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1
Jansen, van Rensburg WS, Averbeke W. Vab, R. Slabbert, M. Faber, Jaarsveld P. Van, Heerden I. Van, F. Wenhold, and A. Oelofse. "African leafy vegetables in South Africa." Water SA, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article the term ‘African leafy vegetables’ was adopted to refer to the collective of plant species which are used as
leafy vegetables and which are referred to as morogo or imifino by African people in South Africa. Function is central in this
indigenous concept, which is subject to spatial and temporal variability in terms of plant species that are included as a result
of diversity in ecology, culinary repertoire and change over time. As a result, the concept embraces indigenous, indigenised
and recently introduced leafy vegetable species but this article is concerned mainly with the indigenous and indigenised
species. In South Africa, the collection of these two types of leafy vegetables from the wild, or from cultivated fields where
some of them grow as weeds, has a long history that has been intimately linked to women and their traditional livelihood
tasks. Among poor people in remote rural areas the use of these types of leafy vegetables is still common but nationwide there
is evidence of decline, particularly in urban areas. Cultivation of indigenous or indigenised leafy vegetables is restricted to
a narrow group of primarily indigenised species in South Africa. Seven groups of indigenous or indigenised African leafy
vegetables that are important in South Africa were given special attention and their local nomenclature, ecology, use and
cultivation are discussed.
2
Stucken, Janet Louise. "Bringing Africa home, narrating the African other." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/MQ34916.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
3
Dreyer, Lynette. "The modern African elite of South Africa /." New York : St. Martin's press, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37024892d.
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4
APDUSA. "APDUSA: African People's Democratic Union of Southern Africa." APDUSA, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Fourth National Conference of the APDUSA, held in Ezibeleni, Queenstown on 15/16 April 1995, must be marked as one of the most significant events in the history of the organisation. Taking place one year after the establishment of a new political order in South Africa, it was a pertinent time to assess its import in the face of the critical problems that still beset the nation. The achievement of the universal franchise, after long years of bitter struggle, has indeed been a signal victory for the labouring masses of South Africa. But it is a victory that has brought no improvement in the socio-economic conditions of their existence. Still suffering on the anvil of oppression and exploitation, the millions of workers and land-starved peasants are fast losing faith in the ability of the new Government of National Unity to solve their problems. The struggle for liberation has thus entered a new phase. But the oppressed are also faced with a crisis of leadership. Their organisations of struggle are in disarray, with many of those who formerly occupied leading positions, having departed to take up positions in the institutions of government. In this situation, the task of mapping out the programmatic basis of the future course of their struggle, is one of utmost importance. These are the questions that commanded the attention of the APDUSA conference. Against the background, it is fitting that the large majority of those participating in the conference were members of the new generation. Theirs was a major contribution. After a thorough assessment of the new needs of the struggle, conference resolved to redefine and sharpen the political programme of the APDUSA. In so doing, it remains governed by its commitment to the interests of the workers and the landless peasantry in both its short term and long term objectives.
5
Trouille, Jean-Marc. "EU-Africa Relations, China, and the African Challenge." Elipsa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17824.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
yesThe African continent is a sleeping giant which will increasingly be a player to be reckoned with on the global stage. At the same time, its migration potential will be multiplied by Africa’s forthcoming demographic explosion. Consequently, the EU and Africa have a shared interest in working together towards making African development sustainable. African integration will be key towards speeding up this process. This paper first evaluates the stakes of the African challenge for the European Union. It considers the economic potential that can be unleashed by speeding up integration processes in Africa. Second, it argues that Africa will be ‘the China of the 21st Century’, and that any development, positive or negative, taking place there will have large repercussions in Europe, and that therefore the EU and Africa are communities of destiny in need of a joint approach towards African industrialisation. Finally, it provides a roadmap of important steps that Europe needs to consider in its endeavour to support African development.
6
van, Dongen Kathryn. "The internationalisation of South African retailers in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
African markets are complex environments for foreign multinationals. The continent, which has recently attracted significant attention for its rich potential and growth prospects, presents a multitude of challenges for the South African retailers that have led retail expansion across the continent. This study seeks to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges experienced by these firms in expanding into other African markets, and how they have managed and nurtured this process.
A qualitative research approach was used to investigate the experiences of senior decision makers, with insights from industry experts, in the expansion of firms into culturally and contextually diverse African markets. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted and extensive secondary data was analysed to build on constructs identified in existing literature, and used to identify new constructs in exploring the capabilities and expansion patterns of South African retailers operating in other African markets.
This study confirmed that South African retailers have developed a variety of capabilities suitable for operating in African markets. The research further confirmed that these firms use SA Inc. as a country specific advantage in their expansion, and leverage their inter-firm networks to gain a better understanding of African markets and their consumers. The combined results from the research findings are summarised graphically to develop two strategic options for international retailers choosing to enter African markets. The study essentially provides a deeper understanding of formal retail in Africa, how South African firms have been leaders in this sector outside their home market, and how other international retailers might leverage this new knowledge.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
vn2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
7
Batista, Henrique Medeiros. ""Africa! Africa! Africa!" Black Identity in Marlos Nobre's Rhythmetron." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586866469586654.
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8
Shoro, Kathleho Kano. "Terms of engaging and project-ing Africa (ns): an ethnographic encounter with African studies through Curate Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6794.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In May 2012 Curate Africa - an ongoing project centered on photography and curation in Africa - was pre-launched at the University of Cape Town (UCT) within the University's Africa Month Celebrations. The project aimed- conceptually and visually - to re-imagine, re-image and re-envision Africa from within Africa and through the lenses of Africans. While this research began as an examination of Curate Africa, the project became a heuristic device through which I began exploring how UCT, on a day-to-day basis, negotiated and continues to negotiate its African identity. In this respect, this dissertation illustrates how Curate Africa and its project leaders - who are also academics within the University - problematised the study and representation of Africa through the intentions of their project, through their individual scholarly pursuits - where they attempt to reimagine the study of Africa(ns) and through the tight scholarly networks that they formed through their scholarly inclinations. Furthermore, this dissertation offers an historical account of the African Studies at UCT as well as an ethnographic account of how the developments and debates around the formation of the "New School" (2012) and around UCT's Afropolitan ambition unfolded within the University and affected those operating in the departments concerned. The principle argument within this dissertation is that projects, however flexible and decolonial in intention, cannot escape being projections of the project leaders' imaginings. Furthermore, projections and ideas of Africa (Mudimbe, 1994) are shaped by perceiving Africa from particular vantage points and within particular contexts laden with histories and complex presents. Perceptions of what "Africa" means and in the case of this research what postcolonial African Studies means continue to be debated from different vantage points within UCT. By and large, this ethnography therefore articulates the scale and challenges of knowledge production centred on the continent in general but, more specifically, the complexities embedded in knowledge production that seeks to be decolonial in its very nature.
9
Musarurwa, Tazorora T. G. "Creating sustainable democracy in Africa - an African supranational body for the effective supervision of elections in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study is to provide a novel working mechanism for the supervision of elections that would no longer be municipal based but rather the subject of a supranational body that is not answerable to municipal authorities. In essence, this study will consider the possibility of a new African Union body responsible for African elections. Rather than just mooting an idea, this study will attempt to justify the need for such a body, as well as answer the practical questions that may hamper the establishment of such a body and also provide for some of the modalities regarding how such a body may work.
To enhance the objectives, the study will necessarily commence with a theoretical background of the rationale for having elections. The study will also emphasise on the human rights aspect of elections, namely the right to self determination and the right to participate in public affairs as provided in various human rights instruments.
By analysing recent African elections, this study intends to show that the current strategy of wholly relying on municipal electoral authorities is subject to manipulation and can result in humanitarian catastrophes and illegitimate governments. By so doing a justification of introducing a new AU body responsible for supervising African election is made perspicuousThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Professor E.K. EK Quashigah, of the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana-Legon, Ghana
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
10
Africa, African People's Democratic Union of Southern. "The Apdusan: African People's Democratic Union of Southern Africa." African People's Democratic Union of Southern Africa, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After many deadlocks, accusations of negotiating in bad faith, marches and lunch-time pickets, more than 600,000 Public Sector Workers went on strike on 24 August 1999. The government then unilaterally implemented a 6.3% increase for public servants against their original demand of 10-15% increase. "The dispute goes back to January 1999, to a workshop dealing with the budgetary process. At this meeting the Department of Finance outlined its Medium-Term Expenditure Framework, for the first time to the public sector workers. In the MTEF the parameters for wage cuts, and 'non-negotiability’ were already set. All unions in the public service bargaining council presented their wage demands - 10% to 15%” [COSATU paper on Public Sector Workers Fight for a Living Wage.] Thereafter COSATU and government officials met over the next few months until May 1999, when a dispute was declared. On the 29th March 1999, COSATU commented ‘To the Unions it is clear, government is not prepared to negotiate - it has already made up its mind’ [COSATU document - Public Sector Workers Fight for a Living Wage] During the period May-June COSATU Unions decided to “throw their weight behind the ANC election campaign.’’[ibid.]. By the August 1999 the unions compromised their demand from 10% to 7.3% increase. Towards the end of August the government unilaterally implemented ei 6.3% increase for public sector workers, and 4% increase for itself. It then went on an ideological media campaign against the workers claiming that the 4% increase for members of parliament is much less than what has been granted to the public sector workers.Vol. 5 no. 3
11
Lubisi, Baratang Alison. "Molecular epidemiology of African swine fever in East Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092006-114328.
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12
Finková, Kateřina. "Africká unie a její role při zajišťování bezepečnosti a stability v Africe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4495.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
My thesis analyses the opportunities and the efectivity of the African union by ensuring security and stability on the African continent. It reffers to the establishment of the organisation, its ideological basis, organs and mechnisms which were set up to fulfill its role as a guarantee of security in Africa. The thesis also shows the development of the relations between the AU and other African regional organisations so as the relations between the AU and the UN in the security area. It also analyses the positive and negative aspects of this mutual cooperation. The end of the thesis is dedicated to the concrete approach to the solution of the humanitarian crises in Darfur. It shows the cooperation with the UN in the form of a hybrid mission UNAMID and the challenges and problems which have to be currently faced by the mission.
13
Derham, Kelly. "Wire Netting Reduces African Elephant (LOXODONTA AFRICANA) Impact to Selected Large Trees in South Africa." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are ecosystem engineers in that they substantially alter the environment through their unique foraging and feeding habits. At high densities, elephants potentially have negative impacts on the environment, specifically to large trees. Because of this, recent increases of elephants in the Associated Private Nature Reserves (APNR) on the Western Boundary of Kruger National Park, South Africa have caused concern regarding the health of several species of tree. My objective was to assess the effectiveness of wrapping protective wire netting around the trunk of the tree in preventing and reducing bark stripping by elephants. 2,668 trees, 1352 marula (Sclerocarya birrea), 857 knobthorn (Acacia Nigrescens), and 459 false marula (Lannea schweinfurti), were assessed for elephant impact in the APNR, 1387 (52%) of which had previously been wrapped in protective wire netting (789, 548, and 50 respectively). For knobthorn and marula, wire netting significantly decreased the number of the trees that were bark stripped. For all trees, wire netting decreased the level of bark stripping especially for the highest impact levels. No trees wrapped with wire were ringbarked, compared to 23 unwired trees. In addition, wire netting had an effect on the distribution of damage for the highest impact class incurred regardless of type. A higher relative frequency of wired trees were found in lower impact categories compared to unwired trees. Wire netting is a low maintenance and ecologically valuable technique that alleviates bark stripping for some species. The judicial use of wire netting on trees could serve to maintain elephant and trees populations in areas of heavy confinement with locally high densities of elephants.
14
Chigeza, Shingairai. "African migrants in South Africa : an interactional perspective / Shingairai Chigeza." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The movement of African migrants from their countries of origin to other countries in search of a better future will continue to increase. However, such movement is accompanied by many challenges. Literature indicates that African migrants in South Africa face challenges such as cultural differences, exploitation and xenophobia. In the context of migration, migrants and citizens constantly interact with one another. The relational patterns between African migrants and citizens accordingly need to be understood in order to promote the well–being of both groups.
Various theories on human behaviour interactions on a community, systemic, interpersonal and relational level informed the present study with a view to casting light on the dynamic interactions between African migrants and citizens. These theories included community psychology theory, sense of community theory, socio–ecological systems theory, contact theory, psychological acculturation theory and complex responsive processes of relating theory. In this study, all the theories are based on the notion that the well–being of migrants and citizens depends on the quality of their relationships with each other and that patterns of meaning and relating are continuously self–organised in the course of human interaction. The theories further explain the relationships between people as well as the interactive dynamics and context that may contribute to their well–being as communities.
The present study is a secondary analysis of the data that were collected in a larger international research project in 2009. In the present study, the researcher did qualitative secondary analysis and thematic content analysis on the raw data collected in the larger 2009 study. The data were collected by means of the Mmogo–method?, focus group discussions, in–depth interviews, semi–structured interviews and narrative inquiry. Forty–four individual participants with ages ranging from 18 to 50 years and 10 families with ages ranging from 14 to 59 years were purposively selected for the larger 2009 study. All the participants were African migrants from other African countries who had migrated to South Africa. These migrants were residing in Gauteng and the North West Province when the initial data (2009) were collected.
In the initial study the aim was to understand African migration in a comparative context by exploring themes on citizenship, belonging and intergenerational relations of African migrants in South Africa, France and Britain. It was discovered that relational dimensions between the African migrants and black South African citizens were mentioned in the data that were obtained from the larger 2009 study, but not reported on. The research question that guided the secondary analysis in the present study was therefore: What are the relational experiences of African migrants in respect of their fellow migrants and black South African citizens? Thus the aim was to understand the patterns of relating and interaction between African migrants and black South African citizens.
The findings of the present study indicated that in contexts of significant risks associated with migration, the relationships amongst migrants provided them with opportunities to belong, to share and to be human. Such nurturing relationships supported migrants and led to positive adaptation on the part of the migrants, despite abusive, restrictive and discriminative sociopolitical and economic environments. The study also describes the interactions between migrants and citizens in terms of relational qualities of African migrants’ acculturation in a new cultural and social environment. Migrants with the relational quality of flexibility displayed sensitivity to the new context and were able to benefit on a personal level from the new cultural relations. However, migrants who displayed a rigidity as relational quality and who were insensitive to the new cultural context, experienced rejection, isolation, disillusionment and discord. Finally the findings revealed that the relational interactions between migrants and citizens are embedded in disenabling socio–economic and political environments present in South Africa. Socio–economically, migrants are perceived as threats to available resources and on a political level they become the victims of xenophobia. The study describes the continuously self–organised relationships between migrants and citizens in terms of complementary relationships whereby citizens move towards a controlling position and migrants have to accept a submissive position in the relationship. Citizens adopt a linear approach by viewing the interaction with migrants only from their own perspective and migrants are expected to conform to the language used by citizens; to accept that they are not welcome; to accept that they are blamed for stealing jobs; and that they are often excluded from interactions with citizens. Migrants tend to be visible only in terms of their differences and due to this are often treated as invisible.
The present study contributed to the awareness that interactions between migrants and citizens are inevitable but, also, that these interactions can be optimised by concentrating on relational qualities that can promote positive interactions such as warmth and unconditional acceptance of one another and a reflective attitude towards how they as migrants and citizens impact on one another. Migrants and citizens need to understand that their relationship is determined by how they interact with one another as complex systems. Migrants and citizens as individuals can construct ongoing interactions that promote their well–being and bring about positive relationships that can lead to new outcomes in the migration phenomenon.Thesis (PhD (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
15
Ngwenya, Nomfundo Xenia. "Blacks without borders : African-Americans and South Africa 1984-2007." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608616.
Повний текст джерела
16
Fourie, Mieke. "What African voice? The politics of publishing Africa in IR." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Despite the validity of arguments highlighting the inadequacy of existing theories to explain Third World and specifically African realities, criticism has perpetuated, rather than disarmed, status quo theories. This is because focus on (and thus within) the existing conceptual framework has impeded vision beyond these barriers, thereby hampering the formation of new, more applicable theories. The intellectual balance of power and methodological hegemony of the West is perpetuated, on the African continent through Western monopoly over course content in tertiary education as well as the preferences of publishers for Africanist rather than African contributions. This study provides a critical assessment of scholarly dominance on the topic of Africa in order contribute to a greater understanding of the dynamics acting to exclude non-Western ideas and experiences from the IR narrative. The study provides a content analysis of 25 peer-rated influential journals publishing IR content for the period January 2000 to August 2010. The aim was to identify dominant themes and scholars on the topic of Africa in IR. General biographical information on the five highest ranking scholars in terms of publication exposure was gathered in order to assess networks of academic and professional affiliation that could have contributed to their publishing success. Dominant themes vary between African, Third World and international-oriented journals. Governance is a prevalent theme throughout, but African journals prefer intervention to the international journals’ preoccupation with conflict in Africa. Third World Journals place development first. The five most prolific authors are Ian Taylor, Kevin C. Dunn, Cameron G. Thies, Nana K. Poku and Chris Alden. They are all currently lecturing at either American or British academic institutions and are all Africanists, save for Poku who is a diasporic African. Networks of affiliation are established through institutions of higher education primarily and through societal memberships. The internet does not seem to be an important tool of networking amongst Africanists. Dominant authors tend to collaborate, serve as article reviewers or on editorial boards of journals for which they also submit articles, and as research grant proposal reviewers, thus also constituting the gatekeepers in academia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte van geldige argumente wat aanvoer dat bestaande teorieë nie in staat is daartoe om Derdewêreld ervarings – spesifiek dié van Afrika – genoegsaam te begryp nie, het kritiek eerder hierdie teorieë versterk as ontsetel. Dit is omdat fokus op (en dus vanuit) bestaande teoretiese raamwerke die oorweging van elemente buite hierdie raamwerke onmoontlik maak, en sodoende die ontstaan van nuwe, meer verteenwoordigende raamwerke, teenwerk. Die intellektuele magsbalans en metodologiese hegemonie van die Weste word voortgesit, selfs op die Afrika kontinent, deur Westerse monopolie oor die kursusinhoude van tersiêre instansies, sowel as deur die voorkeur wat Afrikaniste se bydraes geniet bo dié van Afrikane vir publikasie. Hierdie studie bied ‘n kritiese analise van dominansie in kundigheid oor die onderwerp van Afrika om sodoende by te dra tot ‘n meer omskrywende geheelbeeld van die dinamiek wat nie-Westerse idees en ervarings uitsluit tot die diskoers van Internasionale Betrekkinge. Die navorsing is in die vorm van ‘n inhoudsanalise van 25 invloedryke joernale wat inhoud relevant tot Internasionale Betrekkinge publiseer, vir die periode Januarie 2000 tot Augustus 2010. Die doel is om dominante temas en kundiges oor die onderwerp van Afrika se internasionale betrekkinge te identifiseer. Biografiese inligting oor die vyf mees bedrewe kundiges in terme van publikasies is ingesamel om die netwerke van akademiese en professionele affiliasie wat moontlik tot hulle status kon bydra, te assesseer. Dominante temas verskil tussen Afrika-, Derdewêreld- en internasionaal-georiënteerde joernale. Regeerkunde is deurgaans ‘n prominente tema, maar die Afrika-joernale verkies intervensie teenoor die internasionale joernale se fokus op konflik in Afrika. Derdewêreld-joernale plaas meer klem op ontwikkeling. Die vyf mees bedrewe outeurs is Ian Taylor, Kevin C. Dunn, Cameron G. Thies, Nana K. Poku en Chris Alden. Hulle is almal lektore by Amerikaanse of Britse akademiese instansies en, behalwe vir Poku wat deel van die Afrika diaspora vorm, is hulle almal Afrikaniste. Netwerke van affiliasie word deur instansies van hoër opleiding of lidmaatskap aan professionele assosiasies bewerkstellig. Die internet is klaarblyklik nie ‘n baie belangrik instrument in kontakbouing vir Afrikaniste nie. Dominante outeurs is geneig om saam te skryf, hulle is dikwels die artikelkeurders vir joernale of dien op die redaksie en tree ook dikwels in ‘n hoedanigheid van keurders van navorsingsbefondsing op. As sulks is hulle gelyk die dominante akademici as die waghonde van die ivoortoring.
17
Nkabinde, Thulasizwe. "Indigenous features inherent in African popular music of South Africa." Thesis, University of Zululand, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/910.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Music (Performance) in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1997.The central aim of this study is to identify those features in the music of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens that derive from Indigenous African music and show how they have been transformed to become part of popular idioms. All black South African popular music idioms are heavily reliant upon indigenous sources, not only from the compositional, but from the performing and interactive community points of view. In the case of the music of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens, the influence of Zulu culture is particularly strong, although features of others traditions represented in Black urban society are also perceptible. The reasons for the Zulu orientation of the groups lie in the predominantly Zulu make up, as well as the large number of Zulus that make up black South African urban population. Of course, such Indigenous features as can be observed in their music have not necessarily been transferred directly from their original sources: the process of acculturation of the dominant characteristics of tribal rural musical practices with appropriate Western popular idioms began early on in this century, resulting in such representative urban forms as Marabi, Khwela and Mbube. More sophisticated forms and modes of expression have incorporated, and been based on these early manifestations, resulting in hybridised musical genres that reflect the broad and diverse base of African popular music in South Africa today. Ladymith Black Mambazo, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens count among the pioneers of the Mbube, Mbaqanga and the urban popular styles. It is through the medium of Mbube and Mbaqanga that Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens have established their popular base initially in the townships, then through the record industry, and, latterly, in the spread of shebeen culture into affluent white- dominated venues such as the Get-Ahead shebeen in Rosebank. Johannesburg. Through the music of the group it is possible to examine the development of a particular style traditional/popular acculturation as well as the social and political themes that have found their way into the black popular music of the 1980s and 1990s. This research will thus serve as an analytical guide to the music of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Mahlathini and the Mahotell Queens, particularly regarding the issue of acculturation, it will also serve as a case study in the composer-performer-listener chain which underpins any sociologically-orientated investigation into popular culture and it will be argued that the artefacts of popular culture can only be investigated in this way.
18
Modiba, Matome. "Strategies of South African banks expanding into Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30460.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Sub-Saharan African economic environment has experienced growth in the last two decades. This has led to capital inflows into the continent, which has meant that multinational companies have entered the market in search of growth and capital. Due to this, multiple banks have expanded their operations throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. The role that banks play on the African continent is vital as they provide a reliable conduit for capital to enter the market while also promoting economic growth in the countries in which they operate. As one of the largest economies on the continent, South Africa is home to the largest banks in Africa, many which have expanded their operations into the continent. This dissertation is a qualitative case study focusing on the expansion strategies used by some of the South African banks that expanded into SSA. The dissertation aimed to understand which entry strategies led to successful expansions, how the banks defined the success of the expansion as well as what challenges the banks experienced. The dissertation found that successful expansions are driven by the appetite, persistence and level of conviction within the organisation about their expansion strategy. The more consistent and ardent the financial intuition is regarding their strategy, the higher the possibility of achieving a successful expansion. The level of management and organisational support for the strategy, as well as the number of operations the institution established played a role. The financial investment that the organisation undertook for the expansion was also an important factor for success.
19
Kuparinen, Eero. "An African alternative : Nordic migration to South Africa 1815-1914 /." Helsinki : Finnish historical society, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36655066d.
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20
Darko-Ampem, Kwasi Otu. "Scholarly publishing in Africa : a case study of African university presses." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/71.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
University press publishing was introduced in sub-Sahara Africa around the mid 1950s as the new independent countries strived to accelerate the pace of education and training of their peoples with the sole purpose of the rapid socio-economic development of their countries. Just like their universities, African university presses were modeled after their American and European counterparts. Like all genres of publishing, scholarly publishing in Africa has not been cushioned from the challenges imposed by economic factors. In fact publishing in Africa enjoyed a short boom in the early 1970s, but due to the serious socio-economic downturns in most of these countries, starting from the early 1980s, these gains have been halted and in some cases reversed. This study examines the policies and practices of six sub-Saharan Africa university presses. It is a multi-site case study to establish how far the presses have adopted and/or adapted their policies to suit the environment and circumstances of Africa. The study investigates the extent to which constraints facing them affect their publishing efforts, their coping strategies, and the possible avenues of reducing the effect of these constraints. Several data collection methods were employed including on-site visits, interviews, and observations at three of the presses, and a mail survey of all six presses. There is a serious absence of competition and cooperation between the presses surveyed. There are no aggressive fund raising strategies, yet the survey showed financial constraint as the most crucial factor that impedes the development of their publishing activities. The presses do not have press publishing areas or press lists, which define the subject areas in which each of them concentrates its publishing. None of the presses has a formal written policy on manuscript acquisition. The study confirms that university presses publish mainly in the humanities and social sciences. Views on a unique African model of a university press are divided. The issue of author-publisher relationship is high on the presses agenda, especially as African scholars seek publishing avenues with African presses. Opinion on publishing non-scholarly materials was divided but swayed towards getting the needed profits to support non-profitable but essential publishing by the university press. For the majority of the presses, the most important publishing category is undergraduate textbook, and direct sales is the most popular means of marketing their works. The presses have succeeded at selling between 25-65% of their output. The study concludes that the coping strategies adopted by the presses in the face of harsh environmental conditions include the introduction of ICTs, changes in the treatment of authors, editorial policy on publishing non-scholarly materials, staff levels and use of outsourcing, and different approaches to sources of funding. It recommends a consortium of African university presses based at the micro level on Specialization, Cooperation, and the adoption of ICTs especially print-on-demand technologies. Each press must operate as a Trust in order to enjoy autonomy as a private company, but be registered as a non-profit organization. At the macro level funding must be vigorously sourced through donor agencies including The African Development Bank. Governments should prioritize book publishing, the development and stocking of libraries, encourage reading, set up regional university presses, and introduce book and publishing components into research project funds. The study recommends further research into the effect of technological developments on university press publishing in Africa, a follow up study in 10 years to see how university presses in Africa are surviving, and a detailed study of university press consortia and the implications for tertiary education in Africa.
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Duursma, Allard. "African solutions to African challenges : explaining the role of legitimacy in mediating civil wars in Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:054ebfd1-ee08-4dee-b694-cb462361fece.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current scholarly literature on the international mediation of armed conflicts predominantly draws on a rationalist-materialist perspective. This perspective suggests that the ticket to mediation success is the material manipulation of the bargaining environment by third parties with a high degree of economic and military resources. In this dissertation I argue against those that highlight material power when explaining outcomes of international mediation processes. Indeed, this dissertation shows that legitimacy, far more than capacity, determines outcomes of mediation. The reason why legitimacy matters so much is that if a mediator has legitimacy, it can continue to look for a mutual satisfactory outcome and try to pull the conflict parties towards compliance, but if a mediator loses legitimacy, no amount of material resources will prove sufficient in mediating the conflict. In other words, material capacity in the form of economic and military resources may be useful to successfully mediate a conflict, but it is rarely sufficient. Through scrutinising international mediation processes in civil wars in Africa, I develop a theory that explains how mediators are effective because of a high degree of legitimacy rather than military or economic capacity. More specifically, I show how legitimacy matters through comparing the effectiveness of African and non-African third parties. African third parties are typically referred to as ineffective because of a low degree of economic and military capacity. However, African third parties are effective in mediating civil wars in Africa because of a high degree of legitimacy, which is a result of a strong conviction within the African society of states that African mediation is the most desirable type of mediation in conflicts in Africa. Drawing on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program supplemented with unique data, which together cover all mediation efforts in Africa between 1960 and 2012, I find quantitative evidence supporting the effectiveness of African third parties. Compared to non-African third parties, African third parties are far more likely to conclude peace agreements and these peace agreements are more likely to be durable. Two case studies, in which several mediation efforts in civil wars in Sudan are examined, further probe the causal mechanisms that I put forward to explain the effectiveness of African mediation. While I do not claim causal generalisability on the basis of these two case studies, the mediation efforts in Sudan nevertheless suggest that third party legitimacy is central to mediation success. This is the first systematic study that compares African and non-African mediation efforts. Theoretically, this study deviates from much of the literature that solely puts forward rationalist-materialist explanations of mediation success. By bringing legitimacy to the forefront, this dissertation overcomes key limitations in the current mediation literature, in which material sources of power are emphasised and social structures are ignored.
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Björnsdotter, Alicia. "African perceptions of China-Africa links : A quantitative content analysis of East African newspapers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352313.
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Ramsbotham, Alexander. "African Union Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection. An Evaluation of the EU Strategy for Africa and the G8/Africa Joint Plan." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5497.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global demand for peacekeeping is growing, especially in Africa. The United Nations has traditionally been at the forefront of developing peacekeeping theory and practice, and remains the primary operational agency for peacekeeping in Africa. But increasing emphasis is being placed on the African Union to assume greater responsibility for peacekeeping on the continent. The AU is still comparatively new and is in the process of developing its peace and security architecture. Over the past decade, the international community has been supporting African peacekeeping, both to build AU capacity and to provide direct operational support. In 2005 the international community agreed a collective 'responsibility to protect' vulnerable civilians threatened by gross violations of their human rights. And civilian protection is increasingly included in the mandates of peacekeeping missions. Within the context of contemporary complex, multidimensional peacekeeping ('peace support'), civilian protection is not an exclusive operational objective, but is rather one of a number of mandated tasks aimed at establishing more sustainable security as part of a broader peacebuilding goal. The AU has embraced the responsibility to protect principle, adopting a constitutional commitment to protect the rights of vulnerable civilians, including through peacekeeping interventions if necessary. But how capable is the AU in practice to deliver effective peacekeeping to protect civilians? And how appropriate is international support to help realise this ambition?
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Hook, Margaret Rose. "Effect of Lion Calls on African Elephants (Loxodonta Africana) in Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Perceived predation risk alters animals’ behavior. This shift in behavior often comes at the cost of attaining resources. Generally, African elephants (Loxodonta africana) experience little predation pressure; however, the risk of predation by lions (Panthera leo) increases other prey species are less abundant. In elephant herds, related females and their offspring travel together in family groups, led by the eldest female. Response to predation pressure was examined by playing lion calls to the population of 437 elephants at the Main Camp Section of Addo Elephant National Park (AENP) in South Africa. Unfamiliar lion calls from a single male and two males, static, and running water were played from a remote speaker to elephants at waterholes. These trials were recorded by video. Behaviors of elephants were then extracted from video into focal observations of thirty second segments before, during and after a sound was played. I analyzed these data using parametric t-tests and non-parametric randomization tests. When no sound was played, elephants did not alter their behavior. Water elicited low levels of distress behaviors. Elephants behaved in a threatened or annoyed manner toward static. Elephants changed their behavior more in response to lion calls than to the controls, namely by decreasing drinking and increasing walking and distress behaviors. I also examined how individuals differed in their responses to the lion calls based on a number of demographic factors. Adult and subadult females performed more social behaviors after lion calls when the matriarch was absent than when she was present. Furthermore, when group size was larger and more calves were present, females decreased drinking and increased time exhibiting distress behaviors. Based on this and other studies it can be concluded that elephants of different demographics perceived similar levels of elevated risk when hearing lion calls. Landscape of fear models are useful for assessing habitat use by prey species in response to real and perceived predation risk. The present study corroborates findings from a study in East Africa that elephants perceive threat from lions based on calls alone and appear to distinguish levels of threat by the number of lions calling.
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Holcomb, Ronald E. "Harambee! working together to prepare African missionaries /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Ferency, Donna. "Evangelization in Africa's cities particular focus on East Africa /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Mphahlele, Florence Masabatha. "Population explosion and poverty amongst Africans in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17350.
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The current rate of world population growth is one of today's major problems and constitutes a threat to the future of all mankind. Over three and a half billion people live on our small, in places overcrowded planet, and if the present rate of growth continues this figure will double within the next thirty to forty years. This phenomenon has been described as the "population explosion". Why does it constitute a threat? Growth in itself is not necessarily bad; it has been the basis for much human progress in the past. What concerns us is that a large proportion of this growth is concentrated in certain areas of the world and can be linked to the appalling conditions of deprivation endured by millions of men, women and children in these areas. Though the impact of the population explosion is presently restricted to only certain segments of mankind, there is every indication that future consequences may affect all of us. My main focus will be amongst the African population in South Africa. The principal purpose of my thesis is to offer an organised approach to a complex and very controversial subject on the fertility of Africans in South Africa based on research conducted within the Eastern and Western Cape regions. The thesis is divided into five parts. Part A discusses the aims and objectives of the study. It also discusses the methodology of the research and background on area study, and examines the South African population growth. Part B, details theories of population growth. It also reviews literature on the determinants of population growth. In Part C, the research results are tabled and tested for statistical significance. In Part D, the results are compared and discussed with other similar literature findings. Part E, draws conclusions from the findings and recommends possible strategies for action against African population growth in South Africa.
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Bungane, Mbulelo Shadrack. "South Africa's Human Rights Diplomacy in Africa : 1994-2008." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43686.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study examines SA‟s human rights diplomacy in Africa and the selected countries, namely Libya, Nigeria, the Sudan and Zimbabwe during the presidencies of Presidents Mandela and Mbeki. When SA decided to follow an ethics based foreign policy, especially in the area of human rights, it joined a number of countries who had adopted a similar approach such the United States of America, the Netherlands and Australia. These countries have an established history of human rights diplomacy which is supported by institutional and policy frameworks.
The study argues that although both presidents were committed to a human rights oriented foreign policy, due to constraints that they faced in the continent human rights issues were not consistently and concertedly pursued by them, especially following SA‟s 1995 engagement with Nigeria during the term of the Sani Abacha government. These constraints led to a major shift in SA‟s human rights diplomacy. This shift entailed a move away from unilateral action to reliance on multilateral forums to deal with human rights challenges; the development of continental norms and standards, as well as strengthening continental structures; and conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction and development in Africa. This shift became evident in the content of Departmental strategic plans, and reporting both internally and externally to oversight structures such as Parliament. Hardly any proactive plans were developed to address human rights issues in any of the individual countries. Reporting to Parliament also focused on developments at a multilateral level both at the UN and AU with little coverage of human rights issues in individual countries.
The use of multilateral bodies such as the SADC to address human rights issues became more pronounced, the Zimbabwean crisis being the case in point. Despite the merits of the collective approach, its value is diminished if it is undertaken to the exclusion of bilateral engagements by South African diplomats in specific countries or if gross human rights violations are not raised in multilateral bodies. Similarly, the significance of the normative framework and requisite structures cannot be doubted, but because the results of these initiatives are only realisable in the medium to long term, this approach needs to be buttressed by bilateral diplomatic engagements.
During the period from 1994 to 2008, SA also engaged in a number of conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction and development initiatives. These interventions averted human rights violations by securing peace as well as facilitating the development of constitutional and related frameworks to ensure the protection of human rights in the affected states.
In conclusion, with the exception of Nigeria, SA hardly intervened on its own to intercede on behalf of victims of civil and political rights violations in any of the four states covered by the study. Its approach undermined its commitment to promote and protect human rights in the African continent.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2015
Political Sciences
MA
Unrestricted
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Björsne, Lisa. "Regional Integration in Africa : Is the African Union facing legitimacy problems?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The African Union (AU) is the continent-wide project for economic and political integration in Africa. It takes inspiration from the European Union (EU), where two major problems could be discerned. Firstly, the European and the African context differ from each other, economically,socially and politically. Secondly, the EU itself has been criticized for legitimacy problems,including ineffective decision-making processes, not satisfying tasks for the European Parliament (EP), and low voter turnout in the elections to the EP. Thus, it is interesting to ask whether it ispossible to create a legitimate African Union with the objectives to unite and strengthen the African continent through political and economic actions, when it takes inspiration from a quasisupranational organization which operates in a different political setting, and whose legitimacy hasbeen highly questioned.
The purpose of this paper was to examine and discuss whether the AU faces legitimacy problems,and if it does, what kind of legitimacy-problems? To specify the purpose, three questions were posed:
What is the status of the process of making the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) a legislativeand popularly authorized organ?
What are the AU's ambitions and means for building a common African identity?
How is the AU financed, and what can be said about the economy's effect on the AU'scapacity to perform effectively?
The conclusions show that the AU seems to be facing legitimacy problems. Firstly, a legislative organ is important in this kind of organization, and in order to be a legitimate legislative organ it is important to have the representatives elected by the people. The project of transforming the PAPinto a legislative organ has started, but to let the people elect their representatives to the PAP has notyet been provided for. Secondly, it seems like the AU have problems concerning funding. The basic means for funding the AU is through member-state contributions, and the AU suffers from outstanding payments, delayed payments, and some also argues that the member-state contributions are too small. This is a major obstacle for the union's development, since a weak economy willhinder the AU institutions' performance. The AU also stands before a huge task of creating a sharedAfrican identity – that is, creating the African demos. The ambitions for carrying out this project are expressed in different AU-documents, and the PAP have a great role in this project. Although, tostudy how this project is going was not a part of this paper's purpose and is left for further research.
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Ogunyemi, Christopher Babatunde. "Various voices in African poetry : analysis of poems of black Africa." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Litteraturvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2767.
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Tshibangu, Tharcisse. "The Special Synod for Africa and the Tasks of African Theology." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1994. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,422.
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Muhambe, Baganda Herman. "Information behaviour of African immigrants living in Cape Town, South Africa." The University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5808.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Library and Information Studies)The study investigated the information seeking behaviour of African immigrants who live in the City of Cape Town, South Africa. The key objectives of the study were to identify information needs and information seeking patterns of African immigrants in the City of Cape Town; to identify barriers between information and these immigrants; and to form strategies or suggestions for overcoming these barriers so that the organisations that serve immigrant communities may better address these information needs. The study applied a mixed methods approach, which included both quantitative and qualitative methods. The two methods were used as a combination in this research so as to take advantage of the strengths of the two approaches. The data collection tools were an administered questionnaire for quantitative data and semi-structured interviews for qualitative data. Pre-testing of research tools, evaluation of research methods, and consideration of ethical issues were discussed to ensure validity and reliability of research findings. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel, while the qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The overall response rate was 95% (228 out of 240 sample size). The study was informed by Gary Burnett and Paul T. Jaeger’s (2011) Theory of Information Worlds. The study revealed that, upon African immigrants’ arrival in South Africa, they search for basic information to survive, such as information about jobs, accommodation and a means of self-improvement, including training and learning English. These needs continuously persist as human beings always seek for improvement in life. Over time the need for other types of information, such as information about driving and recreation, including gymnasium training, and services, including health services, also becomes prominent. Therefore, time is one of the factors that influences African immigrants’ information needs. As they become established over time, some of their information needs change.The majority of participants who lived in the City of Cape Town for a long period of time indicated that overall, they found information they needed from different formal sources, including government offices, Non - Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the internet, while those who were relatively new in the Cape Town area mainly consulted friends and relatives for information. The findings of the study highlighted certain issues that African immigrants experience when searching for information. These issues hampered them to not fully access information in order to satisfy their needs. It included the inability to speak English, lack of connections, policies and procedures, discrimination, racism and xenophobia, and a sense of social exclusion, to name a few. The study further revealed that interpersonal information seeking behaviour played a critical role in the lives of African immigrants, not only because of the language barrier, which does not enable them to connect with the outside world, but also because of credibility and trustworthy networking. It was discovered that most African immigrants do not come to South Africa with the whole family straight away without knowing someone already living here in South Africa. Men first come alone, as it is easier for men to survive all kinds of surprises of the journey, to live anywhere with friends while trying to save money, and to make sure they become comfortable with the new surroundings before bringing the family. In this regard, they build information connections with other fellow African immigrants at work, at church and in the area where they live. These new friends become their primary sources of information. Having friends who look like them, share similar backgrounds or speak the same language builds trustworthiness and credibility in African immigrants’ information seeking behaviour. This network kept on growing as African immigrants meet new people throughout their lives in Cape Town. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that government; public libraries in the City of Cape Town and NGOs that serve African immigrants take the English language barrier into consideration and create as many facilities as possible where African immigrants can easily learn English at minimum cost. It is also recommended that government institutions, banks and other institutions that might interact with African immigrants create an environment that will be free of all kinds of discrimination when providing information in order for African immigrants to feel welcome and socially included.
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Akidiva, Arbogast Kemoli. "Radio and literature in Africa, Lee Nichols' Conversations with African writers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21545.pdf.
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Labode, Modupe Gloria. "African Christian women and Anglican missionaries in South Africa : 1850-1910." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333301.
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Coombes, A. E. S. "The representation of Africa and the African in England, 1890-1913." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291714.
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Kleynhans, Evert Philippus. "Armoured warfare : the South African experience in East Africa 1940-1941." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MMil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Following South African entry into the Second World War on 6 September 1939, the Union Defence Force (UDF) transformed from an ageing peacetime defence force into a modern armed force capable of projecting offensive power. During the interwar period a certain state of melancholia had existed in the UDF in terms of military innovation, which resulted in muddled thinking in the UDF in terms of armoured warfare and mechanisation. The offensive potential of armoured forces was simply not understood by the South African defence planners, with the result that there was only a token armoured force in the UDF in September 1939. The South African entry into the war was the impetus for the development of a viable armoured force within the UDF, and the South African Tank Corps (SATC) was established in May 1940. Changes in both the nature and organisational structure of the South African defence establishment followed. The Italian presence in Abyssinia and Italian Somaliland was seen as a direct threat to the neighbouring British East African territories, and South Africa deployed to Kenya during June 1940, soon after the Italian declaration of war. The South African deployment to East Africa was the first deployment of the UDF in a situation of regular war since the First World War. Despite the doctrine that underpinned the South African deployment of armoured forces in East Africa, the SATC units soon learned that the accepted doctrine, borrowed from the British War Office during the interwar period, was but a mere guide to offensive employment. The story of the South African deployment to East Africa during the war is used as a lens through which to investigate the role and employment of both the UDF armoured cars and light tanks. By separately discussing the Allied offensives through Italian Somaliland and southern Abyssinia during 1940-1941, the tactical and operational employment of the South African armour during this time becomes paramount when evaluated against their successes and failures. The nature of the opposing Italian forces in East Africa, the ever-changing topography and climate of the theatre of operations, and the nature of the South African offensive operations throughout the campaign, all combined to shape the novel way in which the armoured cars and tanks of the SATC were employed throughout 1940-1941. The operational experiences that the UDF gained during the campaign in East Africa shaped the further deployments of South African armour to North Africa, Madagascar and Italy during the remainder of the war.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Na Suid-Afrika se toetrede tot die Tweede Wêreldoorlog op 6 September 1939, het die Unieverdedigingsmag (UVM) verander vanaf ‘n verouderde vredestydse weermag na ‘n moderne mag met offensiewe projeksievermoëns. Gedurende die tussenoorlogperiode het ‘n gevoel van swaarmoedigheid in terme van militêre inovasie in die UVM geheers. Die resultaat hiervan was verwarde denke ten opsigte van pantseroorlogvoering en meganisasie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse verdedigingsbeplanners het nie die offensiewe potensiaal van pantsermagte verstaan nie. Die gevolg was dat die UVM in September 1939 slegs oor ‘n simboliese pantsermag beskik het. Die Suid-Afrikaanse toetrede tot die oorlog het die stukrag vir die ontwikkeling van ‘n lewensvatbare pantsermag binne die UVM verleen. Gevolglik is die Suid-Afrikaanse Tenkkorps (SATK) in Mei 1940 gestig. Veranderinge in beide die aard en organisatoriese struktuur van die Suid-Afrikaanse verdedigingsinstellings het gevolg. Die Italiaanse teenwoordigheid in Abessinië en Italiaans-Somaliland is as ‘n direkte bedreiging vir die aangrensende Britse Oos-Afrika gebiede gesien. In Junie 1940, kort na die Italiaanse oorlogsverklaring, is Suid-Afrikaanse magte na Kenia ontplooi. Die UVM ontplooiing na Oos-Afrika was die eerste in ‘n gereelde oorlogsituasie sedert die Eerste Wêreldoorlog. Ten spyte van die doktrine wat die Suid-Afrikaanse ontplooiing van pantsermagte na Oos-Afrika ondersteun het, het die SATK-eenhede gou geleer dat die aanvaarde doktrine, ontleen aan die Britse Ministerie van Oorlog gedurende die tussenoorlogsjare, slegs ‘n gids was tot offensiewe aanwending. Die storie van die Suid- Afrikaanse ontplooiing in Oos-Afrika gedurende die oorlog, word as ‘n lens gebruik waardeur die rol en aanwending van beide die UVM se pantserkarre en ligte tenks ondersoek word. Die geallieerde offensiewe deur Italiaans-Somaliland en suidelike Abessiniȅ gedurende 1940 – 1941 illustreer duidelik dat die taktiese en operasionele aanwending van die Suid- Afrkaanse pantsermagte gedurende hierdie tydperk van groot belang was vir die suksesse en mislukkings van die veldtog. Die aard van die opponerende magte in Oos-Afrika, die voortdurend veranderende topografie en klimaat van die operasionele teater, asook die aard van die Suid-Afrikaanse offensiewe operasies gedurende die veldtog, het gekombineer om die unieke manier waarop die pantserkarre en tenks van die UVM van 1940 tot 1941 aangewend is, te vorm. Die operasionele ervarings wat die UVM opgedoen het gedurende die Oos-Afrika Veldtog, het die verdere ontplooiings van Suid-Afrikaanse pantser na Noord- Afrika, Madagaskar en Italiȅ gedurende die res van die oorlog gevorm.
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Fish, Therese. "The construction of African regional and all-Africa stock market indices." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MBA) --Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Africa's stock markets are considered by many emerging market specialists to have great potential for investors. Developing models which track share/financial indices provide a means of disseminating information about market performance. With the active move towards regional stock markets, regional indices will provide an important tool for performance of the region. Stock market indices provide information to investors and portfolio managers about the performance of various markets or groups of stocks. Investors can use the movement of indices as a way of assessing market trends and opportunities for investment. As economic integration increases in Africa, it will become increasingly important to have markers of regional market performance. This study project collected weekly market capitalisation data from the markets in the various regions, which were utilised to construct regional all-share indices for the year 2000. Regional indices for three of the four regions within Africa were constructed. The three indices are the EASDEX (for East Africa), the NADEX (for North Africa) and the WADEX (for West Africa). The weekly market capitalisation data were further utilised to construct an All-Africa index. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) dominates the Southern African Development Community (SADC) regional market's total market capitalisation. Similarly the SAOG region dominates the total market capitalisation for Africa. The JSE contributes 59% to the total market capitalisation of Africa (January 2000). The All-Africa index moves together with the SADIX (SAOG regional index) confirming the high weighting of South Africa in the total market capitalisation of Africa. Encouraging economic growth throughout Africa and not just in Southern Africa will assist the continent as a whole to attract market capital. In the long term this should increase market growth in the other regions of Africa and enable investors to diversify into Africa. There are certainly opportunities for investors in Africa. The low correlation between Egypt and the other two North African markets allows for diversification within the North African Region. Nigeria has been the market that had the highest returns during 2000, one that outperformed many international markets. SADIX has low or negative correlation coefficients with the rest of the African individual as well as the regional market indices. Historically emerging markets are volatile and risky. The case for diversification into emerging markets originates from the high economic growth potential of emerging markets, together with low correlation with other developed markets. The development of All-Share indices, which track market performance on the African continent, will assist both potential institutional as well as individual investors.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Afrika se effektemarkte word deur baie opkomende markspesialiste beskou as potensieel gunstig vir beleggers. Deur modelle wat aandele/finansiële indekse volg te ontwikkel, word 'n middel voorsien om informasie oor markprestasie te ontleed. Met die aktiewe beweging na streeksaandelemarkte, sal streeksindekse 'n belangrike maatstaf vir die prestasie van 'n area voorsien. Aandelemarkindekse voorsien informasie aan beleggers en portefeulje bestuurders oor die prestasie van verskeie markte of aandelegroepe. Beleggers kan die beweging van die indekse gebruik om marktendense te ontleed asook om geleenthede vir investering te identifiseer. Dit sal belangriker raak om maatstawwe van streeksmarkprestasie te hê soos ekonomiese integrasie in Afrika toeneem. Hierdie studieprojek het weeklikse markkapitalisasie data van die markte in die verskeie areas versamel, wat gebruik is om 'n streeksindeks van alle aandele vir die jaar 2000 saam te stel. Streeksindekse vir drie van die vier streke binne Afrika is saamgestel. Die drie indekse is die EASDEX (Oos Afrika), die NADEX (Noord Afrika) en die WADEX (Wes Afrika). Die weeklikse markkapitalisasie data is verder aangewend om 'n Alle- Afrika indeks saam te stel. Die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs (JEB) domineer die totale markkapitalisasie van die Suidelike Afrika Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SAOG) se streeksmark. Insgelyk domineer die SAOG streek die totale markkapitalisasie vir Afrika. Die JES dra 59% by tot die totale markkapitalisasie van Afrika (Januarie 2000). Die Alle-Afrika indeks beweeg saam met die SADIX (SAOG streeksindeks) wat die gewigtigheid van Suid Afrika in die totale markkapitalisasie van Afrika bevestig. Deur ekonomiese groei regdeur Afrika en nie bloot in Suider Afrika nie, aan te spoor, sal dit die vasteland as 'n geheel steun om markkapitaal aan te trek. Op die lange duur behoort dit groei te bevorder in die ander streke van Afrika en beleggers in staat te stel om binne Afrika te diversifiseer. Daar is ongetwyfeld geleenthede vir beleggers in Afrika. Die lae onderlinge afhanklikheid tussen Egipte en die ander twee Noord Afrika markte laat diversifikasie binne die Noord Afrika streek toe. Nigerië is die mark met die hoogste opbrengste tydens 2000 en het selfs baie internasionale markte oortref. SADIX het lae of negatiewe korrelasiekoeffisiënte met die res van die Afrika individuele-, sowel as die streeksmarkindekse. Histories is opkomende markte onstabiel en riskant. Partydigheid vir diversifikasie in opkomende markte ontstaan vanuit die hoë ekonomiese groeipotensiaal van hierdie markte tesame met lae onderlinge afhanklikheid met ander ontwikkelde lande. Deur indekse van alle aandele wat markprestasie op die Afrika-vasteland volg saam te stel, sal beide potensiële institusionele, sowel as individuele beleggers se besluite/ontledings ondersteun word.
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Kabala, Emmanuel Tshilenga. "Collective sin in Africa : a missiological approach to the African crisis." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis does not attempt to castigate Africa for its collective sin. The focus
on collective sin in Mrica does not suggest that collective sin is limited to
Africa, but simply that Africa is suffering from this sin. It is regrettable, but
indeed a reality, that collective sin has impacted negatively on Mrica. The
influence of sin on African theological thinking has had far reaching
consequences and has also affected the culture of Africa in general. Sin has
also completely permeated social and political arenas in Africa.
This thesis identifies three kinds of collective sin: cultural sin, social sin and
structural sin. It points out that, unfortunately, sin has strongly influenced the
collective existence of the Church throughout the world. The conclusion is
reached that the mission of the church always therefore remains to counter sin
and its origin, whether this is original, individual or collective sin within the
church or in the community.
The argument begins by setting out the conceptual framework to this study
and outlining the methodology. Thereafter, it provides a clarification of the
terminology used. Chapter Two presents an understanding of collective sin in
African traditional religion by situating the discussion within an
anthropological, historical and ideological frame of reference.
Chapters Three and Four, respectively, explore the three categories of
collective sin in depth and explore collective sin within a specific tribe - the
Baluba tribe. A systematic treatment of collective sin follows in Chapter Five.
This involves providing a full theological and biblical explication of sin.
Chapter Six discusses collective sin, more generally, in Africa; attempts to
identify the causes of the crisis; and begins to proffer some tentative solutions.
These latter solutions are more fully articulated in Chapter Eight, by identifying the true mtsston of church. The penultimate chapter places
collective sin within a global and a church context.
An annotated Harvard system has been used for notation and vibliographical
references.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1999.
Science of Religion and Missiology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Boughey, Paul. "Regionalisation in Southern Africa : the problem of malign South African hegemony." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3803.
Повний текст джерела
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Hauer-Nussbaumer, Barbara. "Out of Africa - New Media, Back Writing and the African Diaspora." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study is to explore the relation of New Media, in particular blogging, at the intersection of the African Diaspora, identity construction and postcolonial thought. Postcolonialism is a theory and practice that seeks to encounter the dominant Western discourse and its affects on both the individual as well as society as a whole. It critically addresses and means to deconstruct Western representations of the ‘Third World’, in the case of this study ‘Africa’. It aims at hearing and recovering the experiences of the colonized or of those who have to deal with colonialism’s legacies and one of the most established strategies to do so is ‘writing back’ and delivering a counter-story that challenges the dominant discourse and its inherent power structures. New Media, through the relative ease of access and the communicative possibilities they present, blur the lines between media producers and consumers. They offer an attractive option for anyone with a certain level of computer literacy (and economic conditions) to enter the stage and produce his/ her own media content. Through New Media, it becomes possible to confront dominant media culture, politics and power and reclaim a space where a different story can be told. Weblogs, or blogs, are one of the most popular phenomena within New Media. They are a format for creating a sense of individual presence on the Web, allowing the author(s) to articulate and archive his/her/their thoughts. They can be seen as ‘digital identity narratives’, where people tell stories about themselves and how they see the world.In the frame of this study, six weblogs which belong to a blogosphere of African, mainly diasporic bloggers, have been analysed using a combination of narrative analysis and qualitative interviews in order to learn more about how New Media impact on the construction of identity for those who are permanently challenged by society for being ‘the Other’, and how they are used to oppose the Western discourse about Africa and to ‘write back’.
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Rankin, John. "Healing the African Body: British Medicine in West Africa, 1800-1860." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/0826220541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This timely book explores the troubled intertwining of religion, medicine, empire, and race relations in the early nineteenth century. John Rankin analyzes the British use of medicine in West Africa as a tool to usher in a “softer” form of imperialism, considers how British colonial officials, missionaries, and doctors regarded Africans, and explores the impact of race classification on colonial constructs.
Rankin goes beyond contemporary medical theory, examining the practice of medicine in colonial Africa as Britons dealt with the challenges of providing health care to their civilian employees, African soldiers, and the increasing numbers of freed slaves in the general population, even while the imperialists themselves were threatened by a lack of British doctors and western medicines. As Rankin writes, “The medical system sought to not only heal Africans but to ‘uplift’ them and make them more amenable to colonial control . . . Colonialism starts in the mind and can be pushed on the other solely through ideological pressure.”https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1089/thumbnail.jpg
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Malangu, Ntambwe. "Acute poisoning in three African countries: Botswana, South Africa and Uganda." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/674.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (PhD (Epidemiology)-- University of Limpopo, 2011.Acute poisoning constitutes one of the main reasons why patients visit emergency departments of hospitals. However, the burden and pattern of acute poisoning in African countries are not well established, hence the need for this study. This study was conducted in order to compare the patterns of acute poisoning in three countries, namely, Botswana, South Africa, and Uganda. Specifically, this study examined the similarities and differences in the patterns of occurrence of acute poisoning based on the sociodemographic characteristics of the victims, the toxic agents involved, and the circumstances of the incidents. The study was based on six papers published on the topic. Papers I and II about Botswana covered a period of 24 months (January 2004 - December 2005) and six months (January - June 2005) respectively. The data from Uganda, as reported in Paper III, covered a six-month period (January-June 2005); while studies in South Africa, Papers IV to VI, covered respectively six (January-June 2005) and 18 months (January 2000-June 2001). A re-analysis of data from Papers II to IV was conducted after recoding age category and the grouping of toxic agents. In total, the six Papers reported data on 1780 patients; 54.8% of them were male. The median age was 24 years in Uganda, but as low as 17 years in Botswana and South Africa. In Botswana and South Africa, acute poisoning incidents occurred mostly in children younger than 12 years old, then decreased among teenagers, and increased again among young adults, before decreasing among patients over 30 years old. On the contrary, in Uganda there was that less than 5% of children younger than 12 years who were victims of poisoning. There was an increase in the prevalence of acute poisoning among teenagers and young adults before a decrease occurred among adults over 30 years old. The overall case fatality rate was 2.1 %, ranging from 1.4% in Uganda, 2.4% in South Africa, to 2.6% in Botswana. With regard to similarities across the three countries, it was found that among teenagers, girls committed more deliberate self-poisoning than boys; while in young adults, men committed more self-poisoning than women. With regard to toxic agents, household products were involved in fatal Page 9 of 136 outcomes in all three countries; while agrichemicals were more involved in deliberate than accidental poisonings; food poisoning affected more females than males. With regard to disparities across the three countries, the age and gender of the victims, the circumstances of the incidents and the types of toxic agents played a significant role. With regard to gender, the majority of the victims were males in Uganda, females in South Africa; while in Botswana, females and males were affected equally. Among teenagers, the toxic agents most involved in the poisoning incidents were pharmaceuticals in Botswana; household chemicals in South Africa; but agrichemicals in Uganda. While the majority of incidents happened by accident in Botswana and South Africa, being respectively 76.7% and 59.1%; in Uganda, 64.5% of acute poisoning cases were deliberate self¬poisoning. Deliberate self-poisoning was responsible for 50% of deaths in Uganda, 30% in South Africa, but no death in Botswana. The majority of deaths occurred among teenagers in South Africa; in Uganda it was among adults over 30years; while in Botswana, the majority of deaths were distributed almost equally amongst children younger than 12years old and young adults. Diverse products were involved in fatal outcomes. In South Africa, pharmaceuticals, particularly drugs of abuse, cocaine and marijuana; as well as carbon monoxide, and organophosphates were involved in fatalities. While, in Botswana, the products involved were paraffin, traditional medicines, pharmaceuticals, food poisoning, plants, and snake envenomation. In contrast, in Uganda, alcohol intoxication, organophosphates, carbon monoxide, and some unspecified household products lead to fatalities. Household chemicals were involved in the deaths of victims in all three countries; but the extent of their involvement differed from country to country. This group of products was responsible of 75% of deaths in Uganda, half of deaths in South Africa, and in a third of deaths in Botswana. Agrichemicals were involved in the deaths of victims in Uganda and South Africa, but not in Botswana. They were involved in a quarter of deaths in Uganda and 10% of deaths in South Africa. Page 10 of 136 Plants and traditional medicines were involved in two-thirds of the deaths only in Botswana; while pharmaceuticals were involved in 40% of fatal outcomes only in South Africa. In conclusion, the contextual factors of each country led to a pattern of acute poisoning that showed some similarities with regard to the distribution of deliberate self-poisoning among females, teenagers, and young adult victims. However, there were disparities relating to the differential access to toxic agents, based on the age and gender of the victims. Moreover, though the case fatality rate was similar across the three countries, the distribution of deaths based on age, gender, circumstances of poisoning and types of toxic agents involved differed among the three countries. These findings suggest that multifaceted interventions should be implemented including policy development, enforcement of the existing legislation, and the establishment of a surveillance mechanism, in-service training of clinicians and revision of treatment guidelines. These interventions should be tailored to meet the specific realities of each country.
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Håkansson, Anna, and Petra Nilsson. "Windpower Africa." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1612.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During our study trip to Tanzania we discovered one of the great issues for farmers to be need of running water. So we asked ourselves: How can water from Lake Victoria be transported to the small scale farmer’s household and farm in the most optimized way? During the stay in North West of Tanzania we made field trips to the rural areas in Mara Region in order to understand the farmers who are the potential users. We performed semi structured interviews and observations during the whole field study. We also came to the conclusion that wind is a good source of power which can be used to pump water. The wind comes in from Lake Victoria in the same direction everyday. So therefore we decided to construct a water pumping wind power station for small scale farmers.
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Khumalo, Mahlomola. "How South African banking sector facilitates South African foreign direct investment into Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Currently, South Africa is a leading intra-continental foreign direct investor in Africa, in general, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular. The internationalisation of South African enterprises has throughout the period following the advent of the new dispensation in 1994 assumed two forms: banking and non-banking cross-border expansions. These cross-border expansions have largely involved greenfield, merger and acquisition and joint venture types of investment. Increased trade between South Africa and the region and huge business and investment opportunities have been the pre-eminent motive forces behind the country's nonbanking and banking foreign direct investment drive into Sub-Saharan Africa. A number of studies have been conducted about South African general outward foreign direct investment, but none so specifically about the involvement of the South African multinational banks in this cross-border expansion by the country's multinational firms. In fact, no obvious and composite information is readily available about the "how" aspect of the involvement. It is the objective of this study therefore to investigate "how" South African banks with multinational behaviour have facilitated and continue to facilitate the way for South African foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. The outcome of the research effort makes for an interesting discovery that demonstrates how South African banks indeed facilitate South African outward FDI flows into the Sub-Saharan region. A case study illustration in this research report clearly shows that banks, driven by their own foreign direct investment interests, were simultaneously facilitating and driving nonbanking foreign direct investment in the region. Benefits and costs are also accruing to firms and countries (host country and home country to a lesser degree) involved in the crossborder investment activities. South African outward foreign direct investment, although very important to Sub-Saharan Africa, has serious challenges to contend with in the region. Pockets of conflict and instability in some countries with lucrative opportunities continue to bedevil South African foreign direct investment. Policy and regulatory environments in some countries still remain to be a downside for the attraction of South African outward foreign direct investment, including banking foreign direct investment. Interestingly, South African govemment is keenly involved to ensure that trade and investment in Sub-Saharan Africa flow uninterruptedly without prejudicing any party. Trade and investment opportunities are indeed the key motives for South African outward foreign direct investment into Sub-Saharan Africa. The ''follow-your-client'' paradigm is largely responsible for the South African multinational banks' drive across the border into the region. This ''follow-your-client'' concept in the South Africa foreign direct investment context and other related concepts must be further researched in much greater detail and wider approach. But this does not take away the essence and significance of this study which, amongst other things, provides a good foundation for future research undertakings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Huidiglik is Suid-Afrika die voorstander in die intra-kontinentale vaste buitelandse investering in Afrika in die algemeen en spesifiek in Sub-Sahara Afrika. Die internasionalisering van Suid-Afrikaanse besighede het na 1994 twee vorme aangeneem, t.w. die uitbreiding van bank- en nie-bankinvestering. Die uitbreiding sluit in samesmeltings en venootskappe van investeringsgeleenthede. Verhoogde handel, investeringsgeleenthede en besigheid tussen Suid-Afrika en Sub-Sahara Afrika was die dryfkrag agter die land se vaste buitelandse beleggings. Aigemene studies is gedoen van Suid-Afrikaanse buitelandse beleggings, maar niks so spesifiek soos die samewerking van Suid-Afrikaanse banke met die banke van buitelandse multinasionale firmas nie. Daar is geen inligting vrylik bekombaar oor die 'hoe' van die buitelandse beleggings nie. Die doel van hierdie studie is om juis te bepaal hoe Suid-Afrikaanse banke tans en op die pad vorentoe te werk gaan om vaste buitelandse investerings met multinasionale besighede in Sub-Sahara Afrika uit te brei. 'n Teoretiese grondslag van die debat, definisies en begrip van die konsep "vaste buitelandse investering" vorm deel van die ondersoek, waar beide primere en sekondere data gebruik is. Moeite is gedoen om te verseker dat die data en inligting wat gebruik is, gebaseer is op die "global research methodology", wat insluit vraelyste en elektroniese onderhoude. Hierdie terugvoering wys daarop dat Suid-Afrikaanse banke inderdaad pro-aktief is in die veld van uitwaardse vaste beleggings in die Sub-Sahara area. Banke doen nie net hul eie vaste buitelandse investerings nie, maar fasiliteer dit vir nie-bank vaste buitelandse beleggings. Dit lei tot voordele en kostebesparings vir firmas in die proses van beleggingsaktiwiteite. Alhoewel Suid-Afrikaanse vaste beleggings belangrik is vir ander Afrikastate, is daar ook heelwat slaggate om in ag te neem. Onstabiliteite in lande met aansienlike investeringspotensiaal maak dit moeilik vir Suid-Afrika om te investeer. In baie lande het reels en regulasies nog steeds 'n negatiewe invloed op buitelandse investerings, wat banke insluit. Handel en beleggingsgeleenthede is die motief vir Suid-Afrikaanse investering in SubSahara lande. Die gesegde "follow your client" is die dryfkrag agter die Suid-Afrikaanse banke om te investeer. Daar moet meer ondersoek gedoen word oor die "follow your client" konsep. Hierdie verslag is dus slegs 'n begin punt waarop daar uitgebrei moet word deur verdere ondersoeke.
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Matthews, Sally Joanne. "The African Renaissance as a response to dominant Western political discourses on Africa : a critical assessment." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05302007-162640.
Повний текст джерела
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Njomo, Louis Mosake. "Satisfying the indigenous food needs of Sub-saharan African immigrants in South Africa: A food consumption behaviour model for South Africa's leading supermarket chains." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1714.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (DTech(Marketing Management)-- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011The fall of apartheid in South Africa has attracted a large number of immigrants from different parts of the world, predominantly from sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africans immigrate to South Africa mainly in search of greener pastures and for educational enhancement. However, in pursuit of their objectives, sub-Saharan African immigrants encounter numerous challenges. One of the main challenges encountered by sub-Saharan African immigrants in South Africa is the absence of indigenous foods in South Africa’s leading supermarkets. As a result, the majority of these immigrants are compelled to modify their taste and food needs to comply with available local products. Sub-Saharan African immigrants in South Africa also consume indigenous foods obtained from friends and relatives visiting South Africa and from ethnic entrepreneurs. However, ethnic entrepreneurs are perceived to be expensive, have poor quality products and a limited variety of stocks. As a result, the majority of sub-Saharan African immigrants in South Africa prefer to buy their indigenous foodstuffs from South Africa’s major supermarkets, in the case where they are stocked by these supermarkets. It is noteworthy that, South Africa’s leading supermarket chains acknowledge the potential of the emerging sub-Saharan African immigrant market and are interested in stocking indigenous food products from other sub-Saharan African countries. However, these supermarkets lack the knowledge and understanding of the market in order to establish marketing strategies to cater for their immigrant customers’ indigenous food needs. This study has established a food consumption behaviour model of the sub-Saharan African immigrants in South Africa.
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Sibuyi, Lucas Nkosana. "An assessment of the African Peer Review Mechanism with specific reference to South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/758.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Heads of State and Government Implementation Committee (HSGIC) of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (Nepad) acknowledged and recognised the centrality of good governance within the context of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), an innovative mechanism acceded to by member states of the African Union (AU) as a self- monitoring mechanism for good governance. South Africa is one of the countries which acceded to the APRM in 2003. Accordingly, South Africa appointed a National Governing Council (NGC) under the chairpersonship of the Minister of Public Services and Administration as the focal point to develop a strategy to manage the national APRM process. The NGC was constituted of business, the disabled, civil society, churches, trade unions, government and women’s coalitions thus ensuring all relevant stakeholders are represented. As part of South Africa’s country assessment, questionnaires dealing with the four core thematic areas of the APRM were sent through to the public by community development workers. In addition, four technical assessment agencies were appointed to assist in conducting research on the four thematic areas. The primary objective of this study is to examine the theoretical approach to the study and the African Peer Review Mechanism’s contemporary relevance to South Africa, its intended beneficiaries and an assessment of South Africa for the period 2006. The study revealed that Proportional Representation (PR) and floor-crossing have an impact on the sustainability, relevance, long term development, vibrancy and profundity of constitutional democracy in the country. Clearly, since the dawn of the democratic dispensation in South Africa the electoral system introduced is such that it had to take into account the challenges the country faced during the apartheid system of governance. In this context, enough space for free political competition in the country was created. On the basis of the findings of the study, it is patently clear that the time allocated for the CSAR was minimal and the country should have been given at least two years so that the self assessment could have been extensively done. On the issue of HIV and AIDS and its relationship to socio-economic conditions, it was revealed that the country has a lot to do in this regard. The debilitating effect that HIV and AIDS has on the lives of the citizens requires clarity of policy and strategy, consistency in public communication and the need for sustained partnerships amongst all relevant stakeholders. At another level, there was a call for a basic income grant although government does not necessarily support it. Based on the research findings above, a new research area outlined under recommendations can be conceptualized for further research and it requires some attention.
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Mabula, Ignatius [Verfasser]. "Africa's Development. Challenges Confronting Africa to Implement NEPAD / Ignatius Mabula." München : GRIN Verlag, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1187243981/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Donkor, Kimathi. "Africana unmasked : fugitive signs of Africa in Tate's British Collection." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/12019/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Through painting, drawing, photography and digital design, I have investigated the relationship between, on the one hand, my fine art practice—with its interest in postcolonial African and diaspora identities (or, ‘Africana’)—and on the other hand, works at The Tate Gallery—with its remit to hold the National Collection of British Art. By interrogating iconological ‘conditions of existence’ for works by Fehr, Sargent and Brock, I created new artworks that indicated hidden (or, ‘fugitive’) African connections with the intention of disrupting complacent assumptions and reimagining unacknowledged (or, ‘masked’) themes. I considered concepts of Africa: described by Mudimbe as ‘discursive formations’ (after Foucault) and embodying postcolonial, transracial identities; in addition, I addressed the problematics of Tate’s British Art collection as a post-imperial brand of ‘cultural capital’. Unmasking fugitive Africana was a practical methodology designed to produce artworks. So,while aware of many theoretical interlocutors, I pursued a convoluted, sometimes intuitive path through the creative process by making drawings, digital designs, photographs and paintings. Nonetheless, Stuart Hall’s framework of an ‘oppositional code’ was key and so I suggest that, as practiced by artists, ‘unmasking Africana’ might be an inherently counter-hegemonic,critical project. My investigation embodied technical and conceptual problematics of critical enquiry as a mode of studio practice. I explored unmasking methodologies through reading, observation,reflection and painterly, synthesised appropriations—also witnessing an evolution in my imagery, from iconographically layered compositions to works in which identities and motifs seemed to fuse. As well as the studio investigation and writing, my project had a pedagogic element. In a series of seminars, I taught MA students at C.C.W. Graduate School the preliminary findings of my research. My interviews with students produced evaluations about their learning, which I later disseminated as part of UAL’s programme to reduce disparities between white and B.A.M.E. British undergraduate students.
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Lusvarghi, Marcello <1990>. "Africa e africani nella patrologia nicena di IV-VI secolo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8969/1/Lusvarghi_Marcello_tesi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Il presente studio ha l’obiettivo di mostrare come l’Africa e gli africani fossero percepiti, rappresentati e utilizzati come argomento retorico nella produzione letteraria degli autori niceni della medesima area territoriale fra IV e VI secolo. La discussione sull’appartenenza africana è sviluppata ponendo al centro la visione prospettica degli autori considerati: essa non cerca, quindi, di definire le caratteristiche che contraddistinguevano un africano in epoca tardo antica, ma di mostrare in quali casi, in Africa, un individuo o un gruppo di individui venisse identificato come tale, in quali contesti e per quale motivo fosse necessario affermare la propria appartenenza africana e cosa questo comportasse. Attraverso questa dissertazione si vuole esaminare quale fosse l’immagine che dell’Africa e dei suoi abitanti veniva veicolata dalla letteratura nicena di epoca tardo antica, come e se tale immagine fosse mutata dopo l’arrivo dei Vandali e se vi fosse, verso l’Africa stessa, un sentimento di appartenenza provato ed esplicitamente affermato.This thesis aims to show how Africa and Africans were perceived, represented and used as a rhetorical argument in the literary production of the Nicene authors of the same area between the 4th and 6th centuries. The discussion on African identity is developed by focusing on the perspective of the sources. It is more interested in showing in which cases, in Africa, individuals or groups were identified as African, than in defining the characteristics that distinguished an African from the others in Late Antiquity. Thus, it has proved to be relevant to detect in which contexts it was necessary to declare to be African or to belong to Africa, why it was so important, and, finally, what this declaration meant. This dissertation examines what the image of Africa and its inhabitants conveyed by the Late Antique Nicene literature was like, how this image changed after the arrival of the Vandals, and whether there was a sense of belonging to Africa broadly shared and explicitly stated.