Добірка наукової літератури з теми "AFNOR Principles"

<p>Meat is a food of choice because of its nutritional quality. Grills are regularly consumed in Africa and particularly in the Sahelian countries. These are very popular consumer products. However, they can be contaminated by various microorganisms and cause food poisoning if the meat is not handled in hygienic conditions. In order to contribute to improving the quality of these products, we have followed the steps in production of meat skewers by the method of “5M” of Ishikawa. The “HACCP decision tree” model was used to determine the Critical Control Points (CCP). Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a method and principles of management of food safety. The results of monitoring procedures for making meat skewers showed many shortcomings in hygiene. Six (06) critical points were determined. As for testing, we conducted microbiological analyzes on fifty (50) units of samples corresponding to ten (10) different types of products collected at different stages of production. Compared to AFNOR (French Association of Standardization), criteria for cooked and dehydrated soups and considering the analytical variability associated with the methods of analysis, our results indicate that the products contaminated with germs indicating failure to comply with hygiene. Samples analyzed presented at different stages of production compliance rate of 40% for total bacteria (30 °C), 30% for total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms (44 °C). The rate of non-compliance is 40% compared with sulphite-reducing anaerobes. Molds identified in meat skewered and ingredients are <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>, <em>Penicillium sp</em> and <em>Geotrichum sp</em>. Salmonella, <em>S. aureus</em> and yeasts are absent in the samples. Training on good hygiene practices is required at vendors in order to ensure the hygienic quality of grilled meats.</p>

Este artigo aborda a criação, adaptação e/ou utilização de metodologias voltadas aos processos de gestão da informação, como base para a prática profissional e a investigação científica. Visa relacionar e descrever algumas das principais metodologias para o mapeamento de fluxos informacionais, tais como a metodologia do INFOMAP de Burk e Horton e a Norma AFNOR XP X 50-053. Estas e outras metodologias relacionadas neste artigo, serão úteis para os gestores de informação nas atividades administrativas das suas Unidades.

Cet article présente les résultats des travaux de développement d'un nouveau modèle de mesure des performances et d'amélioration du système de management de la logistique pour les entreprises industrielles. Ce modèle s'inspire des principes du système de management de la qualité ISO 9000 (AFNOR, 2005) principalement l'approche processus, l'approche système et la boucle d'amélioration continue PDCA. La fonction logistique est traitée d'une manière détaillée avec une focalisation sur la planification et la gestion intégrée des flux physiques, informationnels et financiers. Le modèle SMLOG a été validé par application à un cas pratique au sein d'une entreprise industrielle.

This research study was carried out in public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu state to investigate principals’ administrative strategies as correlates of teachers’ job performance. This research study was guided by two research question and two formulated hypotheses whereas correlational survey design was adopted in the study. The population size of the study was 1854 which comprised of both the principals and teachers in selected 48 public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor education Zone of Enugu state, Nigeria. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size of 605 teachers for the study. This research was guided by two formulated research questions titled Principals’ Administrative Strategies Questionnaire (PASQ) and Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire (TJPQ) which were used as instrument for data collection. Cronbach Alpha method was used to obtain the internal consistency of the used instruments PASQ and TJPQ which yielded 0.73 and 0.72 respectively. Data collected were analyzed using regression analysis while regression ANOVA was used in testing the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The research result also showed that a high positive relationship exists between principals’ strategies in open communication and management of staff welfare and teachers’ job performance in Public secondary schools. This study among others recommended that principals in public secondary schools should adopt positive administrative strategies as identified in this study to promote teachers’ job performance.

The study investigated principals’ administrative strategies as correlates of teachers’ job performance in public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State. Four research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlational survey design. The population of the study was 1,854 principals and teachers in 48 secondary schools in the Zone. A sample of 605 teachers was drawn using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and was subjected to face-validation by three experts. The internal consistency of the instrument was obtained using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded an index of 0.72. Data collected were analyzed using regression analysis while regression ANOVA was used in testing the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that, open communication, carrying teachers’ along and providing for teachers’ welfare among others are principals’ administrative strategies for enhancing teachers’ job performance in secondary schools. The result also, revealed a high positive significant relationship existing between principals’ administrative strategies in decision making, delegation of duties, open communication and management of staff welfare and teachers’ job performance in secondary schools. The study recommended among others that principals in public secondary schools should adopt positive administrative strategies as identified in this study to promote teachers’ job performance. Keywords: Administrative Strategies, Teachers’ Job Performance, Decision Making, Open Communication, Teachers Welfare

The study investigated principals’ administrative strategies as correlates of teachers’ job performance in public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State. Four research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlational survey design. The population of the study was 1,854 principals and teachers in 48 secondary schools in the Zone. A sample of 605 teachers was drawn using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and was subjected to face-validation by three experts. The internal consistency of the instrument was obtained using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded an index of 0.72. Data collected were analyzed using regression analysis while regression ANOVA was used in testing the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that, open communication, carrying teachers’ along and providing for teachers’ welfare among others are principals’ administrative strategies for enhancing teachers’ job performance in secondary schools. The result also, revealed a high positive significant relationship existing between principals’ administrative strategies in decision making, delegation of duties, open communication and management of staff welfare and teachers’ job performance in secondary schools. The study recommended among others that principals in public secondary schools should adopt positive administrative strategies as identified in this study to promote teachers’ job performance. Keywords: Administrative Strategies, Teachers’ Job Performance, Decision Making, Open Communication, Teachers Welfare

L'industrie de la production actuelle est caractérisée par des progrès significatifs : une augmentation massive de la haute technologie, l'émergence de clients exigeants, des marchés compétitifs, une qualité de produit variée et des demandes aléatoires ont exigé la collaboration des aspects interdépendants de la production. La production, la maintenance et la qualité sont les aspects les plus critiques du système industriel. Nous nous intéressons à l'optimisation de la maintenance qui joue un rôle essentiel dans la satisfaction du client, la durabilité et le développement des entreprises. Notre étude est centrée sur le développement de la production et de la maintenance intégrées dans une carte de contrôle de la politique de qualité. Nous proposons de nouvelles stratégies de maintenance intégrée avec une analyse approfondie des améliorations continues de la fiabilité du processus de production et traitées sous les contraintes des exigences du client (Service, qualité et coût). L'intégration et la coordination optimale de ces facteurs de production n'est pas facile et représente un défi pour les entreprises industrielles, et sont plus difficiles avec les causes multi-assignables de la variation du processus de production. Pour répondre à ce problème, ce travail de recherche a utilisé l'outil carte de contrôle en combinaison avec les principes de l'AFNOR connus sous le nom de Règle des sept comme impliqués dans la gestion de la qualité. Pour surveiller, analyser et diriger les actions de maintenance appropriées pour l'amélioration continue de la fiabilité du système le long des différents scénarios de processus multiples comme niveaux de décision. Nous utilisons les interactions entre le processus de production et la qualité du produit pour des stratégies de maintenance qui réduisent la défaillance du système de production en améliorant la fiabilité du processus et en réduisant les produits non conformes. L'étude a porté de manière significative sur la qualité, les outils de qualité et leurs applications dans le contrôle de la production et de la maintenance. La technique que nous avons utilisée pour optimiser la maintenance et le contrôle de la qualité d'un système de production intégré est un outil de carte de contrôle basé sur la mesure et l'analyse statistique des paramètres de qualité. Nous modélisons différents problèmes de production et développons une politique de contrôle pour des systèmes de production à défaillance aléatoire qui doivent satisfaire les exigences des clients de manière dynamique tout au long de l'horizon de production fini. Nous avons introduit un modèle mathématique pour minimiser les coûts totaux de production, d'inventaire, de maintenance et de contrôle de la qualité. L'optimisation de la stratégie de maintenance a été intégrée dans un outil d'information sur les cartes de contrôle. Sur la base de la variation du taux de production et de son impact sur la dégradation de la machine, le nombre de maintenance, les temps et les intervalles nécessaires à une prise de décision prudente sont déterminés par l'algorithme développé. Dans ce contexte, cette recherche présente la dérivation pour différents cas de toutes les probabilités pour le processus d'être dans ou hors de contrôle, les durées moyennes d'exécution, et les durées de cycle de restauration. Sur la base du facteur de dégradation, de nouvelles équations de taux de défaillance sont formulées, puis le taux de défaillance moyen pour chaque cas, nous avons formulé différents modèles d'optimisation des coûts de maintenance. L'approche proposée est utile pour le calcul précis et la minimisation du coût total de maintenance. Elle optimise le coût total de production en considérant tous les états possibles du processus de production dus à des causes multiples. Notre travail contribue à l'émergence de techniques de gestion de la qualité et d'amélioration des performances qui contribueront au développement des entreprises de production
The current production industry is characterise by significant progress: a massive increase in high technology, the emergence of exigent customers, competitive markets, varied product quality, and random demands required the collaborations of the inter-related aspects of production. The production, maintenance, and quality are the most critical aspects of the industrial system. We are interested in optimising maintenance that plays a critical role in customer satisfaction, sustainability, and the development of companies. Our study is centred on developing production and maintenance integrated into a control chart of quality policy. We propose new integrated maintenance strategies with an in-depth analysis of the continuous production process reliability improvements and treated under customer requirements (Service, quality, and cost) constraints. The integration and optimal coordination of these factors of production is not easy and represent a challenge for industrial companies, and are more challenging with multi-assignable causes of production process variation. To address this problem, this research work employed the use of a control chart tool in combination with the AFNOR principles known as Rule of seven as involved in quality management. To monitor, analyses and direct appropriate maintenance actions for continuous system reliability improvements along the different multiple process scenarios as decision levels. We use the interactions between the production process and product quality for strategies of maintenance which reduce the failure of the production system by improving process reliability and reducing the no conformal products. The study Significantly focused on quality, quality tools, and their applications in production and maintenance control. The technique we used to optimise the maintenance and quality control of an integrated production system is a control chart tool based on statistical measurement and analysis of quality parameters. We model different production problems and develop a control policy for randomly failing production systems that must satisfy customer requirements dynamically throughout the finite production horizon. We introduced a mathematical model to minimise the total costs of production, inventory, maintenance, and quality control. The optimisation of the maintenance strategy was integrated into a control chart tool information. Based on the production rate variation and its impact on machine degradation the number of maintenance, times, and intervals needed for prudent decision-making is determined by the developed algorithm. In this context, this research presents the derivation for different cases of all the probabilities for the process to be in or out of control, the average run lengths, and the restoration cycle durations. Based on the degradation factor, new failure rate equations are formulated, and then the average failure rate for each case, we formulated different maintenance cost optimisation models. The proposed approach is useful for precise calculation and minimisation of the total maintenance cost. Which optimises total production cost considering all possible production process statuses due to multiple causes. Our work contributes to the emergence of quality management and performance improvement techniques that will contribute to the development of production companies