of these empirical chapters have contributed to enrich, in return, our discussion of Chinese institutional characteristics
Hoeffler, Catherine. "Les politiques d'armement en Europe : "l'Adieu aux armes" de l'État nation ? : une comparaison entre l'Allemagne, la France, le Royaume-Uni et l'Union européenne de 1976 à 2010." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0016.
Повний текст джерелаThe topic of this dissertation in political science is the transformation of defence procurement policies in Germany, France, the UK, as well as at the European level, from 1976 to 2010. It is based on the analysis of national institutional changes as well as evolutions in European co-oeperative programmes through the cases of antitank missiles TRIGAT programmes. This study examines the redefinition of the role and instruments of States in this policy sector as they are confronted to European developments (OCCAR, European defence agency, and the directive on public contracts for defence procurement) and to national liberal reforms (privatization, new public management). In so doing, it explains why governments initiate these changes, and analyses the concrete machinery of cooperation. It shows that the apparently increasing role of Europe can be explained by a process characterized by a « double movement » : on the one hand, the implementation of liberal reforms, on the other hand, the strengthening of governmental strategies of defence industrial policies. The multiplication of arenas and modes of coordination indicates the evolution of state-led strategies of « economic patriotism », in their traditional and liberal versions, at various levels. Rather than a policy transfer from one level to another, these developments create a multi-level European governance that cannot be reduced to the European Union. In this context, governments remain crucial, while European organizations participate to a negative integration based on market making
Ozisik, Fethi Ufuk. "L'Européanisation de la politique de développement régional en Turquie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1035.
Повний текст джерелаTurkey, a candidate for the European Union, faces European pressure to adapt its administrative structures and institutional frameworks of its rules and European standards concerning the implementation of structural funds. In this respect, in the context of pre-accession process to the EU, the Turkish state is coming to reformulate its policy of regional development. In this sense, the major reform undertaken by the Turkish state is that of the creation of development agencies in the twenty-six statistical regions NUTS II. Meanwhile, it is also the establishment of a decentralization process. Indeed, these reforms refer to Europeanization of territorial governance. However, the changes that are implemented do not depend exclusively on EU recommendations. Morever, it is necessary to consider the territorial dimension of the Europeanization process. What are the different factors and the various dynamics that determine the change in regional development policies? To what extent can we attribute the change to the EU conditionality? How Europe proceeds to urge the Turkish government to reformulate its regional policies? What is the role of sub-national level in the change? These are the questions that this study attempts to provide some answers. So our goal in this work consists on the one hand, to understand the logical adaptation of Turkish state with the recommendations of Europe indicating the junction of different dynamics of change, on the other hand, identify the change through the articulation of different levels of public action, from local to Europe
Vaňková, Jana. "Analýza přínosů Evropské ratingové agentury." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192957.
Повний текст джерелаPetrone, Francesco. "Globalizzazione, Governance e Istituzioni Internazionali." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/307213.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to discuss the meaning and application of governance in the light of globalization processes that have changed the face of the planet, especially in recent decades. In order to analyse this new paradigm, we examine some of the phenomena that characterize, in our view, society today: first of all the anarchy in international relations, and the subsequent disorder that continues to generate; the process of globalization and its consequences not only on economies but also on society and individuals; the "crisis of the State" and new actors that emerge "from above" and “from below "; finally how international institutions, and above all United Nations, works at the global level.
Langlais, Peter. "Sécurité maritime et droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020079.
Повний текст джерелаAs a new level of regulation, European Union law appears both as the product of and catalyst for territorialisation and regionalisation of the governance of maritime spaces and activities. The human, economicand environmental challenges of maritime safety have made its legal order a privileged scene for the confrontation between the liberal traditions of the maritime sectors and the need for regulation by the public authorities with a view to preventing, limiting and compensating damages of any kind that may result from an accident. The European Court of Justice has thus proposed the terms of an unprecedented reconciliation between the traditional principles governing maritime liability regimes as organised by international law on the one handand the new principles of environmental law on the other hand. As a result of European integration, maritime safety requirements are gradually harmonizing at theregional scale, limiting the legislative competition between EU Member States while acting as flag or port authorities. By coordinating the position of EU States in international forums, the European Union succeeds in orienting international law dealing with maritime safety: it thus contributes to temper external legislativecompetition. Without a positive harmonisation in the field of taxation and social protection of seafarers, the convergence of EU Member States law results from an alignment with international practices. Similarly, whereas the commercial attractiveness of its internal market would allow it, the European legislator has so far made limited use of economic incentives. European integration has also led to the creation of a regional cooperation framework built around a dedicated regulatory Agency, in addition to an organisational and functional rapprochement of the national maritime administrations, resulting in a gradual homogenisation of European administrative practices,particularly in the field of port controls, licensing of recognized organisations acting on behalf of the flag State,mutual recognition of maritime diplomas and certificates, etc. This co-operation gives extended application to European requirements, although their singularity in relation to international law remains strategically limited
Correia, Vincent. "L’Union européenne et l’ordre international de l’aviation civile : la contribution de l'Union européenne aux évolutions contemporaines du droit aérien international." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40050.
Повний текст джерелаThe way in which the Member States have redefined the conditions regarding how they exercise their air sovereignty, by progressively transferring power to the European Union, cannot be viewed solely as them removing and reducing their individual powers. The powers conferred to the European Union in aviation matters are resulting in an affirmation of the international role of Europe as a whole. This on-going, and as yet incomplete process, may be seen in a greater recognition of the specific European aspect regarding Civil Aviation. In spite of the hesitance of Member States and non-member States, the European Union has progressively taken its place among the key players, able to influence developments in modern aviation law, in the same way as other established aviation authorities and especially the United States. These new trends reveal the flexibility and elasticity of the Chicago Convention and the potential future developments in International Civil Aviation
Lund, Daniel. "La competencia intercultural en la enseñanza escolar de idiomas extranjeros : Una recopilación de investigaciones anteriores relacionadas con la competencia intercultural en la enseñanza de idiomas extranjeros." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160273.
Повний текст джерелаVi lever i en alltmer globaliserad och sammankopplad värld. Detta ställer nya och högre krav på vår förmåga att föra oss och interagera i interkulturella sammanhang, det vill säga sammanhang där två eller flera kulturer möts på lika villkor, vilket understryks i såväl nationella (svenska) som internationella styrdokument för utbildning. Studien nedan har utifrån tidigare internationell forskning undersökt hur utbildningssystemet och framförallt undervisningen i moderna språk kan verka för att förmedla kunskap om, och färdigheter i, interkulturell kompetens genom att först göra en översyn av hur sådan kompetens definieras och därefter undersöka hur klassrumsmiljön kan få en interkulturell prägel, samt vilka didaktiska metoder och verktyg som kan användas för att förmedla den interkulturella kompetensen till eleverna. Analysen av den tidigare forskningen är genomförd med en kvalitativ ansats och hermeneutisk metod, närmare bestämt abduktion. Studiens analys visar att det, trots flera försök, ännu inte finns någon enhetlig definition av vad som är interkulturell kompetens. Det finns dock stora likheter i befintliga definitioners grundstruktur, exempelvis att de innefattar kognitiva, affektiva och beteendemässiga dimensioner. Interkulturell kompetens definieras också som en process, varvid Deardorffs (2006) processmodell särskilt lyfts fram. Analysen visar också på att ett interkulturellt klassrumsklimat uppstår då läraren väljer ett interkulturellt arbetssätt, även här visar sig Deardorffs processmodell användbar. I anslutning till detta ges ett antal konkreta exempel på hur ett interkulturellt arbetssätt kan se ut, bland annat undervisning utifrån det vardagliga samtalet. Avslutningsvis lyfter analysen, i samklang med kritik mot att interkulturell undervisning ofta behandlas som ett enskilt moment i undervisningen, fram ett så kallat holistiskt perspektiv, det vill säga att interkulturalitet ska vara en del av all undervisning.
The globalization and interconnectedness of the world is putting new and higher demands on our ability to function and interact within an intercultural context, that is, contexts where two or more cultures meet on equal terms. This is also highlighted in national (Swedish) as well as international documents governing education. This study has used previous international research, to investigate how the educational system and especially the teaching of modern languages can be a part of student’s acquisition of intercultural competence, by first reviewing how this competence is defined and thereafter investigate how to create an intercultural class space, and also what didactic methods and tools might be used to convey the intercultural competence to the students. The analysis of the previous research has been done, applying a qualitative approach and a hermeneutic method, more specifically the abduction. The analysis shows that, in spite of several tries, there is still no unanimous definition of intercultural competence. However, there are compelling similarities regarding the basic structure of the existing definitions, for example the existence of cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions. Also, intercultural competence is defined as a process, highlighting the process model on intercultural competence by Deardorff (2006. Furthermore, the analysis shows that an intercultural class space occurs when the teacher applies an intercultural teaching method, another area where the process model by Deardorff is proven useful. In connection, some examples are given of how an intercultural teaching method might look, including the use of the colloquial conversation. Finally, the analysis, in accordance with the critique on intercultural education used as an isolated element in the education as a whole, proposes a holistic perspective, that interculturality be a part of all education that is.
Mezouar, Mehdi. "L'analyse en droit comparé, français italien, des méthodes de lutte contre l'évasion fiscale internationale pratiquée par les grandes entreprises via les prix de transfert." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of my thesis is to improve the fight against manipulation of transfer pricing by introducing legal mechanisms that take account of the economic reality of the same group of companies . Intra-company trade accounts for 60 % of world trade , it is essential to require multinational groups as well as various European governments in particular to a constructive dialogue in order to secure public finances of each State, but also the taxation of these companies in their thus avoiding potential enhancement and spreading the problem of double taxation. To do our analysis is carried in the first place on the value of goods and services or how to quantify this value in accordance with our liberal economic theory . Then we took a look at ciritique the theory and practice of tax law in this area by adopting a comparative approach between France and Italy . The goal is to improve existing and create new ways such as the European Agreement Preventive Accord on tranfer pricing which impose our Member States to reach an agreement on the tax treatment practice on transfer pricing within a group on European territory. And to enhance the effectiveness of tax correction multinational groups we propose the establishment of the European Agency for Tax Audit (EATA) who would enjoy a certain autonomy and whose function is to conduct audits on larger groups located in Europe and propose a common rectification and solving the problem of double taxation
Blottin, Benoît. "Le rôle des autorités de concurrence et des autorités de régulation sectorielle dans la surveillance de la libéralisation des marchés de l'énergie." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020085.
Повний текст джерелаThe opening to competition of the markets in gas and electricity has hardly produced the desired impact. To a large extent, the directives flowing from the third package have been transposed amongst the Member States. However, the effective implementation of a European energy is still facing several challenges ahead. With this nebulous background, supervision has become all-seeing, Argus-like. In fact, while competitions authorities and sectoral regulators are significantly stepping up theirs efforts so as to push forward the liberalization process towards the swift completion of the internal energy market, they seem, at times, to work against the grain of their original assignment. On the one hand, competition authorities appear to be increasingly willing to act as « builders » for the energy markets as they tackle market structures rather than harmful behaviours. Conversely, sectoral regulators, with their ever-strengthening powers, are more and more incited to track down and take sanctions against barriers to competition. Such bicephalous management has resulted in a confusion of roles which has not been alleviated by the « bridges »built between both types of regulators. At any rate, in the face of such a tangled web of competences, operators find themselves in markets that are not very conducive to competition and in a regulatory framework which is both volatile and complex, thereby paralysing the investments required to render such markets more dynamic. The system as it stands may still be improved and many would like to see it clarified. Although the prospect is not very realistic, some commentators have called for the merger of authorities. It appears nonetheless that reworking the supervision framework with a view to strengthening inter-regulation but also implementing actual European regulations is a route that has not yet been sufficiently explored
PANTINI, SARA. "Analysis and modelling of leachate and gas generation at landfill sites focused on mechanically-biologically treated waste." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/203393.
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