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1
Toiviainen, Petri. "Modeling the Target-Note Technique of Bebop-Style Jazz Improvisation: An Artificial Neural Network Approach." Music Perception 12, no. 4 (1995): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285674.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In cognitive science and research on artificial intelligence, there are two central paradigms: symbolic and analogical. Within the analogical paradigm, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have recently been successfully used to model and simulate cognitive phenomena. One of the most prominent features of ANNs is their ability to learn by example and, to a certain extent, generalize what they have learned. Improvisation, the art of spontaneously creating music while playing or singing, fundamentally has an imitative nature. Regardless of how much one studies and analyzes, the art of improvisation is learned mostly by example. Instead of memorizing explicit rules, the student mimics the playing of other musicians. This kind of learning procedure cannot be easily modeled with rule- based symbolic systems. ANNs, on the other hand, provide an effective means of modeling and simulating this kind of imitative learning. In this article, a model of jazz improvisation that is based on supervised learning ANNs is described. Some results, achieved by simulations with the model, are presented. The simulations show that the model is able to apply the material it has learned in a new context. It can even create new melodic patterns based on the learned patterns. This kind of adaptability is a direct consequence of the fact that the knowledge resides in a distributed form in the network.
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Fader, Peter S., and Bruce G. S. Hardie. "Modeling Consumer Choice among SKUs." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 4 (November 1996): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379603300406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most choice models in marketing implicitly assume that the fundamental unit of analysis is the brand. In reality, however, many more of the decisions made by consumers, manufacturers, and retailers occur at the level of the stock-keeping unit (SKU). The authors address a variety of issues involved in defining and using SKUs in a choice model, as well as the unique benefits that arise from doing so. They discuss how a set of discrete attributes (e.g., brand name, package size, type) can be used to characterize a large set of SKUs in a parsimonious manner. They postulate that consumers do not form preferences for each individual SKU, per se, but instead evaluate the underlying attributes that describe each item. The model is shown to be substantially superior to a more traditional framework that does not emphasize the complete use of SKU attribute information. Their analysis also highlights several other benefits associated with the proposed modeling approach, such as the ability to forecast sales for imitative line extensions that enter the market in a future period. Other implications and extensions also are discussed.
3
Gaus, Gerald. "CONSTRUCTIVIST AND ECOLOGICAL MODELING OF GROUP RATIONALITY." Episteme 9, no. 3 (September 2012): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2012.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThese brief remarks highlight three aspects of Christian List and Philip Pettit's Group Agency: The Possibility, Design, and Status of Corporate Agents that illustrate its constructivist nature: (i) its stress on the discursive dilemma as a primary challenge to group rationality and reasoning; (ii) its general though qualified support for premise-based decision-making as the preferred way to cope with the problems of judgment aggregation; and (iii) its account of rational agency and moral responsibility. The essay contrasts List and Pettit's constructivist analysis of group rationality with an ecological approach, inspired by social theorists such as F A. Hayek, Vernon L. Smith and Gerd Gigerenzer.
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Fung, Juan F., Siamak Sattar, David T. Butry, and Steven L. McCabe. "A predictive modeling approach to estimating seismic retrofit costs." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 579–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019891716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents a methodology for estimating seismic retrofit costs from historical data. In particular, historical retrofit-cost data from Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 156 is used to build a generalized linear model (GLM) to predict retrofit costs as a function of building characteristics. While not as accurate as an engineering professional’s estimate, this methodology is easy to apply to generate quick estimates and is especially useful for decision makers with large building portfolios. Moreover, the predictive modeling approach provides a measure of uncertainty in terms of prediction error. The article uses prediction error to compare different modeling choices, including the choice of distribution for costs. Finally, the proposed retrofit-cost model is implemented to estimate the cost to retrofit a portfolio of federal buildings. The application illustrates how the choice of distribution affects cost estimates.
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Qura-tul-ain Khan and Tahir Alyas. "Modeling Emotional Mutation and Evolvement Using Genetic Algorithm in Agency." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2017.010228.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human mind has the ability to generate emotions based on internal and external environment. These emotions are based on past experiences and the current situation. Mutation of emotions in human is the change in the intensity of emotion and the more intense the emotion is, it has more chances of existence. In mutative state two emotions are crossover and from the new emotions only the fittest and strongest emotion survive. Emotional mutation and evolvement helps human mind in decision making and in generating response. In agency the phenomenon of emotional modeling can be accomplished by Mutation and Evolvement for generating output. Genetic algorithm is computational model that is inspired by evolution of biological population and by using mutation and crossover of Genetic Algorithm the agency is able to generate output.This paper presents the algorithmic approach for emotional Mutation and Evolvement using Genetic Algorithm for generating output in agency.
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SCHÜTTE, TINO. "INVESTMENT ADJUSTMENTS IN PRODUCT MARKET COMPETITION." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 10, no. 05 (October 2013): 1340017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877013400178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Situated in the research field of market structure and strategic behavior, a model is developed, which shows the impacts of investment adjustments on product market competition. Placed in a multi-firm multi-product setting, the consequences of decisions to split budgets in: (i) marketing and development activities and (ii) development expenditures into innovative or imitative activities is investigated. The model is validated with empirical data of the pharmaceutical industry, especially the drug market in Germany. An agent-based modeling and simulation approach is used to explain how the freedom of firms to adjust their investment according to an absolute (individual aspiration level) or relative comparison (success of competitors) can change market performance. The results show that investment strategies adjusted to the behavior of direct competitors outperforms adjustments based on individual aspiration levels.
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Sukhonosenko, Zakhar Viktorovich, and Luybov Vadimovna Gajkova. "AGENT MODELING AS ANALYSIS TOOL IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL ECOSYSTEMS." Krasnoyarsk Science 8, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2019-4-124-138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of agency modeling in the early analysis of the expected results of integration of the designed software into business processes is considered using the example of information and analytical mo-Delhi, which implements a new approach to the promotion of financial products, as well as problems of low conversion of the Internet and mobile advertising. Purpose: determination of scientifically based approaches to ecosystem performance growth with different values of efficiency of financial products promotion in the consumer market. Methodology: the dialectical method is used as a general scientific method of cognition; Techniques and tools for systemic, comparative, statistical, economic and financial analysis; Simulation methods and tools. Results: described is a new approach to promotion, regarding problems of low conversion of the Internet and mobile advertising of financial products, characterized by using agency simulation as a basis for analytical processing of research results. Scope of results: heads of companies when deciding on favorable and unfavourable conditions of the information and analytical financial ecosystem as one of the components of the business development strategy.
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Ertsen, M. W., J. T. Murphy, L. E. Purdue, and T. Zhu. "A journey of a thousand miles begins with one small step – human agency, hydrological processes and time in socio-hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 4 (April 8, 2014): 1369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1369-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. When simulating social action in modeling efforts, as in socio-hydrology, an issue of obvious importance is how to ensure that social action by human agents is well-represented in the analysis and the model. Generally, human decision-making is either modeled on a yearly basis or lumped together as collective social structures. Both responses are problematic, as human decision-making is more complex and organizations are the result of human agency and cannot be used as explanatory forces. A way out of the dilemma of how to include human agency is to go to the largest societal and environmental clustering possible: society itself and climate, with time steps of years or decades. In the paper, another way out is developed: to face human agency squarely, and direct the modeling approach to the agency of individuals and couple this with the lowest appropriate hydrological level and time step. This approach is supported theoretically by the work of Bruno Latour, the French sociologist and philosopher. We discuss irrigation archaeology, as it is in this discipline that the issues of scale and explanatory force are well discussed. The issue is not just what scale to use: it is what scale matters. We argue that understanding the arrangements that permitted the management of irrigation over centuries requires modeling and understanding the small-scale, day-to-day operations and personal interactions upon which they were built. This effort, however, must be informed by the longer-term dynamics, as these provide the context within which human agency is acted out.
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Ertsen, M. W., J. T. Murphy, L. E. Purdue, and T. Zhu. "A journey of a thousand miles begins with one small step – human agency, hydrological processes and time in socio-hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2013): 14265–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-14265-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. When simulating social action in modeling efforts, as in socio-hydrology, an issue of obvious importance is how to ensure that social action by human agents is well-represented in the analysis and the model. Generally, human decision-making is either modeled on a yearly basis or lumped together as collective social structures. Both responses are problematic, as human decision making is more complex and organizations are the result of human agency and cannot be used as explanatory forces. A way out of the dilemma how to include human agency is to go to the largest societal and environmental clustering possible: society itself and climate, with time steps of years or decades. In the paper, the other way out is developed: to face human agency squarely, and direct the modeling approach to the human agency of individuals and couple this with the lowest appropriate hydrological level and time step. This approach is supported theoretically by the work of Bruno Latour, the French sociologist and philosopher. We discuss irrigation archaeology, as it is in this discipline that the issues of scale and explanatory force are well discussed. The issue is not just what scale to use: it is what scale matters. We argue that understanding the arrangements that permitted the management of irrigation over centuries, requires modeling and understanding the small-scale, day-to-day operations and personal interactions upon which they were built. This effort, however, must be informed by the longer-term dynamics as these provide the context within which human agency, is acted out.
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Sperry, Richard C., and Antonie J. Jetter. "A Systems Approach to Project Stakeholder Management: Fuzzy Cognitive Map Modeling." Project Management Journal 50, no. 6 (July 10, 2019): 699–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756972819847870.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Projects that make effective use of project stakeholder management (PSM) tend to run smoothly and be successful because stakeholders understand and agree with the project approaches and outcomes. Projects with ineffective stakeholder management, on the other hand, frequently experience delays and cost overruns or may even be terminated. To date, project teams have limited methodological support for PSM: Existing methods are dominantly static and internally focused, making it difficult to manage so-called external stakeholders, who are not under the authority of the project manager. This work aims to improve PSM practice by closing the methodological gap. We developed a novel decision-support methodology, based on Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) modeling that leverages stakeholders’ public comments to anticipate the project’s impacts on them and to make conflicts between stakeholder interests and project objectives transparent. A demonstration of the method is provided using a single case—namely, a longitudinal case study at Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), a federal agency that provides power to the Pacific Northwest.
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Kaptsov, Alexander V., and Ekaterina V. Nekrasova. "Attractors of university students’ agency development stages." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology 10, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2021-10-2-98-107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The relevant problem of social educational psychology is to identify states of self-organization and self-development of students’ psychological traits in the academic group. One of the possible ways to solve the problem is to use the mathematical theory of dynamic systems to determine the attractors of the development stages of university students’ agency. The purpose of the study presented in the article is to substantiate application of the theory of complex dynamic systems in modeling development stages of university students’ agency. Hypothesis of the study: the theory of complex dynamic systems is applicable to modeling the development stages of university students’ agency. Approbation of the theory of dynamical systems was carried out in the course of a longitudinal study in four groups of 1st to 4th year full-time students (N = 79; M = 19.6; SD = 2.4 years; 100% women). The study revealed that the development stages of university students’ agency have one stable stationary state. The interval between two measurements was 28 weeks. The most common attractors are found in the “learner” and “master” stages. We revealed two stable states in the stages in the second-year students’ group. The stages indicate presence of micro groups with different levels of manifestation of development stages of agency, which are characterized by the phenomenon of self-organization in the academic group. The applied aspect of the study is to create a dynamic model of the stages of university students’ agency development in a separate academic group. The research showed prospects of applying the dynamic systems theory combined with the ecopsychological approach.
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Garvey, Elisa, Shawn Dent, Cari Ishida, Steve McDonald, LeAnne Hamilton, and Ryan Shaw. "Supporting Implementation of Sustainability Concepts using a System-Wide Modeling Approach - Inland Empire Utilities Agency Case Study." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, no. 12 (January 1, 2008): 4432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864708788752070.
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KALOTAY, ANDREW, DEANE YANG, and FRANK J. FABOZZI. "AN OPTION-THEORETIC PREPAYMENT MODEL FOR MORTGAGES AND MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 07, no. 08 (December 2004): 949–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024904002785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We introduce a new approach for modeling the prepayments of a mortgage pool and show how it can be used to value mortgage pools and agency mortgage-backed securities. We describe the full spectrum of refinancing behavior using a notion of refinancing efficiency. Our approach has two distinguishing features: (1) our primary focus is on understanding the market value of a mortgage, in contrast with standard models that strive (often unsuccessfully) to predict future cash flows, and (2) we use two separate yield curves, one for modeling mortgage cash flows and the other for MBS cash flows.
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Fischer, Michael J., Maren L. Outwater, Lihung Luke Cheng, Dike N. Ahanotu, and Robert Calix. "Innovative Framework for Modeling Freight Transportation in Los Angeles County, California." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1906, no. 1 (January 2005): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190600113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Freight transportation is a critical element of the transportation system and the economy of Los Angeles County, California. Freight transportation links the large consumer market, major manufacturing industry sector, and international trade network of Los Angeles to the rest of the United States and the world. As the agency responsible for transportation planning and programming in Los Angeles County, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority needs comprehensive tools for understanding the demands of the freight transportation sector and the effects of transportation investment on this sector. A project was undertaken to design a comprehensive, innovative, multimodal modeling framework to support freight transportation decision making in Los Angeles County. The proposed modeling approach combines elements of two state-of-the-art freight modeling techniques: logistics chain modeling and tour-based truck modeling. The reasons for selecting this approach are described; background on the modeling techniques is provided; and integration of the two methods into a comprehensive modeling framework is discussed.
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Lopes, Sílvia, Maria José Chambel, and Francisco Cesário. "Linking perceptions of organizational support to temporary agency workers’ well-being." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 1376–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-08-2018-1502.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This research focused on agency work. Previous studies highlighted the importance of motivations to understand workers’ attitudes, behaviors and well-being. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the contribution of perceptions of support from organizations to autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment, the relationship of motivations with workers’ well-being and the mediating role of motivations between perceptions of organizational support (POS) and workers’ well-being. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses were tested with a sample of 3,983 temporary agency workers and using structural equation modeling. Findings The authors verified that POS from the agency contributed to both autonomous motivation and controlled motivation for temporary agency employment, whereas POS from the client company only contributed to autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment. Moreover, autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment was positively associated with workers’ well-being. Contrary to expectations, controlled motivation for temporary agency employment was not significantly associated with workers’ well-being. As predicted, autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment was a mediator in the relationship between POS and workers’ well-being. Research limitations/implications The study relies on self-reported data, and it does not have a longitudinal design. Practical implications An important implication of this research study is that organizations, through the support provided to the workers, may contribute positively to increase workers’ autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment, and, in turn, more autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment relates to higher levels of workers’ well-being. Originality/value The study innovates by including in the same model variables that may contribute to workers’ motivation for temporary agency employment as well as the outcomes that may arise from workers’ motivation for temporary agency employment.
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Chang, Kuo-Chien. "How travel agency reputation creates recommendation behavior." Industrial Management & Data Systems 115, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 332–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-09-2014-0265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of travel agency’s reputation on customer recommendation behavior by examining the mediating effects of customer-perceived functional and emotional value as well as the moderating effects of tour leader performance and customer flow experience in the travel agency sector. Design/methodology/approach – A statistical analysis of the collected questionnaires was computed based on the 463 usable responses from Taiwan tourists who joining the group package tours traveling to China. Structural equation modeling is the essential analysis methodology used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the variables. Findings – The analysis results confirm that reputation has positive effects on customers recommendation behaviors in which perceived functional and emotional value work as necessary mediating roles. Nevertheless, the effect of reputation through emotional value on customer recommendation behavior provides a much better explanation than through functional value in the model. In addition, regarding the variables of tour leader performance and customer flow experience in the model, only the tour leader performance is confirmed that moderates the relationships among reputation, perceived value, and customer recommendation behavior. According to the findings, managerial implications are discussed as well. Originality/value – This study develops a conceptual stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model that, reflecting the mediating role of perceived value and the moderating role of tour leader performance, indicates the effect of reputation on customer recommendation behavior.
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Sahudi, Benyamin Harits, and Iwan Satibi. "The Influence of Controlling System and Organizational Structuring Towards Employee Performance." International Journal of Science and Society 2, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v2i1.78.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research starts from the fundamental problems of low performance of employees at the Agency of Empowerment of Community and Village, Nation Unity and Politics at City of Banjar. Its thought to have been came by Controling System and Organizational Structuring towards Employee Performance at the Agency of Empowerment of Community and Village, Nation Unity and Politics at City of Banjar, not yet implemented. The approach in this study refers to the context of the theory of Controling System and Organizational Structuring also Employee Performance as part of the scope of Public Administration. The method of research used explanatory survey with technical analysis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), while the population is Agency of Empowerment of Community and Village, Nation Unity and Politics at City of Banjar. The results of the study showed the need for further research on the optimization of the increasing influence of Controling System and Organizational Structuring on Employee Performance at the Agency of Empowerment of Community and Village, Nation Unity and Politics at City of Banjar, viewed from the perspective of Public Administration. This is indicated by the existence of other variables that influence the Employee Performance at the Agency of Empowerment of Community and Village, Nation Unity and Politics at City of Banjar.
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Somantri, Agus S., Prima Luna, and Irpan Badrul Kamal. "STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI BERAS MELALUI PENEKANAN SUSUT PANEN DAN PASCAPANEN DENGAN PENDEKATAN SISTEM MODELING: STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU, JAWA BARAT." Informatika Pertanian 25, no. 2 (December 8, 2016): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ip.v25n2.2016.p249-260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Paddy loss during harvest and postharvest handling is a complicated system involving many elements, and they are inter-connected. Therefore, to overcome these issues, appropriate and sustainable strategies should be implemented. The purpose of this study was to analyze the leverage factors that can overcome the problems of post-harvest losses of rice by a dynamic system approach as a basis in formulating policy strategy. This research was conducted in Indramayu, West Java, from January to December 2012. The methodology used in this research was modelling system approach. Primary data collection was conducted by a questionnaire survey and interviews with stakeholders and farmers as respondents. Secondary data collection was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics Centre (Jakarta) and regional (West Java), Regional Agriculture Services, Regional Industrial and Trade Services, Regional Population and Civil Registration Agency, Center for Agricultural and Food Security Agency. The results showed that the reduction of rice losses could be approached in two ways: technical approach and cultural approach. The technical approach could be developed by implementing a quality management system such as GHP and GMP, while the cultural approach could be implemented by creating new jobs. Application of the quality system would also encourage the revitalization in rice milling so that it would increase the yield, and so the application of the quality management system would contribute greatly to the production of dry unhulled rice as well as rice in Indramayu. The implementation of this strategy must consider the ability and readiness of the district, so that the strategies could be more realistic and easier to be implemented. The simulation results showed that the implementation of the strategy by using harvest and postharvest equipments to be accompanied by the implementation of GHP and GMP, may decrease shrinkage ranging from 5.58% to 10.14%, or the equivalent of rescuing MPD from 61,240 to 115,859 tons in 2020.</p>
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McGrath, Jenna. "Will Updated Electricity Infrastructure Security Protect the Grid? A Case Study Modeling Electrical Substation Attacks." Infrastructures 3, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures3040053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As targeted attacks continue to threaten electricity infrastructure, the North American Electricity Reliability Corporation (NERC) and private utilities companies are revising and updating the physical and cybersecurity standards for grid infrastructure in the United States (U.S.). Using information collected about past physical attacks, feasible physical and cyber-physical attacks are modeled against the proposed updated security standards for a U.S.-based generic electric substation. Utilizing the software program Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS), a series of increasingly sophisticated physical attacks are simulated on the substation, as are a set of cyber-enabled physical attacks. The purpose of this study is to determine which of the security upgrades will be most effective at mitigating damages to the electrical infrastructure from an attack. The findings indicate that some of the utility and agency-proposed security measures are more effective than others. Specifically, additional barriers around the substation and physical armored protection of transformers are most effective at mitigating damages from attacks. In contrast, increased lighting at the substation and reducing the surrounding foliage are not as effective. This case study demonstrates a modeling analysis approach to testing the efficacy of physical security measures that can assist in utility and agency decision-making for critical infrastructure security.
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Stempel, Peter, Isaac Ginis, David Ullman, Austin Becker, and Robert Witkop. "Real-Time Chronological Hazard Impact Modeling." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 6, no. 4 (November 10, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The potential of using ADvanced CIRCulation model (ADCIRC) to assess the time incremented progression of hazard impacts on individual critical facilities has long been recognized but is not well described. As ADCIRC is applied to create granular impact models, the lack of transparency in the methods is problematic. It becomes difficult to evaluate the entire system in situations where modeling integrates different types of data (e.g., hydrodynamic and existing geospatial point data) and involves multiple disciplines and stakeholders. When considering increased interest in combining hydrodynamic models, existing geospatial information, and advanced visualizations it is necessary to increase transparency and identify the pitfalls that arise out of this integration (e.g., the inadequacy of data to support the resolution of proposed outputs). This paper thus describes an all numerical method to accomplish this integration. It provides an overview of the generation of the hydrodynamic model, describes the all numerical method utilized to model hazard impacts, identifies pitfalls that arise from the integration of existing geospatial data with the hydrodynamic model, and describes an approach to developing a credible basis for determining impacts at a granular scale. The paper concludes by reflecting on the implementation of these methods as part of a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Integrated Emergency Management Training Course (IEMC) and identifies the need to further study the effects of integrated models and visualizations on risk perception.
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Woldeyohanes, Tesfaye, Arnim Kuhn, Thomas Heckelei, and Lalisa Duguma. "Modeling Non-Cooperative Water Use in River Basins." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 8269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conventional water use and management models have mostly emulated purposefully designed water use systems where centralized governance and rule-based cooperation of agents are assumed. However, water use systems, whether actively governed or not, involve multiple, independent decision makers with diverse and often conflicting interests. In the absence of adequate water management institutions to effectively coordinate decision processes on water use, water users’ behaviors are rather likely to be non-cooperative, meaning that actions by individual users generate externalities and lead to sub-optimal water use efficiency. The objective of this review is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of recently proposed modeling systems dealing with non-cooperative water use regarding their ability to realistically represent the features of complex hydrological and socioeconomic processes and their tractability in terms of modeling tools and computational efficiency. For that purpose, we conducted a systematic review of 47 studies that address non-cooperative water use in decentralized modeling approaches. Even though such a decentralized approach should aim to model decisions by individual water users in non-cooperative water use, we find that most studies assumed the presence of a coordinating agency or market in their model. It also turns out that most of these models employed a solution procedure that sequentially solved independent economic decisions based on pre-defined conditions and heuristics, while only few modeling approaches offered simultaneous solution algorithms. We argue that this approach cannot adequately capture economic trade-offs in resource allocation, in contrast to models with simultaneous solution procedures.
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Cegan, Jeffrey C., Benjamin D. Trump, Matthew D. Joyner, PhD, Kaitlin M. Volk, Melissa A. Surette, Jonathan P. Garrett, Susan M. Cibulsky, Gary Kleinman, W. Russell Webster, and Igor Linkov. "A systems approach for resources management during the COVID-19 pandemic: Multi-agency perspectives from New England." Journal of Emergency Management 18, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The emergence of COVID-19 in the United States has overwhelmed local hospitals, produced shortages in critical protective supplies for medical staff, and created backlogs in burials and cremations. Because systemic disruptions occur most acutely at a local scale, facilitating resource coordination across a broad region can assist local responses to COVID-19 surges. This article describes a structured systems approach for coordinating COVID-19 resource distribution across the six New England states of the United States. The framework combines modeling tools to anticipate resource shortages in medical supplies, personnel needs, and fatality management for individual states. The approach allows decision makers to understand the magnitude of local outbreaks and equitably allocate resources within a region based on the present and future needs. This model contributed to determining material distribution in New England as the 2020 COVID-19 surges unfolded in the spring and fall seasons. Using a systems analysis, the model demonstrates the translation of anticipated COVID-19 cases into resource demands to enable regional coordination of scarce resources.
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Benmoussa, N., A. Elyamami, K. Mansouri, M. Qbadou, and E. Illoussamen. "A Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach for Enhancing University Accreditation Process." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 1 (February 16, 2019): 3726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2352.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is an attempt to provide an accreditation training process model by the criteria established by the National Agency for Evaluation and Quality Assurance of Higher Education and Training. The aim is to minimize rejection returns or revisions of the training record. The main feature of our contribution is the use of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches for calculating the suitability of proposed courses. Therefore, our contribution will is concretized by the analysis of various decision support multi-criteria methods, the modeling of the general accreditation process of university courses, the development of a risk management matrix concerning the launch of new courses and the application of TOPSIS (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) on a sample of courses according to internal and external criteria, collected during interviews in Moroccan universities. Result analysis shows that the proposed model allows a better prioritization of training and thus avoids the abrupt closure of courses because of lack of material or human resources.
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Fitria, Lulu Mari, and Septiana Fathurrohmah. "DROUGHT HAZARD CHARACTERISTIC USING SOIL MOISTURE DEFICIT INDEX MODELLING." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 5, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.5.1.91-100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drought happen when the rainfall decreases in the extreme condition for long period of time (above normal). Drought hazard mapping can be analyzed by various approaches, like environmental approach, ecological approach, hydrological approach, meteorological approach, geological approach, agricultural approach, and many other. Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (in Indonesia a.k.a BMKG) measures the drought hazard by utilizing Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)The comparison of rainfall rate through SPI has positive correlation with drought type, for example SPI 3 indicates agricultural drought; while SPI 6, SPI 9 and SPI 12 indicate hydrological drought. The analysis of drought hazard level also can be done using soil moisture level measurement. Soil moisture is the result of water shortages in the hydroclimatological concept. Soil moisture analysis utilizes several influenced variables, such as soil water, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and percolation. Each of variables was analyzed using GIS as a method of soil moisture modeling. Drought index level analysis is using soil moisture deficit index, which indicates that drought occurs if the index score less than (-0.5). Some assumptions used in this modeling are both SMDI modeling using WHC (Water Holding Capacity) and without using WHC. This modeling used medium term analysis during 2007-2012 to prove the occurrence of extreme drought on 2009 and 2012 for measurement of drought level in agriculture area. Based on SMDI, it is known that the dangers of SMDI drought have positive correlation to SPI 3, SPI 6, SPI 9, and SPI 12, where SPI is in accordance with the interpretation of meteorolgy, agriculture, and hydrological drought indices.
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Magno, Francesca, Fabio Cassia, and Attilio Bruni. "Adoption and impact of marketing performance assessment systems among travel agencies." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 29, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 1133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2015-0328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess whether travel agencies that implement comprehensive marketing performance assessment systems (MPASs) enjoy superior overall performance. Drawing on the knowledge-based view, the authors propose and test a model demonstrating that the relationship between MPASs and overall performance is fully mediated by the depth of market-related knowledge absorbed by the travel agency. Design/methodology/approach A survey was administered to a sample of Italian travel agencies; 171 complete questionnaires were received. The suggested relationships were assessed using a covariance-based structural equation modeling approach, including the estimation of both the measurement model and the structural model. Findings The findings indicate that the implementation of sophisticated MPASs has a significant and positive effect on performance and that this relationship is fully mediated by the depth of market-related knowledge absorbed by the travel agency. In addition, the results highlight that the number of marketing metrics monitored by the travel agency has no effect on its performance. Research limitations/implications The specific features of the travel agency sector in Italy include a remarkable level of fragmentation. The cross-sectional design does not permit an assessment of the medium-term effects of the adoption of an MPAS. Practical implications Travel agencies selecting proactive marketing strategies can particularly benefit from the adoption of sophisticated MPASs. Suggestions are provided to assist managers in designing their MPAS. Originality/value This study enriches the field’s knowledge about marketing performance measurement and proactive marketing strategies, and indicates that the implementation of well-designed MPASs improves a firm’s overall performance. It also explains the knowledge-related processes that produce this positive effect.
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Bai, Yun, Saeed Babanajad, and Zheyong Bian. "Transportation infrastructure asset management modeling using Markov decision process under epistemic uncertainties." Smart and Resilient Transport 3, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srt-11-2020-0026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Transportation infrastructure asset management has long been an active but challenging problem for agencies, which urges to maintain a good state of their assets but faces budgetary limitations. Managing a network of transportation infrastructure assets, especially when the number is large, is a multifaceted challenge. This paper aims to develop a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) based transportation infrastructure asset management analytical framework to study the impacts of a few key parameters/factors on deterioration and life-cycle cost. Using the bridge as an example infrastructure type, the framework incorporates an optimization model for optimizing maintenance, repair, rehabilitation (MR&R) and replacement decisions in a finite planning horizon. Design/methodology/approach The analytical framework is further developed through a series of model variations, scenario and sensitivity analysis, simulation processes and numerical experiments to show the impacts of various parameters/factors and draw managerial insights. One notable analysis is to explicitly model the epistemic uncertainties of infrastructure deterioration models, which have been overlooked in previous research. The proposed methodology can be adapted to different types of assets for solving general asset management and capital planning problems. Findings The experiments and case studies revealed several findings. First, the authors showed the importance of the deterioration model parameter (i.e. Markov transition probability). Inaccurate information of p will lead to suboptimal solutions and results in excessive total cost. Second, both agency cost and user cost of a single facility will have significant impacts on the system cost and correlation between them also influences the system cost. Third, the optimal budget can be found and the system cost is tolerant to budge variations within a certain range. Four, the model minimizes the total cost by optimizing the allocation of funds to bridges weighing the trade-off between user and agency costs. Originality/value On the path forward to develop the next generation of bridge management systems methodologies, the authors make an exploration of incorporating the epistemic uncertainties of the stochastic deterioration models into bridge MR&R capital planning and decision-making. The authors propose an optimization approach that does not only incorporate the inherent stochasticity of bridge deterioration but also considers the epistemic uncertainties and variances of the model parameters of Markovian transition probabilities due to data errors or modeling processes.
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Lewis, Armanda. "Modeling the Humanities: Data Lessons from the World of Education." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 10, no. 1 (March 2016): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2016.0159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article will explore advances in the field of educational data modeling that have implications for modeling humanistic data. Traditional humanistic inquiry, bolstered by micro-analyses conducted by the scholar, has made way for machine-assisted methods that parse and quantify large amounts of qualitative data to reveal possible trends and focus more analogue approaches. At best, this play between human- and machine-directed approaches can lead to more profound explorations of texts. In this exploration of qualitative-quantitative methodologies that leverage human agency and machine-directed techniques, I suggest a mixed methods approach for dealing with the humanities. Specifically, this discussion will analyze the current methodological tensions related to Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics to reveal best practices for modeling humanistic data. Principle questions of interest in this essay include: What defines literary “big” data? How can we define DH modeling and where does it depart from traditional data modeling? What role does machine-based modeling have in the context of the scholarly close read? What can we learn from educational data modeling practices that are in the midst of resolving tensions between human-machine patterning?
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Jacobs Jr, Michael, Ahmet K. Karagozoglu, and Dina Naples Layish. "Credit risk signals in CDS market vs agency ratings." Journal of Risk Finance 17, no. 2 (March 21, 2016): 194–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-07-2015-0070.
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Purpose This research aims to model the relationship between the credit risk signals in the credit default swap (CDS) market and agency credit ratings, and determines the factors that help explain the variation in such signals. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive analysis of the differences in the relative credit risk assessments of CDS-based risk signals and agency ratings is provided. It is shown that the divergence between credit risk signals in the CDS market and agency ratings is explained by factors which the rating agencies may consider differently than credit market participants. Findings The results suggest that agency credit ratings of relative riskiness of a reference entity do not always correspond with assessments by CDS spreads, as the price of risk is a function of additional macro and micro factors that can be explained using statistical analysis. Originality/value This research is unique in modeling the relationship between the credit risk assessments of the CDS market and the agency ratings, which to the best of the authors' knowledge has not been analyzed before in terms of their agreement and the level of discrepancy between them. This model can be used by investors in debt instruments that are not explicitly CDSs or which have illiquid CDS contracts, to replicate market-based, point-in-time credit risk signals. Based on both market-based and firm-specific factors in this model, the results can be used to augment through-the-cycle credit risk assessments, analyze issues surrounding the pricing of CDSs and examine the policies of credit rating agencies.
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Gadanidis, George. "Artificial intelligence, computational thinking, and mathematics education." International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 34, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-09-2016-0048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI), computational thinking (CT), and mathematics education (ME) for young students (K-8). Specifically, it focuses on three key elements that are common to AI, CT and ME: agency, modeling of phenomena and abstracting concepts beyond specific instances. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical framework of this paper adopts a sociocultural perspective where knowledge is constructed in interactions with others (Vygotsky, 1978). Others also refers to the multiplicity of technologies that surround us, including both the digital artefacts of our new media world, and the human methods and specialized processes acting in the world. Technology is not simply a tool for human intention. It is an actor in the cognitive ecology of immersive humans-with-technology environments (Levy, 1993, 1998) that supports but also disrupts and reorganizes human thinking (Borba and Villarreal, 2005). Findings There is fruitful overlap between AI, CT and ME that is of value to consider in mathematics education. Originality/value Seeing ME through the lenses of other disciplines and recognizing that there is a significant overlap of key elements reinforces the importance of agency, modeling and abstraction in ME and provides new contexts and tools for incorporating them in classroom practice.
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Cesta, Amedeo, Gabriella Cortellessa, Simone Fratini, Angelo Oddi, and Giulio Bernardi. "Deploying Interactive Mission Planning Tools- Experiences and Lessons Learned -." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 8 (October 20, 2011): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p1149.
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This article contains a retrospective overview of connected work performed for the European Space Agency (ESA) over a span of 10 years. We have been creating and refining an AI approach to problem solving and have infused a series of deployed planning and scheduling systems which have innovated the agency’s mission planning practice. The goal of this paper is to identify strong features of this experience, comment on general lessons learned and offer guidelines for work practice of the future. Specifically, the work considers some key points that have contributed to strengthening the effectiveness of our approach for the development of an end-to-end methodology to field applications: the attention to domain modeling, the constraint-based algorithm synthesis and the relevance of user interaction services.
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Kumar, Eeshan, Dharmendra Saraswat, and Gurdeep Singh. "Comparative Analysis of Bioenergy Crop Impacts on Water Quality Using Static and Dynamic Land Use Change Modeling Approach." Water 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020410.
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Researchers and federal and state agency officials have long been interested in evaluating location-specific impact of bioenergy energy crops on water quality for developing policy interventions. This modeling study examines long-term impact of giant miscanthus and switchgrass on water quality in the Cache River Watershed (CRW) in Arkansas, United States. The bioenergy crops were simulated on marginal lands using two variants of a Soil and Watershed Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The first SWAT variant was developed using a static (single) land-use layer (regular-SWAT) and for the second, a dynamic land-use change feature was used with multiple land use layers (location-SWAT). Results indicated that the regular-SWAT predicted larger losses for sediment, total phosphorus and total nitrogen when compared to location-SWAT at the watershed outlet. The lower predicted losses from location-SWAT were attributed to its ability to vary marginal land area between 3% and 11% during the 20-year modeling period as opposed to the regular-SWAT that used a fixed percentage of marginal land area (8%) throughout the same period. Overall, this study demonstrates that environmental impacts of bioenergy crops were better assessed using the dynamic land-use representation approach, which would eliminate any unintended prediction bias in the model due to the use of a single land use layer.
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Kwon, Moonhyuk, Hyun-Han Kwon, and Dawei Han. "A Hybrid Approach Combining Conceptual Hydrological Models, Support Vector Machines and Remote Sensing Data for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111801.
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Understanding catchment response to rainfall events is important for accurate runoff estimation in many water-related applications, including water resources management. This study introduced a hybrid model, the Tank-least squared support vector machine (LSSVM), that incorporated intermediate state variables from a conceptual tank model within the least squared support vector machine (LSSVM) framework in order to describe aspects of the rainfall-runoff (RR) process. The efficacy of the Tank-LSSVM model was demonstrated with hydro-meteorological data measured in the Yongdam Catchment between 2007 and 2016, South Korea. We first explored the role of satellite soil moisture (SM) data (i.e., European Space Agency (ESA) CCI) in the rainfall-runoff modeling. The results indicated that the SM states inferred from the ESA CCISWI provided an effective means of describing the temporal dynamics of SM. Further, the Tank-LSSVM model’s ability to simulate daily runoff was assessed by using goodness of fit measures (i.e., root mean square error, Nash Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE), and coefficient of determination). The Tank-LSSVM models’ NSE were all classified as “very good” based on their performance during the training and testing periods. Compared to individual LSSVM and Tank models, improved daily runoff simulations were seen in the proposed Tank-LSSVM model. In particular, low flow simulations demonstrated the improvement of the Tank-LSSVM model compared to the conventional tank model.
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Adekunle, Simon Ayo, and Olamitunji Dakare. "Sustainable manufacturing practices and performance of the Nigerian table water industry: a structural equation modeling approach." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 4 (June 2, 2020): 1003–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-11-2019-0255.
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PurposeThis study empirically examined and investigated the relationship between sustainable manufacturing practices (SMPs) and performance of table water industry (TWI) in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional survey research design was adopted for this study. The population of this study covers all the registered table water firms in Delta and Edo states by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Convenience sampling, a nonprobability sampling method, was used in administering the questionnaire to selected table water firms in the two states used for the study. The sample can be considered as experimental group used for the research and analysis. Data collected through questionnaire administration were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in estimating the research models, through the use of Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS version 24) software.FindingsThe study found that SMPs are adopted by table water firms registered by NAFDAC. It was also found that sustainable packaging and waste management significantly influence the different dimensions of sustainable performance of table water firms.Practical implicationsThe study recommends that table water producers should ensure they consistently adhere to NAFDAC standards after product registration and certification to make the products safe for consumption. Also, NAFDAC should promote a regulatory environment with appropriate incentives to table water firms that consistently comply with stipulated regulations that can promote the sustainability of the environment while any table water firms found engaging in unwholesome activities that can undermine the health status of consumers should be severely sanctioned.Originality/valueThe study provides a comprehensive analysis of sustainability practices in the Nigerian TWI by examining four manufacturing practices and how they impact on sustainability performance of the industry. The study will help to reinforce the need for stakeholders in the TWI to be more environmentally conscious.
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Rauen, Fábio José. "Intention and Goal-Conciliation." Revista Memorare 7, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/memorare.v7e2202027-43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I analyze in this study potentialities of modeling communicative interactions assuming one can conceive processes of ostensive communication as converting practical intentions into informative and communicative intentions. So, one can only achieve collaboratively a practical intention through the recognition the speaker intends to make mutually manifest or more manifest certain set of assumptions by overtly or communicative ostensible stimuli. Firstly, I present the goal-conciliation abductive-deductive architecture in the case of self-conciliation, then I discuss a case of collaborative heteroconciliation, and finally, I draw some considerations about intention in the light of an approach to communication as a proactive agency.
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Stein, Guido, and Javier Capapé. "Factors of CEO failure: Mapping the debate." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 1 (2011): 9–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i1art1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The failure of the CEO has been studied at great length in the literature. We order and classify the factors that lead to CEO failure into those a CEO can influence (endogenous) and those that are given (exogenous). The absence of unanimity in the literature leads us to conclude that insufficient attention has been paid to the main factor: the personal characteristics of CEOs. The agency approach and method are insufficient to understand leadership performance in organizations, due to the oversimplified view of human nature on which they are based and their heavy reliance on mathematical modeling.
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Mande, Bashir. "How Use of knowledge, Skills and Cognition Enhance Board Performance in Nigerian market: A SEM-Approach." Issues In Social And Environmental Accounting 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.22164/isea.v7i3.107.
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This research aims to take steps towards explaining behavioral principle-based board process as factors for effective board performance. Dominant rule-based board structure approach could not transform effective corporate functioning, thus inconclusive. Based on a survey perception of 154 respondents from Nigerian capital market participants, the study employs confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Other studies used EFA and in developed nations. Replicates and builds upon board process constructs - cognitive conflict, effort norms, use of knowledge and skills, and groupthink. The study concludes that the items are valid measures of the latent constructs and significantly relate to board performance. The paper links corporate governance debates to broader behavioral choices in agency perspective and employs CFA and SEM as alternative approach for the measurement and structural models, in place of the usual exploratory factor analysis (EFA). <br /><br />
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Mahamood, Siti Zati Hanani, and Mohamad Syazli Fathi. "Seismic building design work process using building information modeling (BIM) technology for Malaysian Government projects." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 13, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-10-2021-0135.
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Purpose This paper aims to improve the seismic building design (SBD) work process for Malaysian Government projects. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were virtually conducted to a small sample size of internal and external stakeholders from the Malaysian Government technical agency. There were seven of them, comprising Structural Engineers, an Architect, a Quantity Surveyor and consultants-linked government projects. The respondents have at least five years of experience in building design and construction. Findings The paper evaluates the current SBD work process in the government technical agency. There were four main elements that appear to need to be improved, specifically in the design stage: limitations in visualization, variation of works, data management and coordination. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to Malaysian Government building projects and covered a small sample size. Therefore, further research is recommended to extend to other government agencies or ministries to obtain better results. Furthermore, the findings and proposal for improvements to the SBD work process can also be replicated for other similar disasters resilience projects. Practical implications The findings and proposal for improvements to the SBD work process can also be replicated for other similar disasters resilience projects. Social implications This study was limited to government building projects and covered a small sample size. Therefore, further research is recommended to extend to other government agencies or ministries to obtain better results. Furthermore, the findings and proposal for improvements to the SBD work process can also be replicated for other similar disasters resilience projects. Originality/value This study provides an initial step to introduce the potential of building information modeling for SBD in implementing Malaysian Government projects. It will be beneficial both pre-and post-disaster and is a significant step toward a resilient infrastructure and community.
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Mukhin, А. А. "THE USE OF COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN MODELING PRODUCTION PROCESSES." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 30, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2020-30-6-822-829.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several alternative economic approaches to the study of organization are discussed in the literature: the neoclassical theory, the theory of transaction costs (the theory of specific assets), the theory of incomplete contracts (the theory of property rights), and the Agency theory (the theory of incentives). Recently, there have been approaches at the intersection of Economics and management: resource theory, knowledge theory, strategic theory, entrepreneurial theory; in the framework of sociology: network theory, the theory of resource dependence, the theory of institutional isomorphism, the theory of situational choice, the theory of strategic choice. The article deals with the basic model of neoclassical theory. The advantage of the neoclassical theory is that it emphasizes the role of technology in General and economies of scale in particular as factors that influence the size of production, turnover of organizations. Within the framework of the considered approach, a certain macrostructure is determined that carries out the costs of economic resources: fixed assets, the number of employees that affect the turnover of organizations. The task of rational economic management, which meets the Udmurt Republic, is to determine the forecast of turnover of organizations with the given resources and to calculate the necessary for its value of fixed assets, the number of employees.
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Bachman, William, Wayne Sarasua, and Randall Guensler. "Geographic Information System Framework for Modeling Mobile-Source Emissions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1551, no. 1 (January 1996): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155100116.
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Because vehicle activities and the emissions associated with them can be correlated with specific points in time and space, the modeling capabilities of a geographic information system (GIS) are well suited to the modeling of mobile-source emissions. A GIS-based modeling approach can provide emissions estimates for both on-network and off-network vehicle activities on a modal basis (as a function of various vehicle operating modes that significantly affect vehicle emission rates). An entire metropolitan region can be modeled on a zone, link, and point basis. Vehicle subfleet composition can be tracked or estimated and combined with estimates of vehicle activity and characteristic operating modes to provide emissions estimates in a spatial and temporal context. Emissions from various modal activities are aggregated into grid cells to be used as input to an airshed model. Identifying spatial and temporal distributions of these activities adds to a greater understanding of emissions impacts. A research prototype of this modeling concept was produced to illustrate its capabilities and identify difficulties that must be addressed in the development of a fully functional model. The GIS-based displays and hard-copy maps that present the spatial variability of emissions levels help improve the communication of research findings to decision makers and the public. The effort being undertaken at Georgia Institute of Technology in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency to develop a next-generation modal emissions model within a GIS framework is described.
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Söderlund, Magnus, and Eeva-Liisa Oikarinen. "Service encounters with virtual agents: an examination of perceived humanness as a source of customer satisfaction." European Journal of Marketing 55, no. 13 (May 6, 2021): 94–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2019-0748.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Firms have begun to introduce virtual agents (VAs) in service encounters, both in online and offline environments. Such VAs typically resemble human frontline employees in several ways (e.g. the VAs may have a gender and a name), which indicates the presence of an assumption by VA designers – and by firms that employ them – that VA humanness is a positively charged characteristic. This study aims to address this assumption by examining antecedents to perceived humanness in terms of attribution of agency, emotionality and morality, and the impact of perceived humanness on customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was distributed online to participants who had been interacting with existing VAs, and they were asked to focus on one of them for this study. The questionnaire comprised measures of antecedents to perceived humanness of VAs, perceived humanness per se and customer satisfaction. A structural equation modeling approach was used to assess associations between the variables. Findings Attributions of agency, emotionality and morality to VAs contributed positively to the perceived humanness of the VAs, and perceived humanness was positively associated with customer satisfaction. Research limitations/implications Additional humanness capabilities should be explored in further research. Practical implications Firms using VAs in service encounters should make attempts to maximize perceived VA humanness, and this study shows that it may be beneficial if such attempts comprise signals that VAs have agency, emotionality and morality. Originality/value By examining VAs in terms of a set of fundamental human capabilities, the present study contributes to existing research on human–VA service encounters, which to date has focused on more superficial VA characteristics (such as if the VA has a face and gender).
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Yolles, Maurice, and B. Roy Frieden. "Autopoiesis and Its Efficacy—A Metacybernetic View." Systems 9, no. 4 (October 25, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9040075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper seeks to explain the nature of autopoiesis and its capacity to be efficacious, and to do this, it uses agency theory as embedded in metacybernetics. Agency, as a generalised intelligent adaptive living system, can anticipate the future once it has internalised a representation of an active contextual situation through autopoiesis. The role of observation and the nature of internalisation will be discussed, explaining that the latter has two states that determine agency properties of cognition. These are assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is an information process and results in implicit cognition and recognition, whereas accommodation uses assimilated information delivering explicit cognition, recognition, and conscious awareness with rationality. Similarly, anticipation, a required property of the living, has two states, weak and strong, and these correspond to the two states of internalisation. Autopoiesis has various properties identifiable through the lenses of three autonomous but configurable schemas: General Collective Intelligence (GCI), Eigenform, and Extreme Physical Information (EPI). GCI is a pragmatic evolutionary approach concerned with a contextually connected purposeful and relatable set of task processes, each undertaken by a team of subagencies seeking collective fitness. Eigenform is a symbolic approach that is concerned with how observations can be suitably internalised and thus be used as a token to determine future behaviour, and how that which has been internalised can be adopted to anticipate the future. Extreme Physical Information (EPI) is an empirical approach concerned with acquiring information through observation of an unknown parameter through sampling regimes. The paper represents the conceptualisations of each schema in terms of autopoietic efficacy, and explores their configurative possibilities. It will adopt the ideas delivered to enhance explanations of the nature of autopoiesis and its efficacy within metacybernetics, providing a shift in thinking about autopoiesis and self-organisation.
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Nguyen, Le Khanh Ngan, Itamar Megiddo, and Susan Howick. "Hybrid simulation modelling of networks of heterogeneous care homes and the inter-facility spread of Covid-19 by sharing staff." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): e1009780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009780.
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Although system dynamics [SD] and agent-based modelling [ABM] have individually served as effective tools to understand the Covid-19 dynamics, combining these methods in a hybrid simulation model can help address Covid-19 questions and study systems and settings that are difficult to study with a single approach. To examine the spread and outbreak of Covid-19 across multiple care homes via bank/agency staff and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions targeting this group, we develop an integrated hybrid simulation model combining the advantages of SD and ABM. We also demonstrate how we use several approaches adapted from both SD and ABM practices to build confidence in this model in response to the lack of systematic approaches to validate hybrid models. Our modelling results show that the risk of infection for residents in care homes using bank/agency staff was significantly higher than those not using bank/agency staff (Relative risk [RR] 2.65, 95% CI 2.57–2.72). Bank/agency staff working across several care homes had a higher risk of infection compared with permanent staff working in a single care home (RR 1.55, 95%CI 1.52–1.58). The RR of infection for residents is negatively correlated to bank/agency staff’s adherence to weekly PCR testing. Within a network of heterogeneous care homes, using bank/agency staff had the most impact on care homes with lower intra-facility transmission risks, higher staff-to-resident ratio, and smaller size. Forming bubbles of care homes had no or limited impact on the spread of Covid-19. This modelling study has implications for policy makers considering developing effective interventions targeting staff working across care homes during the ongoing and future pandemics.
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Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, and ATM Adnan. "Determinant Factors of Dividend Policy Using a Structural Equation Modeling Approach: A Study of the Banking Sector of Bangladesh." Oblik i finansi, no. 1(95) (2022): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2022-1(95)-49-58.
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One of the most controversial problems of modern corporate finance is the dividend policy, which can be described as a trade-off between the size of retained earnings and the amount of securities issued. When deciding on a dividend policy, firms take several aspects into account. The current study looks at the elements that influence banks’ dividend distribution decisions. A panel dataset of 22 banks listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) from FY 1999 to 2018 was used for the empirical analysis. The results are inferred using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show that retained earnings, leverage, and size are important factors in determining dividend payouts, whereas earnings per share, cash flow, sales growth, liquidity, institutional ownership, sponsor ownership, individual ownership, risk, age, relative tax, return on assets, investment opportunity, and retained earnings are insignificant while taking dividend decision. The findings also support the notion that dividend payouts have reduced the agency problem and that management utilizes them as a signaling device. Furthermore, the findings show that the majority of dividend policy theories that are traditionally based on developed markets can be applied to emerging market countries like Bangladesh, because the majority of the characteristics found to be important in determining dividend policies in Bangladesh are consistent with those established in developed economies. This study's findings can be used by financial managers and policymakers to make proper dividend decisions. They can also assist investors in making portfolio selections based on sectoral dividend payment patterns.
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Ermoliev, Yuri, Anatolij G. Zagorodny, Vjacheslav L. Bogdanov, Tatiana Ermolieva, Petr Havlik, Elena Rovenskaya, Nadejda Komendantova, and Michael Obersteiner. "Linking Distributed Optimization Models for Food, Water, and Energy Security Nexus Management." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 23, 2022): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traditional integrated modeling (IM) is based on developing and aggregating all relevant (sub)models and data into a single integrated linear programming (LP) model. Unfortunately, this approach is not applicable for IM under asymmetric information (ASI), i.e., when “private” information regarding sectoral/regional models is not available, or it cannot be shared by modeling teams (sectoral agencies). The lack of common information about LP submodels makes LP methods inapplicable for integrated LP modeling. The aim of this paper is to develop a new approach to link and optimize distributed sectoral/regional optimization models, providing a means of decentralized cross-sectoral coordination in the situation of ASI. Thus, the linkage methodology enables the investigation of policies in interdependent systems in a “decentralized” fashion. For linkage, the sectoral/regional models do not need recoding or reprogramming. They also do not require additional data harmonization tasks. Instead, they solve their LP submodels independently and in parallel by a specific iterative subgradient algorithm for nonsmooth optimization. The submodels continue to be the same separate LP models. A social planner (regulatory agency) only needs to adjust the joint resource constraints to simple subgradient changes calculated by the algorithm. The approach enables more stable and resilient systems’ performance and resource allocation as compared to the independent policies designed by separate models without accounting for interdependencies. The paper illustrates the application of the methodology to link detailed energy and agricultural production planning models under joint constraints on water and land use.
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Imhof, Susanne, and Maike Andresen. "German temporary agency workers’ SWB: the impact of POS provided by agencies." Employee Relations 39, no. 7 (November 6, 2017): 1030–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-08-2016-0162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the specific relationship between temporary agency workers (TAWs) and their employing temporary work agencies in Germany that is characterized – in contrast to other European countries – by agencies’ central role in employment and the prevalence of permanent contracts. The study addresses a research gap in understanding the mediating role of perceived organizational support (POS) provided by temporary work agencies in the relationship between employment-specific antecedents and TAWs’ subjective well-being (SWB). Design/methodology/approach Based on a sample of 350 TAWs in Germany, the mediating role of POS provided by agencies is analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The authors show that procedural justice, performance feedback and social network availability positively relate to POS while perceived job insecurity shows the expected negative influence and distributive justice has no impact on POS. POS, in turn, positively relates to SWB. The partially mediating effect of POS between employment-specific antecedents and SWB is also confirmed. Research limitations/implications The study is based on cross-sectional data and self-reported measures; this may limit causal inferences. Practical implications The results highlight the importance of agencies creating POS and reducing perceived job insecurity for improving TAWs’ SWB. Originality/value The study contributes to previous POS research by focusing on the agencies’ role and by showing the mediating effect of POS on TAWs’ SWB in Germany.
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Thomas, Naiju, Sandeep Kumar, Vikas Kumar, and Suman Tapryal. "1352. A Computational Approach for Exploring the Binding Mechanism of Chebulinic Acid on Herpes Simplex Virus-2 and Its Implication on Chikungunya and Dengue." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1183.
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Abstract Background Chebulinic acid (CA), a natural compound isolated from the tree Terminalia chebula, was recently reported to have shown antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). The study showed inhibition activity of CA, preventing the attachment of HSV-2 on the host cells. This activity was speculated to be due to an interaction between CA and viral surface glycoproteins, triggering alterations in its function or making virus particles inert and preventing their attachment to host cells. However, the mechanism of this inhibition was not established. The current study was designed not only to help gain insights of the mechanism of action of CA on HSV-2, but also to computationally check its binding affinity on other enveloped arboviruses, i.e., Chikungunya (ChikV) and Dengue (DenV). Methods The viral surface glycoproteins of HSV-2, ChikV, and DenV were subjected to molecular docking with CA using the software, AutoDock Vina. Protein–protein docking was performed with ClusPro online server to elucidate the specific site and residues involved in binding between viral protein and human host receptors. Due to unavailability of crystal structure of Prohibitin, a human receptor for ChikV, structural modeling was performed with i-Tasser server. Results The conformations obtained after docking showed good hydrogen bond interactions with a docking energy of −9.3, −8.1, and −8.8 kcal/mol against HSV-2, ChikV, and DenV, respectively. In all three viruses, CA was found to bind specifically at the site directly involved in host attachment, suggesting a possible mechanism of action by which CA inhibits the viral attachment that is consistent with the result obtained from the in vitro experiment on HSV-2. Hence the natural bio-molecule Chebulinic acid has the potential to inhibit the host attachment step of HSV-2, ChikV, and DenV by directly binding to their viral glycoproteins. Conclusion Chebulinic acid shows a good propensity as an antiviral agent, capable of acting against multiple enveloped viruses. Additionally, a more potent and specific drug can be designed on the template of CA by process of molecular modification. Disclosures N. Thomas, Department of Science and Technology: Government of India funding agency, Salary. S. Kumar, University Grants Commission: Government of India funding agency, Educational grant. V. Kumar, University Grants Commission: Government of India funding agency, Educational grant. S. Tapryal, Department of Science and Technology: Government of India funding agency, Research grant.
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Theiss, H. J. "GENERIC LINEAR ARRAY SCANNER MODELING OF SPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEMS CONTAINING LIMITED METADATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-1-2020 (August 3, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-1-2020-49-2020.
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Abstract. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) designed the Generic Linear Array Scanner (GLAS) model for geopositioning images from both airborne and spaceborne linear array scanning systems, including pushbroom, whiskbroom, and panoramic sensors. Providers of hyperspectral imagery (HSI) historically have not populated products with high fidelity metadata to support downstream photogrammetric processing. To demonstrate recommended metadata population and exploitation using the GLAS model, NGA has generated example HSI products using data collected by NASA’s EO-1 Hyperion sensor and provided courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. This paper provides novel techniques for: 1) generating reasonably accurate initial approximations for GLAS metadata as a function of per-image metadata consisting of only timing information and the latitude and longitude values of the four corners of the image; and 2) identifying a vector of adjustable parameters and reasonable values for its a priori error covariance matrix that enable corrections to the metadata during a bundle adjustment. The paper describes applying these techniques to fourteen overlapping Hyperion images of the Alps, running a bundle adjustment as a function of tie points and optional ground control points, and demonstrating superior results to the previous polynomial based approach as quantified by the 3D errors at several ground check points.
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Windriati, Windriati, M. Husni Thamrin, and Nurmah Semil. "The E-Filing Tax Implementation Success Examined From The Taxpayer Agency as User." Jurnal Administrasi Publik : Public Administration Journal 11, no. 1 (June 16, 2021): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jap.v11i1.4832.
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This study aimed at analyzing the effect of system quality, information quality, and service quality to the implementation of e-Filing tax system on net benefits with user satisfaction as an intervening variable at the Pratama Palembang Ilir Barat Tax Service Office (TSO). This research was a quantitative study with survey approach through distributing questionnaires to 350 respondents as samples. To analyze the data, Covariance Base Structure Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) was used. The results indicated that the quality of systems, information and service positively and significantly affected the user satisfaction with the percentage of 16%, 20%, and 26%, respectively. Likewise, the e-Filing user satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on the net benefits with the percentage of 64%. The results of this study recommend that, despite its being mandatory, the implementation of e-Filing system could provide satisfaction to the users. This indicated that the system is currently as expected; not only due to its being mandatory, but the users satisfaction also contributed to the system’s sustainability. The output of the services provided in the form of taxpayer compliance, however, has not shown optimal results. Thus, a continuous reformation of the system, information, and service quality is hoped to be conducted.
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Wai, Benny, and Winston Zhou. "Designing and Implementing Real-Time Bus Time Predictions using Artificial Intelligence." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (September 10, 2020): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120947715.
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Managing expectations is vital to ensuring commuter satisfaction with their public transportation service. When customers are given an estimated time for their bus and must wait way longer, they lose a sense of control over their commute and become frustrated. In this paper, we present a novel machine learning (ML) modeling approach in which we train and implement specialized models for every single segment of travel time and stop dwell time in our system to capture its uniqueness. The features for training the models include simple calendar and weather data. Most papers assume ideal operational conditions but in practice that’s almost never the case. Here, we combine our ML modeling approach with a flexible production-tested algorithm to combine model-generated dwell and travel time (or run time) predictions to produce predicted bus departure times. This algorithm is designed to handle real transit agency challenges like missing models (including those caused by changes to schedules and routes), timing points, and partially traveled segments. We also provide a reference architecture of how this algorithm can be brought to life in a scalable and cost-effective manner.
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M. Hajji, Apif M. Hajji, Aisyah Larasati, Michael P. Lewis, and Huang Yue. "PEMS-on board and E3 Modeling: A Comparison between Real-World Measurement and Emissions Estimates from Construction Equipment." Civil Engineering Dimension 21, no. 2 (October 18, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.21.2.59-65.
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Vehicles in construction industry are typically powered by diesel engines and are considered to be an off-road source of air pollution. Air pollutant emissions include nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO). Any engine that combusts a nonrenewable carbonaceous fuel will have net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). Economic-Energy-Environmental (E3) model, a statistical-modeled tool, is developed by combining a multiple linear regression (MLR) approach for modeling equipment productivity with the emissions calculation algorithm from Environment Protection Agency (EPA)’s NONROAD model. This paper compares emissions data between the field data to E3 model outputs, and determines the similarity of the two sources of fuel use data. It is expected the two data are not narrowly similar since the field data are for individual vehicles, while E3 results are based on NONROAD model, which was intended to estimate average fuel use for a fleet of Heavy-Duty Diesel (HDD) equipment.