Статті в журналах: "AGARD-B"

1

Damljanović, Dijana, Đorđe Vuković, Goran Ocokoljić, and Boško Rašuo. "Convergence of transonic wind tunnel test results of the AGARD-B standard model." FME Transactions 48, no. 4 (2020): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2004761d.

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AGARD-B is a widely-used configuration of a standard wind tunnel model. Beside its originally intended application for correlation of data from supersonic wind tunnel facilities, it was tested in a wide range of Mach numbers and, more recently, used for assessment of wall interference effects, validation of computational fluid dynamics codes and validation of new model production technologies. The researchers and wind tunnel test engineers would, naturally, like to know the "true" aerodynamic characteristics of this model, for comparison with their own work. Obviously, such data do not exist, but an estimate can be made of the dispersion of test results from various sources and of the probable "mean" values of the aerodynamic coefficients. To this end, comparable transonic test results for the AGARD-B model at Mach numbers 0.77, Mach 1.0 and Mach 1.17 from six wind tunnels were analyzed and average values and dispersions of the aerodynamic coefficients were computed.

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2

Tuling, S., B. Vallabh, and M. F. Morelli. "Compressibility effects for the AGARD-B model." Aeronautical Journal 119, no. 1214 (April 2015): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000010605.

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AbstractA numerical study of the flow topologies over the 60° delta wing of the AGARD-B model at Mach 0·80 has revealed that vortex bursting occurs between 13°-15° angle-of-attack, while vortex separation occurs above 18°. These aerodynamic features have been identified as additional comparison criteria which need to be replicated for facilities using the model for calibration or inter-tunnel comparison purposes. The numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent V13, a structured mesh with near wall treatment and the Spalart-Allmaras and κ-ω SST turbulence models, and validated experimentally in a 5′ × 5′ transonic facility. Other aspects not previously identified or studied are firstly a recovery shock between the primary and secondary vortex that exists only when vortex bursting occurs, and secondly the lack of a shock between the wing and vortex when the flow topology corresponds to the centreline shock region as observed in other studies.

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3

Sawada, Hideo, Shinichi Suda, and Tetsuya Kunimasu. "Magnetic Suspension of an AGARD-B Model in 6 D.O.F." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 54, no. 629 (2006): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass.54.276.

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4

Panasenko, A. V. "Results of Supersonic Gas Flow Calculations near AGARD-B Model." Physical-Chemical Kinetics in Gas Dynamics 21, no. 2 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33257/phchgd.21.2.887.

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5

YASUE, Kanako, and Keisuke SAWADA. "Effect of Model Deformation on Aerodynamic Coefficients for the AGARD-B Wind Tunnel Model." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 54, no. 185/186 (2011): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.54.163.

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6

Vidanovic, Nenad, Bosko Rasuo, Dijana Damljanovic, Djordje Vukovic, and Dusan Curcic. "Validation of the CFD code used for determination of aerodynamic characteristics of nonstandard AGARD-B calibration model." Thermal Science 18, no. 4 (2014): 1223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130409104v.

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The application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is often motivated by the limitations of measurement techniques, economic limitations, and complex model geometry or, as it is in this case, the unavailability of appropriate test model geometry. CFD was used to assess and evaluate scenario that cannot be investigated experimentally and was shown to be an efficient and economical option to experimental setup. Because of that, there is a strong need for a validation procedure and assessment of the data obtained by numerical simulation. A combined experimental/numerical procedure is described for determination and estimation of subsonic and supersonic aerodynamic behavior of an AGARD-B model with a nonstandard nose configuration. Conducted numerical aerodynamic calculations needed to be satisfied via experimental tests so, the CFD code validation procedure required experimental data that characterize the distributions of measured aerodynamic forces and moments which act upon the test model. Validation of the CFD was achieved by performing the calculation for the model with the standard nose shape as well, and by comparing the results of the CFD calculations with available experimental data for the model with the standard nose configuration. Comparison demonstrated very good agreement between numerically and experimentally obtained results. It was concluded that the numerical prediction for the similar nonstandard model configuration could be accepted as reliable and used to estimate the corrections needed when interpreting the available data. The effects of the different nose shape were found to be small and noticeable mainly in the pitching moment coefficient. This work also demonstrates the application of CFD for the purpose of proving a qualitative and quantitative prediction of the aerodynamics behavior.

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7

Damljanović, Dijana, Đorđe Vuković, Goran Ocokoljić, Biljana Ilić, and Boško Rašuo. "Wind Tunnel Testing of ONERA-M, AGARD-B and HB-2 Standard Models at Off-Design Conditions." Aerospace 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8100275.

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Published results for standard wind tunnel models at non-standard test conditions are quite rare and/or may not be available. It has been found that those results are a useful aid in preparations for a number of wind tunnel tests in the Military Technical Institute (VTI) in Belgrade. Test campaigns of standard models at non-standard conditions are performed to serve as an internal database for future wind tunnel tests in such environments. Those tests, that partially overlap the referenced Mach number and/or angle of attack ranges, are conducted in different VTI’s test facilities; different model sizes and support stings were used. The standard models used in static measurements in VTI, ranging from simple missile shapes and re-entry bodies to complicated airplanes, are briefly described and sample non-standard test results are given. The correlation of the test results among models and facilities has been done with references in the available ranges, and, after confirming a good agreement, it is assumed that the results are also valid in the extended ranges of conditions. These results may be useful for researchers in other wind tunnel facilities and for those who handle CFD tools.

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8

Gesner, B. Edward. "Agard, Frederick B. A Course in Romance Linguistics. Vol. 1: A Synchronic View. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1984.; Agard, Frederick B. A Course in Romance Linguistics. Vol. 2: A Diachronic View. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1984Agard, Frederick B. A Course in Romance Linguistics. Vol. 1: A Synchronic View. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1984. Pp. 242. $19.95 US.Agard, Frederick B. A Course in Romance Linguistics. Vol. 2: A Diachronic View. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1984. Pp. 259. $19.95 US." Canadian Modern Language Review 44, no. 1 (December 1987): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.44.1.177.

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9

Fujihara, M., S. Nishiyama, and S. Hasegawa. "Effects of agars on determination of potency of polymyxin B sulfate by the agar plate diffusion method." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 2665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.38.11.2665.

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10

Zen Achmad Redho Nugraha, Dhany Okawa, Rahmat Giri Anshori, Hasna Prawestry, and Tuti Alawiyah. "Identifikasi Kadar Rhodamin B pada Agar-agar dan Sosis." FARMASIS: Jurnal Sains Farmasi 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/farmasis.v3i2.6148.

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Abstract Background: The Government of Indonesia through the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 033 of 2012 stipulates several dangerous dyes, Rhodamine B is one of the hazardous substances and is prohibited from being used in food products. Objective: This study aims to identify levels of Rhodamine B in snacks. Methods: The research method used was qualitative research using wool yarn and quantitative research using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Results: in the qualitative test, the agar samples did not contain rhodamine B because there was no color change and in the sausage samples containing rhodamine B, it showed a red color after the wool was washed with water. In the quantitative test, the levels of rhodamine B in agar samples were found to be 39.19 ppm, and in sausage samples as much as 16.23 ppm. Conclusion: The agar and sausage samples used were positive for rhodamine B. Keywords: Rhodamine B, Agar-agar, sausage, qualitative, quantitative Abstrak Latar Belakang: Pemerintah Indonesia melalui peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 033 Tahun 2012 menetapkan ada beberapa zat pewarna berbahaya, Rhodamin B termasuk salah satu zat berbahaya dan dilarang digunakan pada produk pangan Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kadar Rhodamin B pada jajanan yang beredar. Metode: Metode penelitian yang dilakukan pada penelitian kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan benang wol dan penelitian kuantitatif dengan Spektrofotometri UV-VIS. Hasil: pada uji kualitatif sampel agar-agar tidak mengandung rhodamin B karena tidak adanya perubahan warna dan pada sampel sosis mengandung rhodamin B dengan ditunjukannya warna kemerahan setelah benang wol dicuci dnegan air. Pada uji kuantitatif, kadar rhodamin B pada sampel agar ditemukan sebanyak 39,19 ppm, dan pada sampel sosis sebanyak 16,23 ppm. Kesimpulan: Sampel agar-agar dan sosis yang digunakan positif mengandung rhodamin B. Kata Kunci: Rhodamin B, Agar-agar, sosis, kualitatif, kuantitatif

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11

Van, Tran Thi Thanh, Bui Minh Ly, Ngo Quoc Buu, and Chu Dinh Kinh. "STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AGAR EXTRACTED FROM SIX RED SEAWEED SPECIES GROWING IN THE COAST OF VIETNAM." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 25, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.270.

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Polysaccharides extracted from six red seaweed species growing in Vietnam have been studied. Characterisation of their structure by chemical and spectroscopic methods showed that all of them have a basic repeating structure of alternating 3-linked b-D-galactopyranosyl and 4-linked 3,6-anhydro a-L-galactopyranosyl units with substituted methyl ether groups. The native agar offers only weak gelling abilities owing to the 4-linked a-L-galactopyranosyl 6-sulfate as its precursor. Conversion of this unit into the corresponding 3,6-anhydride by treating with hot alkali generally led to gel strength increasing. The agars from G. fisheri and G. firma are poorly substituted, while those from G.asiatica, G.tenustipitata and G. heteroclada are partly methylated on position 6 of the 3-linked b-D- galactose. Agar from Gelidiella acerosa is partlly methylated on both positions 6 and 2 of the 4linked 3,6-anhydro a-L-galactose. The alkali- modified agars have been obtained in acceptable quantities with gel strength of 300932 g/cm2. The obtained results showed that all the six algal species are suitable as raw material for commercial agar production and worthy of further cultivation

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12

SIKES, A., S. WHITFIELD, and D. J. ROSANO. "Recovery of Heat-stressed Spores of Bacillus stearothermophiluson Solid Media Containing Calcium- and Magnesium-deficient Agar." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.8.706.

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Recovery of heat-stressed (121.1°C) spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 12980) produced on solid sporulation agar media (Cook and Brown) and recovered on antibiotic assay medium + 0.1% soluble starch agar media appeared to be dependent on the concentration of two trace metals, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), in the agar component of the nutrient growth medium. Results from the present investigation indicated that heat-stressed (121.1°C, 0–20 min) spores of B. stearothermophilus were not recovered on agar media containing commercial agar products from BBL, Bitek (Difco), and Oxoid; however, under similar experimental conditions, heat-stressed spores were recovered on solid agar media containing Bacto (Difco) or Acumedia agar products. Chemical analysis of the trace minerals content of all five agar products indicated that the Ca content (% dry weight) of BBL, Bitek, and Oxoid products was ≤0.01% of the dry weight; the Ca content of Bacto and Acumedia agars was 15- to 20-fold greater. Similarly, the Mg content varied considerably between agars. Bacto and Acumedia agar products contained 0.073 and 0.043% Mg, respectively; the Mg content of BBL, Bitek, and Oxoid products was 0.003, 0.006, and 0.0007%, respectively. The recovery potential of mineral-deficient agar media (Ca and Mg ≤0.01% of dry weight) was restored by increasing the Ca and Mg levels to those found in mineral sufficient agar media (≥0.2 and 0.06% Ca and Mg, respectively).

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13

Rasiukevičiūtė, Neringa, Inga Moročko-Bičevska, and Audrius Sasnauskas. "Characterisation of Growth Variability and Mycelial Compatibility of Botrytis Cinerea Isolates Originated from Apple and Strawberry in Lithuania." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 71, no. 3 (June 27, 2017): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2017-0036.

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Abstract Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. is a widespread necrotrophic pathogen causing grey mould on many economically important horticultural crops. The variability in various B. cinerea populations is known to be very high. Despite the economic importance, the variability of B. cinerea has not been investigated previously on fruit crops in Lithuania. The aim of the study was to characterise the variability of B. cinerea strains isolated from strawberry and apple in different growth conditions on various agar media and to assess mycelial compatibility among the isolates. Larger colony diameter after four days of incubation was observed for isolates from strawberry on potato dextrose and beer universal agars in 24 h dark or light regime, followed by pectin agar in 24 h light. Similarly, the maximum radial growth of the isolates from apple was on potato dextrose agar (dark), followed by beer universal agar (dark and light), after four days of incubation at 20 °C. In the mycelial compatibility tests, barrage formation was evident in mycelial contacts between several isolates, indicating their vegetative incompatibility. The tests revealed that 76% were compatible and 24% were incompatible among investigated strains.

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14

INGHAM, STEVEN C. "Use of Modified Lactobacillus Selective Medium and Bifidobacterium Iodoacetate Medium for Differential Enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. in Powdered Nutritional Products." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.1.77.

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Modified Lactobacillus selective agar (APT agar + sodium acetate and glacial acetic acid; mLBS) was compared to selective modified Lactobacillus selective medium (LBS agar + tomato juice and acetic acid; mLSM) and nonselective de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar for the enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus in probiotic-containing powdered nutritional products. The mLBS agar was equivalent to MRS agar and superior to the mLSM agar for enumerating L. acidophilus in products stored in sealed cans at 22°C. When samples were analyzed for L. acidophilus concentration after high temperature storage in sealed cans or storage in open cans at high relative humidity, the mLBS and MRS agars were highly correlated (r2 = 0.93). Modified Bifidobacterium iodoacetate medium (12.5 mg iodoacetic acid/liter; mBIM) was compared to MRS agar + bile, cysteine, and dicloxacillin (MRS + BCD) for enumerating Bifidobacterium infantis or Bifidobacterium lactis in the nutritional products. The two media were equivalent for enumerating B. infantis in product stored at 22°C in sealed cans. However, the two media were poorly correlated (r2 < 0.50) for enumeration of B. infantis and B. lactis in products stored in sealed cans at high temperature or in open cans at high relative humidity. The mLBS medium has potential industry application as a relatively inexpensive, convenient differential enumeration method for L. acidophilus. The mBIM medium cannot be recommended as a sole medium for enumeration of probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. in powdered nutritional products stored under high temperature and/or high relative humidity conditions.

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15

Rauf, Darmawaty, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Andi Fatmawati, and Ayu Amelia Sain. "IDENTIFIKASI RHODAMIN B PADA JAJANAN AGAR-AGAR YANG DIPERJUALBELIKAN DI PASAR SUNGGUMINASA KABUPATEN GOWA." Jurnal Medika 7, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53861/jmed.v7i1.289.

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Jajanan agar-agar merupakan makanan berbentuk gel yang diolah dari rumput laut dan memiliki berbagai aneka rasa dan warna sehingga banyak produsen menyalahgunakan zat pewarna berbahaya sebagai pewarna makanan salah satunya adalah Rhodamin B yang biasanya digunakan untuk produksi makanan, kosmetik dan obat-obatan. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No.239/MenKes/Per/V/85 dinyatakan sebagai zat pewarna berbahaya dan dilarang digunakan pada produk pangan karena dapat menyebabkan iritasi pada saluran pencernaan dan jika mengkonsumsi secara terus menerus akan menyebabkan kerusakan organ tubuh dan mengakibatkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Rhodamin B pada jajanan agar-agar yang diperjualbelikan di pasar Sungguminasa Kabupaten Gowa. Jenis penelitian observasi laboratorik dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling yang menggunakan 10 sampel jajanan agar-agar yang diperjualbelikan di pasar Sungguminasa Kabupaten Gowa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), dari 10 sampel yang diuji menunjukkan hasil negatif atau tidak adanya bercak seperti pada kontrol positif. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat Rhodamin B pada jajananan agar-agar yang diperjualbelikan di pasar Sungguminasa Kabupaten Gowa.

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16

De La Rosa-Fraile, M. "Granada Agar Sensitivity and Detection of Group B Streptococcus." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 4007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.41.8.4007.2003.

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17

Vardi, E., and N. B. Grover. "Shape changes inEscherichia coli B/rA during agar filtration." Cytometry 14, no. 2 (1993): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.990140209.

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18

ISHIMATU, Masaki, Yutaka KOUGUCHI, Masayo TAMURA, Etsuko MURAKAMI, Rieko TAKAGI, Yukinori KUROKAWA, and Kaoru TOHYAMA. "Basic assessment of the newly developed Vital Media ESBL/MBL screening agar medium." Japanese Journal of Medical Technology 63, no. 1 (2014): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5833/jamt.13-27.

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19

CASTILLO-AYALA, ALEJANDRO. "Comparison of Selective Enrichment Broths for Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni/coli from Freshly Deboned Market Chicken." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.5.333.

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The efficiency of Brucella broth supplemented with vancomycin-trimethoprim-polymyxin B (VTP) at the same concentration as Skirrow agar and bacitracin-colistin-cephalothincycloheximide-novobiocin (BCN) at the same concentration as Butzler agar was evaluated in the recovery of Campylobacter jejuni/coli from fresh retail chicken. Ninety-two samples were acquired from retail markets in Guadalajara, Mexico, and analyzed by enrichment in VTP and BCN broths, each streaked on Skirrow and Butzler agars. Thirty-three (36%) of the samples were positive by any route of analysis. The recovery of Campylobacter (19.6% in VTP alone, 25.0% in BCN, and 35.9% in VTP+BCN) was enhanced by simultaneously using two instead of only one enrichment broth, especially when VTP broth was used (p<0.05). There was an elevated rate of samples containing Campylobacter which gave false-negative results on VTP (45.2% of false-negatives) and on BCN (30.3%). While isolation on Butzler agar showed a similar distribution between samples derived from VTP or BCN broths, Skirrow agar was effective only when the inoculum was derived from BCN broth. Our results indicated that vancomycin-trimethoprim-polymyxin B mixture was not a suitable agent for use in an enrichment-plating procedure to recover Campylobacter from chicken, and that by simultaneously using two enrichment broths the ability to recover Campylobacter was enhanced significantly.

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20

Raro, O. H. F., G. S. Collar, R. M. C. Silva, P. Vezzaro, M. P. Mott, G. R. Cunha, C. V. W. Riche, C. Dias, and J. Caierão. "Performance of polymyxin B agar‐based tests among carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales." Letters in Applied Microbiology 72, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lam.13467.

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21

Scheven, M., and L. Senf. "Quantitative determination of fluconazole-amphotericin B antagonism toCandida albicansby agar diffusion." Mycoses 37, no. 5-6 (June 1994): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1994.tb00301.x.

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22

Jessup, C. J., J. Warner, N. Isham, I. Hasan, and M. A. Ghannoum. "Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes: Establishing a Medium for Inducing Conidial Growth and Evaluation of Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 1 (January 2000): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.1.341-344.2000.

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ABSTRACT A standardized reference method for dermatophyte in vitro susceptibility testing is lacking. In a previous study, Norris et al. (H. A. Norris, B. E. Elewski, and M. A. Ghannoum, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 40(6, part 2):S9–S13) established the optimal medium and other growth variables. However, the earlier study did not address two issues: (i) selection of an optimal medium for conidial formation by dermatophytes and (ii) validation of the method with a large number of dermatophytes. The present study addresses these two points. To select which agar medium best supported conidial growth, representative isolates of dermatophytes were grown on different agars. Preliminary experiments showed that only oatmeal cereal agar supported the production of conidia by Trichophyton rubrum . We tested the abilities of 251 T. rubrum isolates to form conidia using three different cereal agars and potato dextrose agar. Overall, oatmeal cereal and rice agar media were comparable in their abilities to support T. rubrum conidial growth. Next, we used the oatmeal cereal agar for conidial formation along with the optimal conditions for dermatophyte susceptibility testing proposed by Norris et al. and determined the antifungal susceptibilities of 217 dermatophytes to fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and terbinafine. Relative to the other agents tested, terbinafine possessed the highest antifungal activity against all of the dermatophytes. The mean ± standard error of the mean MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin were 2.07 ± 0.29, 0.13 ± 0.01, 0.002 ± 0.0003, and 0.71 ± 0.05 μg/ml, respectively. This study is the first step in the identification of optimal conditions that could be used for the standardization of the antifungal susceptibility testing method for dermatophytes. Inter- and intralaboratory agreement as well as clinical correlations need to be established.

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CHON, JUNG-WHAN, and KUN-HO SEO. "Evaluation of Ceftazidime as an Antibiotic Supplement in Mannitol–Yolk–Polymyxin B Agar Used for Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in Ready-to-Eat Vegetables." Journal of Food Protection 84, no. 10 (April 1, 2021): 1698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-405.

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ABSTRACT The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria, which causes foodborne diseases, can be detected by culture on selective media. However, the presence of competing flora is the most common factor preventing the accurate enumeration of B. cereus on selective agars. In this study, we improved the selectivity of mannitol–yolk–polymyxin B agar (MYPA) and its modified version containing trimethoprim (mMYPA) developed in our previous study by supplementation with ceftazidime (16 μg/mL). Ceftazidime-supplemented MYPA (C-MYPA16) and mMYPA (C-mMYPA16) were evaluated for bacteria recovery and selectivity with three types of ready-to-eat vegetables. Four B. cereus and one Bacillus thuringiensis strains were mixed and artificially inoculated into vegetable salad, radish sprouts, and sprout mix and then recovered on MYPA, mMYPA, C-MYPA16, and C-mMYPA16. In all tested vegetables, mMYPA, C-MYPA16, and C-mMYPA16 culture resulted in similar recovery of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis (P > 0.05), whereas radish sprout and sprout mix colonies grown on MYPA were undistinguishable. C-mMYPA16 was the most selective medium because it eliminated most of the competing flora, especially that in sprouts, without negatively affecting the recovery of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. Our results indicate that supplementation of mMYPA with ceftazidime may improve the selectivity of this medium for B. cereus and B. thuringiensis in food testing. HIGHLIGHTS

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24

Barbour, M. L., D. W. Crook, and R. T. Mayon-White. "An improved antiserum agar method for detecting carriage ofHaemophilus influenzae type b." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 12, no. 3 (March 1993): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01967116.

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25

HÃ¯Â¿Â½i, Lise, Inger Dalsgaard, and Anders Dalsgaard. "Improved Isolation of Vibrio vulnificusfrom Seawater and Sediment with Cellobiose-Colistin Agar." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 1721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.5.1721-1724.1998.

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ABSTRACT An improved selective medium, cellobiose-colistin (CC) agar, gave a significantly higher (P < 0.05) isolation rate ofVibrio vulnificus from water and sediment samples than did modified cellobiose-polymyxin B-colistin (mCPC) agar. In a total of 446 alkaline peptone water preenrichments amended with polymyxin B,V. vulnificus was isolated from 154 preenrichments (35%) with mCPC agar and from 179 preenrichments (40%) with CC agar. CC agar gave a higher plating efficiency of V. vulnificuscells than did cellobiose-polymyxin B-colistin (CPC) agar, mCPC agar, or thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar; the only significant difference was observed with TCBS agar, which gave much lower plating efficiencies than the other selective media. Determination of MICs demonstrated that the concentrations of colistin and polymyxin B in CPC agar inhibit growth of a proportion ofV. vulnificus strains.

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Binghuai, Lu, Shi Yanli, Zhang Shuchen, Zhu Fengxia, Li Dong, and Cui Yanchao. "Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for rapid identification of group B Streptococcus on chromID Strepto B agar." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 27 (October 2014): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.06.023.

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Payne, Marie P., and Rebecca J. Morton. "Effect of Culture Media and Incubation Temperature on Growth of Selected Strains of Francisella Tularensis." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 4, no. 3 (July 1992): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879200400307.

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The rate and amount of growth of 4 field isolates and reference strain ATCC 6223 of Francisella tularensis were evaluated on isolation media with 2 different agar bases and with different supplements and incubated at 25 C, 35 C, and 42 C. Biochemical reactions on conventional differential media with and without cysteine were evaluated. Two of the field isolates and the reference strain were F. tularensis subspecies tularensis (formerly biovar tularensis or Type A), and 2 isolates were subspecies holarctica (formerly subspecies palaearctica or Type B). Bacto cystine heart blood agar supplemented with 1% hemoglobin, glucose cystine heart blood agar, and brain-heart infusion blood agar supported good growth of all 4 field strains, with the most luxuriant growth occurring on Bacto cystine heart blood agar with hemoglobin. Heart infusion blood agar and trypticase soy blood agar supported growth of the field isolates, although growth was diminished and delayed. Strain 6223 was distinctly fastidious and failed to grow on heart infusion or trypticase soy blood agars. Growth of strain 6223 was best on Bacto cystine heart blood agar with hemoglobin. The agar base did not affect growth unless the supplements became limiting, in which case Bacto agar base generally supported growth better than BiTek agar base. Incubation at 35 C was optimum for all 5 strains. Growth at 42 C was slow, with the greatest decrease in the rate and amount of growth occurring with field isolates of F. tularensis subspecies tularensis. Strain 6223 did not grow at 25 C, and the 4 field isolates grew slowly at the lower temperature. The addition of cysteine did not alter any biochemical reactions with the exception of decreasing the detection time of H2S by subpsecies holarctica.

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Vardi, E., and N. B. Grover. "Aggregation ofEscherichia coli B/r A during agar filtration: Effect on morphometric measurements." Cytometry 13, no. 5 (1992): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.990130514.

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Armarkar, Sarika A., R. M. Gade, and Mina D. Koche. "Growth Promotion Activity And Growth Pattern Of Pseudomonas Fluorescens On Different Solid Media." Journal of Plant Disease Sciences 17, no. 1 (August 9, 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/jpds.2022.1706.

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Study was conducted in vitro to study the growth promotion activity and growth pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens on different solid media. Soil samples were collected randomly from rhizosphere of citrus plants for isolation of Pseudomonas. Twenty six isolates was isolated, out of twenty six isolates eight isolates showed abiliity of siderophore production, thirteen isolates showed positiveness for IAA production, nine isolates showed phosphate solubilization and seven isolates were positive for HCN production. For growth pattern study of P. fluorescens three different media i.e. King’s B, Pseudomonas agar and nutrient agar used. All the isolates showed fast growth on King’s B followed by Pseudomonas agar and nutrient agar. Mostly Pseudomonas fluorescens produced greenish yellow coloured colonies on King’s B and Pseudomonas agar and dull yellowish coloured colony and creamy white coloured colony on nutrient agar. Fluorescent pigmentation was observed on King’B and Pseudomonas agar medium.

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Snydman, David R., Nilda V. Jacobus, Laura A. McDermott, and Stacey E. Supran. "Comparative In Vitro Activities of Clinafloxacin and Trovafloxacin against 1,000 Isolates of Bacteroides fragilisGroup: Effect of the Medium on Test Results." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 1710–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.6.1710-1712.2000.

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ABSTRACT The in vitro antibacterial activities of clinafloxacin, trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and cefoxitin against 1,000 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group were compared by agar dilution in brucella blood agar (BBA) and Wilkins Chalgren agar (WCA). Significantly higher geometric mean MICs for the three quinolones and cefoxitin (P < 0.001) were obtained in BBA than in WCA. Regardless of medium, clinafloxacin was slightly more active than trovafloxacin. The activity of clinafloxacin and trovafloxacin was greater than that of cefoxitin against B. distasonis, B. ovatus, and B. thetaiotaomicron but lower against B. vulgatus. High cross resistance between trovafloxacin and clinafloxacin was observed.

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Asheri, Osman, Sayyed Mostafa Habibi-Khorassani, and Mehdi Shahraki. "Mechanistic Studies on the Three Component Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[ b]pyran Catalyzed by Agar." Current Organocatalysis 3, no. 1 (November 14, 2015): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213337202666150716171241.

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SUN, YI, and JAMES D. OLIVER. "Value of Cellobiose–Polymyxin B–Colistin Agar for Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from Oysters." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.4.439.

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Twenty-eight samples, comprising a total of 224 oysters, were examined for the presence of Vibrio vulnificus. Oyster homogenates were plated onto cellobiose—polymyxin B–colistin (CPC) agar or V. vulnificus enumeration (VVE) agar, with subsequent hybridization with a gene probe specific for this pathogen. Of over 3,500 cellobiose-positive colonies initially tested from CPC agar, 28.7% could be identified as V. vulnificus on the basis of probe hybridization. Of the 19,000 colonies developing on VVE agar, only 2.8% were identified as this species. When in subsequent CPC agar studies colony morphology as well as color was considered, 81.6% of over 1,000 colonies probed proved to be V. vulnificus. We conclude that CPC agar is highly selective for this pathogen, and may be effectively employed in monitoring studies to determine levels of this bacterium in molluscan shellfish.

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Craven, R. R., C. J. Weber, R. A. Jennemann, and W. M. Dunne. "Evaluation of a Chromogenic Agar for Detection of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 48, no. 9 (June 30, 2010): 3370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00221-10.

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Bou, G., M. Figueira, D. Canle, M. Cartelle, J. M. Eiros, and R. Villanueva. "Evaluation of Group B Streptococcus Differential Agar for detection and isolation of Streptococcus agalactiae." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 11, no. 8 (August 2005): 676–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01195.x.

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Kamiya, Chitose, Kouji Kimura, Yo Doyama, Akira Miyazaki, Makiko Morimoto, Hirotsugu Banno, Noriyuki Nagano, et al. "Ceftibuten-containing agar plate for detecting group B streptococci with reduced penicillin susceptibility (PRGBS)." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 82, no. 4 (August 2015): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.04.010.

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Renshaw, Joanna C., Verity Halliday, Geoffrey D. Robson, Anthony P. J. Trinci, Marilyn G. Wiebe, Francis R. Livens, David Collison, and Robin J. Taylor. "Development and Application of an Assay for Uranyl Complexation by Fungal Metabolites, Including Siderophores." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 2003): 3600–3606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3600-3606.2003.

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ABSTRACT An assay to detect UO2 2+ complexation was developed based on the chrome azurol S (CAS) assay for siderophores (B. Schwyn and J. B. Neilands, Anal. Biochem. 160:47-56, 1987) and was used to investigate the ability of fungal metabolites to complex actinides. In this assay the discoloration of two dyed agars (one containing a CAS-Fe3+ dye and the other containing a CAS-UO2 2+ dye) caused by ligands was quantified. The assay was tested by using the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFO), and the results showed that there was a regular, reproducible relationship between discoloration and the amount of siderophore added. The ratio of the discoloration on the CAS-UO2 2+ agar to the discoloration on the CAS-Fe3+ agar was independent of the amount of siderophore added. A total of 113 fungi and yeasts were isolated from three soil samples taken from the Peak District National Park. The fungi were screened for the production of UO2 2+ chelators by using the CAS-based assay and were also tested specifically for hydroxamate siderophore production by using the hydroxamate siderophore auxotroph Aureobacterium flavescens JG-9. This organism is highly sensitive to the presence of hydroxamate siderophores. However, the CAS-based assay was found to be less sensitive than the A. flavescens JG-9 assay. No significant difference between the results for each site for the two tests was found. Three isolates were selected for further study and were identified as two Pencillium species and a Mucor species. Our results show that the new assay can be effectively used to screen fungi for the production of UO2 2+ chelating ligands. We suggest that hydroxamate siderophores can be produced by mucoraceous fungi.

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Simopoulou, T., C. Katsiari, C. Liaskos, I. Alexiou, D. Bogdanos, and L. Sakkas. "POS1296 SURVIVAL RATES IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS ARE AFFECTED BY CONCURRENT CARDIOPULMONARY DISEASE, GENDER, AND AUTOANTIBODY PROFILE: A 15- YEAR SINGLE CENTER EXPIERENCE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 995.1–995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.3305.

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BackgroundSystemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease with a high mortality rate[1-3].ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess long-term survival rates of patients with SSc in a single rheumatology center and identify factors affecting the survival rates.MethodsRetrospective analysis of unselected adult patients with SSc, diagnosed and followed up in the Rheumatology Clinic of the University Hospital of Larissa in Central Greece for 15 years (2007-2022). Demographics and clinical characteristics were retrieved from medical records. while autoantibodies (autoAbs) were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and a SSc autoantibody line blot immunoassay (Euroimmun). Overall Survival (OS), 5-year and 10-year survival rates were calculated. The effect of age at disease onset, gender, clinical parameters, and autoantibodies were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.ResultsA total of 226 patients (85.8% female, mean age 61.9 years) were included. The mean ± SD duration of the disease was 12.24±8.9 years. The 5-year and 10-year survival were 95.59%, and 88.1%, respectively. In the majority of patients, the cause of death was related to SSc. The two main causes of death were interstitial lung disease (ILD) and heart disease (pulmonary arterial hypertension and/or arrythmias). Older age at disease onset was independently associated with worse survival (58.9± 11.9 years vs 47.3±14.6 years, p<0.05) and male patients had statistically worse OS compared to female patients (13.1 years vs 28.4 years, p=0,001). Patients with autoAbs against Th/To (12.1 years vs 28.2 years, p=0.013) or against NOR90 had worse OS compared to autoAb-negative patients (12.1 vs 28.2 years, p=0.013, and 12.7 vs 28.8 years p=0.007, respectively). There was a trend for a better survival in patients with anti-centromere autoAbs (29.4 vs 26.2 years, p=0.064).ConclusionOur results show that the overall survival rates of patients with SSc have improved over the years than those reported in the past. Cardiopulmonary diseases still remain the main causes of death, while male sex is associated with worse prognosis. Additional prognostic factors have emerged from autoAb profiles.References[1]Rubio-Rivas M, Royo C, Simeón CP, Corbella X, Fonollosa V. Mortality and survival in systemic sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014 Oct;44(2):208-19.[2]Pokeerbux MR, Giovannelli J, Dauchet L, Mouthon L, Agard C, Lega JC, Allanore Y, Jego P, Bienvenu B, Berthier S, Mekinian A, Hachulla E, Launay D. Survival and prognosis factors in systemic sclerosis: data of a French multicenter cohort, systematic review, and meta-analysis of the literature. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Apr 3;21(1):86.[3]Hoffmann-Vold AM, Molberg Ø, Midtvedt Ø, Garen T, Gran JT. Survival and causes of death in an unselected and complete cohort of Norwegian patients with systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2013 Jul;40(7):1127-33.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsTheodora Simopoulou Speakers bureau: Lecture honoraria from Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Grant/research support from: Grants to support the research and educational activities from Genesis pharma. Travel bursaries to attend scientific meetings and congresses from Amgen, Janssen, Christina Katsiari Speakers bureau: Speaker fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Abbvie, UCB, Lilly, Bristol, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Consultant of: Comsultant fees from Mylan, Grant/research support from: Grants to support the research and educational activities as well as travel bursaries to attend scientific meetings and congresses from Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Abbvie, UCB, Lilly, Bristol, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Celltrion Healthcare, Christos Liaskos: None declared, IOANNIS ALEXIOU Speakers bureau: Lecture honoraria from Genesis pharma, Paid instructor for: Participation in advisory board for Abbvie, Grant/research support from: Genesis pharma, Dimitrios Bogdanos Speakers bureau: lecture Honoria from Enorasis, Genesis Pharma, Novartis, Euroimmun, Menarini Hellas, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fresenius Kabi, Werfen Diagnosticsw., Grant/research support from: DPB received grants to support the research and educational activities of his Department from Elpen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Demo and Menarini Hellas. DPB received travel bursaries to attend scientific meetings and congresses from Hospital Line, Pfizer, Elpen, Aenorasis Hellas, Novartis and IFT Hellas., Lazaros Sakkas: None declared.

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Chon, Jung-Whan, Ji-Yeon Hyeon, Jin-Hyuk Yim, Jong-Hyun Kim, Kwang-Young Song, and Kun-Ho Seo. "Improvement of Modified Charcoal-Cefoperazone-Deoxycholate Agar by Supplementation with a High Concentration of Polymyxin B for Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in Chicken Carcass Rinses." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 5 (December 30, 2011): 1624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07180-11.

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ABSTRACTModified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) was improved by supplementation with a high concentration of polymyxin B. The ability of the supplemented medium to isolateCampylobacter jejuniandC. colifrom chicken carcass rinses was compared to that of Campy-Cefex agar and mCCDA. Modification of mCCDA with increased polymyxin B yielded a significantly (P< 0.05) higher isolation rate and greater selectivity than those achieved using Campy-Cefex agar and mCCDA.

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Patil, Pratik Dilip. "Production of Agar-Agar and Sago based Bioplastic." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1998–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42710.

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Abstract: Plastic garbage is the world's third-largest waste source, posing a threat to human health and the environment. Because of their outstanding barrier properties, stiffness, tensile strength, and rip strength, petrochemical plastics have long been used as packaging materials. Plastics have a lot of disadvantages, including a low water vapour transmission rate, nonbiodegradability, and other difficulties that lead to environmental degradation. Newer solutions for the use of bio-plastics have emerged, all while keeping pollution and environmental harm in mind. Bio-plastics are primarily made from biological resources such as potatoes, potato peels, corn, sugarcane, wheat, and rice, as well as seaweed-based bioplastics including varied proportions of agar-agar, seaweed, starch, or cellulose, as well as plasticizers and their relative impact on physical-properties, and the bioplastic characteristics. Replacing petroleum plastic with bioplastic is an alternate strategy to reduce plastic waste in human life while also being more environmentally friendly. As a result, the goal of this research is to gelatinize agar-agar and sago powder to make bioplastic and analysis of its properties. Unlike earlier investigations, this one looked at and evaluated new bioplastic formulations with varying ratios of agar-agar and sago to glycerol samples of 1:0.5, 1:1, and 2:1, referred to as Sets A, B, and C, respectively. The bioplastic samples (Sets A to C) with varying ratios of Agar-Agar and Sago powder to glycerol were found to have higher biodegradable qualities when the ratio of Agar-Agar and Sago powder to glycerol was 1: 1 (Set B) and It had the smallest capacity for holding water. According to the findings, Set B could only hold only 5.48 percent of the water, preventing water from interacting with the wrapped contents. In addition, as compared to other samples, Set B appears to deteriorate better in soils and dissolve more in ethanol, acetone, and oils. Set B has the potential to be employed as a fertilizer coating or other related packaging to reduce the usage rate of the petrochemical plastic since the bioplastic can decay naturally by the ethanol produced by bacteria in soils under anaerobic reactions. Keywords: Bioplastic, Glycerol, Agar-Agar, Sago Powder, Gelatinization, Biodegradable

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Chilvers, Martin I., Lindsey J. du Toit, Hajime Akamatsu, and Tobin L. Peever. "A Real-Time, Quantitative PCR Seed Assay for Botrytis spp. that Cause Neck Rot of Onion." Plant Disease 91, no. 5 (May 2007): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-5-0599.

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A real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed using SYBR Green chemistry to quantify the Botrytis spp. associated with onion (Allium cepa) seed that are also able to induce neck rot of onion bulbs, i.e., B. aclada, B. allii, and B. byssoidea. The nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) regions of target and nontarget Botrytis spp. were sequenced, aligned, and used to design a primer pair specific to B. aclada, B. allii, and B. byssoidea. Primers and amplification parameters were optimized to avoid amplifying the related species B. cinerea, B. porri, and B. squamosa, as well as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and isolates of 15 other fungal species commonly found associated with onion seed. The primers reliably detected 10 fg of genomic DNA per PCR reaction extracted from pure cultures of B. aclada and B. allii. Conventional assays of surface-disinfested and nondisinfested seed on an agar medium were used to determine the incidence of neck rot Botrytis spp. associated with each of 23 commercial onion seed lots, and the real-time PCR assay was used to determine the quantity of DNA of neck rot Botrytis spp. in each seed lot. A linear relationship could not be found between the incidence of seed infected with the neck rot Botrytis spp. using the conventional agar seed assays and the quantity of DNA of the neck rot Botrytis spp. detected by the real-time PCR assay. However, the real-time PCR assay appeared to be more sensitive than the conventional agar assay, allowing detection of neck rot Botrytis spp. in 5 of the 23 seed lots that tested negative using the conventional agar seed assay.

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Oliver, J. D., K. Guthrie, J. Preyer, A. Wright, L. M. Simpson, R. Siebeling, and J. G. Morris. "Use of colistin-polymyxin B-cellobiose agar for isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from the environment." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, no. 2 (1992): 737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.2.737-739.1992.

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Perry, J. D., M. Oliver, A. Nicholson, J. Wright, and F. K. Gould. "Evaluation of a new chromogenic agar medium for isolation and identification of Group B streptococci." Letters in Applied Microbiology 43, no. 6 (December 2006): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.02023.x.

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Girardello, R., P. J. M. Bispo, T. M. Yamanaka, and A. C. Gales. "Cation Concentration Variability of Four Distinct Mueller-Hinton Agar Brands Influences Polymyxin B Susceptibility Results." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 50, no. 7 (May 2, 2012): 2414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.06686-11.

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Claeys, G., G. Verschraegen, and M. Temmerman. "Modified Granada Agar Medium for the detection of group B streptococcus carriage in pregnant women." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 7, no. 1 (January 2001): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2001.00156.x.

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Fuchs, Eva, Christina Raab, Katharina Brugger, Monika Ehling-Schulz, Martin Wagner, and Beatrix Stessl. "Performance Testing of Bacillus cereus Chromogenic Agar Media for Improved Detection in Milk and Other Food Samples." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030288.

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In this study, the performance of four alternative selective chromogenic B. cereus agar was compared to the reference mannitol-yolk polymyxin (MYP) agar (ISO 7932) using inclusion and exclusion test strains (n = 110) and by analyzing naturally contaminated milk and other food samples (n = 64). Subsequently, the panC group affiliation and toxin gene profile of Bacillus cereus senso lato (s.l.) isolates were determined. Our results corroborate that the overall best performing media CHROMagar™ B. cereus (93.6% inclusivity; 82.7% exclusivity) and BACARA® (98.2% inclusivity, 62.7% exclusivity) are more sensitive and specific compared to Brilliance™ B. cereus, MYP and ChromoSelect Bacillus Agar. Both media allow unequivocal detection of B. cereus with low risks of misidentification. Media containing ß-D-glucosidase for the detection of presumptive B. cereus may form atypical colony morphologies resulting in a false negative evaluation of the sample. Naturally contaminated samples presented high numbers of background flora, while numbers of presumptive B. cereus were below the detection limit (<10 CFU g−1 or mL−1). Recovery after freezing resulted in the highest detection of B. cereus s.l. on BACARA® (57.8%), CHROMagar™ B. cereus (56.3%) and MYP agar (54.7%). The panC/toxin profile combination IV/A was the most abundant (33.0%), followed by III/F (21.7%) and VI/C (10.4%). More panC and toxin combinations were present in 15.6% of samples when reanalyzed after freezing. In order to improve detection and confirmation of B. cereus s.l. in food samples, we recommend the parallel use of two complementary selective media followed by molecular characterization (e.g., panC typing combined with toxin gene profiling). When determining psychrotolerant or thermophilic members of the B. cereus group, the selective agar media should additionally be incubated at appropriate temperatures (5 °C, ≥45 °C). If high-risk toxin genes (e.g., ces or cytK-1) are detected, the strain-specific ability to produce toxin should be examined to decisively assess risk.

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CHEN, CHI H., HWIA C. DING, and TSUNG C. CHANG. "Rapid Identification of Bacillus cereus Based on the Detection of a 28.5-Kilodalton Cell Surface Antigen." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.3.348.

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Conventional procedures for the identification of suspect Bacillus cereus isolated on mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin(MYP) agar may need several days. To facilitate the identification of the bacterium, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. The assay was based on the detection of a 28.5-kDa cell surface antigen of B. cereus. Bacterial colonies grown on MYP agar or nutrient agar were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2) containing 0.1% Teepol. The cell suspensions were heated at 100°C for 5 min and added to the microtiter plates coated with antibodies against the 28.5-kDa antigen. After washing, the same antibodies labeled with horseradish peroxidase were used as secondary antibodies to reveal the signal of antigen-antibody reaction. For 38 strains of B. cereus and 127 strains of non-B. cereus bacteria (including 79 isolates of Bacillus spp.) tested, the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 100 and 88.2%, respectively. Strains producing false-positive results were members of the B. cereus group (i.e., Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus mycoides, and Bacillus thuringiensis), which are genetically and biochemically similar to B. cereus. Similar ELISA results were obtained by using antibodies against another cell surface antigen with a molecular mass of 20 kDa. If members of the B. cereus group were recognized as a single species, the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 100 and 99.1%, respectively. The ELISA could be used as a rapid method for presumptive identification of B. cereus grown on MYP agar.

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Alexander, W. S., J. M. Adams, and S. Cory. "Oncogene cooperation in lymphocyte transformation: malignant conversion of E mu-myc transgenic pre-B cells in vitro is enhanced by v-H-ras or v-raf but not v-abl." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.1.67-73.1989.

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Although transgenic mice bearing a c-myc gene controlled by the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer (E mu) eventually develop B-lymphoid tumors, B-lineage cells from preneoplastic bone marrow express the transgene but do not grow autonomously or produce tumors in mice. To determine whether other oncogenes can cooperate with myc to transform B-lineage cells, we compared the in vitro growth and tumorigenicity of normal and E mu-myc bone marrow cells infected with retroviruses bearing the v-H-ras, v-raf, or v-abl oncogene. The v-H-ras and v-raf viruses both generated a rapid polyclonal expansion of E mu-myc pre-B bone marrow cells in liquid culture and 10- to 100-fold more pre-B lymphoid colonies than normal in soft agar. The infected transgenic cells were autonomous, cloned efficiently in agar, and grew as tumors in nude mice. While many pre-B cells from normal marrow could also be induced to proliferate by the v-raf virus, these cells required a stromal feeder layer, did not clone in agar, and were not malignant. Most normal cells stimulated to grow by v-H-ras also cloned poorly in agar, and only rare cells were tumorigenic. With the v-abl virus, no more cells were transformed from E mu-myc than normal marrow and the proportion of tumorigenic pre-B clones was not elevated. These results suggest that both v-H-ras and v-raf, but apparently not v-abl, collaborate with constitutive myc expression to promote autonomous proliferation and tumorigenicity of pre-B lymphoid cells.

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48

Alexander, W. S., J. M. Adams, and S. Cory. "Oncogene cooperation in lymphocyte transformation: malignant conversion of E mu-myc transgenic pre-B cells in vitro is enhanced by v-H-ras or v-raf but not v-abl." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.1.67.

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Although transgenic mice bearing a c-myc gene controlled by the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer (E mu) eventually develop B-lymphoid tumors, B-lineage cells from preneoplastic bone marrow express the transgene but do not grow autonomously or produce tumors in mice. To determine whether other oncogenes can cooperate with myc to transform B-lineage cells, we compared the in vitro growth and tumorigenicity of normal and E mu-myc bone marrow cells infected with retroviruses bearing the v-H-ras, v-raf, or v-abl oncogene. The v-H-ras and v-raf viruses both generated a rapid polyclonal expansion of E mu-myc pre-B bone marrow cells in liquid culture and 10- to 100-fold more pre-B lymphoid colonies than normal in soft agar. The infected transgenic cells were autonomous, cloned efficiently in agar, and grew as tumors in nude mice. While many pre-B cells from normal marrow could also be induced to proliferate by the v-raf virus, these cells required a stromal feeder layer, did not clone in agar, and were not malignant. Most normal cells stimulated to grow by v-H-ras also cloned poorly in agar, and only rare cells were tumorigenic. With the v-abl virus, no more cells were transformed from E mu-myc than normal marrow and the proportion of tumorigenic pre-B clones was not elevated. These results suggest that both v-H-ras and v-raf, but apparently not v-abl, collaborate with constitutive myc expression to promote autonomous proliferation and tumorigenicity of pre-B lymphoid cells.

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49

Baskarathevan, J., M. V. Jaspers, E. E. Jones, and H. J. Ridgway. "Evaluation of different storage methods for rapid and costeffective preservation of Botryosphaeria species." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4825.

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Four Botryosphaeria species isolated from grapevine namely Diplodia seriata (teleomorph B obtusa) Diplodia mutila (teleomorph B stevensii) Neofusicoccum parvum (syn B parva) and Neofusicoccum luteum (syn B lutea) were stored using 11 different methods Duplicate isolates were stored for 1 3 and 6 months as myceliumcolonised agar plugs and pycnidia in sterile water mineral oil 20 glycerol or potato dextrose agar (PDA) at room temperature (RT) 4C or 80C The viability of the four Botryosphaeria species was similar (81100) for all storage methods apart from pycnidia on pine needles at RT (68) but their overall growth rates differed between the storage methods (P

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50

Hoppe, J. E., E. Rahimi-Galougahi, and G. Seibert. "In vitro susceptibilities of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis to four fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, d-ofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin), cefpirome, and meropenem." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 3 (March 1996): 807–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.3.807.

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The in vitro activities of levofloxacin, ofloxacin, d-ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cefpirome, and meropenem against 34 clinical isolates each of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis were determined by agar dilution on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% horse blood. Levofloxacin was as active as ciprofloxacin against both species (MIC, 0.06 microgram/ml) and more active than ofloxacin and d-ofloxacin. Cefpirome was more active against B. pertussis (MIC, 1.0 microgram/ml) than against B. parapertussis (MIC, > 2 micrograms/ml), while the reverse was true for meropenem (MIC, 2.0 micrograms/ml against B. pertussis and 1.0 microgram/ml against B. parapertussis).

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