Статті в журналах: "Adsorption of organic pollutants"

1

Budhiraja, Vaibhav, Anja Urh, Petra Horvat, and Andrej Krzan. "Synergistic Adsorption of Organic Pollutants on Weathered Polyethylene Microplastics." Polymers 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 2674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132674.

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Microplastics (MPs) are persistent tiny pieces of plastic material in the environment that are capable of adsorbing environmental organic pollutants from their surroundings. The interaction of MPs with organic pollutants alters their environmental behavior, i.e., their adsorption, degradation and toxicity, etc. Polyethylene (PE) is the most widely used plastic material. The environmental weathering of PE results in changes to its surface chemistry, making the polymer a much better vector for organic pollutants than virgin PE. In this study, a laboratory-accelerated weathering experiment was carried out with a virgin PE film and an oxidatively degradable PE (OXO-PE) film, i.e., PE modified by the addition of a pro-oxidant catalyst. The degradation of PE and OXO-PE was assessed through Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and their wettability was measured by contact angle (CA) measurements. Their thermal properties and morphology were studied using thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Further, the adsorption of two model organic pollutants onto weathered and virgin PE was analyzed. Triclosan (TCS) and methylparaben (MeP) were chosen as model organic pollutants for the adsorption experiment due to their frequent use in the cosmetics industry, their uncontrolled release into the environment and their toxicity. The adsorption of both model pollutants onto PE and OXO-PE MP was analyzed by using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The adsorption of MeP onto OXO-PE was higher than onto PE MPs. However, TCS showed insignificant adsorption onto PE and OXO-PE. When both pollutants were present simultaneously, the adsorption of TCS onto both PE and OXO-PE was significantly influenced by the presence of MeP. This result demonstrates that the adsorption behavior of one pollutant can be significantly altered by the presence of another pollutant. Both the effect of weathering on the adsorption of organic pollutants as well as the interaction between organic pollutants adsorbing onto MPs is highly relevant to actual MP pollution in the environment, where MPs are exposed to weathering conditions and mixtures of organic pollutants.

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Ye, Lin, Nirmala N. Khandan, and Findlay G. Edwards. "Biological treatment of airstreams contaminated with organic vapors." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 7 (October 1, 1994): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0311.

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Increases in regulatory control of discharges of organic vapors require improvement of traditional methods of removal and treatment of organic vapors from airstreams. The traditional methods of removal, various forms of adsorption, only change the phase of the pollutants. Subsequent treatment of the pollutants has proven to be energy intensive and therefore expensive. Biological treatment of organics has proven to be inexpensive but requires that the organics be in dissolved form, in the liquid phase, and at a concentration above a minimum concentration. Adsorption of organics in the gas phase onto activated carbon, which is suspended in water, will remove the pollutants from the gas phase and can increase the aqueous concentration, in the region around each activated carbon particle, above the required minimum for biological degradation. The organic pollutants can then be biodegraded leaving harmless by-products. Design of a reactor to provide for the phase change and the biodegradation of the pollutant requires development of a theoretical model and validation of the model.

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Song, Xia, Nana Nyarko Mensah, Yuting Wen, Jingling Zhu, Zhongxing Zhang, Wui Siew Tan, Xinwei Chen та Jun Li. "β-Cyclodextrin-Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for Removal of Organic Micropollutants from Water". Molecules 26, № 16 (19 серпня 2021): 5031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165031.

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Water pollution by various toxic substances remains a serious environmental problem, especially the occurrence of organic micropollutants including endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical pollutants and naphthol pollutants. Adsorption process has been an effective method for pollutant removal in wastewater treatment. However, the thermal regeneration process for the most widely used activated carbon is costly and energy-consuming. Therefore, there has been an increasing need to develop alternative low-cost and effective adsorption materials for pollutant removal. Herein, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cheap and versatile material, was modified with methacrylate groups by reacting with methacryloyl chloride, giving an average degree of substitution of 3 per β-CD molecule. β-CD-methacrylate, which could function as a crosslinker, was then copolymerized with acrylamide monomer via free-radical copolymerization to form β-CD-polyacrylamide (β-CD-PAAm) hydrogel. Interestingly, in the structure of the β-CD-PAAm hydrogel, β-CD is not only a functional unit binding pollutant molecules through inclusion complexation, but also a structural unit crosslinking PAAm leading to the formation of the hydrogel 3D networks. Morphological studies showed that β-CD-PAAm gel had larger pore size than the control PAAm gel, which was synthesized using conventional crosslinker instead of β-CD-methacrylate. This was consistent with the higher swelling ratio of β-CD-PAAm gel than that of PAAm gel (29.4 vs. 12.7). In the kinetic adsorption studies, phenolphthalein, a model dye, and bisphenol A, propranolol hydrochloride, and 2-naphthol were used as model pollutants from different classes. The adsorption data for β-CD-PAAm gel fitted well into the pseudo-second-order model. In addition, the thermodynamic studies revealed that β-CD-PAAm gel was able to effectively adsorb the different dye and pollutants at various concentrations, while the control PAAm gel had very low adsorption, confirming that the pollutant removal was due to the inclusion complexation between β-CD units and pollutant molecules. The adsorption isotherms of the different dye and pollutants by the β-CD-PAAm gel fitted well into the Langmuir model. Furthermore, the β-CD-PAAm gel could be easily recycled by soaking in methanol and reused without compromising its performance for five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. Therefore, the β-CD-PAAm gel, which combines the advantage of an easy-to-handle hydrogel platform and the effectiveness of adsorption by β-CD units, could be a promising pollutant removal system for wastewater treatment applications.

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Adegoke, Kayode Adesina, Rhoda Oyeladun Oyewole, Bukola Morenike Lasisi, and Olugbenga Solomon Bello. "Abatement of organic pollutants using fly ash based adsorbents." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 10 (July 28, 2017): 2580–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.437.

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Abstract The presence of organic pollutants in the environment is of major concern because of their toxicity, bio-accumulating tendency, threat to human life and the environment. It is a well-known fact that, these pollutants can damage nerves, liver, and bones and could also block functional groups of essential enzymes. Conventional methods for removing dissolved pollutants include chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation or reduction, filtration, ion-exchange, electrochemical treatment, application of membrane technology, evaporation recovery and biological treatment. Although all the pollutant treatment techniques can be employed, they have their inherent advantages and limitations. Among all these methods, adsorption process is considered better than other methods because of convenience, easy operation and simplicity of design. A fundamentally important characteristic of good adsorbents is their high porosity and consequent larger surface area with more specific adsorption sites. This paper presents a review of adsorption of different pollutants using activated carbon prepared from fly ash sources and the attendant environmental implications. Also, the ways of overcoming barriers to fly ash utilization together with regeneration studies are also discussed.

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Shanahan, Caitlin J., and Jason J. Keleher. "Biomimetic Adsorptive Composites for Redox Remediation of Organic Pollutants." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642384mtgabs.

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Conductive hydrogels have gained interest as responsive materials for pollutant sensing and degradation in a variety of applications such as wastewater and soil remediation. There has been a significant increase in both commercial and domestic wastewater, which is output into ground sources, acting as a leading contaminant for surrounding communities. Specifically, cationic organic textile dyes such as methylene blue, methyl red, and methyl violet which are known monoamine oxidase inhibitors are prevalent pollutants. To improve remediation, this work employs a biopolymeric (i.e. polysaccharide) matrix to aid in non-covalent adsorption of pollutants to the network. Additionally, modification of the polysaccharide backbone with a conductive polymer can promote electron transfer throughout the matrix. This work employs the photoinitiation of a metal-polysaccharide complex to directly polymerize polyaniline (PANI) on the polysaccharide backbone. The PANI-functionalized composite can be utilized as a reducing substrate for the adsorptive redox remediation of the organic pollutants that occur in contaminated soils or water supplies.

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6

Liu, Chongmin, Pingxiao Wu, Lytuong Tran, Nengwu Zhu, and Zhi Dang. "Organo-montmorillonites for efficient and rapid water remediation: sequential and simultaneous adsorption of lead and bisphenol A." Environmental Chemistry 15, no. 5 (2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en18057.

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Environmental contextNovel materials are increasingly being sought-after to remove metals and organic pollutants from water. We investigated two organo-functionalised montmorillonites for sequential and simultaneous adsorption of lead and bisphenol A. Our findings could lead to new approaches for handling emergency complex pollution events. AbstractOrgano-montmorillonites (OMts) modified by two different carbon chain lengths of betaine were used to remove the combined pollution (heavy metal and organic pollutant) from a water environment, sequentially and simultaneously. The properties of OMts were measured with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC). The independent adsorption of a single pollutant, direct sequential adsorption, indirect sequential adsorption and simultaneous adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) and lead ion (Pb2+) onto OMts were investigated. Initial concentrations, reaction time, solution pH and the release amount of pre-adsorbed contaminant in the sequential sorption system were also investigated for the adsorption behaviours of Pb2+ and BPA. Two kinetic models and two adsorption isotherms were applied to explain the adsorption process. The adsorptive mechanism of BPA adsorption onto OMts was ascribed to a hydrophobic interaction, while the mechanism for Pb2+ adsorption was attributed to cation exchange, surface adsorption, electrostatic attraction and complexation from the results of specific surface area Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This study might provide valuable information for the application of novel organoclays to the removal of both heavy metal and organics from water.

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7

Li, Yinchun, Depeng Gong, Youliang Zhou, Chaocan Zhang, Chunyang Zhang, Yitian Sheng, and Shu Peng. "Respiratory Adsorption of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater by Superhydrophobic Phenolic Xerogels." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081596.

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Organogel adsorbents are widely used for the adsorption of hard-to-degrade organic pollutants in wastewater due to their natural affinity to the organic phase in water. In this study, phenolic xerogels (PF) synthesised in the ethylene glycol inorganic acid system are used as a backbone and superhydrophobic phenolic xerogels (ASO-PF) are obtained by grafting aminosilanes onto the PF backbone via the Mannich reaction. The modified ASO-PF not only retains the pore structure of the original PF (up to 90% porosity), but also has excellent superhydrophobic properties (water contact angle up to 153°). Owing to the unique pore structure, ASO-PF has excellent compression properties, cycling 50% compression deformation more than 10 times without being damaged, with a maximum compression deformation of up to 80%. A squeeze–suction–squeeze approach is proposed for selective adsorption of organic pollutants in homogeneous solutions based on the recyclable compression properties of ASO-PF. The ASO-PF is put under negative pressure by squeezing, and when the pressure is released, the adsorbed liquid enters the ASO-PF, where the organic pollutants are retained by the adsorption sites in the skeleton, and then the remaining water is discharged by squeezing. This breathing ASO-PF holds great promise for organic pollutant adsorption and recovery applications.

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8

Bell, J. P., and M. Tsezos. "Removal of Hazardous Organic Pollutants by Adsorption on Microbial Biomass." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1987): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0221.

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Removal of five toxic organic compounds from water by adsorption on microbial biomass was investigated. Lindane, diazinon, malathion, pentachlorophenol, and the PCB 2-chlorobiphenyl were adsorbed onto two types of inactive microbial biomass (a pure strain of Rhizopusarrhizus, and a mixed culture of activated sludge). Desorption and the thermodynamics of the adsorption process were also investigated. With the exception of malathion, the adsorptive uptake data fit the Freundlich equation and were well correlated with the octanol/water partition coefficient, but not as well correlated with water solubility of the compounds. Except for malathion the adsorption was reversible. Malathion showed unusually high apparent uptake and the removal appeared to be irreversible. The experimental evidence suggests that the disappearance of malathion resulted from a chemical reaction, while physical adsorption appears to account for removal of the other compounds.

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9

Rezaei, Hassan, Saeedeh Rastegar, Seyyed Aliakbar Hedayati, Yousef Dadban Shahamat, and Omid Sedaghat. "Isothermal and Kinetic Evaluation of Adsorption Fish Farm Effluents by Nanocomposites (Chitosan and Activated Carbon)." Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jaehr.9.2.1196.

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Background: In wastewater treatment, removal of phosphate and ammonia is of great importance. Chitosan is a copolymer, which can be applied in low-cost adsorption. Thus, in this study, chitosan and activated carbon nanocomposite adsorbents were prepared to remove organic pollutants from the fish farm effluents. Methods: This study was performed at different physicochemical conditions of pH (5-8), effluent dose (25-100 mg/L), and contact time (15-90 min) minutes. Adsorption isotherm studies were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir models, and adsorption kinetics studies. Results: The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for nitrite (R2=0.9076, R2=0.5911), phosphate (R2=0.9307, R2=0.5755), and ammonia (R2=0.7288 and R2=0.7549) were respectively obtained. According to the results, the data of nitrite and phosphate pollutants were more consistent with the Langmuir model, but the data of ammonia pollutants were more consistent with the Freundlich. The best optimal adsorption occurred at a pH=7. Elevation of the initial concentration of the pollutant led to the depletion of the removal functions. With increasing the contact time, adsorption efficiency increased. Conclusion: Finally, with respect to the obtained elimination percentage (R=99.98%), chitosan and activated carbon nanocomposites have a high ability to remove organic pollutants.

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Zhao, Meng, Lei Huang, Samuel Raj Babu Arulmani, Jia Yan, Lirong Wu, Tao Wu, Hongguo Zhang, and Tangfu Xiao. "Adsorption of Different Pollutants by Using Microplastic with Different Influencing Factors and Mechanisms in Wastewater: A Review." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132256.

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The studies on microplastics are significant in the world. According to the literature, microplastics have greatly specific surface areas, indicating high adsorption capacities for highly toxic pollutants in aquatic and soil environments, and these could be used as adsorbents. The influencing factors of microplastic adsorption, classification of microplastics, and adsorption mechanisms using microplastics for adsorbing organic, inorganic, and mixed pollutants are summarized in the paper. Furthermore, the influence of pH, temperature, functional groups, aging, and other factors related to the adsorption performances of plastics are discussed in detail. We found that microplastics have greater advantages in efficient adsorption performance and cost-effectiveness. In this paper, the adsorptions of pollutants by microplastics and their performance is proposed, which provides significant guidance for future research in this field.

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Zango, Zakariyya Uba, Nonni Soraya Sambudi, Khairulazhar Jumbri, Anita Ramli, Noor Hana Hanif Abu Bakar, Bahruddin Saad, Muhammad Nur’ Hafiz Rozaini, Hamza Ahmad Isiyaka, Abubaker Mohammed Osman, and Abdelmoneim Sulieman. "An Overview and Evaluation of Highly Porous Adsorbent Materials for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols Removal from Wastewater." Water 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 2921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102921.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic compounds had been widely recognized as priority organic pollutants in wastewater with toxic effects on both plants and animals. Thus, the remediation of these pollutants has been an active area of research in the field of environmental science and engineering. This review highlighted the advantage of adsorption technology in the removal of PAHs and phenols in wastewater. The literature presented on the applications of various porous carbon materials such as biochar, activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene as potential adsorbents for these pollutants has been critically reviewed and analyzed. Under similar conditions, the use of porous polymers such as Chitosan and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been well presented. The high adsorption capacities of advanced porous materials such as mesoporous silica and metal-organic frameworks have been considered and evaluated. The preference of these materials, higher adsorption efficiencies, mechanism of adsorptions, and possible challenges have been discussed. Recommendations have been proposed for commercialization, pilot, and industrial-scale applications of the studied adsorbents towards persistent organic pollutants (POPs) removal from wastewater.

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El-Reefy, Sohir, Abd El-Hakim Daifullah, and Hamdi Gad. "Adsorption of Typical Organic Pollutants from Wastewater Using Inshas Incinerator Ash." Adsorption Science & Technology 16, no. 2 (March 1998): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749801600203.

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The extent to which the full surface area of Inshas incinerator ash (IIA) is utilized for the adsorption of a solute from aqueous solution in single-component systems and in a two-component system is described. Adsorption isotherms for phenol (P), m-cresol (m-Cr), p-cresol (p-Cr), 4–nitrophenol (4NP) and 2–nitrophenol (2NP) on to IIA have been determined. The data conform to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. For the two-component system of phenol and m-cresol in water, it was clear that the driving force for competitive adsorption was mainly the enthalpy change, ΔH. It was also found that such competitive adsorption generally results in the mutual inhibition of the adsorptive capacity of each solute. The feasibility of using IIA for the removal of the aforementioned pollutants from water is discussed.

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Mousa Al-Zobai, Khalid M., and Ali A. Hassan. "Utilization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Hematite) as Adsorbent for Removal of Organic Pollutants in Refinery Wastewater." Materials Science Forum 1065 (June 30, 2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-i14w2f.

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The increasing of global energy demand leads to the huge amount of wastewaterassociated with refinery processes. Refinery wastewater (RWW) contains significant levels ofcontaminants and are characterized by enormous amounts of refinery effluent. Since the wastes ofrefinery processing is a reason to ecological contaminations, treatment is a vital step for eliminationof these pollutants. This study was designed to determine effect of pH, process time and nano hematitedose in order to eliminate the organics pollutants from the refinery wastewater using adsorptionprocess and MINITAB software. The nano hematite was characterized by Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of adsorption time, nano adsorbentdose, and pH on the elimination of organic pollutants in the RWW was also investigated. The removalefficiency of organic content was 85.1% at pH 6.5, within time of 150 min, and adsorbent dose was0.9 g. The isotherms data of the adsorption process were determined by the Langmuir, Freundlich,and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) models. The latter demonstrated the highest adsorption kinetics,which ended up with a constant rate and higher adsorption capacity. These results indicated thatthe use of nano hematite was highly efficient in the removal of RWW organic pollutants withhigh adsorption capacity as determined by BET model

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Su, Lihao, Ya Wang, Zhongyu Wang, Siyu Zhang, Zijun Xiao, Deming Xia, and Jingwen Chen. "Simulating and Predicting Adsorption of Organic Pollutants onto Black Phosphorus Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 12, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12040590.

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Layered black phosphorus (BP) has exhibited exciting application prospects in diverse fields. Adsorption of organics onto BP may influence environmental behavior and toxicities of both organic pollutants and BP nanomaterials. However, contributions of various intermolecular interactions to the adsorption remain unclear, and values of adsorption parameters such as adsorption energies (Ead) and adsorption equilibrium constants (K) are lacking. Herein, molecular dynamic (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) was adopted to calculate Ead and K values. The calculated Ead and K values for organics adsorbed onto graphene were compared with experimental ones, so as to confirm the reliability of the calculation methods. Polyparameter linear free energy relationship (pp-LFER) models on Ead and logK were developed to estimate contributions of different intermolecular interactions to the adsorption. The adsorption in the gaseous phase was found to be more favorable than in the aqueous phase, as the adsorbates need to overcome cohesive energies of water molecules onto BP. The affinity of the aromatics to BP was comparable to that of graphene. The pp-LFER models performed well for predicting the Ead and K values, with external explained variance ranging from 0.90 to 0.97, and can serve as effective tools to rank adsorption capacities of organics onto BP.

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Pierpaoli, Mattia, Gabriele Fava, and Maria Ruello. "Electroadsorptive Removal of Gaseous Pollutants." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061162.

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Adsorption is a consequence of surface energy distribution, and the existence of electrostatic bonding suggests that the presence of an external electric field may affect adsorbate/adsorbent interactions. Nevertheless, this aspect has been poorly studied in the literature, except under non-thermal plasma or corona discharge conditions. After having demonstrated in our previous work that the adsorption kinetics of gaseous organic compounds can be enhanced by the presence of an external applied electric field, in this study, we focus on the influence of the electric field on adsorbent and adsorptive interactions. By using a commercially available activated carbon cloth, in addition to increasing the adsorbent mass transfer coefficient by virtue of the increasing intensity of the applied electric field, the results suggest that adsorbent morphology is only influenced by the formation of new surface functional groups. Moreover, enhanced adsorption kinetics and capacity may result from the electrohydrodynamic force induced by the movement of charged and neutral particles towards the adsorbent, as confirmed by the reversibility of the process. Such enhancement results in a negligible increase, of about 3%, in adsorption capacity (i.e., from 91 mmol m−2 Pa−1 for only adsorption to 94 mmol m−2 Pa−1 in the presence of the applied electric field), but also in a dramatic doubling of adsorption kinetics (i.e., from 0.09 min−1 for only adsorption to 0.19 min−1 in the presence of the applied electric field). In reality, the application of an electric field to an activated carbon cloth leads to faster adsorption kinetics, without substantially altering its adsorption capacity.

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Somma, Simona, Ernesto Reverchon, and Lucia Baldino. "Water Purification of Classical and Emerging Organic Pollutants: An Extensive Review." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (August 7, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030047.

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The main techniques used for organic pollutant removal from water are adsorption, reductive and oxidative processes, phytoremediation, bioremediation, separation by membranes and liquid–liquid extraction. In this review, strengths and weaknesses of the different purification techniques are discussed, with particular attention to the newest results published in the scientific literature. This study highlighted that adsorption is the most frequently used method for water purification, since it can balance high organic pollutants removal efficiency, it has the possibility to treat a large quantity of water in semi-continuous way and has acceptable costs.

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Naseem, Khalida, Zahoor Hussain Farooqi, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman, and Maida Ghufran. "Microgels as efficient adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from aqueous medium." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 35, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0042.

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AbstractDue to their responsive behavior, high stability, and reusability, microgels have gained importance as adsorbents for the removal of aqueous pollutants such as heavy metals, nitroarenes, organic matter, and toxic dyes. However, there are few challenges that need to be addressed to make microgels as potential adsorbents for the removal of aqueous pollutants. This review article encircles the recent developments in the field of microgel usage as adsorbents for the extraction of aqueous pollutants. Many factors that influence the adsorption of pollutants such as pH, temperature of the medium, agitation time, pollutant concentration, microgel dose, and feed contents of microgels have been discussed in detail. Different adsorption isotherms as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption process have also been enlightened to interpret the insight of the adsorption process. Microgel recovery from the reaction mixture as well as reusability is discussed from the financial point of view. The biodegradability of microgels induced due to the incorporation of specific biomacromolecules is also discussed.

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Ibrahim, Qusai, Leo Creedon, and Salem Gharbia. "A Literature Review of Modelling and Experimental Studies of Water Treatment by Adsorption Processes on Nanomaterials." Membranes 12, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040360.

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A significant growth in the future demand for water resources is expected. Hence researchers have focused on finding new technologies to develop water filtration systems by using experimental and simulation methods. These developments were mainly on membrane-based separation technology, and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants which play an important role in wastewater treatment by means of adsorption technology. In this work, we provide valuable critical review of the latest experimental and simulation methods on wastewater treatment by adsorption on nanomaterials for the removal of pollutants. First, we review the wastewater treatment processes that were carried out using membranes and nanoparticles. These processes are highlighted and discussed in detail according to the rate of pollutant expulsion, the adsorption capacity, and the effect of adsorption on nanoscale surfaces. Then we review the role of the adsorption process in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in wastewater. We summarise the comparison based on decomposition ratios and degradation efficiency of pollutants. Therefore, the present article gives an evidence-based review of the rapid development of experimental and theoretical studies on wastewater treatment by adsorption processes. Lastly, the future direction of adsorption methods on water filtration processes is indicated.

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Fu, Lina, Jing Li, Guoyu Wang, Yaning Luan, and Wei Dai. "Adsorption behavior of organic pollutants on microplastics." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 217 (July 2021): 112207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112207.

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DEBIH, Hadi, Oualid DILMI, and Smail TERCHI. "Organic pollutants adsorption onto granular activated carbon." Revue Roumaine de Chimie 64, no. 10 (2019): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33224/rrch/2019.64.10.09.

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Hang, Chen, Isil Akpinar, Yuxuan Qin, Liping Huang, Liyang Wang, Wenyao Li, and Jianghong Wu. "A Review on Adsorption of Organic Pollutants from Water by UiO-67 and Its Derivatives." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 1861–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.3142.

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With the outstanding features of low cost and simple operation, adsorption is an effective strategy to remove organic pollutants that caused irreversible harm to organisms from water. UiO-67, a kind of stable zirconiumbased MOF material, has been considered as a promising adsorbent with appropriate pore size, superior structure and strong affinity with various organic pollutants. Thus, UiO-67 is a great potential material in effectively removing organic pollutants from water. In this review, the research status of UiO-67 and its derivatives in terms of various modification strategies and adsorption property improvements and mechanisms to different organic pollutants are analyzed and compared.

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Hu, Xiao Long, Ying Ping Huang, Ai Qing Zhang, and Xiao Rong Zhao. "Adsorption of Organic Pollutants by Ferric Oxide Modified Montmorillonite." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.80.

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Ferric oxide modified montmorillonite (Fe2O3@M) was prepared with the method of microwave-assisted ion-exchange and in-situ precipitation, with Fe2O3 nanoparticles intercalated into the interlayer of montmorillonite. Rhodamine B (RhB) was employed as a probe compound to study the adsorption characteristics of organic pollutants with Fe2O3@M as the adsorbent. The effect of pH and adsorbent dosage were investigated and the results showed that the maximum of adsorption capacity for RhB was 58.8 mg g-1. The adsorption capacity of Fe2O3@M for RhB was augmented along with the increase of adsorbent dosage. The Fe2O3 modified montmorillonite exhibits a much better adsorption capacity in an acidic solution than that in an alkaline solution. The adsorption process was well fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively, and the adsorption reaction kinetics complied with a pseudo second-order kinetics model.

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Muntean, Simona Gabriela, Maria Andreea Nistor, Eliza Muntean, Anamaria Todea, Robert Ianoş, and Cornelia Păcurariu. "Removal of Colored Organic Pollutants from Wastewaters by Magnetite/Carbon Nanocomposites: Single and Binary Systems." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6249821.

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This work develops a methodology for selective removal of industrial dyes from wastewaters using adsorption technology based on magnetic adsorbents. The magnetic nanoparticles embedded within a matrix of activated carbon were tested as adsorbents for removal of industrial dyes from aqueous solutions. The effects of four independent variables, solution pH, initial concentration of pollutant, adsorbent dose, contact time, and their interactions on the adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite were investigated in order to optimize the process. The removal efficiency of pollutants depends on solution pH and increases with increasing the carbon content, with initial concentration of the pollutants, the temperature, and the dose of magnetite/carbon nanocomposites. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was fitted to the kinetic data, and adsorption isotherm analysis and thermodynamics were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacities were 223.82 mg g−1 for Nylosan Blue, 114.68 mg g−1 for Chromazurol S, and 286.91 mg g−1 for Basic Red 2. The regeneration and reuse of the sorbent were evaluated in seven adsorption/desorption cycles. The optimum conditions obtained for individual adsorption were selected as starting conditions for simultaneous adsorption of dyes. In binary systems, in normal conditions, selectivity decreases in the order: Red Basic 2 > Nylosan Blue > Chromazurol S.

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24

Chihara, Kazuyuki, Kanji Oomori, Takao Oono, and Yosuke Mochizuki. "Supercritical CO2 regeneration of activated carbon loaded with organic adsorbates." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 7 (April 1, 1997): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0285.

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Supercritical CO2 regeneration is one of the possibilities for spent carbon regeneration loaded with some organics. Here, adsorption equilibrium and adsorption dynamics were evaluated for some typical organic pollutants under some supercritical CO2 conditions. A supercritical CO2 chromatograph packed with activated carbon (F-400, CAL) was used to detect the pulse responses of organics, which were analyzed by moment analysis. Adsorption equilibrium constants of some organics varied with CO2 density and their boiling points. Possibility of regeneration of each substance was discussed. Cost estimation was necessary and was the key point of this technique.

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25

Meng, Zi Lin, Yi He Zhang, Qi An, Feng Zhu Lv, Qian Zhang, and Pan Hu. "Removal of Organic Pollutants in Solution by Bamboo Charcoal." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.554.

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Bamboo charcoal (BC) as an environmentally friendly and low-cost material receives widespread attention. Recently, much attention has been focused on the use of BC as adsorbent to treat wastewater. This paper provides an overview of the adsorption of organic contaminants in solution by using BC. The sorption behaviors of BC with various organic pollutants, and the kinetic model adopted to explain the adsorption rate of organic pollutants from aqueous solution were also reviewed. The adsorption capacity, the isotherm model, and several key factors such as modification, surface area, are discussed in this paper. Possible improvement of BC to treat organic contaminants in aqueous solution is also proposed.

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26

Ma, Chunyan, Fang Li, Caihua Wang, Miao He, Chensi Shen, Wolfgang Sand та Yanbiao Liu. "Tuning the adsorption behaviour of β-structure chitosan by metal binding". Environmental Chemistry 15, № 5 (2018): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en18070.

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Environmental contextChitosan is an abundant natural component of marine life with potential applications as an adsorbant material for pollutants. We investigate the binding behaviour of chitosan, and show that the β-type structure readily chelates metal ions leading to enhanced adsorption of anionic pollutants in the chitosan-metal complex. The results are highly relevant to the removal of anionic organic pollutants from water. AbstractChitosan, which is commonly extracted from squid pens of the Loligo genus, has a β-type structure. Chitosan has potential application to the adsorption of pollutants but has received little study. We investigate the adsorption ability of β-structure chitosan as well as FeIII and AlIII chitosan-metal complexes. Pristine β-chitosan shows lower adsorption abilities for dye, CrVI and fluoride ions compared with those for α-chitosan, mainly owing to having fewer –NH3+ groups on its surface. However, the anionic pollutant adsorption efficiency of β-chitosan is clearly enhanced when chelated with metal ions. A β-structure chitosan-Fe-Al complex displayed adsorption capacities of 621.45 mg g−1 and 144.53 mg g−1 for Acid Red 73 dye and fluoride ions, respectively, according to the fitted Langmuir–Freundlich model; and of more than 173.03 mg g−1 for CrVI, according to the Freundlich model. These values are much higher than those observed for α-structure chitosan-metal complexes. This enhancement effect on the sorptive behaviour of β-chitosan can be attributed to its loose structure. The polymer chains of β-chitosan are arranged in parallel with relatively weak intermolecular forces, which allows them to easily chelate metal ions. Anionic pollutants can then be efficiently adsorbed by the chelated metal ions in the chitosan-metal complex if the electrostatic attraction of the –NH3+ groups is weak. This investigation provides a better understanding of β-chitosan-based adsorbents for application to anionic pollutant adsorption and removal.

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Liang, Siqi, Kangkang Wang, Kefu Wang, Yuli Kou, Tao Wang, Changyan Guo, Wei Wang, and Jide Wang. "Adsorption of Diclofenac Sodium by Aged Degradable and Non-Degradable Microplastics: Environmental Effects, Adsorption Mechanisms." Toxics 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010024.

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Microplastics (MPs) are novel pollutants, which can carry toxic contaminants and are released in biota and accumulate. The adsorption behavior of MPs and aged MPs has attracted extensive attention. In this paper, the aging process of polystyrene (PS) and poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) plastics under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at a high temperature and their adsorption properties for the contaminant diclofenac sodium (DCF) before and after aging was investigated. There are many factors affecting the adsorption capacity of MPs. In this experiment, three aspects of MPs, organic pollutants, and environmental factors are explored. The Freundlich model as well as the pseudosecondary kinetic model is more applicable to the process of DCF adsorption by MPs. The main effects of adsorption of organic pollutants by MPs are electrostatic interactions, hydrogen-halogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. The adsorption capacity of the UV-aged MPs on DCF is significantly enhanced, and the order of adsorption capacity is Q(A-PBAT) (27.65 mg/g) > Q (A-PS) (23.91 mg/g) > Q (PBAT) (9.30 mg/g) > Q (PS) (9.21 mg/g). The results show that more active sites are generated on the surface of MPs after aging, which can enhance their adsorption capacity for organic pollutants. This adsorption mechanism will increase their role as contaminant carriers in the aquatic food chain.

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Isaeva, Vera I., Marina D. Vedenyapina, Alexandra Yu Kurmysheva, Dirk Weichgrebe, Rahul Ramesh Nair, Ngoc Phuong Thanh Nguyen, and Leonid M. Kustov. "Modern Carbon–Based Materials for Adsorptive Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants from Water and Wastewater." Molecules 26, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 6628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216628.

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Currently, a serious threat for living organisms and human life in particular, is water contamination with persistent organic and inorganic pollutants. To date, several techniques have been adopted to remove/treat organics and toxic contaminants. Adsorption is one of the most effective and economical methods for this purpose. Generally, porous materials are considered as appropriate adsorbents for water purification. Conventional adsorbents such as activated carbons have a limited possibility of surface modification (texture and functionality), and their adsorption capacity is difficult to control. Therefore, despite the significant progress achieved in the development of the systems for water remediation, there is still a need for novel adsorptive materials with tunable functional characteristics. This review addresses the new trends in the development of new adsorbent materials. Herein, modern carbon-based materials, such as graphene, oxidized carbon, carbon nanotubes, biomass-derived carbonaceous matrices—biochars as well as their composites with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-derived highly-ordered carbons are considered as advanced adsorbents for removal of hazardous organics from drinking water, process water, and leachate. The review is focused on the preparation and modification of these next-generation carbon-based adsorbents and analysis of their adsorption performance including possible adsorption mechanisms. Simultaneously, some weak points of modern carbon-based adsorbents are analyzed as well as the routes to conquer them. For instance, for removal of large quantities of pollutants, the combination of adsorption and other methods, like sedimentation may be recommended. A number of efficient strategies for further enhancing the adsorption performance of the carbon-based adsorbents, in particular, integrating approaches and further rational functionalization, including composing these adsorbents (of two or even three types) can be recommended. The cost reduction and efficient regeneration must also be in the focus of future research endeavors. The targeted optimization of the discussed carbon-based adsorbents associated with detailed studies of the adsorption process, especially, for multicomponent adsorbate solution, will pave a bright avenue for efficient water remediation.

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29

Pérez-Cid, Benita, Sergio Calvar, Ana Belén Moldes, and Jose Manuel Cruz. "Effective Removal of Cyanide and Heavy Metals from an Industrial Electroplating Stream Using Calcium Alginate Hydrogels." Molecules 25, no. 21 (November 7, 2020): 5183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215183.

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A real electroplating wastewater, containing 51,190 mg/L of free cyanide (CNf), 4899 mg/L of Ni and 1904 mg/L of Cu, was treated with calcium alginate hydrogel beads (CAB), pure or impregnated with biodegraded grape marc (EBGM) or activated carbon (EAC) in order to reduce the elevated load of toxic pollutants below the regulatory limits. It was evaluated the effect of increasing the amount of bioadsorbent as well as the influence of two successive adsorption cycles in the removal efficiency of pollutants. The most favourable sorption conditions onto CAB provided removal percentages of 85.02% for CNf and between 93.40–98.21% for heavy metals regarding the raw wastewater. The adsorption capacity of each pollutant onto CAB was considerably increased during the first 30 min of contact time, but after achieving the equilibrium, the following sorption capacities were obtained: 1177, 107.3, 39.5 and 1.52 mg/g for CNf, Ni, Cu and Zn, respectively. The kinetic adsorption of pollutants onto the CAB was adjusted to different kinetic models, observing that kinetic data agreed with the pseudo-second-order model. The information about intraparticle diffusion mechanisms in the bioadsorption process was also interpreted.

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30

Wang, Jinfeng, Takuya Tsuzuki, Bin Tang, Lu Sun, Xiujuan J. Dai, Gayathri D. Rajmohan, Jingliang Li, and Xungai Wang. "Recyclable Textiles Functionalized with Reduced Graphene Oxide@ZnO for Removal of Oil Spills and Dye Pollutants." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (2014): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13323.

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A novel recyclable and flexible membrane was prepared for the removal of oil spills and organic dye pollutants, by functionalizing polyester textiles with reduced graphene oxide@ZnO nanocomposites using a layer-by-layer technique. The membrane showed efficient water/oil separation, and the amount of oil adsorbed by the membrane could be up to 23 times its own weight. The adsorption capacity was largely retained during many adsorption recycling cycles. The membrane also displayed highly efficient removal of a dye pollutant from water under simulated sunlight. The membrane maintained a near-original removal efficiency after five cycles of dye removal. This new type of membrane may find practical applications in the large-scale separation of organic pollutants from water, particularly in the field of oil spills clean-up and dye removal from industrial effluent.

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31

Wei, Xiaoxuan, Miao Li, Yifei Wang, Lingmin Jin, Guangcai Ma, and Haiying Yu. "Developing Predictive Models for Carrying Ability of Micro-Plastics towards Organic Pollutants." Molecules 24, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091784.

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Microplastics, which have been frequently detected worldwide, are strong adsorbents for organic pollutants and may alter their environmental behavior and toxicity in the environment. To completely state the risk of microplastics and their coexisting organics, the adsorption behavior of microplastics is a critical issue that needs to be clarified. Thus, the microplastic/water partition coefficient (log Kd) of organics was investigated by in silico method here. Five log Kd predictive models were developed for the partition of organics in polyethylene/seawater, polyethylene/freshwater, polyethylene/pure water, polypropylene/seawater, and polystyrene/seawater. The statistical results indicate that the established models have good robustness and predictive ability. Analyzing the descriptors selected by different models finds that hydrophobic interaction is the main adsorption mechanism, and π−π interaction also plays a crucial role for the microplastics containing benzene rings. Hydrogen bond basicity and cavity formation energy of compounds can determine their partition tendency. The distinct crystallinity and aromaticity make different microplastics exhibit disparate adsorption carrying ability. Environmental medium with high salinity can enhance the adsorption of organics and microplastics by increasing their induced dipole effect. The models developed in this study can not only be used to estimate the log Kd values, but also provide some necessary mechanism information for the further risk studies of microplastics.

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32

KAWABATA, Nariyoshi. "Ion Exchange and Related Adsorption of Organic Pollutants." Journal of Ion Exchange 7, no. 1 (1996): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5182/jaie.7.28.

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33

Farkas, A., and I. Dékány. "Interlamellar adsorption of organic pollutants in hydrophobic montmorillonite." Colloid & Polymer Science 279, no. 5 (May 2, 2001): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000442.

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34

Machado, Tiago F., Filipa A. Santos, Rui F. P. Pereira, Verónica de Zea Bermudez, Artur J. M. Valente, M. Elisa Silva Serra та Dina Murtinho. "β-Ketoenamine Covalent Organic Frameworks—Effects of Functionalization on Pollutant Adsorption". Polymers 14, № 15 (29 липня 2022): 3096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153096.

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Water pollution due to global economic activity is one of the greatest environmental concerns, and many efforts are currently being made toward developing materials capable of selectively and efficiently removing pollutants and contaminants. A series of β-ketoenamine covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been synthesized, by reacting 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) with different C2-functionalized and nonfunctionalized diamines, in order to evaluate the influence of wall functionalization and pore size on the adsorption capacity toward dye and heavy metal pollutants. The obtained COFs were characterized by different techniques. The adsorption of methylene blue (MB), which was used as a model for the adsorption of pharmaceuticals and dyes, was initially evaluated. Adsorption studies showed that –NO2 and –SO3H functional groups were favorable for MB adsorption, with TpBd(SO3H)2-COF [100%], prepared between TFP and 4,4′-diamine- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-disulfonic acid, achieving the highest adsorption capacity (166 ± 13 mg g−1). The adsorption of anionic pollutants was less effective and decreased, in general, with the increase in –SO3H and –NO2 group content. The effect of ionic interactions on the COF performance was further assessed by carrying out adsorption experiments involving metal ions. Isotherms showed that nonfunctionalized and functionalized COFs were better described by the Langmuir and Freundlich sorption models, respectively, confirming the influence of functionalization on surface heterogeneity. Sorption kinetics experiments were better adjusted according to a second-order rate equation, confirming the existence of surface chemical interactions in the adsorption process. These results confirm the influence of selective COF functionalization on adsorption processes and the role of functional groups on the adsorption selectivity, thus clearly demonstrating the potential of this new class of materials in the efficient and selective capture and removal of pollutants in aqueous solutions.

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35

Suresh, Selvaraj, S. Ravichandran, Ishan Y. Pandya, S. S. Sreeja Mole, S. R. Boselin Prabhu, and G. K. Prashanth. "Alginate Hydrogel Adsorbents in Adsorption of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants: A Review." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 7 (2022): 1625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23712.

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The present review discusses various alginate hydrogel adsorbents with unique adsorption performance in environmental remediation. Novel alginate composites were developed with, high swelling capacity and capable of adsorbing toxic inorganic and organic pollutants. Alginate hydrogel adsorbents were developed with a single network and double network structure with excellent adsorption ability in removal of toxic inorganic and/or organic pollutants. Alginate with single or double network composite hydrogels were developed when alginate was combined with graphene/chitosan/polymer to get superior adsorbents in removal of toxic pollutants. Acrylic acid/alginate hydrogel in recent studies are efficient in the elimination of inorganic and organic contaminants. This review will generate interest to researchers to develop novel alginate composite hydrogels with unique properties in the adsorption of toxic inorganic, organic contaminants. This work provides a worthy challenge and the future possibility of designing novel alginate materials for various applications.

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36

Mukhtar, Ahmad, Sami Ullah, Abdullah G. Al‐Sehemi, Mohammed A. Assiri, Sidra Saqib, Rabia Amen, Muhammad Babar, Mohamad A. Bustam, and Tausif Ahmad. "Synthesis and Stability of Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) Photocatalysts for the Removal of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) from Wastewater." Current Analytical Chemistry 17, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411016999200507121320.

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Background: The removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from the contaminated water by employing photocatalytic adsorption is considered as one of the most emerging technologies due to its’ cost- and energy-effectiveness. It has attracted significant attention of global researchers to process the world’s wastewater. Methods: Among different adsorbents, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated remarkable potential and a bright future perspective in the photocatalytic-based adsorptive removal of POPs from wastewater. This review deals with the introduction of MOFs and contaminations in wastewater, followed by the synthesis method for MOFs and their properties. The review is extended to the review of mechanisms for the photocatalytic adsorption along with the recent progress in removal of persistent toxic substances, pesticides, herbicides, phenols, and antibiotics. Furthermore, the future challenges in this promising area are also discussed. Results: Much research work has been done in the area of photocatalytic adsorptive removal of the POPs using the MOFs due to their significant structural and texture properties. Substantial research efforts have been carried out to functionalize the MOFs in order to improve their adsorption potential. Overall, this review demonstrated that the MOFs could be applied successfully for the photocatalytic adsorptive removal of the POPs from contaminated water. Conclusion: Despite the bright future perspective of the MOFs, there are some issues that need to be accounted for: The development of MOFs with redox-active metals and/or organic functionalized ligands, MOFs application for the photocatalytic adsorptive removal of the gaseous contaminants, indepth understanding of the mechanism of the photocatalytic adsorptive removal of the POPs, and the application of the MOFs for photocatalytic adsorptive removal of the POPs in real environmental conditions. The fast development of the MOFs in the recent era indicates a bright future perspective in spite of the challenges in this area.

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37

Wang, Yan, Shujing Sun, Guifu Ding, and Hong Wang. "Electrochemical Degradation Characteristics of Refractory Organic Pollutants in Coking Wastewater on Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-Modified Electrode." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/614032.

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The multiwall carbon nanotube-mollified electrode (MWCNT-ME) was fabricated and its electrocatalytic activity of refractory organic pollutants of coking wastewater was investigated. The surface morphology, absorption properties, and the electrochemical behavior of phenol and aniline at the MWCNT-ME were analyzed. Using ultraviolet-visible adsorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) test, the electrochemical oxidation properties of refractory organic pollutants of coking wastewater using the MWCNT-ME and the IrSnSb/Ti electrode were analyzed. Compared with the powder adsorption media, the MWCNT-ME was proved to have weaker adsorption activity, which means electrochemical degradation is the decisive factor of the removal of organic pollutants. The MWCNT-ME shows high electrochemical reactivity with oxidation peaks of 0.18 A and 0.12 A for phenol and aniline, respectively. Under the same working conditions, the MWCNT-ME COD removal rate 51% is higher than IrSnSb/Ti electrode’s rate 35%. The MWCNT-ME has application potential of electrochemical oxidation of refractory organic pollutants of coking wastewater.

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38

Zhong, Yukun, Xueliang Mu, and U. Kei Cheang. "High-performance and selective adsorption of ZIF-8/MIL-100 hybrids towards organic pollutants." Nanoscale Advances 4, no. 5 (2022): 1431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1na00819f.

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39

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Asemi-Empirical Study of the Adsorption of Some Organic Pollutants on Modified Iraqi Clays." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2016): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.2.352-361.

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In this work semi–empirical method (PM3) calculations are carried out by (MOPAC) computational packages have been employed to calculate the molecular orbital's energies for some organic pollutants. The long– chain quaternary ammonium cations called Iraqi Clays (Bentonite – modified) are used to remove these organic pollutants from water, by adding a small cationic surfactant so as to result in floes which are agglomerates of organobentonite to remove organic pollutants. This calculation which suggests the best surface active material, can be used to modify the adsorption efficiency of aniline , phenol, phenol deriviatives, Tri methyl glycine, ester and pecticides , on Iraqi Clay (bentonite) by comparing the theoretical results with experimental results achived in previous experimental studies between some organic pollutants and modified bentonite by (1- Hexadecyl pyridinium bromide) (HDPYBr). The theoretical calculation is made by using three surface active materials [1- (Hexadecyl pyridinium bromide) (HDPYBr), (1,12- Dipyridiniododecane dibromide) (DPYDDBr2) and Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA)]. Using (HDTMA) leads to the best adsorption efficiency for most pollutants involved in this study. The enthalpy of formations, dipole and energy of molecular orbitale HOMO and LUMO energies levels are calculated for all pollutants and the three surface active materials.

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40

Mohamed Ameen, Hiba, Sándor Kunsági-Máté, Péter Noveczky, Lajos Szente, and Beáta Lemli. "Adsorption of Sulfamethazine Drug onto the Modified Derivatives of Carbon Nanotubes at Different pH." Molecules 25, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112489.

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The sulfamethazine drug interaction with carbon nanotubes was investigated with the aim of improving the adsorption capacity of the adsorptive materials. Experiments were performed to clarify how the molecular environment affects the adsorption process. Single-walled carbon nanotubes have a higher removal efficiency of sulfamethazine than pristine or functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Although the presence of cyclodextrin molecules improves the solubility of sulfamethazine, it reduces the adsorption capacity of the carbon nanotube towards the sulfamethazine drug and, therefore, inhibits the removal of these antibiotic pollutants from waters by carbon nanotubes.

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41

Qu, Jia, Qiang Yang, Wei Gong, Meilan Li, and Baoyue Cao. "Simultaneous Removal of Cr(VI) and Phenol from Water Using Silica-di-Block Polymer Hybrids: Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142894.

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Heavy metal ions and organic pollutants often coexist in industrial effluents. In this work, silica-di-block polymer hybrids (SiO2-g-PBA-b-PDMAEMA) with two ratios (SiO2/BA/DMAEMA = 1/50/250 and 1/60/240) were designed and prepared for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol via a surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization process using butyl methacrylate (BA) as a hydrophobic monomer and 2-(Dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA) as a hydrophilic monomer. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and phenol by the hybrids reached 88.25% and 88.17%, respectively. The sample with a larger proportion of hydrophilic PDMAEMA showed better adsorption of Cr(VI), and the sample with a larger proportion of hydrophobic PBA showed better adsorption of phenol. In binary systems, the presence of Cr(VI) inhibited the adsorption of phenol, yet the presence of phenol had a negligible effect on the adsorption of Cr(VI). Kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) and phenol fitted the pseudo-second-order model well. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) and phenol were better described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation, and the adsorption of Cr(VI) and phenol were all spontaneous adsorptions driven by enthalpy. The adsorbent still possessed good adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) and phenol after six adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings show that SiO2-g-PBA-b-PDMAEMA hybrids represent a satisfying adsorption material for the simultaneous removal of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants.

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42

Liu, Yiqun, and Kai Landskron. "Anionic porous organic frameworks as advanced functional adsorbents for CO2 and organic micropollutants in water." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 45 (2017): 23523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta07249j.

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Russo, Analia V., Cesar Velasco Andrade, Laura E. De Angelis, and Silvia E. Jacobo. "Adsorption and catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants using Fe-zeolite." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 4 (December 7, 2017): 939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.611.

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Abstract In this work, a natural zeolite, modified and loaded with iron (NZ-A-Fe) as a heterogeneous catalyst, was characterized for its suitability as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) material for treatment of aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater. Adsorption and oxidation processes were analyzed. Batch adsorption tests for benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) aqueous concentrated solutions were performed at neutral pH. Kinetic adsorption was described with the pseudo-second-order model. Experiments were performed using a stirred batch reactor with near 11 mM initial BTX concentration applying NZ-A-Fe as solid catalyst and H2O2 as an oxidant. BTX removal reached 80% in 600 min in these experimental conditions. Catalytic oxidation was described with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. No significant iron leaching was detected during all the experiences. These investigations show that coupling adsorption with catalytic oxidation with this novel system is a promising procedure to simultaneously remove BTX from moderately concentrated aqueous solution at neutral pH in groundwater.

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44

Silva, Andréa Lopes, Francisco Kegenaldo Alves de Souza, Gelmires Araújo Neves, Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes, Hélio Lucena Lira, and Lisiane Navarro de Lima Santana. "Preparation of Organovermiculite for Adsorption of Organic Compounds." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1451.

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Organically modified clay minerals are widely used as sorbents for hydrophobic organic compounds e.g., organic pollutants treatment from water solutions. Natural clay materials are hydrophilic and therefore they are not efficient sorbents for organic compounds. Intercalations of natural clay materials, with organic cations, with quaternary ammonium groups may become these clays hydrophobic. Vermiculite is the mineralogical name given to hydrated laminar magnesium-aluminum-iron silicate; this natural clay was modified and used for the production of organically modified clay (organovermiculite), with the purpose of its use in removing organic contaminants. The organovermiculite was prepared using different concentrations of distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (praepagen) based on cationic exchange capacity of the clay. It was evident from the X-ray diffraction that the salt was incorporated to the clay structure confirming its organophilization and through the Foster swelling test it was observed the affinity between the organic pollutants and the organovermiculite.

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Zhang, Yunhai, Hao Wang, Ying Li, Yuexiao Shi, Shunlong Pan, Guangze Nie, and Yongjun Zhang. "Simultaneous adsorption of phosphate and diclofenac by Li/Al layered double hydroxides loaded on modified wheat straw." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 7, no. 12 (2021): 2381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ew00578b.

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Chen, Xiaoxin, Jiacheng Lin, Yingjie Su, and Shanshan Tang. "One-Step Carbonization Synthesis of Magnetic Biochar with 3D Network Structure and Its Application in Organic Pollutant Control." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 12579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012579.

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In this study, a magnetic biochar with a unique 3D network structure was synthesized by using a simple and controllable method. In brief, the microbial filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei was used as a template, and Fe3+ was added to the culture process, which resulted in uniform recombination through the bio-assembly property of fungal hyphae. Finally, magnetic biochar (BMFH/Fe3O4) was synthesized by controlling different heating conditions in a high temperature process. The adsorption and Fenton-like catalytic performance of BMFH/Fe3O4 were investigated by using the synthetic dye malachite green (MG) and the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) as organic pollutant models. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of BMFH/Fe3O4 for MG and TH was 158.2 and 171.26 mg/g, respectively, which was higher than that of most biochar adsorbents, and the Fenton-like catalytic degradation effect of organic pollutants was also better than that of most catalysts. This study provides a magnetic biochar with excellent performance, but more importantly, the method used can be effective in further improving the performance of biochar for better control of organic pollutants.

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Ning, Kejia, Junfeng Wang, Hongxiang Xu, Xianfeng Sun, Gen Huang, Guowei Liu, and Lingmei Zhou. "Effects and mechanistic aspects of absorbing organic compounds by coking coal." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 9 (June 12, 2017): 2280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.319.

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Abstract Coal is a porous medium and natural absorbent. It can be used for its original purpose after adsorbing organic compounds, its value does not reduce and the pollutants are recycled, and then through systemic circulation of coking wastewater zero emissions can be achieved. Thus, a novel method of industrial organic wastewater treatment using adsorption on coal is introduced. Coking coal was used as an adsorbent in batch adsorption experiments. The quinoline, indole, pyridine and phenol removal efficiencies of coal adsorption were investigated. In addition, several operating parameters which impact removal efficiency such as coking coal consumption, oscillation contact time, initial concentration and pH value were also investigated. The coking coal exhibited properties well-suited for organics' adsorption. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms as well as Temkin and Redlich–Peterson (R-P) models. The Freundlich isotherm model provided reasonable models of the adsorption process. Furthermore, the purification mechanism of organic compounds' adsorption on coking coal was analysed.

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Riaz, Nadia, Mohammad Azmi Bustam, Chong Fai Kait, Zakaria B. Man, Muhammad Saqib Khan, Mohd Shariff Azmi, Biruh Shimekit, Sami Ullah, and Ali E. I. Elkhalifah. "Adsorption of Azo Dye Orange II by Supported TiO₂: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.770.

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The supported TiO2 photocatalyst has been reported for the photodegradation of different organic pollutants. These supported TiO2 photocatalysts include metal and non metal doped TiO2 photocatalysts. The photodegradation can be explained in terms of adsorption. The adsorption of the dye is an significant and obvious parameter in the photodegradation process. The photodegradation is directly related to the adsorbed quantities of the pollutant onto the surface of adsorbant. Adsorption of Orange II, an azo dye has been reported using different adsorbents like fly ash, activated carbon and porous titanium dioxide. This review presents a comparison of maximum adsorption capacities (Qm; mg.g–1) and Langmuir adsorption constant (Kads; L.mg–1) for the adsorbents reported in previous studies.

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Safri, Anam, Ashleigh Jane Fletcher, Ramsha Safri, and Hifza Rasheed. "Integrated Adsorption–Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants by Carbon Xerogel/Titania Composites." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 8483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238483.

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Recent studies on the removal of pollutants via adsorption include the use of carbon-based adsorbents, due to their high porosity and large surface area; however, such materials lack photoactive properties. This study evaluates the synergistic effect of integrated mesoporous carbon xerogel (derived from resorcinol formaldehyde) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for combined adsorption and photodegradation application. The complex formed between carbon xerogel and TiO2 phase was investigated through FTIR, proving the presence of a Ti-O–C chemical linkage. The physicochemical properties of the synthesised adsorbent–photocatalyst were probed using FESEM, BET analysis and UV–Vis analysis. The kinetics, equilibrium adsorption, effect of pH, and effect of adsorbent dosage were investigated. The expansion of the absorbance range to the visible range was verified, and the corresponding band gap evaluated. These properties enabled a visible light response when the system was exposed to visible light post adsorption. Hence, an assistive adsorption–photodegradation phenomenon was successfully executed. The adsorption performance exhibited 85% dye degradation which improved to 99% following photodegradation. Further experiments showed the reduction of microorganisms under visible light, where no microbial colonies were observed after treatment, indicating the potential application of these composite materials.

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Perelomov, Leonid, Saglara Mandzhieva, Tatiana Minkina, Yury Atroshchenko, Irina Perelomova, Tatiana Bauer, David Pinsky, and Anatoly Barakhov. "The Synthesis of Organoclays Based on Clay Minerals with Different Structural Expansion Capacities." Minerals 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070707.

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An important goal in environmental research for industrial activity and sites is the investigation and development of effective adsorbents for chemical pollutants that are widespread, inexpensive, unharmful to the environment, and have the required adsorption selectivity. Organoclays are adsorption materials that can be obtained by modifying clays and clay minerals with various organic compounds through intercalation and surface grafting. Organoclays have important practical applications as adsorbents of a wide range of organic pollutants and some inorganic contaminants. The traditional raw materials for the synthesis of organoclays are phyllosilicates with the expanding structural cell of the smectite group, such as montmorillonite. Moreover, other phyllosilicates and inosilicates are used to synthesize organoclay to a limited extent. The purpose of this review was to analyze the possibility of using minerals of other groups with different abilities to expand the structure and structural charge for the adsorption of chemical environmental pollutants. The structural characteristics of various groups of phyllosilicates and chain minerals that affect their ability to modify organic surfactants and the adsorption properties of prepared organoclays were reviewed.

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