Дисертації з теми "Adsorption de polluants organiques"
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Manole, Creanga Carmen Delmas Henri Hopulele Traian. "Procédé AD-OX d'élimination de polluants organiques non biodégradables par adsorption puis oxydation catalytique /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000561.
Повний текст джерелаObeid, Layaly. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux magnétiques pour l'adsorption de polluants présents dans les eaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066285/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is the development and characterization of multifunctional materials called magsorbents that could be integrated in a water-treatment process to improve current methods or to develop new methods. These materials are millimetric beads with a polymer matrix in which are encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles of maghemite; in order to develop an environment-friendly product, biopolymers such alginate and chitosan were selected for the matrix. Our materials possess adsorbing properties allowing the extraction of organic pollutants from water. The originality of these materials lies in their magnetic properties that could be exploited for their magnetic separation from the treated medium. The adsorption characteristics of the magnetics beads were assessed by using two dyes: methyl orange (negatively charged) and methylene blue (positively charged). We showed that alginate beads are efficient for the removal of positively charged pollutants while chitosan beads adsorb preferentially negatively charged pollutants. p-nitrophenol is weakly adsorbed by both, alginate and chitosan beads. To overcome this problem, two solutions have been proposed in order to increase the beads hydrophobicity. The first one is adding a cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride, into alginate beads. The second solution is to encapsulate pillared clay into alginate beads. Both solutions show their efficiency in improving p-nitrophenol adsorption by alginate beads
Manole, Creanga Carmen. "Procédé AD-OX d'élimination de polluants organiques non biodégradables : par adsorption puis oxydation catalytique." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000561/.
Повний текст джерелаTo evaluate a new sequential adsorption–oxidation (AD-OX) process on activated carbon for the remediation of poorly biodegradable water pollutants (phenol and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA), pure or mixed), the two steps were investigated separately. Adsorption isotherms at room temperature and 150°C, on fresh activated carbon, and on aged carbon after catalytic oxidation were determined. Mixtures of the pollutants were also tested showing a much stronger adsorption of 4HBA. The oxidation step was first studied in a semi-batch mode. Kinetic laws were obtained by optimising a model including diffusion and variations of adsorbed reactant amounts. Then the oxidation was performed in a fixed bed reactor, in both up- and down-flow of gas and liquid, in various operating conditions (oxygen pressure and liquid flow rate). The developed model included water vaporisation, heat and mass transfers. Finally the feasability of the AD-OX process was demonstrated
Bouaziz, Karime Ines. "Traitement de solutions organiques diluées par couplage adsorption-oxydation électrochimique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2617/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is the treatment of organic pollutants discharged in wastewater at low concentrations using the coupling adsorption-electrochemical oxidation. The compounds chosen as model are phenol and methylene blue. The aim is to separate pollutants by adsorption, three adsorbants were studied: activated carbon, graphite felt (Nyex(r)) and sawdust and to regenerate adsorbant by desorption while oxidizing electrochemically the organic compound. The results show that sawdust is the only one totally regenerated by polarization. Furthermore, the treatment by polarization leads to the activation of the sawdust adsorption properties (increase by a factor of 4) due to the electrochemical reduction of the chemical function of the lignin. All the results highlight that the coupling adsorption-electro-oxidation is promising for the treatment of diluted solutions
Yonli, Arsène Hampougouni. "Caractérisation et ajustement de l'hydrophobicité de divers solides poreux : application à l'élimination de polluants organiques." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2353.
Повний текст джерелаHydrophobic silica and zeolites found numerous applications in separation technologies. They are going to replace activated carbon because of their interesting regeneration properties. Their adsorptive properties are linked to their Hydrophobicity index defined by Weitkamp. Many parameters play a key role in the values of Hydrophobicity indexes. In the case of zeolites, parameters such as the partial pressure of sorbates, their acidity, their crystallite sizes, the presence of structural defects and EFAl species in the structure. . . Determine the strength of the hydrophobic character. In the case of mesoporous silica, the silylation level is the main parameter determining the hydrophobic character. Phenol removal in aqueous solutions is efficient on hydrophobic zeolites and silylated silica. Chlorobenzene removal is efficient on the most acidic supports. This removal is improved on silylated mesoporous silicas
Elmanfe, Galal. "Coadsorption de polluants organiques et de métaux lourds : analyse fondamentale d'un mécanisme de physisorption." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2013.
Повний текст джерелаThis study was aimed at evidencing the role of non-reactive interactions between ions and organic molecules in the primary adsorption mechanism, constituted by physi-sorption. The chosen conditions allow one, however, to roughly simulate some environniental situations where silica suspensions, e. G. Grains of sand, can exchange adsorbed pollutants with interstitial waters in sous or within a water sheet. Experiments were made on silica suspensions with, at first, lead nitrate and carbofuran solutions, then lead nitrate and naphthalene solutions and finally naphthalene and carbofuransolutions. One should note that the adsorption of one of the components is usually favoured by the presence of the other one and conversely. However, the water lying at the silica surface leads to non-straightforward effects: organic molecules have a far much lower affinity with this interface than with the water/air interface. Addition of a second organic molecule, i. E. Carbofuran, to the lead nitrate-naphthalene mixture apparently induced no drastic change in the position or richness of the naphthalene layer; on the other hand, carbofuran adsorption was greater than previously, and ionic adsorption was strongly enhanced. A rough application of the fundamental ideas developed in the Wagner-Onsager-Samaras model to these interfaces showed that electrostatic effects are responsible for this greater ionic adsorption and suggested that the structure of the inner organic double layer plays a major role in this result
Krou, N’guessan Joachim. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'un procédé séquentiel AD-OX d'élimination de polluants organiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aims to design, implement and model a small fixed bed reactor so that to perform a large number of consecutive Adsorption- Xidation cycles over Activated Carbon (AC) for water treatment. The evolution of the adsorption capacity of various activated carbons (commercial and issued from sewage sludges) is investigated during the cycles treating different wastewaters: model (phenol), dye (tartrazine) and industrial effluent. The measurement of the adsorption and oxidation performances has allowed to precise the features of the AD-OX process. The activated carbon has lost most of its adsorption capacity (80%) after the first oxidative regeneration. This conclusion can be drawn for all experiments (with very different activated carbons and also different pollutants): the adsorptive and catalytic properties of the carbons are very much reduced during the first oxidation, but then remain rather stable over the subsequent cycles. Physico-chemical characterisation of fresh and aged activated carbons helps to better understand this phenomenon: BET surface area, porosity, thermogravimetry analysis, global chemical composition (CHNSO, EDX, ICP/AES), surface functional groups, pH at the point of zero charge ... The loss of adsorption capacity seems mainly to result from the chemisorption of oligomers, poorly oxidized and that significantly reduce the microporosity. To better interpret these experiments, numerical simulations are also described in this study. Breakthrough curves of phenol adsorption have been simulated first for fresh commercial activated carbon, showing the dominating role of surface diffusion, then for aged carbon. Finally, a model has been developed to describe the batch catalytic oxidation step when AC activity is stabilized, that fits the experimental data satisfactorily without any parameter adjustment
Baïs, Nelsie. "Etude du post-traitement des fumées d'incinérateur : élimination de polluants organiques persistants sur des matériaux carbonés adsorbants à température élevée." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10101.
Повний текст джерелаCathalifaud, Geneviève. "Elimination de la matière organique lors de la coagulation-floculation par Al(III) en présence de charbon actif." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2312.
Повний текст джерелаBordas, François. "Remobilisation de micro-polluants métalliques à partir de sédiments de rivière naturellement pollués en présence de complexants organiques synthétiques." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2268.
Повний текст джерелаBayard, Rémy. "Etude de l'adsorption/désorption de polluants organiques dans les sols : Approche méthodologique et application au pentachlorophénol et aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0025.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough in situ bioremediation technologies are extremely attractive for the treatment of polluted soil, their application is not easy due to the difficulty to predict their efficiency from laboratory. Among other factors, their efficiency depends on the abiotic interactions between organic pollutants and soils which are the subject of this work. Methodological aspects have been examined for the description of adsorption phenomena of hydrophobiec organic pollutants. Three pollutants (pentachlorophenol, naphtalene and phenanthrene) and several soil fractions and model soils have been selected. The study has been conducted in three steps: - Batch studies to describe the sorption equilibrium and investigate the kinetics. This work has been completed by the study of the effect of organic pollutants present in different forms. - Evaluation of the localization of adsorbed organic pollutants in the soil using C02 supercritical extraction, - Studies of naphtalene adsorption studies in water saturated soil columns and evaluation of the influence of the coal tar on naphtalene retention. The results confirm that the adsorption of hydrophobic pollutant essentially takes place on soil organic matter. The adsorption can be described using a double sites model, considering the sites repartition between the external surface of soil micro aggregates (with instantaneous adsorption) and the internal compartment inside de micro aggregates (with rate limited adsorption). The site distribution depends on the nature of the soil organic matter
Rassinoux-Trouvé, Adeline. "Ajustement de l'hydrophobicité de silices mésoporeuses organisées pour l'adsorption sélective de polluants organiques en présence d'eau." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2321.
Повний текст джерелаActivated carbons and hydrophobic microporous zeolites are usually used for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater. An extended BET surface and a relevant pore volume both confer high sorption capacities to organised silica materials. Moreover, these solids exhibite a low water-adsorbent interaction at low P/P0 giving them an hydrophobic character. However, the presence of silanol groups limits the adsorption of organic molecules in aqueous phase. In order to significantly increase the mesoporous silica hydrophobicity, various modifications during synthesis (phenyl groups incorporation) or post-synthesis (grafting of trimethylsilyl, aminopropyl and mecaptopropyl groups) were considered. The grafting of trimethylsilyl groups and phenyl groups incorporation can therefore considerably reduce the hydrophilicity of these solids by reducing the number of silanol groups. In the case of gas adsorption, hydrophobicity proved to be a positive key factor. In aqueous phase, the non-polar organic pollutants adsorption also requires hydrophobic silica. For polar molecules, the grafting of polar groups (amino or sulfonic) increases the pollutant adsorption capacities
Conrad, Arnaud. "Accumulation de molécules organiques modèles par des agrégats biologiques de type boues activées." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0259_CONRAD.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMeroufel, Bahia. "Adsorption des polluants organiques et inorganiques sur des substances naturelles : Kaolin, racines de Calotropis procera et noyaux de dattes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0289/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe first aim of the studies presented in this thesis is to characterize a kaolin clay deposit in south-western Algerian region which has never been exploited, to improve the surface properties of the clay due to changes made by coating with an amino silane (APTES) or cationic exchange with a surfactant (CTAB), which allowed us to develop the active sites on the surface of this material. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, TGA, FTIR and SEM. Two other vegetable materials of great abundance in the southwest Algerian who are the roots of the plant Calotropis Procera and Feggous date stones are also characterized. The second aim of this study is the application of these materials in removing different kinds of pollutants in aqueous solutions: heavy metals (Zn (II) and Mn (II)) and anionic and cationic synthetic dyes (Congo red and Purple gentian) to the effectiveness demonstration of the clay and vegetable materials to adsorb these pollutants. The study of adsorption is to discuss the effects of contact time, pH and initial concentration of the solute using a batch adsorption technique. The effect of temperature has achieved a thermodynamic study to define the nature of adsorption phenomena. In addition, different kinetic models (first and second order) and adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) are used to assess the ability of clay materials (K08, KC and KS) and vegetable materials (CP and ND) to adsorb such organic and inorganic pollutants. The natural clay (K08) showed good affinity towards all pollutants with remarkable adsorption capacity, this capacity has evolved considerably by modifications. The modified kaolin (KS) proves the best adsorbent for these types of pollutants (heavy metals and synthetic dyes). The roots of CP have a very good affinity for heavy metals, while the date stones give more remarkable results for biosorption dyes
Lalanne, Franck. "Etude des potentialités du lavage biologique pour le traitement d'un mélange complexe de composés organiques volatils." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3018.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work is to study the potential of a semi-industrial pilot bioscrubber for the treatment of a complex mixture of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). Its originality lies in the complexity of the treated mixture, which contains eleven pollutants of various chemical nature (esters, ketones, alcohol, aromatic and chlorinated compounds). Initially, the pilot unit was equipped with a packed column. The tests showed that, in terms of elimination of the compounds, there is an improvement of the abatement of poorly soluble componunds when they are mixed with hydrophilic compounds. In terms of microflore adaptation, it was shown that the elimination of VOC's by micro-organisms would be induced by the accumulation of these compounds in the aqueous phase. Attaining of a value threshold (70-80 mg/l water) would be necessary to start the biological breakdown of these compounds. In the stationary state, the compounds transferred in the aqueous phase are eliminated by the microflore. The scrubbing liquid is consequently regenerated before its return at the head of column and the percentage of abatement is thus comparable to the percentage of elimination of the compounds. Moreover, the disturbance generated by the increase of the pollutant load is transitory, because a new stationary state emerged. Nevertheless, it was possible to approximate the operational limits of the system: the liquid/gas mass transfer of the hydrophobic compounds and the clogging of the column after twenty weeks of use. To overcome these problems, the packed column was replaced by a spraying column. The results showed that the percentages of elimination were the same. The use of the spraying column freed the system from the clogging. However, the operational limit of the pilot unit remains the liquid/gas mass transfer of the hydrophobic compounds. To optimize this transfer, a second dispersed liquid phase was used. Preliminary tests were carried out on an absorption assembly. An improvement of the transfer in the liquid phase for the aromatic compounds was shown. The transposition on the semi-industrial pilot demonstrated a clear improvement of the percentages of abatement of these compounds
El, Azzi Désirée. "Transfert de polluants organiques et inorganiques dans les hydrosystèmes en période de crue : interactions avec les matières en suspension et la matière organique." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1885/.
Повний текст джерелаThe mechanisms involved in the transfer of organic and inorganic pollutants to streams in agricultural watersheds are largely studied. However, few studies concern storm events responsible for the transportation of large quantities of pollutants to the outlet and they rarely take into account a multi-pollution dynamic. A heavy monitoring was therefore conducted during the storm event of May 2010 at the outlet of the Save river (1110 Km2) in the south west of France. The majority of pollutants and their controlling factors (dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) and suspended particulate matter (SPM)) are more concentrated during storm flow than base flow and their concentration increases with stream water discharge. Pollutants are also more concentrated during these events. Hydrograph separations showed that pollutants are primarily transported in the surface runoff adsorbed onto SPM when they have a low solubility (hydrophobic) and in the subsurface runoff linked to DOC when they are soluble. Different kinds of chemical bonds can exist between pollutants and the different SPM fractions (organic matter, clay and oxides). In order to investigate these bonds, we studied in particular Cu dynamic in the small wine growing catchment of Baillaury (18. 2 Km2), close to Banyuls sur Mer (Eastern Pyrénées), within the framework of the CRUMED project (EC2CO-INSU/CNRS). This Mediterranean type-flow regime stream is mostly cultivated with vineyards and has been treated with Bordeaux mixture for centuries. Moderate to significant enrichments of soils at different depth, river bottom sediments and suspended matters were revealed. Anthropogenic contribution to this enrichment is estimated between 50 and 85 % in all samples showing that the Cu present in the river is mainly due to agricultural practices. Sequential chemical extractions SCE) allow us to determine Cu distribution in the different residual and non-residual fractions (exchangeable, acido-soluble, Mn and Fe oxides, organic matter), showing that anthropogenic Cu is mainly adsorbed onto iron oxides. The isotopic Cu composition measured in each fraction shows that Cu transported in solution and adsorbed onto organic matter seems to be associated without any fractioning. Gross samples have signatures similar to the bedrock and so studying the detailed SCE fractions is essential. Combining SCE and isotopic signatures is a powerful tool to understand Cu distribution and transfer in the environment. However, in the environment, a pollutant is rarely alone and other pollutants can influence its fate. Therefore, in order to investigate the influence of the presence of other pollutants on a pollutant's adsorption, organic (two pesticides: alachlore and aclonifen) and inorganic (two heavy metals: Cu and Cd) pollutants adsorption on natural SPM (collected in the Save river during the flood) were studied. Most studied pollutants were influenced by the presence of one or more other pollutants in the water, trace metals to a lesser extent than pesticides. The order of presence in the water also influences the adsorption rate of the pollutant onto SPM. The mutual influence can be due to competition for the same adsorption sites or to the creation of complexes between pollutants. These complexes can modify the adsorption capacities of each pollutant. These original results obtained in this work open up new perspectives and requests
Marcic, Christophe. "Evaluation du transfert des polluants organostatiques dans le système sol-plante à partir de l'épandage de boue de station d'épuration." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3027.
Повний текст джерелаCosseron, Anne-Flore. "Evaluation et traitement des polluants émis par un moteur thermique fonctionnant avec des biocarburants." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860233.
Повний текст джерелаMontargès-Pelletier, Emmanuelle. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'argiles intercalées par des espèces métalliques et organiques : application à l'adsorption de polluants en phase aqueuse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL085N.
Повний текст джерелаGuedidi, Hanen. "Préparation et modification de carbones activés pour l'adsorption de polluants organiques émergents : molécules pharmaceutiques et liquides ioniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA003/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, two activated carbons (granular AC and fabric T0) were modified either by chemical treatment (H2O2, NaOCl and thermal treatment under N2) or by ultrasonic irradiation at 20 kHz or 500 kHz in different solvents (UHQ water, H2O2 and HCOOH). The raw and modified materials were characterized by different methods. We studied the ibuprofen (IBP) adsorption at different pH and temperatures. The adsorption of IBP by (AC or T0) was an endothermic process at pH 3. Oxidation with NaOCl creates phenol groups that led to a decrease of the adsorption uptake while oxidation by H2O2 increases the carbonyl group content and carboxyl that induce an increase in the adsorption of IBP. The ultrasonic treatment of AC increases the adsorption capacity of ibuprofen in comparison with the raw AC. The adsorption of the two ionic liquids (LI1 : the 4(tert-butyl)-1propylpyridinium bromide and LI2 : 4(tert-butyl)-1(2-carboxy-ethyl)pyridinium bromide ) onto T0 was found much faster than the adsorption kinetic of IBP at pH 7.5. The competitive adsorption of mixture of IBP and the two ionic liquids showed that IBP is the most adsorbed by T0
Dagnino, Sonia. "Caractérisation de perturbateurs endocriniens au cours du traitement des eaux usées à l'aide d'outils bioanalytiques." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON13521.
Повний текст джерелаEndocrine disruptors (EDs) are substances capable of disrupting the normal functioning of the endocrine system. These substances are of natural or synthetic origin, they come from the human activity, urban and industrial waste. Urban discharges converge to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The environmental contamination by EDs is dependent of the WWTP capacity of treatment of such pollutants, wastewater is therefore considered a source of EDs that has to be controlled. The aim of this work was to characterize the fate of EDs in wastewater treatment. EDs were measured with bioluminescent cell based bioassays which allow the detection of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and Pregnane X Receptor (PXR)’s ligands. Monitoring of ER and AhR activities in different waste water treatment showed that stabilization ponds are more efficient than activated sludge and trickling filter for the elimination of such pollutants. The activities carried by suspended solids are only partially eliminated by the treatment process. The removal of the activities in the particulate phase is only due to elimination of suspended solids. In order to characterize the observed activities and to guide future chemical analysis we created various bioanalytical tools. Among them, methods for the concentration and purification of PXR ligands using immobilized receptor on sépharose-nickel phase. This method allowed us to determine the presence of common ER, AhR and PXR ligands in a sediment sample and in wastewater sludges
Mahjoub, Olfa. "Caractérisation de micropolluants organiques dans les eaux usées traitées et diagnostic du transfert vers le sol et la nappe : Cas de la région de Oued Souhil, Nabeul, Tunisie." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON13518.
Повний текст джерелаOccurrence of trace organic micropollutants (OMP) in reused treated wastewater (TWW) may eventually contaminate the environment. Few studies were carried out on soil and groundwater contamination. In our study, we have characterized OMP in TWW reused in an irrigated area and an artificial recharge site, and in soil and groundwater. Resorting to analytical and bioanalytical tools has demonstrated that TWW reused for irrigation of two irrigated areas contains compound likely to bind to estrogen (ER), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and Pregnane X (PXR) receptors. Investigated compounds found in irrigation water and soils were alkylphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ER and AhR activities detected on infiltration basin soils indicated recent load of their ligands by TWW. Nevertheless, they do not seem to be persistent. During the irrigated area soil monitoring, slight increasing AhR activities were registered indicating likely load of ligands by TWW. Estrogenic activities were detected only 4 months after irrigation start. In groundwater, detected ER activities indicate occurrence of their ligands brought probably by spread TWW (recharge and irrigation). Carbamazepine, a pharmaceutical suggested as TWW contamination tracer, was detected in irrigation water. As an indicator of OMP transfer, registered concentrations in groundwater were about 10 fold lower
Gineys, Mickael. "Régénération électrochimique de carbones nanoporeux utilisés pour le piégeage de micropolluants." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2020.
Повний текст джерелаDue to their developed porosity, the activated carbons are efficient for the removal of organic micropollutants at trace concentration. They find an important place in wastewater treatment for water decontamination. Nevertheless, the adsorption of these compounds leads to the adsorbent saturation and therefore makes the process irreversible. We have developed an electrochemical process which is able to operate to the in situ adsorbent regeneration. The process applicability was assessed on a wide range of micropollutants, found in the treated effluents. These molecules are adsorbed in the ultramicropores through π-π interactions. The electrochemical regeneration of the loaded adsorbent is performed by applying a polarization, which generates an electrically charged carbon surface and induced an electrostatic field between the two electrodes. The electrochemical decomposition of the electrolyte inside the porosity, leads to local pH effects which are responsible of the dissociation of the adsorbed molecule. The desorption under polarization implies electrostatic repulsions between the polarized carbon surface and the dissociated pollutant. This regeneration process can be broadened to numerous micropollutants and shows an efficiency which depends on the adsorbat nature. We have shown that the desorption of small pollutants which are easily ionisable and soluble is promoted. High desorption levels until 80 % after four desorption cycle are indeed reported. A part of the adsorbed molecules is trapped irreversibly either because they are blocked in the ultramicropores or due to the micropollutant adsorption at high energy sites and/or through specific strong interactions. For example, the porosity obstruction caused by a voluminous molecule leads to the decrease of the regeneration efficiency along the cycles repetition
El, Ghzaoui Abdeslam. "Evaluation de la contamination minérale et organique ; application au lavage d'une surface polymérique." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20224.
Повний текст джерелаBonvalot, Lise. "Etudes préalables à l'adsorption en phase gazeuse dynamique de dioxines sur une zéolithe pour la mesure à l'émission." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4714/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe waste incineration leads to the formation of dioxins. These compounds are known to be toxic, even carcinogenic. Therefore, the emitted amounts have to be monitored.This work is part of a comprehensive study of a device for the online analysis of dioxins by means of a pre-concentrator using selective adsorption of toxic congener upon zeolites, allowing thermal desorption and a mass spectrometer.At first, the stakes are exposed. Then a study of flow in porous media aims to determine the best shape of zeolites to promote dynamic gas-phase adsorption. Then the establishment and characterization of a system for gas phase dioxins generation are detailed. This source is adjustable both in concentration and flow, allowing laboratory adsorption studies.The first gas phase adsorption tests show, in agreement with the predictions of the first study, the importance of a regular-shaped adsorbent with small particle sizes. The analysis by thermal desorption of dioxins trapped on grains FAU [NaX] is carried out in a few hours.The ease of use of zeolites in sampling train as adsorbent and their analysis according to EN 1948 standards has been proved during two campaigns at a waste incinerator facility
Bullot, Laetitia. "Elaboration de matériaux poreux et étude de leurs propriétés d'adsorption de dioxines/furanes." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9535/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental and human health protection is a scientific and ethical concern. Dioxin/furan compounds, produced from waste incineration process among other, are ones of the most dangerous pollutants due to their stability and ability to bio-accumulate. Polychlorobenzenes are often referred as model molecules of these compounds and will be used as it in this PhD work. Thanks to their microporous organized structures which confer to them remarkable adsorption capacities, zeolites and Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are interesting materials to trap these organic pollutants. Their shaping as beads for example offer the advantage to overcome problems such as clogging or excessive pressure losses that can appear for an industrial application. Therefore, the aim of this PhD is to prepare and characterize zeolite and MOF, to shape them and to study their adsorption properties for polychlorobenzenes/dioxins/furans. All zeolites and MOFs have been selected and prepared in order to optimize their structural, textural and morphological characteristics for the intended application. A study on the shaping of the FAU-type zeolite has allowed the development of beads with good mechanical and adsorption properties. The different polychlorobenzenes/dioxins/furans adsorption tests into gas and liquid phases allowed identifying the best solids for the selective adsorption of these pollutants in waste incineration plant emissions
Diboune, Mathieu. "Elaboration de peintures zéolithiques pour la décontamination moléculaire en orbite." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Повний текст джерелаThe phenomenon of on-orbit molecular contamination is one of the major issues encountered by the space industry. Indeed, when satellites are placed in orbit, organic molecules contained in coatings, adhesives or glues used in the conception of satellites can degas and thus form films or droplets by depositing themselves on sensitive surfaces such as optical and electronic instruments or thermal control surfaces. This contamination leads to a drastic decrease of on-board equipment performance. Hydrocarbons as well as plasticizers have been identified as major contaminants. Among several porous materials tested for the adsorption of these organic pollutants, zeolites were found to be the most efficient due to their ability to trap organic molecules at a very low concentration in space conditions. The synthesis of zeolites generally leads to powders that would themselves be a source of particulate contamination, therefore a shaping of these zeolites appears to be necessary. Pellets, beads and zeolite films were developed in previous projects, but these processes have some disadvantages such as the addition of additional equipment to insert pellets into the structure of satellites, poor mechanical properties of beads or the small quantity of zeolite involved in the case of films and the difficulty of applying them to large surfaces. That is why, zeolite coatings were selected because they can be applied directly to the internal surface of satellites. The main goal of this project is to develop zeolite coatings that adhere to the surface elements of satellites, that are mechanically stable (shocks and vibrations undergone by satellites, temperature gradients) and that can trap organic pollutants. FAU-type (hydrophilic) and MFI-type (hydrophobic)zeolites were used in combination with silicone resins as binders in order to develop zeolite coatings that can that can fulfill spatial requirements. These zeolite coatings showed good adhesion properties (adhesion note of 0 according the ISO 2409 standard) as well as good mechanical and thermal stability under conditions encountered in orbit. Zeolite coatings porosity remain mostly accessible despite the use of a binder and good n-hexane adsorption capacities were obtained. Different quantities of black pigment (bone char or carbon black) were also added to some zeolite coatings to develop black zeolite coatings with the aim of absorbing light in order to respond to another phenomenon responsible of optial equipment contamination: stray light
Ozcan, Ali. "DEGRADATION DES POLLUANTS ORGANIQUES PAR LA TECHNOLOGIE ELECTRO-FENTON." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742451.
Повний текст джерелаLashermes, Gwenaëlle. "Évolution des polluants organiques au cours du compostage de déchets organiques : approche expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00546943.
Повний текст джерелаPéan, Samuel. "Effets des polluants organiques persistants sur le comportement des poissons." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818410.
Повний текст джерелаMarie-Rose, Stéphane Charlery. "Utilisation des zéolithes comme filtre catalytique des polluants organiques persistants." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2331.
Повний текст джерелаThis study deals with the catalytic oxidation of 1-methylnaphtalene (1. MN) a modele molecule of polycyclics aromatics hydrocarbons (PAHs) over USHY faujasite zeolite doped or not with platinium. The aim of this study was the use of the USHY zeolite as catalytic filter for the destruction of persistant organic pollutants (POPs) fromm incineration processes. In a first time we evaluated the potential of the USHY zeolite for the destruction of 1-MN alone into carbon dioxide and water, then in the presence of 1. 2-dichlorobenzene, a precursor of dioxin and finally in the presence of a complex mixture of HCI, NO, SO2 and NH3
Legay, Cécile. "Ozonation catalytique des polluants organiques pour le traitement de l'eau." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT100G.
Повний текст джерелаRobinet, Laurianne. "Le rôle des polluants organiques dans l'altération des verres sodiques historiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00088408.
Повний текст джерелаLeblanc, Alix. "Effets d’un mélange de polluants organiques persistants sur le métabolisme hépatique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P629/document.
Повний текст джерелаEpidemiological studies have shown that exposure to certain xenobiotics is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic diseases. Humans are exposed to mixtures of xenobiotics in a chronic and inevitable way. We studied the effects of the interaction of two xenobiotics on metabolism in the liver, the major organ for detoxification in the body. We chose two endocrine disruptors and persistent organic pollutants which activate different signaling pathways: 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which uses the AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor) pathway, and α-endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, which acts via the PXR (pregnane X receptor) and/or the ER (estrogen receptor) pathway. Our aim was to determine the effects of this pollutant mixture, as compared to each pollutant alone, on the regulation in vitro of some hepatic metabolism pathways in the human hepatic cell line, HepaRG. In the first publication, a transcriptomic study of differentiated HepaRG cells was performed. The cells were exposed for 30h to 25nM TCDD, to 10 µM α-endosulfan or to the mixture. We observed that the mixture strongly inhibited the expression of some genes involved in the metabolism of glucose and alcohol. In the second study, we studied the mechanism of action of the mixture of pollutants on the metabolism of glucose. The expression of two genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc), were reduced 80% by the mixture. The expression of other glucose metabolism genes (pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase 2) also was decreased suggesting that the mixture might impact markedly carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, glucose production decreased 40% with the mixture under gluconeogenic conditions. Under glycolytic conditions, the oxidation of glucose into CO2 decreased 30% after 72h of exposure of the cells to the mixture. Long-term treatment (8 days) with lower doses (0.2 to 5 nM TCDD, 3 µM α-endosulfan) similarly decreased G6Pc and GLUT2 expression. We showed that TCDD activated the AhR pathway, and that ER was partly involved in the α-endosulfan effect. In the third part of this thesis, we studied the regulation of several enzymes involved in the metabolism of alcohol (alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH, cytochrome P450 2E1, CYP2E1) after activation of AhR. AhR agonists led to a decrease in the amounts of mRNAs for ADH1, 4, 6 and CYP2E1 and the corresponding proteins. We showed that this regulation uses the AhR genomic pathway. Furthermore, this effect was also observed after 8 days of treatment with lower doses of TCDD. Chronic exposure of individuals to low doses of xenobiotics in mixtures might significantly affect hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and be a contributing factor for the development of the metabolic syndrome
Ploteau, Stéphane. "Etude du lien entre l’exposition aux polluants organiques persistants et l’endométriose." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ONIR087F/document.
Повний текст джерелаEndometriosis is a gynecological disease for whichexposure to some environmental chemicals is evocatedamong the associated risk factors. Epidemiological studies are however globally non convergent and finally fairly conclusive. Their heterogeneity in terms of lesion localization and sub-phenotype, methodology, size and nature of the populations studied, as well as the limited number of monitored markers of exposure contribute to this situation. We realized a matched case-control study based on a biocollection of 113 patients including 68 patients suffering of deep endometriosis and 45 controls. We characterized the internal exposure levels of an extended range of around 78 persistent organic pollutants (including dioxins, polychlorobiphenyls, brominated flame retardants and organochlorine pesticides). Internal level exposures were measured in three biological compartments (omental fat, subcutaneous fat and serum). First, the distribution of these chemicals was characterized within these compartments. These extended exposure data from deep infiltrating endometriosis patients are the first ones available for France and give a new insight about the equilibrium of chemicals between storage and circulating compartments that should be further considered as a potential indicator permitting to establish a possible association between a chronic exposure to chemical hazards and human pathology. Afterwards, some of the targeted chemicals appeared significantly associated with deep endometriosis. A sub-stratification of our case population indicated a more significant relationship with the presence of endometrioma. Underlying mechanisms remain to be determined
Toubin, Céline. "Etude par dynamique moléculaire de l'adsorption de polluants sur des surfaces de glace." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA2008.
Повний текст джерелаGondrexon, Nicolas. "Etude d'un nouveau concept de réacteur ultrasonore continu : Application à la décomposition de polluants organiques en milieu aqueux." Chambéry, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CHAMS024.
Повний текст джерелаPiot, Christine. "Polluants atmosphériques organiques particulaires en Rhône-Alpes : caractérisation chimique et sources d'émissions." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661284.
Повний текст джерелаSebei, Haroun. "Etude des interactions de polluants minéraux et organiques avec des matrices phosphocalciques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13731/1/sebei.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSedjame, Henri-Joël. "Élaboration de matériaux catalytiques pour l'élimination de polluants organiques en phase gaz." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2283/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe results presented in this manuscript have aimed at preparing catalytic materials based on noble metals for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Thus, different platinum based catalysts have been prepared and their catalytic performances have been evaluated for n-butanol and acetic acid oxidation. A first study on oxidative and non-oxidative removal of n-butanol over alumina supported platinum based catalysts has been performed. This work focused on the study of the effect of the different parameters involved in the reaction (oxygen, water, metal). The adsorption-desorption phenomenon of the pollutant on the catalyst surface has also been studied.Inspired by the literature on the specific redox properties of ceria, the work was then focused on the effect of the addition of CeO2 to Pt/Al2O3 catalysts for n-butanol and acetic acid oxidation. The modification of the redox and acid-base properties as well as that of the catalytic performances of the material with the addition of CeO2 allowed to establish a relationship between catalytic oxidation activities, oxygen storage capacity and basicity. This correlation has been confirmed in the last study performed on the monolithic catalysts coated with different materials (Pt/Al2O3, Pt/CeO2, Pt/ZrO2, Pt/Al2O3-CeO2, Pt/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Pt/CeO2-ZrO2)
Marçais, Johanna. "Transferts des polluants organiques persistants de l'atmosphère aux milieux aquatiques de montagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAA005/document.
Повний текст джерелаAtmospheric sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are relatively well known. Once in this compartment under both gas and particulate forms, these compounds are carried on more or less long range. Then, pollutants are eliminated by dry (aerosol) or wet (rain, snow) depositions according to meteorological conditions. The global planetary distribution of POPs affects all environments and mountain aquatic environments are not spared. Several studies on European high altitude mountain lakes have reported the presence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). In these remote areas, the atmospheric compartment is the unique source of pollution. Few studies were conducted in order to understand and identify transfer mechanisms at the air-water interface in mountain. So, this thesis focused on POP exchanges at the air-water interface. In order to characterize atmospheric influence on aquatic compartment and calculate pollutant fluxes, two separate water systems were studied: a high altitude lake (Muzelle lake, Oisans) and an alpine river (Arc, Maurienne valley). Two POP families were targeted for their different physicochemical properties: PAHs and PCBs.In these mountain environments with limited access and energy, passive sampling strategy was chosen. Samplers were improved, developed in the lab or used to distinctly collect all POP forms in the air (gas, particulate, dry and wet depositions) and water (dissolved, particulate). A comparison of different atmospheric passive samplers was conducted to define the most reliable and representative. The air-water transfer studies were realized on the high altitude lake over two summer periods (2014 and 2015) and over a two years monitoring (2014 to 2016) in the alpine river. So, the atmospheric role on the alpine lake in summer was defined and air-water flux exchanges were calculated. As the alpine river is a more complex water system for the air-water transfers study and quantification, in a first time a space-time contamination monitoring was conducted along the river and a first approach was applied to calculate pollutant fluxes at the interface
Mazellier, Patrick. "Degradation de polluants organiques photoinduite par le fer(iii) en solution aqueuse." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF21956.
Повний текст джерелаGARCIA, CAMACHO MARTHA PATRICIA. "Determination de traces de polluants organiques polaires (pesticides, polycarboxylates) dans les eaux." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066330.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Thuaut Philippe. "Fonctionnalisation de supports textiles pour l'élaboration de filtres adsorbeurs de polluants organiques." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10011.
Повний текст джерелаTaralunga, Mihaela. "Oxydation catalytique de composés aromatiques chlorés représentatifs de polluants organiques persistants (POP)." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2295.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of this thesis regards the environmental protection and atmospheric depollution, more particularly the elimination by catalytic way of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) whose most famous representatives are the dioxins and furans. Model molecules such as chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and benzofuran were used during this study. Among catalysts tested Pt/Faujasite prove to be active and selective catalysts at low temperature (T ~ 300- 350°C) for the catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzenes, only or in mixture with the benzofuran. This activity comes partly from the zeolite which is able to oxidize the chlorinated aromatic compounds. The addition of platinum increases the activity of zeolite but leads to the formation of the polychlorinated undesirable compounds. Nevertheless, the production of these by-products can be limited or removed while working in the presence of benzofuran
Sawka, Corinne. "Contamination des logements français en composés organiques semi-volatils en phase particulaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B033/document.
Повний текст джерелаSemi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) refer to a broad spectrum of molecules from different chemical families that have numerous properties. They can be used as pesticides, plasticizers, flame retardants, surfactants, lubricants, etc. Consequently, they are introduced in numerous applications in buildings or used daily by the entire population. Once emitted through evaporation or abrasion in the indoor environment or introduced from the outdoors, their chemical or biological degradation is limited, and they persist indoors. This persistence also explains why some SVOCs that were banned a few years ago are still detected in the air and dust inside buildings. In indoor environments, SVOCs are divided between the gas phase, airborne particles, and dust settled on floors and surfaces. SVOCs are of concern due to their established or suspected health effects and their widespread exposure through different environmental media and pathways. The objective of the thesis was to study the concentrations of 66 SVOCs on airborne particles (PM10) and 48 SVOCs in settled dust in two samples of dwellings randomly selected across France. PM10 were sampled during the nationwide housing survey carried out by the French Observatory of indoor air quality in 2003-2005. The dust samples were collected from vacuum cleaner bags during a nationwide survey carried out in French dwellings where at least one child aged 6 months to 6 years lived (2008-2009). The SVOCs to be analyzed had prior been selected using a ranking method based on their toxicity and indoor concentrations. The data analysis focused in particular on the identification of French specificities in terms of detected molecules and measured concentrations. It highlighted some determinants of exposure, e.g., influence of particle size, type of dust collected, dust bioaccessibility, which are not always considered and limit the comparability of results. The measured concentrations were also used to assess the health ranking implemented prior to this work and to confirm its relevance. The concentrations measured both in the air and in settled dust were compared to study the similarities in terms of concentrations and SVOC mixtures. Finally, the exposure doses to SVOCs were calculated for both a child and an adult to assess the respective contributions of inhalation and ingestion to these compounds in particulate phase in dwellings
Beyram, Trifi. "Traitement des polluants organiques persistants par décharges à barrières diélectriques (DBD) et par décharges glissantes (Glidarc)." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066712.
Повний текст джерелаThis work reports on using plasma process that produces in situ highly oxidizing species able to degrade organic compounds to study the treatment of organic pollutants. By this way, we studied the degradation of some organic pollutant by gliding arc plasma (Glidarc) and by dielectrics barriers discharges (DBD). The first part was dedicated to the degradation of mercaptans by Glidarc with an optimization of different experimental parameters to finish with and application of this process to the decontamination of an industrial effluent rich in mercaptans. A second part was devoted to the study of the degradation of methyl red by Glidarc firstly then by DBD. After optimization of various experimental parameters, a comparison between the two techniques was performed. The third part presented the results obtained from the treatment of triphenylphosphine sulfide present in an organic phase on top of a water phase by Glidarc. A final section was devoted to the modeling of the degradation of methyl red by a new considered horizontal Glidarc reactor. Results show the efficiency of plasma process, DBD and Glidarc, for the treatment and degradation of organic pollutants. So plasma can be considered as an alternative technique compared to other conventional and usual remediation techniques as it has the advantage of being environmentally friendly, economical and efficient
Acharid, Abdelhaq. "Coadsorption du carbofuran et du plomb à l'interface eau/air : Relation avec les mécanismes de passage des polluants non volatils vers l'atmosphère : Modélisation théorique du comportement à la surface." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES2020.
Повний текст джерелаThe weak solubility of carbofuran allows adsorption at the air/water interface. Carbofuran-rich layers are then able to induce the coadsorption of metallic salts such as lead nitrate or chloride. Pollutant-rich surfaces may then form aerosols through the mechanism of bubbling and pollute atmospher with non-volatile species. This phenomenon was quantitatively studied through surface tension measurements under concentration conditions close to the environmental ones. These so-obtained data have been modelled in two ways. First model uses the statistical description of ionic adsorption by Onsager and Samaras and allows to evidence a strongly negative Gibbs' excess for water. 'Me second one is a quantum ab initio description which give some information on the water-air interface structure
Matta, Roger. "Oxydation chimique in situ de polluants organiques : application aux nitro-aromatiques et aux organochlorés." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11010.
Повний текст джерелаThis memory deals with the chemical oxidation of organic pollutants within the general framework of soil remediation. The chemical oxidation of three organic pollutants belonging to two different families (organochlorines and nitroaromatics) by: hydrogen peroxide (Fenton’s reaction and modified Fenton), persulfate (activated or not) and permanganate were studied. The oxidation of PCP, TCE and TNT by hydrogen peroxide and iron containing minerals (heterogeneous Fenton) proved to be applicable tat pH 7 and the activity of iron oxides (in particular magnetite) is preserved when incorporated into mineral assemblages with silicates or clay. These results indicate that the presence of the soil endogenous iron could be exploited for ISCO treatment process. The yields of oxidation with a pH close to neutrality increase in the presence of iron chelating agents like EDTA and CMCD. Persulfate was able to oxidize the PCP and the TCE without any chemical activation whereas it did not show any effect on the transformation of TNT. The iron minerals (goethite and magnetite) did not show any reactivity with respect to persulfate. However, the effectiveness of oxidation was increased by the activation of persulfate with EDTA iron chelates. Permanganate was able to oxidize PCP with a higher rate than that of TCE. However the effectiveness of the oxidation of TNT is much lower. A degradation pathway of PCP was proposed for the first time. The results obtained in column confirmed those obtained in batch and showed the feasibility of chemical oxidation under conditions similar to those found at field. For further research concerning the application of ISCO, pemanganate is the oxidant of choice for the organochlorine compounds and heterogeneous Fenton for the nitroaromatics
Dorval-Douville, Geneviève. "Adsorption d'hydrogène et d'azote dans les nanoréseaux métallo-organiques /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30000161R.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en sciences de l'énergie et des matériaux offert en extension par l'Institut national de la recherche scientifique. CaQTU Comprend des réf. bibliogr. : f. [89]-96. Également disponible en formats microfiche et PDF. CaQTU