Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Aérosols organiques secondaires – Toxicologie"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Aérosols organiques secondaires – Toxicologie":
Perraudin, Émilie, and Éric Villenave. "Landex : mieux comprendre la formation et le devenir des aérosols organiques secondaires d’origine biogénique." La Météorologie, no. 99 (2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/63582.
Дисертації з теми "Aérosols organiques secondaires – Toxicologie":
Jacob, Florence. "Génération contrôlée et détermination de l'impact toxicologique des aérosols organiques secondaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS078.
Chronic exposure to atmospheric particles with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) at concentrations exceeding the levels recommended by the World Health Organization is responsible for the onset and/or exacerbation of respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and even cancer-related diseases. Regulatory threshold values have been defined regarding the ambient mass concentration of PM2.5, but these values do not take into account the impact of variations in the chemical composition of particles on induced biological effects. Special attention has been given in the literature to certain recognized harmful compounds such as metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which have been regulated. Nevertheless, other compounds are still poorly studied to date, even though they could also play an important role in particulate toxicity. This includes secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which constitute a major chemical fraction of PM2.5 and can represent up to 90% of their organic matter mass. They are formed through the reaction/oxidation/condensation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. A rise in ambient SOA concentration is expected in the future due to the simultaneous increase in VOC precursor emissions and the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere related to climate change. In this context, the present project first consisted in generating model SOA resulting from the oxidation of two VOCs that are widely present in the atmosphere, one of biogenic origin, limonene, and the other of anthropogenic origin, m-xylene. Limonene ozonolysis and m-xylene photooxidation were respectively carried out in a flow reactor and a simulation chamber. Two types of oxidations were tested for biogenic SOA synthesis: one with low ozone concentration and the other with high ozone concentration. The particulate phases were then characterized in terms of size (few hundred nm), mass, and chemical composition (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid functions, oligomers for limonene; nitrophenols, dimers for xylene). In a second step, the intrinsic oxidative potential (OP) of the generated biogenic and anthropogenic SOA was evaluated, as well as their toxicological impact in terms of oxidative stress and inflammatory effects on a model of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The results obtained showed that among the biogenic SOA, those produced with low ozone concentration exhibit a more pronounced OP and antioxidant response. Furthermore, our results also indicate that, compared to these biogenic SOA, SOA resulting from m-xylene photooxidation have a higher OP and display greater cytotoxicity and activation of antioxidant defenses. In addition, oxidative damage to proteins and DNA was also detected in cells exposed to these SOA. Overall, the results from this project contribute to improving our knowledge on the chemical composition of SOA particulate phase and provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in their pulmonary toxicity
Guillaume, Bruno. "Les aérosols : émissions, formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires, transport longue distance, zoom sur les aérosols carbonés en Europe." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30260.
Kammer, Julien. "LANDEX : étude des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) générés par la forêt des Landes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0402/document.
Forest ecosystems affect air quality and climate, especially through the emissions and the reactions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) with the atmospheric oxidants, known to generate Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs). This work aims to improve our knowledge on the processes involved in biogenic SOA formation and fate. Two field campaigns have been conducted in the Landes forest. In a first step, the measurement site was characterized by a statistical study of local meteorological conditions. During these campaigns, complementary physical and chemical measurements have been carried out, implying measurements of fluxes and concentrations of particles, BVOCs and oxidants. The results evidenced nocturnal new particle formation, which is an original result as this process was usually only reported during daytime. The strong contribution of BVOCs (dominated by α- and β-pinene) ozonolysis to nocturnal new particle formation has been demonstated. Particle flux measurements suggested that particles are transfered from the canopy to the higher atmospheric surface layer. The comparison between ozone fluxes and a physical ozone deposition model also highlighted an ozone production source. This ozone production might be related to BVOC photooxidation
Leglise, Joris. "Etude de la formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires par spectométrie de masse lors de l'ozonolyse de composés organiques volatils insatures." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3013.
The understanding of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is still incomplete, especially from the ozonolysis of unsaturated volatile organic compounds (VOC). The measurement of low volatility compounds involved in SOA formation is a challenge that the scientific community attempts to address. One of the objectives of this thesis work was the installation and use of a system for sampling and measuring the chemical composition of the aerosol by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (FIGAERO-CI-ToF-MS). This instrument has been used in the ozonolysis of unsaturated VOCs in the atmospheric simulation chamber HELIOS and the conditions for the formation of carboxylic acids and organosulfur compounds has been evaluated. The specific formation pathways of organosulfates (OS) have in addition been studied by injecting acidified seed particles. This study confirmed the low efficiency of the esterification of hydroxyl groups. Conversely, OS formation by epoxide ring opening is more efficient and increases with more acidic pH. In addition, the increase in relative humidity has a positive impact on the generation of carboxylic acids in the particulate phase.A second objective was the characterization of a system coupled to a proton transfer mass spectrometer (CHARON-PTR-ToF-MS) for collecting aerosols and measuring its chemical composition. The measurement of the fragmentation of 26 pure compounds in particulate phase allowed the development of a corrective procedure taking into account fragmentation process. This procedure was applied to the measurement of SOA generated by the ozonolysis of biogenic VOCs in an aerosol flow reactor. The volatility of the aerosol has been estimated using a thermodenuder installed downstream of the reactor. Taking into account fragmentation has greatly improved the agreement between the measured and the calculated volatility by several parametric equations
Guillaume, Bruno. "Les aérosols:émissions, formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires, transport longue distance- Zoom sur les aérosols carbonés en Europe -." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145318.
- une meilleure caractérisation des inventaires d'émissions de BC et OCp, en développant un nouvel inventaire des sources principales que sont les combustions de fuels fossiles et de biofuels (secteur industriel, secteur domestique, trafic). Cet inventaire, de résolution 25kmx25km, fournit les émissions de BC et OCp pour 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 et comporte deux zooms régionaux : sur la France à la résolution 10kmx10km et sur la région de la campagne Escompte à la résolution 1kmx1km,
- le développement d'un nouvel outil de modélisation globale de BC et OC (primaire et secondaire) par couplage du module d'aérosol ORISAM (module sectionnel) (LA/INERIS/ADEME) avec le modèle global de chimie-transport TM4 (collaboration LA/KNMI), qui permet à la fois la prise en compte d'une distribution des aérosols suivant 8 classes de taille (0.04µm-10 µm) et la prise en compte d'une composition chimique détaillée des aérosols (BC et OCp constituant le noyau de la particule sur lequel condensent plus de 6 réactifs chimiques organiques/inorganiques),
- des simulations avec ce nouveau modèle global baptisé ORISAM-TM4, des confrontations de résultats avec les mesures de BC et OC et l'étude du transport longue distance des aérosols,
- des tests de sensibilité sur la formation des aérosols organiques secondaires (SOA) portant sur différentes familles de composés organiques volatils (COV) précurseurs de SOA et portant également sur l'hygroscopicité des SOA (caractère hydrophile/hydrophobe),
- enfin, j'ai couplé ce nouvel outil ORISAM-TM4 à un module radiatif pour déterminer les propriétés optiques des aérosols (épaisseur optique, albédo de simple diffusion) en mélange interne à l'échelle globale.
Martin, Emmanuel. "Etude et modélisation de la formation et de la croissance des aérosols organiques secondaires d'origine biogène." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13195.
Martinez, Alvaro. "Contribution des composés organiques volatils (COVs) provenant des émissions des véhicules aux aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) et à la pollution urbaine." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1041.
The transport sector is fundamental to the economic development of a country and to ensure communication and a good quality of life. However, road transport contributes significantly to global warming and leads to serious degradation of the air quality. Among all pollutants, fine and ultrafine particles, emitted by vehicles but also formed in the atmosphere are considered as potentially toxic. Many studies show that chronic exposure to fine particles promotes the development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The main gaseous precursors, the atmospheric chemical pathways as well as the chemical composition and the physical transformations that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) undergo in the atmosphere, remain poorly understood. The main aim of this work was on one side to improve the knowledge about primary pollutants emitted from Euro 5 and Euro 6 diesel and gasoline passenger cars and on the other side to investigate the photochemical transformations of the VOCs/IVOCs emitted from these cars. Passenger car emissions have been evaluated on a chassis dynamometer test bench at the IFSTTAR laboratory. Particle number measurements were carried out directly at the tailpipe. For GDI vehicles PN0.23 (< 23 nm) represented on average 20 -30 % of total particle number emitted, while for diesel cars, this fraction was considerably lower (≈10-15%). During high speed regimes (Artemis motorway) of diesel passenger cars Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) passive regeneration was observed. These periods were characterized by a high particle number concentration; their composition was mainly soot, bisulfate and some organic material. PM emitted from gasoline DI passenger cars was mainly composed by BC and some organic droplets containing traces of other elements. During cold start GDI cars do emit important concentrations of BC and organic material. Emission of hydrocarbons has also been investigated. Gasoline DI emitted important concentration of THCs during cold start. Among the aliphatic compounds, families until C15 have been identified, confirming emission of heavier HCs from diesel cars. The second aim of this work was the study of atmospheric degradation of selected VOCs (toluene, naphthalene, cyclohexane, nonane) emitted from Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles and to determine the SOA formation potential of these compounds under different environmental conditions. The chosen compounds have been photoxidized (alone and in mixture) in an Aerosol Flow Tube (AFT) reactor in order to simulate VOCs atmospheric aging. The results suggest: (1) aromatic and PAHs compounds, own highest potential to form SOA; (2) the temperature has an important impact on SOA formation and yield; (3) the presence of pre-existing seed particles has, in general, a positive effect on SOA formation and (4) NOx has been found to negatively affect SOA formation; (5) SOA potential formation of VOC mixtures is highly influenced by the fraction of aromatics. Some of the products identified in the particle phase have never been previously reported. Degradation of aromatic compounds under medium NOx regime produced nitro-aromatic compounds identified both in the gas and particle phase. This PhD contributes to enrich vehicle emissions database, still limited for Euro 5 and Euro 6 cars. Speciation of non-regulated compound will help to better understand atmospheric SOA budget and car emissions air quality impacts. By last, the photoxidation study of primary VOCs (alone, mixture and full emissions) will lead to a better comprehension of SOA formation from vehicles
Riva, Matthieu. "Caractérisation d'une nouvelle voie de formation des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) dans l'atmosphère : rôle des précurseurs polyaromatiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952636.
Riva, Matthieu. "Caractérisation d’une nouvelle voie de formation des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) dans l’atmosphère : rôle des précurseurs polyaromatiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14942/document.
This work deals with the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from gas phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the presence of atmospheric oxidants (ozone, hydroxyl radical, chlorine and nitrate radical). Among them, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been proposed as an important potential source of anthropogenic SOA. The oxidation of 4 main gaseous PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene) in the presence of main atmospheric oxidants has been performed in order to investigate the SOA formation. Characterization of both gas and particulate phases has been carried out using mass spectrometry and optical spectroscopy allowing the identification of products in both phases. Then, chemical mechanisms have been proposed in order to explain SOA formation. SOA yields have been also determined to evaluate the impact of the gas phase oxidation of PAHs in SOA formation. Experiments have been carried out using flow tube and atmospheric simulation chambers. SOA fate has been investigated to determine the different oxidation processes involved in SOA aging
Braure, Tristan. "Etude en réacteurs à écoulement de cinétiques et mécanismes d'oxydation de composés organiques volatils." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10033/document.
This work aimed at improving our knowledge on the first steps of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation through the study of some biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOC) oxidation reactions. Criegee intermediates which are formed in ozonolysis reactions are suspected to be involved in SOA formation and thus, their fate has first been studied through ozonolysis reactions of methylated alkenes in the gas phase. Rate coefficients and yields of the primary carbonyl and Criegee rearrangement products were determined for the ozonolysis reactions of 4-methyl-1-pentene, trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene and trans-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene at ambient temperature and pressure. Besides, limonene oxidation reactions by °OH radicals and ozone have been studied by determining their rate coefficients and by characterizing the particulate phase (nucleation thresholds; size distribution; aerosol yield) in the case of ozonolysis.The experimental setups consisted of laminar flow reactors which enable to study the first reaction steps (reaction times ranging from a few milliseconds to a few minutes) coupled with several analytical techniques for both the gas and particulate phases. In particular, the indirect detection of a Criegee intermediate was evidenced by the use of an organic scavenger ; rate coefficient and branching ratios for the limonene oxidation by °OH were studied over an extended temperatures range compared to literature data ; and the first steps of SOA formation during limonene ozonolysis were characterized