Книги з теми "Ageing-related"
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1
Uzielli, Luca, ed. Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage – Florence 2007. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-396-8.
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COST Action IE0601 "Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage" (www.woodculther.org) aims to improve the conservation (including study, preventive conservation and restoration) of European Wooden Cultural Heritage Objects (WCHOs), by fostering targeted research and multidisciplinary interaction between Researchers in various fields of Wood Science, Conservators of wooden artworks, other Scientists from related fields. This book of Proceedings contains most of the papers presented in the International Conference held in Florence (Italy) on 8-10 November 2007, dealing with several of the Action's themes, including structure and properties of historic wood, ageing and non-biological degradation of wood material, contributions from Wood Science to conservation issues.
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Recommendations on Ageing-Related Statistics. United Nations, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/d75677cd-en.
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Inui, Akio, Masahiro Ohsawa, and Yasuhito Uezono, eds. Ageing-Related Symptoms, Kampo Medicine and Treatment. Frontiers Media SA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88971-925-9.
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Durrleman, Stanley, Daniel C. Alexander, Ninon Burgos, Holger Fröhlich, Neil P. Oxtoby, and Viktor Wottschel, eds. Computational Approaches for Ageing and Age-related diseases. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88976-766-3.
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Visual Attention-Related Processing: Perspectives from Ageing, Cognitive Decline and Dementia. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-0985-3.
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Youthing - How To Reverse The Ageing Process And Cure Age Related Diseases. Harald W. Tietze Publishing, 2006.
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7
Smentek, Daniel. Management of an ageing workforce: How employers can deal with related challenges. VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller e.K., 2007.
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8
European design for ageing network: Incorporating age-related issues into design courses : teaching pack. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 1995.
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9
Zanto, Theodore P., and Adam Gazzaley. Attention and Ageing. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter addresses how normal ageing may affect selective attention, sustained attention, divided attention, task-switching, and attentional capture. It is not clear that all aspects of attention are affected by ageing, especially once changes in bottom-up sensory deficits or generalized slowing are taken into account. It also remains to be seen whether deficits in these abilities are evident when task demands are increased. Age-based declines have been reported during many tasks with low cognitive demands on various forms of attention. Fortunately, the older brain retains plasticity and cognitive training and exercise may help reduce negative effects of age on attention. Although no single theory of cognitive ageing may account for the various age-related changes in attention, many aspects have been taken into account, such as generalized slowing, reduced inhibitory processes, the retention of performance abilities via neural compensation, as well as declines in performance with increased task difficulty.
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Michel, Jean-Pierre, B. Lynn Beattie, Finbarr C. Martin, and Jeremy Walston, eds. Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.001.0001.
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The 3rd Edition of The Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine brings together specialists from across the globe to provide every physician and health care provider involved in the care of older people with a comprehensive resource on the medical, social, and psychological issues they are likely to encounter in their practice and research. Beyond these issues, this comprehensive text provides insights into global population ageing, ageing-relevant policy developments, healthy ageing, lifecourse, multimorbidity, personalised and person-centred care.New material has been added throughout with a strong focus on integrating the impact of age-related physiological and cellular changes with the development of age-related diseases and conditions. Sections on sarcopenia, nutritional health, frailty and related geriatric syndromes have been expanded. Geriatric care principles from public health, primary and specialized care have also been updated and expanded. New models of care in general medicine and surgery and related sub-specialties, outpatient and emergency care, rehabilitation, oncology, palliative medicine and long-term care relevant to older adults are discussed in detail. In summary, the 3rd Edition of The Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine 3e articulates important new global demographic trends and clinical practice patterns, the scientific basis of age-related diseases and conditions, and the ethical, legal, and socioeconomic concerns for healthcare policy and systems relevant to older adults around the globe.
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Bowker, Lesley K., James D. Price, Ku Shah, and Sarah C. Smith. Eyes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738381.003.0022.
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This chapter provides information on the ageing eye, visual impairment, blind registration, visual hallucinations, cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, the eye and systemic disease, drugs and the eye, and eyelid disorders.
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Speed, Cathy. Sports injuries in older people. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0034.
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A generally enhanced health status in an increasingly ageing population allows many to maintain high physical activity levels, and competitive masters and seniors events are becoming progressively more popular. This, together with the recognition of the importance of exercise to mitigate or even reverse many age-related changes, means that the physician in sport and exercise medicine requires a high index of awareness of the specific issues that arise in relation to sporting injury in the ageing individual. These issues include not only recognition and management of sports injuries ...
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Phillipson, Chris. Re-thinking care in later life: the social and the clinical. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689644.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Key points• Geriatric medicine developed strong links with social perspectives on ageing during its initial phase of development.• Geriatric medicine and social gerontology developed along separate paths from the 1970s with the emergence of competing paradigms about the ageing process.• Fiscal austerity, changes to the welfare state, and the increase of age-related conditions such as dementia create possibilities for collaboration between geriatric medicine and social gerontology.• Areas for joint work between the disciplines includeo supporting the development of age-friendly communitieso rebuilding community serviceso challenging health inequalities.
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Simpson, Paul, Paul Reynolds, and Trish Hafford-Letchfield, eds. Desexualisation in Later Life. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447355465.001.0001.
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This multi-disciplinary volume brings together international scholarship from across cultural studies, humanities and social sciences. It involves critical review of a comparatively neglected issue – the desexualization of older people – that itself forms part of an emerging field of knowledge that relates to older people’s sexuality and intimacy. Funnelling down from more general to more particular experiences (often related to identity difference), the volume explores the various ways that older people encounter constraints on their sexual and intimate self-expression. Indeed, risk and surveillance can be seen as structuring conditions of ageing sexualities and the issues addressed concern difficulties in relation to consent, relating and relatives erotic aesthetics, gendered ageing sexuality (menopause), disabilities, dementia, care homes and their residents, sex and older lesbian, gay bisexual, trans and intersex people, and care services and ageing sexuality. As well as providing an overview of broader themes to which chapter point, the final chapter also outlines a research agenda that itself points towards creative forms of resexualization of diverse older selves. Although the volume’s focus is on desexualization, resexualization is to some extent acknowledged in each chapter.
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Bowker, Lesley K., James D. Price, Ku Shah, and Sarah C. Smith. Chest medicine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738381.003.0011.
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This chapter provides information on the ageing lung, respiratory infections, influenza, pneumonia, pneumonia treatment, vaccinating against pneumonia and influenza, pulmonary fibrosis, rib fractures, pleural effusions, pulmonary embolism, aspiration pneumonia/pneumonitis, lung cancers, chronic cough, presentation of tuberculosis, tuberculosis investigation, treatment of tuberculosis, assessment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), drug treatment of asthma and COPD, non-drug treatment of asthma and COPD, oxygen therapy, and asbestos-related disease.
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Mosimann, Urs Peter, and Bradley F. Boeve. Sleep disorders. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0051.
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This book chapter reviews the most common sleep disorders in older adults and their treatment. It begins with a brief review of sleep physiology and then gives an outline on how to take a comprehensive sleep history. Sleep is commonly defined as a periodic temporary loss of consciousness with restorative effects. There are physiological sleep changes related to ageing, but sleep disorders are not part of normal ageing and are often associated with mental or physical disorders, pain and neurodegenerative disease. The most common sleep disorders include insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep behaviour disorder, excessive daytime somnolence and circadian rhythms disorders. An in depth clinical history, including if possible bed-partner’s information, is the key to diagnosis. Patients need to be informed about the physiological sleep changes and the principles of sleep hygiene. They can benefit from pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies.
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Pickering, Gisèle. Pain in later life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785750.003.0040.
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The population of Europe is ageing, caused by fewer births and increased longevity. Increasingly the demand for pain assessment and treatment will change and the patients requesting help will present with more complex demands. In this chapter of European Pain Management we focus on the need for translational research, evidence-based randomized clinical trials, and non-pharmacological approaches in older persons, to assess the real-life risk/benefit ratio of recommendations in a context of multiple medication, co-morbidity, cognitive impairment, and frailty. It is essential to study the cognitive and emotional consequences of pain and analgesia in older persons, who are often prone to depression, and to improve their quality of life. Therapeutic education must be developed for older patients, who often have a fatalistic attitude toward pain, with age-related expectations and demands. Pain prevention remains the key to avoiding the consequences of pain, maintaining autonomy, and enabling healthy ageing.
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Ferreira, Isabel, and Jos WR Twisk. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is now recognized that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is partly a paediatric problem, i.e. the onset begins in childhood, although clinical symptoms may not become apparent until later in life. Therefore, from a primary prevention point of view, the extent to which physical activity or physical fitness in childhood may deter this process is of utmost importance. Although physical activity and CRF at a young age have not been directly linked to the incidence of CVD, evidence thus far supports cardiovascular health benefits of early higher physical activity and CRF levels on cardiometabolic risk factors like obesity, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and their maintenance throughout the course of life. By affecting these intermediary pathways, lifelong (high-intensity) physical activity may also deter the age-related decreases in CRF and related signs of premature arterial ageing.
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Delcourt, Candice, and Craig Anderson. Epidemiology of stroke. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0234.
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Approximately 20 million strokes occur in the world each year and over one-quarter of these are fatal. This makes stroke the second most common cause of death, after ischaemic heart disease, and strokes are responsible for 6 million deaths (almost 10% of all deaths) annually. Stroke has major consequences in terms of residual physical disability, depression, dementia, epilepsy, and carer burden. Moreover, around 20% of survivors experience a further stroke or serious vascular event within a few years of the index event. The economic and societal costs of stroke are enormous. With ongoing demographic changes, including the ageing and urbanization of populations, and persistence of highly prevalent risk factors related to adverse lifestyles, the global burden of disease related to stroke is predicted to rise substantially by 2030.
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Pestieau, Pierre, and Mathieu Lefebvre. Social versus Private Insurance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817055.003.0009.
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This chapter looks at the role of the public versus the private sector in the provision of insurance against social risks. After having discussed the evolution of the role of the family as support in the first place, the specificity of social insurance is emphasized in opposition to private insurance. Figures show the extent of spending on both private and public insurance and the chapter presents economic reasons to why the latter is more developed than the former. Issues related to moral hazard and adverse selection are addressed. The chapter also discusses somewhat more general arguments supporting social insurance such as population ageing, unemployment, fiscal competition and social dumping.
21
Pahuja, Meera, Jessica S. Merlin, and Peter A. Selwyn. HIV/AIDS. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0151.
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In less than two decades, AIDS has been transformed from a rapidly fatal, untreatable illness to a manageable chronic disease. Early in the AIDS epidemic, HIV care and palliative care were inseparable; over time, these two treatment paradigms diverged. In the developed world, and to a lesser but increasing extent in the developing world, decreasing mortality rates have resulted in growing numbers of HIV-infected patients living with the disease for many years. As this long-surviving population increases, the challenges of chronic disease management, an expanding range of co-morbidities, and a process that has been described as ‘accelerated ageing’, have all emerged to present new needs and opportunities for palliative care expertise. Earlier in the epidemic, palliative care for AIDS focused primarily on end-of-life care and pain and symptom management related to the manifestations of AIDS-specific opportunistic infections and malignancies. Currently, pain and symptoms may be related to these as well as other co-morbid chronic diseases which commonly occur in HIV-infected patients, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, metabolic, and neurocognitive complications. Attention to these symptoms, quality of life issues, and psychosocial problems in long-surviving patients over many years will be increasingly important to support engagement with care and effective adherence with antiretroviral therapy over time. End-of-life care, while less frequent, also remains important, as patients may still die from AIDS, or even more commonly, from end-organ failure, non-AIDS defining malignancies, and/or other complications of ageing and chronic co-morbid disease. All these converging factors have now resulted in a new need for the re-integration of HIV care and palliative care, both to help HIV-infected patients live better and longer, as well as manage late-stage and end-of-life issues when they emerge.
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Braeutigam, Sven, and Peter Kenning. An Integrative Guide to Consumer Neuroscience. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789932.001.0001.
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This book provides an integrative guide to the modern, highly interdisciplinary, and complex field of consumer neuroscience. The aim is to provide a robust overview of the many theoretical and experimental domains involved, thereby balancing depth and breadth of presentation. The material is loosely structured in three, not explicitly delineated parts. The first three chapters discuss the scope of consumer neuroscience, relevant psychological phenomena, and the human brain. The following three chapters cover the relevant mathematics, scanner technologies, and data analyses. The next five chapters discuss concepts and applications of consumer neuroscience, some of which are rather well established, and some reflect cutting-edge research. Specifically, issues of individual, social, and commercial consumer neuroscience are addressed in addition to aspects related to gender differences, abnormal consumer behaviour, ageing, and organizational behaviour. The final two chapters discuss research ethics and future directions, respectively.
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Vannuzzo, Diego, and Simona Giampaoli. Primary prevention: principles and practice. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0007.
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Cardiovascular primary prevention is a coordinated set of actions at community and individual level aimed at eradicating, eliminating, or compressing at later ages the impact of cardiovascular diseases and their related disability. Its aim is healthy ageing. Cardiovascular epidemiology has elucidated the role of cardiovascular risk factors, forming the basis of strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk and subsequent disease. There is evidence that cardiovascular primary prevention works if three strategies are implemented together: a population strategy (particularly through a widespread adoption of healthy lifestyles) which aims to keep everyone at low risk from infancy and reduces the cardiovascular risk profile of the whole community; an individualized high-risk strategy through lifestyle changes also prophylactic evidence-based drugs if necessary; and an individualized intermediate-risk strategy which may benefit from non-invasive assessment of subclinical disease and end organ damage.
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Vannuzzo, Diego, and Simona Giampaoli. Primary prevention: principles and practice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0007_update_001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cardiovascular primary prevention is a coordinated set of actions at community and individual level aimed at eradicating, eliminating, or compressing at later ages the impact of cardiovascular diseases and their related disability. Its aim is healthy ageing. Cardiovascular epidemiology has elucidated the role of cardiovascular risk factors, forming the basis of strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk and subsequent disease. There is evidence that cardiovascular primary prevention works if three strategies are implemented together: a population strategy (particularly through a widespread adoption of healthy lifestyles) which aims to keep everyone at low risk from infancy and reduces the cardiovascular risk profile of the whole community; an individualized high-risk strategy through lifestyle changes also prophylactic evidence-based drugs if necessary; and an individualized intermediate-risk strategy which may benefit from non-invasive assessment of subclinical disease and end organ damage.
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Woodford, Henry J., and James George. Examining the nervous system of an older patient. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0111.
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Ageing is associated with changes in the nervous system, especially the accumulation of neurodegenerative and white matter lesions within the brain. Abnormalities are commonly found when examining older people and some of these are associated with functional impairment and a higher risk of death. In order to reliably interpret examination findings it is important to assess cognition, hearing, vision, and speech first. Clarity of instruction is key. Interpretation of findings must take into account common age-related changes. For example, genuine increased tone should be distinguished from paratonia. Power testing should look for asymmetry within the individual, rather than compare to the strength of the examiner. Parkinsonism should be looked for and gait should be observed. Neurological assessment can incorporate a range of cortical abilities and tests of autonomic function, but the extent of these assessments is likely to be determined by the clinical situation and time available.
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Cruz, Dinna N., Anna Clementi, and Mitchell H. Rosner. Acute kidney injury in the elderly. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0240_update_001.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is largely a disease of the elderly patient. As described in this chapter, age-related changes in the kidney as well as the accumulated co-morbid conditions and polypharmacy associated with ageing greatly increase the susceptibility to the development of AKI. The aetiologies of AKI in the elderly patient represent the same spectrum of prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes as in other age categories. However, elderly patients tend to have a higher relative risk for developing AKI due to volume depletion and urinary tract obstruction. Diagnosis of AKI can be confounded by the use of serum creatinine which has limitations in the diagnosis of AKI.Poorer short- and long-term outcomes may influence decision-making on the provision of aggressive care such as offering renal replacement therapy. These complex decisions require a careful analysis of potential outcomes as well as coordinated discussions with family members to ensure that the most thoughtful and rational treatments are offered.
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Fratiglioni, Laura, and Chengxuan Qiu. Epidemiology of dementia. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0031.
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This chapter deals with the occurrence, determinants and primary prevention of dementia. Dementia is one of the major causes of functional dependence, poor quality of life, institutionalisation and mortality among elderly people. The risk of dementia increases almost exponentially with advancing age. As the population ages, dementia poses a serious threat to public health and social welfare system of our society. Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk factors significantly contribute to the development and expression of dementia. Thus, adequate management of vascular risk factors and related disorders can be one of the preventative strategies against cognitive ageing and dementia. In addition, psychosocial factors such as educational achievement, socially-integrated and mentally-stimulating lifestyles are critical for delaying the onset of dementia by increasing cognitive reserve. Taken together, maintaining vascular health and adopting a healthy cognitive lifestyle from a life-course perspective may be the most promising strategy to achieve late-life cognitive health.
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O’Connell, Henry, and Brian Lawlor. Alcohol and substance abuse in older people. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0049.
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This chapter highlights the importance of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), inappropriate medication use (IMU) and use of illicit drugs in older people. Such problems are associated with considerable morbidity and will become more important with the ageing ‘baby-boomer’ generation in coming years. AUDs are under-detected, misdiagnosed and often completely missed in older populations. However, despite ageist and pessimistic assumptions, AUDs in older people are as amenable to treatment as in younger people. IMU in older people includes abuse of prescribed medications such as benzodiazepines and opiates, unnecessary treatment of medical and psychiatric conditions and toxic drug reactions related to inappropriate polypharmacy. Screening and treatment programmes for IMU could lead to considerable improvements in individual and population health. Misuse of illicit drugs, e.g. marijuana, cocaine, opioids and stimulants, by older people is not yet a major problem, but will probably become more prevalent and be a more important clinical issue for future generations of older people.
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Macnab, Andrew J., Abdallah Daar, and Christoff Pauw, eds. Health in Transition: Translating developmental origins of health and disease science to improve future health in Africa. African Sun Media, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928357759.
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At STIAS, the ‘Health in Transition’ theme includes a programme to address the epidemic rise in the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, coronary heart disease and stroke in Africa. The aim is to advance awareness, research capacity and knowledge translation of science related to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) as a means of preventing NCDs in future generations. Application of DOHaD science is a promising avenue for prevention, as this field is identifying how health and nutrition from conception through the first 1 000 days of life can dramatically impact a developing individual’s future life course, and specifically predicate whether or not they are programmed in infancy to develop NCDs in later life. Prevention of NCDs is an essential strategy as, if unchecked, the burden of caring for a growing and ageing population with these diseases threatens to consume entire health budgets, as well as negatively impact the quality of life of millions. Africa in particular needs specific, focussed endeavors to realize the maximal preventive potential of DOHaD science, and a means of generating governmental and public awareness about the links between health in infancy and disease in adult life. This volume summarizes the expertise and experience of a leading group of international scientists led by Abdallah Daar brought together at STIAS as part of the ‘Health in Transition’ programme.