Готові списки джерел за темами / Aerosol polymerization

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Aerosol polymerization"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Aerosol polymerization"

Davis, E. James, and Mark F. Buehler. "Chemical Reactions with Single Microparticles." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 1 (January 1990): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006070x.

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Fine particles can be produced via aerosol processes either by means of vapor phase reactions that produce solid or liquid particles or by reactions between a preexisting solid or liquid particle and a reactive gas. This article examines the latter processes because a strong interest has developed in the production of materials via aerosol processing. Although fine particles are frequently produced using flow systems, such as in the laminar flow aerosol reactor of McRae and his co-workers, fundamental studies of the chemical kinetics are more readily done using single microparticles or microdroplets. Design of an aerosol reactor requires knowledge of the reaction rates, for there must be a sufficient residence time of the reacting species in the reactor to complete the desired reaction.Matijević reviewed early work on preparing well-defined and very pure metal oxides by hydrolysis of alkoxide aerosol particles, and Ingebrethsen and co-workers studied the hydrolysis rates of aerosol droplets of aluminum and titanium alkoxides and mixtures of the two alkoxides. Following Matijevic and his colleagues, Okuyama et al. used the thermal decomposition of metal alkoxide vapors to produce ultrafine particles of the oxides of titanium, silicon, and aluminum. The preparation of polymeric aerosols has been studied by Partch et al. and by Ward et al. The latter investigators used single-particle techniques (the electrodynamic balance) to obtain polymerization rate data for the photochemical polymerization of acrylamide monomer microparticles.

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Ward, Timothy L., S. H. Zhang, Theresa Allen, and E. James Davis. "Photochemical polymerization of acrylamide aerosol particles." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 118, no. 2 (August 1987): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(87)90469-3.

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Liggio, J., and S. M. Li. "Reversible and irreversible processing of biogenic olefins on acidic aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 7 (April 9, 2008): 2039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2039-2008.

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Abstract. Recent evidence has suggested that heterogeneous chemistry of oxygenated hydrocarbons, primarily carbonyls, plays a role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA); however, evidence is emerging that direct uptake of alkenes on acidic aerosols does occur and can contribute to SOA formation. In the present study, significant uptake of monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes to acidic sulfate aerosols is found under various conditions in a reaction chamber. Proton transfer mass spectrometry is used to quantify the organic gases, while an aerosol mass spectrometer is used to quantify the organic mass uptake and obtain structural information for heterogeneous products. Aerosol mass spectra are consistent with several mechanisms including acid catalyzed olefin hydration, cationic polymerization and organic ether formation, while measurable decreases in the sulfate mass on a per particle basis suggest that the formation of organosulfate compounds is also likely. A portion of the heterogeneous reactions appears to be reversible, consistent with reversible olefin hydration reactions. A slow increase in the organic mass after a fast initial uptake is attributed to irreversible reactions, consistent with polymerization and organosulfate formation. Uptake coefficients (γ) were estimated for a fast initial uptake governed by the mass accommodation coefficient (α) and ranged from 1×10-6-2.5×10-2. Uptake coefficients for a subsequent slower reactive uptake ranged from 1×10-7-1×10-4. These processes may potentially lead to a considerable amount of SOA from the various biogenic hydrocarbons under acidic conditions, which can be highly significant for freshly nucleated aerosols, particularly given the large array of atmospheric olefins.

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Liggio, J., and S. M. Li. "Reversible and irreversible processing of biogenic olefins on acidic aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 4 (August 14, 2007): 11973–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-11973-2007.

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Abstract. Recent evidence has suggested that heterogeneous chemistry of oxygenated hydrocarbons, primarily carbonyls, plays a role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA); however, evidence is emerging that direct uptake of alkenes on acidic aerosols does occur and can contribute to SOA formation. In the present study, significant uptake of monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes to acidic sulfate aerosols is found under various conditions in a reaction chamber. Proton transfer mass spectrometry is used to quantify the organic gases, while an aerosol mass spectrometer is used to quantify the organic mass uptake and obtain structural information for heterogeneous products. Aerosol mass spectra are consistent with several mechanisms including acid catalyzed olefin hydration, cationic polymerization and organic ester formation, while measurable decreases in the sulfate mass on a per particle basis suggest that the formation of organosulfate compounds is also likely. A portion of the heterogeneous reactions appears to be reversible, consistent with reversible olefin hydration reactions. A slow increase in the organic mass after a fast initial uptake is attributed to irreversible reactions, consistent with polymerization and organosulfate formation. Uptake coefficients (γ) were estimated for a fast initial uptake governed by the mass accommodation coefficient (α) and ranged from 1×10-6–2.5×10−2. Uptake coefficients for a subsequent slower reactive uptake ranged from 1×10-7–1×10-4. These processes are estimated to potentially produce greater than 2.5 μg m−3 of SOA from the various biogenic hydrocarbons under atmospheric conditions, which can be highly significant given the large array of atmospheric olefins.

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Suvarli, Narmin, Iris Perner-Nochta, Jürgen Hubbuch, and Michael Wörner. "Thiol-Functional Polymer Nanoparticles via Aerosol Photopolymerization." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 4363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244363.

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Spherical, individual polymer nanoparticles with functional –SH groups were synthesized via aerosol photopolymerization (APP) employing radically initiated thiol-ene chemistry. A series of various thiol and alkene monomer combinations were investigated based on di-, tri-, and tetrafunctional thiols with difunctional allyl and vinyl ethers, and di- and trifunctional acrylates. Only thiol and alkene monomer combinations able to build cross-linked poly(thio-ether) networks were compatible with APP, which requires fast polymerization of the generated droplet aerosol during the photoreactor passage within a residence time of half-minute. Higher monomer functionalities and equal overall stoichiometry of functional groups resulted in the best nanoparticles being spherical and individual, proven by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of reactive –SH groups in the synthesized nanoparticles as a basis for post-polymerization modifications was verified by Ellman’s test.

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Aqil, Abdelhafid, Farid Ouhib, Christophe Detrembleur, and Maryline Moreno-Couranjou. "Atmospheric plasma deposition of bioinspired catechol-rich polymers: a promising route for the simple construction of redox-active thin films." Materials Advances 2, no. 4 (2021): 1248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00865f.

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The atmospheric aerosol assisted plasma polymerization of 4-vinyl-catechol allows the facile deposition of robust redox active catechol-rich films with promising properties as organic cathode materials for lithium ion battery.

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Texter, J., L. E. Oppenheimer, and J. R. Minter. "Microemulsion polymerization in the water, aerosol-OT, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate system." Polymer Bulletin 27, no. 5 (January 1992): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00300595.

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Musick, J., J. Popp, M. Trunk, and W. Kiefer. "Polymerization and copolymerization reaction observed in optically levitated aerosol particles." Journal of Aerosol Science 27 (September 1996): S561—S562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(96)00353-9.

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Kawai, Takeshi, Yoichi Yasuda, and Kijiro Kon-no. "Kinetics of Polymerization of Acrylamide in Aerosol OT W/O Microemulsions." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 68, no. 8 (August 1995): 2175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.68.2175.

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Abdullah, Manal Midhat. "Effect of iodine doping on the characteristics of polythiophene thin films prepared by aerosol assisted plasma jet polymerization at atmospheric pressure." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 12, no. 25 (February 12, 2019): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v12i25.313.

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Iodine-doped polythiophene thin films are prepared by aerosol assisted plasma jet polymerization at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The doping of iodine was carried out in situ by employing iodine crystals in thiophene monomer by weight mixing ratios of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%. The chemical composition analyses of pure and iodine-doped and heat-treated polythiophene thin films are carried out by FTIR spectroscopy studies. The optical band gaps of the films are evaluated from absorption spectrum studies. Direct transition energy gaps are determined from Tauc plots. The structural changes of polythiophene upon doping and the reduction of optical band gap are explained on the basis of the results obtained from FTIR spectroscopy, UV–VIS absorption studies, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. The energy band gap will be different according to the concentration of polythiophene iodine. It can be concluded that iodine-doped polythiophene thin films can be prepare by aerosol assisted plasma jet polymerization and control the optical energy band gap regulars by controlling the thiophene -iodine weight mixing ratios.

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Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Aerosol polymerization"

Wei, James. "Product Exploration and Discovery." In Product Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159172.003.0005.

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It is sometimes said that “necessity is the mother of invention.” Many product innovations have begun with the observation and recognition that many people are in need of a new or improved product, and investigators then looked for a technology that would produce such a product to satisfy this market need. Investigators may examine current products to find what properties need improvement and whether these properties can be modified; for example, raw rubber is brittle when cold and is sticky when hot, whereas vulcanized rubber, which is used to make tires and gaskets, remains flexible whether hot or cold. Investigators may take the more ambitious approach of looking for materials that are not currently used for a particular product to see whether they have better properties to offer: for example, the use of ether as an anesthetic relieved the pain from surgery and childbirth that people were subjected to previously. The more ambitious investigator would attempt to create new synthetic materials to suit a particular market: Freon, a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), was invented to make a safe refrigerant for home refrigerators. These are called the Market-Pull products, or market looking for a technology. Another frequent innovation path begins with a technology that is dormant or underutilized, followed by the search for new markets. When Freon was established as a safe refrigerant, it became the platform for new markets, such as air conditioning, aerosol propellants, and computer cleaning. Some technologies began as accidental discoveries when investigators were looking for something else, or were driven by curiosity. Penicillin is one of the best known examples of serendipity, of making unexpected discoveries. The most ambitious paths start from planned explorations to create a new technology, followed by the quest for a place in the market. Carothers created the field of synthetic condensation polymerization, and DuPont decided that this method could be used to make nylon fibers to replace silk stockings. These are called the Technology-Push products, or technology looking for a market.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Aerosol polymerization"

Bove, Stefano, Tron Solberg, and Bjo̸rn H. Hjertager. "Evaluation of the Parallel Parent and Daughter Classes Technique (PPDC) for Solving Population Balance Equations by Discretization: Aggregation and Breakage." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56726.

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An evaluation of the parallel parent and daughter classes (PPDC) algorithm for solving population balance equations (PBEs) by discretization is presented. By using this technique, the discretized form of the PBE, accounting for breakage and agglomeration, can easily be split into aggregation and breakage part. Numerical solutions of the PBE on simultaneous aggregation and breakage processes with different kernels, obtained by using the PPDC technique, show good agreement with solutions obtained by standard method of classes, on a linear grid, and by the quadrature method of moments (QMOM). Numerical investigations have shown the ability of the PPDC technique to predict the moments with high accuracy by using only a few classes (2–4 classes). The PPDC technique is then one of the best candidates for CFD applications involving PBEs as polymerization and de-polymerization processes, aerosol dynamics, bubbly flows etc.

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