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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Aérosols atmosphériques – Réactivité (chimie)"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Aérosols atmosphériques – Réactivité (chimie)"
Sauvage, Stéphane, Nadine Locoge, Hervé Plaisance, Patrice Coddeville, and Jean-Claude Galloo. "Identification et contribution des sources de HCNM en zone rurale." Pollution atmosphérique, NS 2 (September 1, 2010): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/pollution-atmospherique.7121.
Повний текст джерелаSpurny, K. R. "Sur la physique, la chimie et la toxicologie des aérosols atmosphériques fortement dispersés." Journal of Aerosol Science 28, no. 2 (March 1997): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(97)86823-1.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Aérosols atmosphériques – Réactivité (chimie)"
Fotsing, Kwetche Césaire Rostand. "Modélisation à l’échelle moléculaire de la réactivité des aérosols atmosphériques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR058.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis contributes to the molecular level understanding of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. The objective is to set up an hybrid classical/quantum methodology to treat the heterogeneous chemical mechanisms occurring at the surface of model aerosols attacked by various reactive species, either radicals (Cl, OH or RO2 peroxyl) or saturated (oxygen, ozone). Firstly, the quantum approach used to treat the reactivity between chlorine and a carboxylic acid molecule (valeric acid) or fatty acid (palmitic acid) has been validated in the gas phase. These calculations made it possible, on the one hand, to highlight the spontaneity of the abstraction of the hydrogen atoms of the acid by the chlorine radical and, on the other hand, the increase of the reaction rate constant as the chain of the acid molecule gets longer. In the second part dedicated to the simulation of a model submicrometer aerosol, we have built an aggregate of palmitic acid using classical molecular dynamics and analysed its structural and energetic properties. Then, addition of water molecules leads to the formation of water islands at the surface of the aggregate. Finally, we studied the heterogeneous reactivity at the surface of the aerosol by dividing the system into two regions treated differently (QM/MM approach, Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics). We have identified a sample of hydrogen atoms at the surface of the aggregate that can be captured by chlorine and calculated for each of them the reaction rate constant within the QM/MM scheme. We have finally been able to determine for the first time a theoretical value of the reactive uptake coefficient, which can be in principle compared to experimental data
Fotsing, Kwetche Césaire Rostand. "Modélisation à l’échelle moléculaire de la réactivité des aérosols atmosphériques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R058/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis contributes to the molecular level understanding of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. The objective is to set up an hybrid classical/quantum methodology to treat the heterogeneous chemical mechanisms occurring at the surface of model aerosols attacked by various reactive species, either radicals (Cl, OH or RO2 peroxyl) or saturated (oxygen, ozone). Firstly, the quantum approach used to treat the reactivity between chlorine and a carboxylic acid molecule (valeric acid) or fatty acid (palmitic acid) has been validated in the gas phase. These calculations made it possible, on the one hand, to highlight the spontaneity of the abstraction of the hydrogen atoms of the acid by the chlorine radical and, on the other hand, the increase of the reaction rate constant as the chain of the acid molecule gets longer. In the second part dedicated to the simulation of a model submicrometer aerosol, we have built an aggregate of palmitic acid using classical molecular dynamics and analysed its structural and energetic properties. Then, addition of water molecules leads to the formation of water islands at the surface of the aggregate. Finally, we studied the heterogeneous reactivity at the surface of the aerosol by dividing the system into two regions treated differently (QM/MM approach, Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics). We have identified a sample of hydrogen atoms at the surface of the aggregate that can be captured by chlorine and calculated for each of them the reaction rate constant within the QM/MM scheme. We have finally been able to determine for the first time a theoretical value of the reactive uptake coefficient, which can be in principle compared to experimental data
Dubois, Clément. "Impact de la réactivité multiphasique sur la composition et les propriétés physico-chimiques de l’aérosol atmosphérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYO10223.
Повний текст джерелаUltrafine atmospheric aerosols are among the most abundant in the atmosphere. Their implications on the climate and air quality are proven. The various IPCC reports however, have shown that current knowledge is still insufficient to quantify with precision the impact of aerosols on the climate. These uncertainties come from the complexity of atmospheric aerosols and their importance in cloud formation. Indeed, the formation and evolution of these one in the atmosphere lead to changes their size, chemical composition, morphology, and therefore could have major repercussions on their physicochemical properties. Initially, this thesis work focused on the impact of chemical reactions on the physico-chemical properties of light scattering aerosols. Thus, the reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols on sulfated particles has been shown to reduce the backscattered intensity of the aerosols formed. In a second step, the work carried out during this thesis aimed to study the implication of the pressure on the chemistry in the condensed phase of ultrafine aerosols, in particular due to the Young-Laplace pressure which can be important for ultrafine aerosols (d < 100 nm). This thesis work started with the development and optimization of an experimental system to study chemical reactions at high pressure. It was thus demonstrated that the photodegradation reactions (here, for vanillin) could be greatly modified at high pressures comparable to those of ultrafine particles. All the results of this thesis work made it possible to highlight the entanglement of multiphase chemical processes on the physico-chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols
Houjeij, Hanaa. "Etude expérimentale des réactions de capture/désorption des iodes gazeux (I2, CH3I) sur des aérosols environnementaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0172.
Повний текст джерелаGaseous iodine I131 mainly under I2 or CH3I forms, when released into the atmosphere during a severe nuclear power plant accident may affect both human health and environment. The atmospheric dispersion models of iodine do not take into account the potential reactivity of iodine with atmospheric gas or particles species. However, the modification of the chemical speciation and/or the physical form of iodine compounds is not without consequences on the transport of iodine in the atmosphere and its health effects. Within the framework of improving the atmospheric dispersion tools of radioactive iodine, this work aims to contribute to the actual state of knowledge of atmospheric iodine chemistry by experimental approaches focusing on understanding the CH3I-aerosols and CH3I-water interaction processes.The interaction between CH3I and water at the molecular scale has been investigated using cryogenic matrix experiments supported by theoretical DFT calculations. A large excess of water regarding CH3I was used in order to mimic atmospheric conditions. Dimers and trimers of CH3I are observed despite the high water amount in the initial mixture together with mixed aggregates between CH3I and water polymers. This may be explained by the low affinity of CH3I with water. This result highlights that, in the atmosphere, gaseous CH3I and H2O will likely form aggregates of water and CH3I polymers instead of (CH3I)m-(H2O)n hetero complexes. Further, the interaction between CH3I and amorphous ice as a model of atmospheric ice have been preliminary investigated. The adsorption of CH3I on amorphous has been observed but with a complete desorption of CH3I above 47 K.Experimental study of interaction processes between gaseous iodine (CH3I) and both dry and wet NaCl as surrogate of sea salt aerosols has been carried out using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transformed Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The DRIFTS spectra of NaCl surface clearly evidenced adsorbed CH3I on the NaCl surface particles. The FTIR spectra revealed new absorption bands that have been not clearly attributed. The adsorption process of CH3I on NaCl is likely a chemisorption since no desorption was observed. We have demonstrated that the adsorption of CH3I on NaCl did not reach saturation even after 5 hours of continuous flow of CH3I. CH3I capture at the NaCl surface presents a 1st order kinetics relative to its gas phase concentration. The uptake coefficients were determined to be in the order of 3 × 10-11, with a global adsorption energy of about -39 kJ.mol− 1. These results show a low probability of CH3I molecules to be captured by NaCl surface. The presence of water on the surface of NaCl seems to have no effect on the interaction between CH3I and NaCl, which is consistent with the low affinity of CH3I for water.The interactions of CH3I with various inorganic and organic powdered solids as models for atmospheric aerosols have been investigated using static reactor coupled with gas chromatography (GC) allowing the monitoring of the gas phase. We have highlighted a weak interaction between CH3I and inorganic and organic aerosols indicating a low affinity of CH3I whatever the aerosol surface composition. We hypothesis that the water content at the aerosol surface is a key parameter. So that, when released in the atmosphere, CH3I will interact very little with the surface of the aerosols and will stay in the gaseous phase. However, although in low content, a part of CH3I is irreversibly adsorbed on the surface of the halide salts that could be considered in the atmospheric iodine model to estimate potential impact
Mendez, Maxence. "Étude expérimentale de la réactivité hétérogène de particules ultrafines d’acides gras et modélisation de la composition chimique des aérosols à l'échelle régionale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10170/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe intensity of environmental and health impacts of atmospheric aerosol depend on their chemical composition. This composition varies as function of their emission source and transport time in the atmosphere where many chemical and physical transformations occur. The objectives of this thesis are, firstly, to study the initial steps of the atmospheric aging of organic aerosol in laboratory and, secondly, to provide with information on the modelling of the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol. The first part of this work has been dedicated to the study of the reactivity of model organic aerosol in an aerosol flow tube for two heterogeneous chemical systems: oleic acid + ozone; palmitic acid + chlorine radical. Chemical analyses in both gas phase and particle phase were performed to quantify the products and determine the chemical mechanisms.In the second part of the thesis, we have built a model to generate anthropogenic pollutant emission data for the chemistry weather forecast with the WRF-Chem model. The chemical speciation of primary aerosol permits us to model the chemical composition of aerosol over the French northern region. The model results have been validated by statistical comparison with data coming from measurements network (ATMO Nord-Pas de Calais) and also measurement campaigns performed with an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
Zhang, Cuihong. "Étude expérimentale des réactions élémentaires d'importance atmosphérique : la réactivité des radicaux peroxyles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR090.
Повний текст джерелаPeroxy radicals are important intermediates in atmospheric chemical reactions and play an important role in atmospheric radical chain reactions. Kinetics and product information of radicals are key parameters in global atmospheric model simulation, and are of great significance for understanding scientific questions such as atmospheric oxidation capacity, photochemical pollution, and secondary organic aerosol formation. Ethane is one of the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, its oxidation reaction generates the ethyl peroxy radical C2H5O2. However, in the literature there are still insufficient information and inconsistent measurement results in its self- and cross-reaction kinetics. Accurately measuring the rate constant and product branching ratio of C2H5O2 will help to understand the C2H5O2 chemistry in low NOx environments and its contribution to formation of OVOCs and secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere.Absorption spectroscopy and photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS) have been used to study the kinetics and products of C2H5O2. Based on dual-path cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS), the self- and cross- reaction of C2H5O2 radicals have been studied, and the rate constant and branch ratio has been obtained. Based on PIMS, and synchrotron radiation photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (PEPICO), the products were detected
Pouyes, Pauline. "Etude de l'aérosol organique secondaire d'origine biogénique : caractérisation de marqueurs moléculaires et étude de leur réactivité hétérogène d'intérêt atmosphérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0471.
Повний текст джерелаAmong the main environmental issues, secondary atmospheric aerosols, whose emissions cannot be regulated, have been the focus of much attention for several years because of their impact on both climate change and air quality. The aim of this work was to study the main tracers of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) produced by the oxidation of terpenes emitted by vegetation. Two complementary aspects were studied experimentally both on the field and in laboratory. The first one focused on the chemical characterisation at the molecular scale of atmospheric particles collected during intensive field campaigns in the Landes and Rambouillet forests, using liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, to better understand biosphere-atmosphere interactions. The second part dealt with atmospheric markers in the particulate phase, and more specifically with the limitations of their use as tracers of aerosol sources as well as formation and fate processes, related to heterogeneous (photo-)chemical degradation, which has been very poorly documented to date. Thus, the reactivity at the gas-particle interface of 6 tracers (i.e. terebic, terpenylic, pinonic, pinic, β-caryophyllinic acids and MBTCA) generated from the oxidation of α- and β-pinene as well as β-caryophyllene, was investigated with hydroxyl radicals, ozone or by photodegradation, to determine their atmospheric lifetimes
Riva, Matthieu. "Caractérisation d'une nouvelle voie de formation des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) dans l'atmosphère : rôle des précurseurs polyaromatiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952636.
Повний текст джерелаRiva, Matthieu. "Caractérisation d’une nouvelle voie de formation des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) dans l’atmosphère : rôle des précurseurs polyaromatiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14942/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from gas phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the presence of atmospheric oxidants (ozone, hydroxyl radical, chlorine and nitrate radical). Among them, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been proposed as an important potential source of anthropogenic SOA. The oxidation of 4 main gaseous PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene) in the presence of main atmospheric oxidants has been performed in order to investigate the SOA formation. Characterization of both gas and particulate phases has been carried out using mass spectrometry and optical spectroscopy allowing the identification of products in both phases. Then, chemical mechanisms have been proposed in order to explain SOA formation. SOA yields have been also determined to evaluate the impact of the gas phase oxidation of PAHs in SOA formation. Experiments have been carried out using flow tube and atmospheric simulation chambers. SOA fate has been investigated to determine the different oxidation processes involved in SOA aging
Ciuraru, Raluca. "Étude de la réactivité du chlore atomique avec des particules d’aérosol d’intérêt atmosphérique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10142/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe atmosphere is an oxidizing environment in which the homogeneous phase reactions initiated by radical species (OH in particular) are dominant. Atomic chlorine could be the most important oxidant in the marine boundary layer at dawn when the concentration of OH radicals is low. The atmosphere is loaded with aerosol particles, on the surface of which reactive collisions can occur at the gas / solid or gas / liquid interfaces. It is therefore important to take into account the basic mechanisms of heterogeneous chemistry for a better description of atmospheric chemical and physical processes. The objective of this thesis is to study the reactivity between chlorine atoms and particles representative of sea salts (NaCl and synthetic sea salts). Measurements have also been carried out with ammonium sulfate and nitrate particles, the major components in the secondary particles formed by the condensation of gaseous species of anthropogenic origin. The principle is to put a gas phase in contact with a solid surface in a coated wall flow tube reactor and microwave discharge coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The contact time between the two phases can be varied inside the reactor. In this work, we have measured the reaction rate and determined the uptake coefficient of these reactions and the possible products formed. Several parameters have been studied: the concentration, the temperature and the presence or absence of surface adsorbed water. The solid surface was analyzed after reaction by advanced microscopy techniques (XPS, TOF SIMS) during this study