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Статті в журналах з теми "Adsorption of stray light"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Zhao, Man, Mengying Shao, and Xiaohan Ma. "Adsorption of sulfamethoxazole by wheat straw-derived biochars in seawater." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125102036.

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The excessive use of antibiotics in mariculture have resulted in high pollution burdens of antibiotics in marine environment. Biochars, as promising adsorbents, have been widely used in organic pollutant adsorption because of their good adsorption performance and stability. However, adsorption characteristic of antibiotics in seawater by biochar is not well known. Thus, the batch experiment for the adsorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was conducted using wheat straw-derived biochars and graphite (GR) under different initial concentration of SMX and different addition of adsorbent in seawater. The results showed that the wheat straw-derived biochars produced at 700 °C was the optimal adsorbent with the maximum removal rate (R) of 70.3%, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qe) of 1.03 mg g-1 and the maximum adsorption coefficient (Kd) of 0.182 L g-1. The Qe values increased with increasing the initial concentration of SMX, while R and Kd values of SMX decreased. The R values of SMX increased with the increasing dosage of adsorbents, while Qe and Kd values of SMX decreased. These findings will shed new light on the environmentally-friendly and low-cost adsorbent for controlling the antibiotic pollution in marine environment.

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2

Shahawy, Abeer El, Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi, Mahmoud F. Mubarak, Abdullah E. Mousa, and Ahmed H. Ragab. "Rice Straw as Green Waste in a HTiO2@AC/SiO2 Nanocomposite Synthesized as an Adsorbent and Photocatalytic Material for Chlorpyrifos Removal from Aqueous Solution." Catalysts 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12070714.

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A nano-HTiO2@activated carbon-amorphous silica nanocomposite catalyst (HTiO2@AC/SiO2) is utilized to photo breakdown catalytically and adsorb chlorpyrifos insecticide. SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction were used to examine HTiO2@AC/SiO2, synthesized through sol–gel synthesis. With an average size of 7–9 nm, the crystallized form of HTiO2 is the most common form found. At varied pH, catalyst doses, agitation speed, initial pesticide concentrations, contact periods, and temperatures, HTiO2@AC/SiO2 was examined for efficiency under visible light and in darkness. Because of the pseudo-second-order kinetics observed for chlorpyrifos, chemisorption is believed to dominate the adsorption process, as indicated by an estimated activation energy of 182.769 kJ/mol, which indicates that chemisorption dominates the adsorption process in this study. The maximal adsorption capacity of chlorpyrifos is 462.6 mg g−1, according to the Langmuir isotherms, which infer this value. When exposed to visible light, the adsorption capacity of HTiO2@AC/SiO2 increased somewhat as the temperature rose (283 k 323 k 373 k), indicating an exothermic change in Gibbs free energy during the process (−1.8 kJ/mol), enthalpy change (−6.02 kJ/mol), and entropy change (0.014 J/mol K), respectively, at 298.15 K. Negative (ΔS) describes a process with decreased unpredictability and suggests spontaneous adsorption. HTiO2@AC/SiO2 may be a promising material.

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3

Wang, Xin, Xuejiang Wang, Jianfu Zhao, Jie Chen, Jing Zhang, Jingke Song, and Jiayu Huang. "Bioframe synthesis of NF–TiO2/straw charcoal composites for enhanced adsorption-visible light photocatalytic degradation of RhB." RSC Advances 5, no. 82 (2015): 66611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10639g.

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N–F codoped TiO₂/straw charcoal composites (NF–TiO₂/SC) were synthesized using a simple, bioframe-assisted sol–gel method and confirmed by XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, N₂ adsorption–desorption, Raman, FT-IR, XPS, and UV-vis DRS measurements.

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4

Xu, Yonggang, Tianxia Bai, Yubo Yan, Yunfeng Zhao, Ling Yuan, Peng Pan, and Zhen Jiang. "Enhanced removal of hexavalent chromium by different acid-modified biochar derived from corn straw: behavior and mechanism." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 2270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.290.

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Abstract It is of great significance to remove Cr(VI) from water as a result of its high toxicity. Biochar from corn straw was modified by different acids (HNO3, H2SO4 and H3PO4) to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. To estimate the removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) by the acid-modified biochars, batch experiments were performed in the light of contact time, Cr(VI) concentration, and pH, and the characteristics of acid-modified biochars before and after Cr(VI) adsorption were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) by acid-modified biochars were consistent with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption isotherm obeyed the Freundlich model. Furthermore, the acid- modified biochars could supply more oxygen-containing functional groups (-COOH and -OH) as electron donor (e−) and hydrogen ion (H+) to enhance the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), resulting in enhanced removal of Cr(VI). HNO3-modified biochar exhibited the highest removal efficiency of Cr(VI). In general, the acid modifition of biochar was an effective method to increase the removal of Cr(VI).

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5

Su, Yinyin, Binglu Zhao, Wei Xiao, and Runping Han. "Adsorption behavior of light green anionic dye using cationic surfactant-modified wheat straw in batch and column mode." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20, no. 8 (February 26, 2013): 5558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1571-7.

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6

GOODMAN, DOUGLAS. "Stray Light." Optics and Photonics News 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.3.1.000052.

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7

Butman, Mikhail F., Nataliya E. Kochkina, Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov, and Karl W. Krämer. "Photocatalytic Activity of Fibrous Ti/Ce Oxides Obtained by Hydrothermal Impregnation of Short Flax Fibers." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 3399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113399.

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Fibrous Ti/Ce oxide photocatalysts were prepared for the first time by a biomimetic solution process using short flax fibers (flax straw processing waste) as a biotemplate. Titanium polyhydroxy complex solutions with 3% and 5% cerium were used as precursors. Flax fibers were impregnated in an autoclave under hydrothermal conditions. Ti/Ce oxides were obtained from the biotemplate by annealing at 600 °C. The photocatalytic activity of the Ti/Ce oxides was studied by the adsorption and decomposition of the dye rhodamine B under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic decomposition of the dye was 50% and 75% faster for Ti/Ce oxides with 3% and 5% Ce, respectively, than for the analogous undoped fibrous TiO2. The morphologies, textures, and structures of the photocatalysts were studied by scanning electron microscopy, low temperature N2 adsorption/desorption, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray and XPS analytical methods. It was shown that the introduction of Ce into the precursor solution increased the surface irregularity of the Ti/Ce oxide crystallites compared to pure TiO2. This effect scaled with the Ce concentration. Ce improved the UV light absorption of the material. The Ti/Ce oxides contained Ce4+/Ce3+ pairs that played an important role in redox processes and intensified the photocatalytic activity.

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8

Goetz, Gregor, Katharina Hawlik, and Claudia Wild. "OP164 Extracorporeal Cytokine Adsorption Therapy: An Update Systematic Review Of Clinical Efficacy And Safety For Two Indications." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 37, S1 (December 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462321000726.

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IntroductionThe idea of using extracorporeal cytokine adsorption therapy (ECAT) is to remove cytokines from the blood in order to restore a balanced immune response. Yet, it is unclear as to whether the use of ECAT improves patient-relevant outcomes. Hence, the aim of this article is to synthesize the currently available evidence with regard to a potential clinical benefit of ECAT used in cardiac surgery or sepsis.MethodsWe conducted an updated systematic review summarizing the body of evidence with regard to a potential clinical benefit of ECAT. The study followed the PRISMA statement and the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) guidelines. The quality of the individual studies and the strength of the available evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (v.1) and the GRADE approach respectively. Mortality, organ function, length of stay in the intensive care unit and length of hospitalization, as well as adverse events, were defined as critical outcomes.ResultsFor the preventive treatment of ECAT in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, we found very low-quality inconclusive evidence for mortality (5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), n = 163), length of stay in the intensive care unit (5 RCTs, n = 163), and length of hospitalization (3 RCTs, n = 101). In addition, very low-quality inconclusive evidence was found for (serious) adverse events (4 RCTs, n = 148). For the therapeutic treatment of ECAT in patients with sepsis/ septic shock, we found very low-quality inconclusive evidence for mortality up to 60-day follow-up (2 RCTs, n = 117), organ function (2 RCTs, n = 117) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (1 study, n = 20). Similarly, very low-quality inconclusive evidence was found for (serious) adverse events (2 RCTs, n = 117). There are currently eighteen ongoing RCTs on the use of ECAT.ConclusionsThere is a lack of reliable data on the clinical benefit of using ECAT as an add-on treatment preventively in cardiac surgery and therapeutically in patients with sepsis or septic shock. While theoretical advantages are anticipated, the current available evidence is inconclusive and was not able to establish the efficacy and safety of ECAT in combination with standard care in the investigated indications. In light of the available RCTs, we strongly recommend the consideration of studies with patient-relevant endpoints and adequate statistical power, instead of investing further research funds on small studies that may not shed more light onto the potential clinical benefit of ECAT. The results of ongoing RCTs are awaited to guide the decision on whether further research funds should be invested in ECAT research or to conclude that the intervention may not show clinical benefits for patients.

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9

Clermont, Lionel, Celine Michel, Pascal Blain, Jerome Loicq, and Yvan Stockman. "Stray light entrance pupil: an efficient tool for stray light characterization." Optical Engineering 59, no. 02 (February 10, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.59.2.025102.

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10

van Rijn, L. J. "Measurement of stray light and glare: comparison of Nyktotest, Mesotest, stray light meter, and computer implemented stray light meter." British Journal of Ophthalmology 89, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2004.044990.

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11

DE WIT, GERARD C., and and JORIS E. COPPENS. "Stray Light of Spectacle Lenses Compared with Stray Light in the Eye." Optometry and Vision Science 80, no. 5 (May 2003): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200305000-00014.

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12

Nakagawa, Yasuo, Fumio Ohtani, Tamaki Yaji, and Kazuaki Ohkubo. "Stray Light Estimation of Soectroradiometry." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 78, Appendix (1994): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.78.appendix_307.

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13

Shimada, Yoshiaki, and Masayuki Horiguchi. "Stray Light–Induced Multifocal Electroretinograms." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 44, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.02-0527.

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14

Baker, Howard D., Adieren J. Watson, and D. Caroline Coile. "Experimental stray light in retinal densitometry." Visual Neuroscience 6, no. 6 (June 1991): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800002601.

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AbstractThe effects of stray light upon retinal pigment densitometric measurements were evaluated by adding specified amounts of stray light to fundus reflections. To allow for interpolations and extrapolations, a computer simulation was devised and validated against the empirical data. The results demonstrate that measured density is greatly decreased by increases in stray light but the time constant of pigment regeneration is little affected.

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15

Wang, Jie, Li Qiang Wang, Yan Shi, Hua Zheng, and Zu Kang Lu. "Study of Stray Light and Cross-Talk of the Capillary Array Electrophoresis." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 1128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.1128.

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Capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) is founded with the laser induced fluorescence detection (LIFD) system. The same model as the detection system is simulated in Tracepro and the stray light caused by capillaries is analyzed. The stray light distribution of the observation surface is plotted when the laser scans the different sections of a capillary in the array. The results of simulation indicate that the stray light is strongest when scanning the inner center of a capillary and decreases at edges; in two cases (50μm and 75μm inner diameter, ID) when the ID is larger, the stray light is stronger as a whole. Different ID of capillaries which affects the stray light is analyzed; considering many factors, 50μm ID of capillary is appropriate. Based on the analysis of stray light cross-talk by other capillaries in an array, the spacing between capillaries in an array is suggested more than 50μm which the stray light is steady-going and simple to operate. The results can be helpful for the mode of the laser scanning different capillaries in an array sequentially.

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16

Tol, Paul J. J., Tim A. van Kempen, Richard M. van Hees, Matthijs Krijger, Sidney Cadot, Ralph Snel, Stefan T. Persijn, Ilse Aben, and Ruud W. M. Hoogeveen. "Characterization and correction of stray light in TROPOMI-SWIR." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 7 (July 27, 2018): 4493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4493-2018.

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Abstract. The shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectrometer module of the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), on board the ESA Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite, is used to measure atmospheric CO and methane columns. For this purpose, calibrated radiance measurements are needed that are minimally contaminated by instrumental stray light. Therefore, a method has been developed and applied in an on-ground calibration campaign to characterize stray light in detail using a monochromatic quasi-point light source. The dynamic range of the signal was extended to more than 7 orders of magnitude by performing measurements with different exposure times, saturating detector pixels at the longer exposure times. Analysis of the stray light indicates about 4.4 % of the detected light is correctable stray light. An algorithm was then devised and implemented in the operational data processor to correct in-flight SWIR observations in near-real time, based on Van Cittert deconvolution. The stray light is approximated by a far-field kernel independent of position and wavelength and an additional kernel representing the main reflection. Applying this correction significantly reduces the stray-light signal, for example in a simulated dark forest scene close to bright clouds by a factor of about 10. Simulations indicate that this reduces the stray-light error sufficiently for accurate gas-column retrievals. In addition, the instrument contains five SWIR diode lasers that enable long-term, in-flight monitoring of the stray-light distribution.

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17

Clermont, Lionel, Céline Michel, and Yvan Stockman. "Stray Light Correction Algorithm for High Performance Optical Instruments: The Case of Metop-3MI." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061354.

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Stray light is a critical aspect for high performance optical instruments. When stray light control by design is insufficient to reach the performance requirement, correction by post-processing must be considered. This situation is encountered, for example, in the case of the Earth observation instrument 3MI, whose stray light properties are complex due to the presence of many ghosts distributed on the detector array. We implement an iterative correction method and discuss its convergence properties. Spatial and field binning can be employed to reduce the computation time but at the cost of a decreased performance. Interpolation of the stray light properties is required to achieve high performance correction. For that, two methods are proposed and tested. The first interpolate the stray light in the field domain while the second applies a scaling operation based on a local symmetry assumption. Ultimately, the scaling method is selected and a stray light reduction by a factor of 58 is obtained at 2σ (129 at 1σ) for an extended scene illumination.

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18

Wang, Jing Yi, and Yan Wu Chen. "Study on the Stray Light Suppression of Fundus Camera." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 1664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1664.

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Fundus camera is a system that is a kind of observation and records the images of the retina of the eye. Through these retinal images, it can diagnosis Systemic diseases early, but Stray light will make the images blur and contrast reduction, reduce the ratio of Signal to noise of the images, affect the fundus camera imaging quality seriously, we must eliminate it. In this paper, aiming at the fundus camera stray light sources that gives the corresponding stray light suppression measures, for the fundus camera’s further developments provide a reference, prospecting the future technology development of eliminating stray light.

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19

Li, Jinliang, Yang Yang, Xiaohai Qu, and Chenpin Jiang. "Stray Light Analysis and Elimination of an Optical System Based on the Structural Optimization Design of an Airborne Camera." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 12, 2022): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041935.

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An aspherical airborne camera has excellent performance in the field of photoelectric reconnaissance equipment. However, the image plane contrast of the optical system will be reduced by stray light originating from inside or outside of the optical system. In the present work, the self-designed aspheric airborne camera is manufactured with a baffle and vanes to reduce the impact of stray light on the camera imaging quality. TracePro software is used to analyze the stray light and establish an ABg mathematical model based on the scattering intensity measurement. The incident angle of the light parallel to the optical axis is set, and ray tracing is performed on the optical machine model to verify whether it conforms to the optical system design. The results showed that when the incident angle of the light source is greater than 0.5°, the point source transmittance (PST) value drops rapidly, and when the incident angle is 30°, the PST value of the system is in the order of 10−8. Stray light analysis verifies that the self-designed aspheric surface-based camera optomechanical structure has the ability to suppress stray light. The design of the baffle and vanes further enhances the ability of the optical system to suppress stray light, which can provide a reference for the design of a stray light elimination structure.

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20

Schlichenmaier, R., and M. Franz. "Stray-light correction in 2D spectroscopy." Astronomy & Astrophysics 555 (July 2013): A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321482.

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21

van den Berg, Thomas J. T. P., and Jan Kees IJspeert. "Clinical assessment of intraocular stray light." Applied Optics 31, no. 19 (July 1, 1992): 3694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.31.003694.

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22

Brown, Steven W., B. Carol Johnson, Michael E. Feinholz, Mark A Yarbrough, Stephanie J. Flora, Keith R. Lykke, and Dennis K. Clark. "Stray-light correction algorithm for spectrographs." Metrologia 40, no. 1 (February 2003): S81—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/40/1/318.

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23

Veraart, H. G. N., and T. J. T. P. Van Den Berg. "Ocular lubricants and intraocular stray light." Documenta Ophthalmologica 82, no. 1-2 (March 1992): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00156990.

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24

Mastroserio, G., B. W. Grefenstette, P. Thalhammer, D. J. K. Buisson, M. C. Brumback, R. M. Ludlam, R. M. T. Connors, et al. "NuSTAR Spectral Analysis beyond 79 keV with Stray Light." Astrophysical Journal 941, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8c94.

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Abstract Due to the structure of the NuSTAR telescope, photons at a large off axis (>1°) can reach the detectors directly (stray light), without passing through the instrument optics. At these off-axis angles NuSTAR essentially turns into a collimated instrument and the spectrum can extend to energies above the Pt K edge (79 keV) of the multilayers, which limits the effective area bandpass of the optics. We present the first scientific spectral analysis beyond 79 keV using a Cygnus X-1 observation in StrayCats: the catalog of stray light observations. This serendipitous stray light observation occurred simultaneously with an INTEGRAL observation. When the spectra are modeled together in the 30–120 keV energy band, we find that the NuSTAR stray light flux is well calibrated and constrained to be consistent with the INTEGRAL flux at the 90% confidence level. Furthermore, we explain how to treat the background of the stray light spectral analysis, which is especially important at high energies.

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25

Niu, Jin Xing, and Heng Can Li. "Principal-Component Calculation of Stray Light for Infrared Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.387.

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Analysis and calculation of stray light is important to improve the performance of infrared detection system. In this article, we mainly discussed two sources: earth and atmosphere emission and thermal stray radiation. A method based on Monte Carlo ray-tracing in TracePro is proposed to calculate the irradiance of detector arisen from earth and atmosphere emission. The thermal stray light irradiance on detector can also be obtained by simulation in TracePro.

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26

Zhao, Junyuan, Yuqing He, Xiuqing Hu, Weiqi Jin, Lijun Zhang, and Dan Zhang. "Simulation of External Stray Light for FY-3C VIRR Combined with Satellite Orbit Attitude Model." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 5037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245037.

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Optical imaging systems mounted on a Sun-synchronous satellite are probably disturbed by stray light when working in the space environment. Existing research has shown that the Visible Infrared Radiometer (VIRR) onboard the FY-3C satellite is affected by external solar stray light radiation when imaging the ground. In this paper, based on analyzing the solar stray light generation mechanism, we propose a simulation and analysis method combined with the given satellite orbit attitude model to investigate the influence of external solar stray light on VIRR’s imaging quality. We use the FY-3C orbit parameters to obtain the variation pattern of the angles between the solar vector and the payload. Based on the VIRR mechanical structure and optical scattering model, light tracing is performed to investigate the spatial distribution of irradiation on the primary mirror. The results of the occurrence time and intensity of stray light obtained by the simulation are consistent with the actual data when imaging the ground, which verifies that the proposed method is a correct and effective way to investigate the regularity of the external stray light of on-orbit payload.

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27

Wang, Guo Dong, and Yu Zhang. "Extinction Thread to Infrared Lensdissipation Stray Light Research." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1600–1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1600.

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In the infrared optical system ，due to the special infrared imaging system, the stray can have the very tremendous influence to the image formation，this article utilizes the SolidWorks 3D design software design, and use the extinction thread ZEMAX optical analysis software on the extinction of a thread, the infrared lenses for analysis, through theoretical and practical study proves that extinction thread on infrared system weakened noticeably stray light radiation, infrared imaging have a beneficial effect. On the future of weakening the stray light offers a new method.

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28

Zhu, Deyan, Yang Chen, Ping Li, Bin Feng, and Yajun Pang. "Design and Management of Stray Light for Compact Final Optics Assembly on the High Energy Laser System." International Journal of Optics 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6655866.

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In this study, a model is proposed to design and manage the stray light of a compact final optics assembly (FOA) for a high energy laser system. Based on the method we proposed, the high-order stray light can be managed to optimizing the position and angle of the optical elements. A light trap is designed to manage the first-order stray light with high fluence. Applying the method, we provide an experimental demonstration to designing a compact FOA. By comparing the cleaning results with no management testing result, it proves that using the above design and management, it can achieve the great improvement of cleanliness from ISO Class 5 to Class 3, which is significant to improve the output capability of the high energy laser system. In addition, we also verify the stray light by an optical field paper. It demonstrates that the field characteristics and position calculation of stray light are reliable.

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29

Shu Xingxing, 舒星星, and 刘卫林 Liu Weilin. "Suppression of Stray Light in Visible Light Optical System." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 51, no. 12 (2014): 121101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop51.121101.

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30

Romoli, Marco, Heinz Weiser, Larry D. Gardner, and John L. Kohl. "Stray-light suppression in a reflecting white-light coronagraph." Applied Optics 32, no. 19 (July 1, 1993): 3559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.32.003559.

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31

Li, Ling Yin, Yi Fan Wang, and Xiao Gang San. "Stray Light Analysis of Solar Photoelectric Detection System on Space Target." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.196.

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Most conventional spacious solar photoelectric detection systems suffer from unexpected stray light. This paper demonstrates the effects on photoelectric detection system bring out by stray light. On this foundation, build up evaluation index of stray light system, to search the reasonable programme to eliminating stray light. A detailed telescope system geometry model was created, and scatter models were create for telescope and enclosure components. By the means of designing the structure of main baffle, baffle vane and the coating technology. In order to verify the prosperity of structure that designed, we utilizes software to analysis opto-mechanical model. we utilizes software to analysis opto-mechanical model. The simulations show that point source transmittance of the system is thus reduced by up to two orders of magnitude between 10-8 and 10-10. Meanwhile, the experiment obtains clean detection data which satisfies the system requirements. Stray light has been suppressed effectually, and so measurement precision was improved from detection graphics.

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32

Zhong, Xing, Zhiqiang Su, Guo Zhang, Zhigang Chen, Yao Meng, Deren Li, and Yong Liu. "Analysis and Reduction of Solar Stray Light in the Nighttime Imaging Camera of Luojia-1 Satellite." Sensors 19, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051130.

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As one of the experimental payloads on Luojia-1 satellite, the nighttime imaging camera works with a high sensitivity to acquire nighttime light on earth. Solar stray light is a fatal problem for optical satellite works in the polar orbit, even for nighttime scene imaging, resulting in image saturation and light signal detection failure. To solve this problem, an analysis of the range of solar incident angles was conducted firstly. Based on the result, a special-shaped baffle was designed to avoid direct sunlight incidence. Moreover, the capability of stray light elimination of the lens was enhanced by an order of magnitude via optimizing the internal structure. An evaluation of secondary scattering stray lights into the camera from surrounding parts was performed based on a real satellite model. The results showed that the stray light elimination reaches a 10−10 order, meeting design requirements. Utilizing on-orbit images, the ability of satellites in illuminated areas to obtain artificial lights in dawn-dusk area was verified, proving the effectiveness of the stray light elimination design.

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33

Isaksson, Tomas, and Peter R. Griffiths. "Optimal Absorbance for Transmission or Reflection Spectra Measured under Conditions of Constant Detector Noise in the Presence of Stray Radiation." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 7 (July 2002): 916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760171608.

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The signal-to-noise ratio ( S/N) for absorption spectrometers can be expressed as absorbance/absorbance noise ( Am/ SAm), where Am is the measured absorbance and Smm is the standard deviation in Am, or as concentration/concentration noise ( c/sc) calculated from Beer's law. For measurements made under ideal conditions, Am/ SAm. However, when stray radiation, or an analogous phenomenon, such as detector nonlinearity in FT-IR measurements or surface reflection in diffuse reflection spectrometry, contributes to the spectrum, C/ Sc ≠ Am/ SAm. It is known that the optimum value of Am/ SAm in the absence of stray light is found at an absorbance of 0.4816 when noise from the reference spectrum is taken into account and 0.4343 when noise from the reference spectrum is excluded from the calculations. In the present paper we discuss the effect of stray light on the absorbance and concentration S/N. The maximum value of c/sc is found at lower absorbance than is the case if stray light is absent. While this effect is negligibly small for the typical levels of stray light found with most contemporary monochromators, it can be significant when, for example, the response of a detector used in Fourier transform spectrometry is nonlinear or when the front-surface reflection in diffuse reflection measurements is large. For effective stray light levels of 10%, the maximum value of c/sc is found at an absorbance that is 22% lower than when no source of stray light is present.

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34

Guo, Shao Jun, and Zhe Wang. "The Research of Starry-Sky Image Bright Stray Light Background Suppression Method." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4107.

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The space-based visible observation imaging platform for sky targets is influenced by many factors, a serious factor is the light of background too bright. A image with the bright stray light background has some high gray areas those may submerge the targets info. Aimed at the shortcomings of traditional background removal method in target extraction under the bright stray light background, according to the differences of bright stray light background and sky targets imaging characteristics, this paper has made some research of the algorithms about how to remove the bright stray light background but not delete the targets info. The algorithm we got that give us great results will be shown in the paper. It solves the problems of the bright background light removal and greatly retain the targets info which submerged in the bright areas.

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35

Lindstrot, Rasmus, Rene Preusker, and Jürgen Fischer. "Empirical Correction of Stray Light within the MERIS Oxygen A-Band Channel." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1430.1.

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Abstract Spaceborne spectrometers like the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) on board the Environmental Satellite (Envisat) are widely used for the remote sensing of atmospheric and oceanic properties and make an important contribution to the monitoring of the earth’s atmosphere system. To enable retrievals with high accuracy, the spectral and radiometric properties of the instruments have to be characterized with high precision. One of the main sources of radiometric errors is stray light caused by multiple reflections and scattering at the optical elements within the instruments. If not corrected for properly, the stray light–induced offsets of measured intensity can lead to significant errors in the derived parameters. The effect of stray light is particularly momentous in the case of measurements inside strong absorption bands like the oxygen A band at 0.76 μm or the ρστ absorption band of water vapor around 0.9 μm. For example, the retrieval of surface and cloud-top pressure from MERIS measurements in the O2 A band can be biased because of an insufficient correction of stray light in the operational processing chain. To correct for the residual stray light influence after the operational stray light correction in the O2 A-band channel of MERIS, an empirical stray light correction of the measured radiance at 0.76 μm has been developed based on optimizing the coefficients of a simple brightness-dependent stray light model. The optimal model coefficients were found by adjusting the retrievals of surface and cloud-top pressure to accurate reference data for several selected scenes. To account for the limited accuracy of the MERIS spectral calibration, the center wavelength of the O2 A-band channel was additionally adjusted within a ±0.1-nm tolerance range. The correction was tested on a variety of clear and cloudy scenes at different locations by applying the surface and cloud-top pressure retrieval algorithms to data recorded over the whole lifetime of MERIS. The results indicate the potential to greatly improve the accuracy of the retrieved pressure values using the proposed correction factors.

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36

Saranathan, S., M. van Noort, and S. K. Solanki. "Correction of atmospheric stray light in restored slit spectra." Astronomy & Astrophysics 653 (August 31, 2021): A17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937100.

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Context. A long-standing issue in solar ground-based observations has been the contamination of data due to stray light, which is particularly relevant in inversions of spectropolarimetric data. Aims. We aim to build on a statistical method of correcting stray-light contamination due to residual high-order aberrations and apply it to ground-based slit spectra. Methods. The observations were obtained at the Swedish Solar Telescope, and restored using the multi-frame blind deconvolution restoration procedure. Using the statistical properties of seeing, we created artificially degraded synthetic images generated from magneto-hydrodynamic simulations. We then compared the synthetic data with the observations to derive estimates of the amount of the residual stray light in the observations. In the final step, the slit spectra were deconvolved with a stray-light point spread function to remove the residual stray light from the observations. Results. The RMS granulation contrasts of the deconvolved spectra were found to increase to approximately 12.5%, from 9%. Spectral lines, on average, were found to become deeper in the granules and shallower in the inter-granular lanes, indicating systematic changes to gradients in temperature. The deconvolution was also found to increase the redshifts and blueshifts of spectral lines, suggesting that the velocities of granulation in the solar photosphere are higher than had previously been observed.

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37

DeForest, C. E., P. C. H. Martens, and M. J. Wills-Davey. "SOLAR CORONAL STRUCTURE AND STRAY LIGHT INTRACE." Astrophysical Journal 690, no. 2 (December 12, 2008): 1264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/690/2/1264.

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38

Davies, John A. "Correcting for Stray Light in Brewer Spectroradiometers." Environmental Technology 17, no. 4 (April 1996): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593331708616402.

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39

Skogerboe, Kristen J., and Edward S. Yeung. "Stray light rejection in fiber-optic probes." Analytical Chemistry 59, no. 14 (July 15, 1987): 1812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00141a016.

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40

Veraart, H. G. N., T. J. T. P. Van Den Berg, R. Hennekes, and A. M. J. Adank. "Stray light in photorefractive keratectomy for myopia." Documenta Ophthalmologica 90, no. 1 (January 1995): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01203292.

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41

Sheppard, C. J. R. "Stray light and noise in confocal microscopy." Micron and Microscopica Acta 22, no. 3 (January 1991): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0739-6260(91)90004-j.

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42

Klaas, U., K. Okumura, M. Ferlet, T. Müller, M. Sanchez-Portal, B. Altieri, D. Doyle, and G. L. Pilbratt. "Herschel out-of-field stray-light characterization." Experimental Astronomy 37, no. 2 (November 7, 2013): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10686-013-9362-1.

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43

Lee, Chang Kiu, Ji Sook Yu, and Young Hie Kim. "Cis-transisomerization of styrylpyrroles by stray light." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 30, no. 2 (March 1993): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570300208.

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44

Hikita, Tomoyuki, Kazunari Ishida, and Takuro Ikeda. "Compact High-Pressure Light Scattering Cell with Low Stray Light." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 28, Part 1, No. 10 (October 20, 1989): 2022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.28.2022.

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45

Chen, Xiangzi, and Xiangqian Quan. "Analysis of Stray Light and Enhancement of SNR in DMD-Based Spectrometers." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 6237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166237.

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Due to advantages such as the high efficiency of light utilization, small volume, and vibration resistance, digital micro-mirror device (DMD)-based spectrometers are widely used in ocean investigations, mountain surveys, and other field science research. In order to eliminate the stray light caused by DMDs, the stray light in DMD-based spectrometers was first measured and analyzed. Then, the stray light was classified into wavelength-related components and wavelength-unrelated components. Moreover, the noise caused by the stray light was analyzed from the perspective of encoding equation, and the de-noising decoding equation was deduced. The results showed that the accuracy range of absorbance was enhanced from [0, 1.9] to [0, 3.1] in single-stripe mode and the accuracy range of absorbance was enhanced from [0, 3.8] to [0, 6.3] in Hadamard transform (HT) multiple-stripe mode. A conclusion can be drawn that the de-noising strategy is feasible and effective for enhancing the SNR in DMD-based spectrometers.

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46

Vaziri Zanjani, Zahra, Omid Moeini, Tom McElroy, David Barton, and Vladimir Savastiouk. "A calibration procedure which accounts for non-linearity in single-monochromator Brewer ozone spectrophotometer measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-271-2019.

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Abstract. It is now known that single-monochromator Brewer spectrophotometer ozone and sulfur dioxide measurements suffer from non-linearity at large ozone slant column amounts due to the presence of instrumental stray light caused by scattering within the optics of the instrument. Because of the large gradient in the ozone absorption spectrum in the near-ultraviolet, the atmospheric spectra measured by the instrument possess a very large gradient in intensity in the 300 to 325 nm wavelength region. This results in a significant sensitivity to stray light when there is more than 1000 Dobson units (DU) of ozone in the light path. As the light path (air mass) through ozone increases, the stray-light effect on the measurements also increases. The measurements can be of the order of 10 %, low for an ozone column of 600 DU and an air mass factor of 3 (1800 DU slant column amount), which is an example of conditions that produce large slant column amounts. Primary calibrations for the Brewer instrument are carried out at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii and Izana Observatory in Tenerife. They are done using the Langley plot method to extrapolate a set of measurements made under a constant ozone vertical column to an extraterrestrial calibration constant. Since the effects of a small non-linearity at moderate ozone paths may still be important, a better calibration procedure should account for the non-linearity of the instrument response. Studies involving the scanning of a laser source have been used to characterize the stray-light response of the Brewer (Fioletov et al., 2000), but until recently these data have not been used to elucidate the relationship between the stray-light response and the ozone measurement non-linearity. In a study done by Karppinen et al. (2015), a method for correcting stray light has been presented that uses an additive correction, which is determined via instrument slit characterization and a radiative transfer model simulation and is then applied to the single Brewer data (Karppinen et al., 2015). The European Brewer Network is also applying stray-light corrections, which includes an iterative process that results in correcting the single Brewer data to agree with double Brewer data (Rimmer et al., 2018; Redondas et al., 2018). The first model requires measurements of the slit function and the latter method relies on a calibrated instrument, such as a double Brewer, to characterize the instrument and to determine a correction for stray light. This paper presents a simple and practical method to correct for the effects of stray light, which includes a mathematical model of the instrument response and a non-linear retrieval approach that calculates the best values for the model parameters. The model can then be used in reverse to provide more accurate ozone values up to a defined maximum ozone slant path. The parameterization used was validated using an instrument physical model simulation. This model can be applied independently to any Brewer instrument and correct for the effects of stray light.

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47

Zhou, Yao, Jufan Zhang, and Fengzhou Fang. "Stray light analysis and design optimization of geometrical waveguide." Advanced Optical Technologies 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2020-0059.

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Abstract Waveguide technology has great prospects of development in optical see-through near-eye displays with larger field of view, lower thickness and lighter weight than other conventional optical technologies. However, the stray light is usually inevitable in current optical design and manufacturing, causing a poor imaging quality. In this paper, the principle and structures of stray light generation are analyzed, and the causes are discussed by non-sequential ray-tracing with mass precision calculation. From the ray-tracing, the suppression of stray light by optimizing design and manufacturing are achieved. A 2 mm-thickness geometrical waveguide with partially reflective mirror array is designed. The field of view of the optimized geometrical waveguide reaches 47° with 10 mm at exit pupil diameter and 20 mm at eye relief.

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48

LIU, YING, YUANPING ZHOU, WEIGUO WANG, and WENMING TANG. "OPTICAL SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING OF OPTICAL IMAGING WITH STRAY LIGHT BEAMS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 21, no. 09 (September 2010): 1183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183110015750.

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For the optical signal analysis and processing of optical imaging with stray light beams, a new analysis method for smoothing the optical image edge and maintaining the spectrum signal well is presented in this paper. By calculating the mean gray value of the light pixel in the filter window of adaptive algorithm, we can analyze and compare the difference between the mean gray value and the current gray value with the light pixel of stray light beams, and can determine the smoothness of the optical image edge. This method can increase greatly the ability of optical image analysis and processing, and effectively reduce the false edge and the edge loss for the optical imaging with stray light beams, so that the optical image with high quality can be obtained.

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49

Moeini, Omid, Zahra Vaziri Zanjani, C. Thomas McElroy, David W. Tarasick, Robert D. Evans, Irina Petropavlovskikh, and Keh-Harng Feng. "The effect of instrumental stray light on Brewer and Dobson total ozone measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-327-2019.

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Abstract. Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers are the primary, standard instruments for ground-based ozone measurements under the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch program. The accuracy of the data retrieval for both instruments depends on a knowledge of the ozone absorption coefficients and some assumptions underlying the data analysis. Instrumental stray light causes nonlinearity in the response of both the Brewer and Dobson to ozone at large ozone slant paths. In addition, it affects the effective ozone absorption coefficients and extraterrestrial constants that are both instrument-dependent. This effect has not been taken into account in the calculation of ozone absorption coefficients that are currently recommended by WMO for the Dobson network. The ozone absorption coefficients are calculated for each Brewer instrument individually, but in the current procedure the effect of stray light is not considered. This study documents the error caused by the effect of stray light in the Brewer and Dobson total ozone measurements using a physical model for each instrument. For the first time, new ozone absorption coefficients are calculated for the Brewer and Dobson instruments, taking into account the stray light effect. The analyses show that the differences detected between the total ozone amounts deduced from Dobson AD and CD pair wavelengths are related to the level of stray light within the instrument. The discrepancy introduced by the assumption of a fixed height for the ozone layer for ozone measurements at high latitude sites is also evaluated. The ozone data collected by two Dobson instruments during the period of December 2008 to December 2014 are compared with ozone data from a collocated double monochromator Brewer spectrophotometer (Mark III). The results illustrate the dependence of Dobson AD and CD pair measurements on stray light.

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50

Sommer, A. J., and J. E. Katon. "Diffraction-Induced Stray Light in Infrared Microspectroscopy and its Effect on Spatial Resolution." Applied Spectroscopy 45, no. 10 (December 1991): 1633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702914335229.

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Model experiments were conducted in an effort to quantitatively assess the extent of stray light, resulting from diffraction, in an FT-IR microscope system. The effects of stray light were studied under conditions employing different aperturing modes, aperture sizes, and wavelengths of light. Results and consequences of the findings are discussed with respect to the spatial resolution and quantitative integrity of the data obtainable in mapping analyses of multilayer polymer laminates.

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