Дисертації з теми "Administration publique – Informatique – Liban"
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Hobeika, Graziella. "Analyse multiniveaux des trajectoires de changement associées aux démarches d'e-gouvernement : étude de cas de deux ministères au Liban." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100146.
Our research focuses on analyzing the transformational impact of e-government at two ministries in Lebanon.The literature on e-government, particularly in the context of developing countries, is limited. Furthermore, the transformational impact of e-government has not been empirically explored, giving rise to ongoing debates between optimistic and pessimistic views of the phenomenon. This calls for the mobilization of a holistic perspective to better capture the complexity of e-government and to deepen the understanding of the changes it could trigger.We sought to examine the evolution of change trajectories, driven by e-government initiatives, within the ministry of Finance and the ministry of Public Health in Lebanon over the 1992-2010 period, which is emblematic of the modernization of the Lebanese public sector through IS.We have developed a conceptual framework that combines the neo-institutional theory with the IT-enabled organizational transformation theoretical perspective, which enabled an integral reading of the change unfolding at macro, meso and micro levels at the two ministries.Our results show different trajectories of change. Within the same institutional context, the e-government initiatives deployed at the two ministries, drive, in one case, a trajectory of profound change and a real transformational impact, while in the other, they generate a trajectory of superficial change and a limited transformational impact. These two trajectories of change highlight a tangle of internal and external factors which largely affect the transformational impact of e-government
Fadel, Fady. "La réforme de la fonction publique au Liban." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D009.
The idea of public function includes the assignment of the staff to which the public authorities resort to undertake their tasks. In Lebanon, the public function has never been to the level of the modern public function. The main problems it faces are the result of the gap between the offerings of the said public function and the needs of the citizens. In fact, the lebanese public function is still a quasi-archaic, slow, and inefficient institution. And even though the real problem regarding the reforms depends in its larger part on the failure of the political will to do as such, the lebanese administration might undertake the works of is own reform. Thus, to accomplish a respectful administrative reform, a primary factor should be taken ito consideration, I. E. The management factor. As a case study, we have chosen the Lebanese Ministry of Finance which has to present an impeccable profile and an irreprochable performance, a matter that has to go through the human resource administration
Zaitouni, Michel. "Les compétences des cadres supérieurs comme dispositifs de développement et de modernisation de la gestion des ressources humaines de l'administration publique libanaise." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4005.
Balaï, Christine. "L'impact sur l'Administration des systèmes de communication par réseau." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010272.
Machmouchi, Ikram. "Professionnaliser les acteurs de la formation professionnelle en management public : cas du Liban." Lille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL30021.
Wehbe, Haïdar. "Les achats d'armes et de matériels militaires au Liban." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10005.
In lebanon arms and military materials perchases is a complex probem in which various internal powers become involved, and some behaviour which spring from historical, political, geographical and institutional environment, seeing their object, this purchases imply establishing relations with powerful and industrialized international partners which through their influence are liable to upset and to distort-on the detriment of the national administration- the contract which is the juridical and administrative implement of the realization. This contract, which is administrative by nature, concerning its military particularism in a non industiralized country, is fondamentally atypical, its originality is due to legal dispositions which favour a discretionary power, given to the military authorities, by the successives leba- nese regimes, this brings about rather unusual modes of preparation which approach the arbitary, and are difficult if not risky, by carry out in a context, that is marked by political or economic crises. The universality of the national defense whose needs constitute the objective of the contract is sometims a pretext whose aim is to maintain through the armed forces the prerogatives of a single political cate- gory. The juridical political consideration found within contract operations conduc- ted by lebanese military authorities, is singled out here, in order to find a solu- tion even though "the problem is not write the truth but to find some one willing to read it"
Barakat, Leila. "Vers une gestion moderne des élites au Liban." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020008.
Tannous, Roland. "Le chômage au Liban : stratégies ressources humaines ciblées contre le dysfonctionnement du marché de l’emploi dans les secteurs public et privé." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A004/document.
It is certainly not easy to deal with a topic dated back to the creation of modern Lebanon and theconstitution of the republic during the first decades of the twentieth century. Seriousadministrative problems, institutional dysfunction, and other problems of governance andmanagement were not so noticeable during the golden age of the Republic. But after years ofcivil war that destroyed all the country's infrastructure, Lebanon still suffers from an internalsystem whose structures are obsolete and unsuited to the needs of society. Yet creativity, talentand innovation are key components that have always marked the sectors of employment. In thiscontext, entreprises as well as state institutions require a managerial approach to solvemanagement problems and apply human resources management strategies that are compatiblewith the evolution of the professional environment
Ngounou, Alexis. "Logiciels libres et administration électronique." Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20002.
The free software and the e-government constitue the manifestation of the use of Communication and Information Technologies (formely called NTIC) in the public services. The evolution of these concepts of American origin is due amongst other things, with awakening political of advantages of recourse to TIC like lever of reform of State. It is estimated that the free software would guarantee collaboratif work, interworking, safety, the reduction of the costs, technological independence. . . Although these advantages are not always checked, itis obvious today that the open programs source are a planetary success and become in certain cases a true credible alternative to the software owner. However, this evolution was done notwithstanding a legal absence of recognition which would make it possible to make safe use of the free software. There exist for the time being in France, any law, a final jurisprudence, no work of right, and yet the open programs source raise important legal questions. The use of the English language, yhe contractual nature of the user licence, the qualification of the licence agreement of free software, its validity as well as the validity of some of these provisions (clauses of unguaranteed and non responsability), the question of the right of the authors, of the contribuors and the users, the validity of the contract, the applicable law and the qualified judge for the contracts having an element of extraneity. All these questions tackled in the present study are not certainly diriment , but can cause a legal insecuriry likely to block the recourse to the free software
Michel, Hélène. "Le e-management public : vers de nouveaux modes de gestion de la relation au citoyen ?" Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAML036.
Public managers could seek in ICT possibilities to generate new practices of citizenship or to make the existing practices more effective, in order to increase the involvement of the citizens in the decision-making process and to improve the services rendered by public organization. Indeed, jointly with the disavowal of the traditional processes, some authors see in the progress of the means of telecommunication new perspectives for an electronic citizenship through deliberative surveys and e-voting. The first aims of this thesis is to clarify and create a model of four types of interactions between citizens and local elected, integrating the impact of the ICTs : e-administration, e-government, e-governance and the Learning City. The second aim of this thesis is to clarify the behaviour of citizens towards e-voting by studying their representation systems, witch can be considered to be considered to be explanatory factors for individual behaviour. We conducted a study on a June 2002 e-voting experiment in the town of Vandoeuvre, one of the most advanced French towns in terms of e-democracy. Based upon the results, we built three cognitive maps representing the following tendencies : interest in the practical aspects of e-voting, pessimism, towards e-voting, and generally critical of the political system. The analysis of these three maps shows that the values of Tradition, Power, Security, Conformity and Auto-orientation led to resistance to vote electronically. On the other hand, the values of Hedonism, Simulation and Altruism led to acceptance of e-voting in France in such a way that respects diverse citizen values and encourages broad participation
Peignot, Joris. "La fabrique des administrations à l'ère numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1101.
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Beauvais, Grégory. "Téléservice public et service public." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL20011.
French administration experiences and acceleration of new technologies uses. Tpublic services and administration’s internal organisation so the relationships with users. Inside this frame, new general interest services are provided : public teleservices. A public teleservice is a general interest activity, directly or inderectly applied by a public entity, wich uses telecommunication tools. This definition recalls the public services’ one which points out a general interest activity, assumed or endorsed by a public entity. Public teleservice constitutes, due to applicable rules, an emergent legal notion which is acquirring his autonomy from the public service’ definition. Rules applicable to public teleservices contain ad hoc legal notions whose normative value is not always clear. Some concepts and legal categories applicable to public services which know, by their adaptation to public teleservices, a redefinition
Bouinot, Claire. "Le contrôle de gestion à l'hôpital : régulation et dynamique instrumentale." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1327.
The doctrine of management control is derived from experiences led by American private companies. Even if this doctrine has been renewed recently, we must wonder how it can respond to management situations as complex and different of the ones that characterize public institutions, and particularly French public hospitals. Using a grid of reading which provides a scale applicable to management control systems based on the type of organizational teachings that they result in, we study in the thesis the evolution of practices of management control in hospitals. We show that traditional tools of management remained until the 90's very seldom used by managers in hospitals because they are inappropriate to deal with hospital production and the incentive power of financing mechanism remained weak. We study a new tool, the PMIS, the Program of Medicalisation of Information Systems, developed by the government during the 80's for regulation. The PMIS has been used by hospitals to create a new management dynamics focused on a collective learning process, which has sometimes led to the implementation of a management control process that is more focused on strategy than on resource distribution among units
Neumann, Cédric. "De la mécanographie à l’informatique : les relations entre catégorisation des techniques, groupes professionnels et transformations des savoirs managériaux." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100149.
The history of information processing considers that the apparition and use of computers fall within a broader movement of mechanization of administrative tasks and more generally of writing. This vivid prospect allows relativizing analyses dealing with the « society of information » in which the use of computers is an unprecedented phenomenon, leading to brutal and first ever society transformations, thanks to a growing production of information circulating fast. The continuity between the « mécanographiques » machines and computers can be seen at the level of the manufacturers as well as at the level of the clients and their uses. It does not explain however why computers have no longer been seen as a development of « mécanographie » but as a radically different phenomenon in the 1960s. This thesis will precisely deal with the elaboration of this difference. For that purpose, our work will analyze a relatively short period compared to previous analysis: 1945 to 1975. This period is first characterized by the extension of the use of punched cards machines, then by their progressive replacement by computers. It happened in a delimited area, France, in which the invention of a new term, « informatique » highlights the symbolic difference between « mécanographie » and computers. To understand why « informatique » could appear as a « revolution » compared to « mécanographie », one should not restrict the analysis to the uses of the different equipment but restitutes the relations of equivalence existing between the machines, the staff using it, the different activity fields of companies, and the knowledge the latter require. This transformation of these relations explains why comparable uses of different equipment have actually come along with the elaboration of so heterogeneous and antinomic categories as « mécanographie » and « informatique ». We show that the notion of « mécanographie », used to describe the range of equipment rationalizing the administrative tasks is aligned with the principles of scientific management. « La mécanographie » is primarily justified by the increase of the productivity of administrative work. The latter relies on a narrow specialization of «mécanographes » and the use of a female staff for the most depreciated tasks. The « mécanographe » staff is briefly trained, most of the time by the manufacturers themselves (ch. 1). On the contrary, the use of computers is no longer only linked to productivity but to the improvement of management quality. The close association of computers with conception and direction tasks give birth to the notion of « informatique » in the economic field and to beliefs inherent to the «révolution informatique » (ch. 2). In this context, individuals working on computers are no longer considered like a staff executing but conceiving, which leads to the creation of a labor market of computer engineers autonomous from the one of the machines. The assimilation of computer engineers to executives and the rise of the cultural capital required contributed to exclude the majority of former « mécanographes » from computer-related jobs and to increase the difference between « informatique » and « mécanographie » (ch. 3). The distinct properties of computer engineers compared to « mécanographes » are reinforced by the creation of university-level training in computer engineering to supply the labor market of specialists. Nonetheless, the content of these trainings shows the struggling between the university professors teaching those and the employers (ch. 4). Finally, as opposed to « mécanographie », « informatique » is considered as a specific tool for the majority of the executives. This is due on one hand to the « grandes écoles » introducing the teaching of computer engineering in their curriculum, transforming the latter in a mandatory know-how for the students (ch. 5); and on the other hand to the transformation of executives into « users » via the permanent training, conceived as a means to get optimal use of «’informatique » (ch. 6)
Ndiaye, Mamadou. "E-gouvernance et démocratie en Afrique : le Sénégal dans la mondialisation des pratiques." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30054.
In Africa , the years 1990 coincided with an unprecedented wave of democratization which shook the systems of government of single party, the majority of which have been set up since the independences. These political changes were at the root of the birth of the multiparty system, a strong African civil society and a critical independent press to the current systems of government which are showing a deep aspiration for the democracy and transparency in the exercise of power. However, their actions did not prevent the democracy process from being in the dead end in many countries, which undoubtedly led the backers to note down the good governance at the heart of their concerns as an indispensable condition for their support. Thus, to implement this requirement of good governance, some African governments, like those of the northern countries are committing themselves to integrating Information and Communications Technology (ICT) into the exercise of power. In this thesis, we have tried to show how and for which reasons African countries are adopting this model of western government and the implications concerning the daily life of the citizens. In other words, it was a question of seeing through the cases of Senegal and other African countries briefly quoted if the use of the ICT brings about progress. We will conclude by saying that the international financial institutions know for the fact that the democracy and the good governance in Africa can be the main promoters. Many countries including Senegal have developed strategies of e-government. However, we must recognize that apart from South Africa, all the countries have difficulties to set up a real system of e-government. The political authorities are quite simply limited to put on line Internet sites which give brief and often not updated information. This notice led us to wonder whether the e-governance did not disturb some Heads of States and Africans public agents little inclined to the democratic opening, the transparency and the knowledge sharing
Peignot, Joris. "La fabrique des administrations à l'ère numérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1101.
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Attour, Amel. "Le développement des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans et par les collectivités territoriales." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0045.
In this dissertation, we focused on the role of local government in developing Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on their territories. The dissertation is divided in two parts. In the first part, we ask how local governments’ intervention in the telecommunication market contributes to accelerate the implementation of digital infrastructures. It results that it is not the problem of digital divide which mobilize local government efforts but the reinforcement of the territorial attractiveness. The second part of the dissertation analyse the development of the electronic administration at the local level. It builds a nomenclature of local e-administration services, measure its development and its organizational change. A segmentation of local government, based on their implication in developing ICT is proposed
Ben, Jeddou Sameh. "Communication publique : ancrage des TIC dans l'organisation : étude de cas : l'administration tunisienne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAL026/document.
The Tunisian government saw significant transformations in its means of operation and management due to general ICT implementation in itsorganization. At a time when many teams are working to organize and sustain this presence in their structure,it seems interesting to do an inventory of the existing ICT and the different ways of evolution.Our research is focused more specifically on the analysis of organizational change caused by information and communication technologies in the organization process. ICT as a means of communication and information within the organization has raised our scientific curiosity. We tried,through four Tunisian offices to trace the methods of appropriation or resistance of ICT through a deep analyzing office's actors,forms of perception to understand ICT thereafter, the different types of use ICT and employee attitudes toward this new model organization in the Tunisian government.Promotional discourse on ICT in Tunisia supports the idea that these tools contribute to improving working conditions and increasing employee productivity. This "prophetic" speech we will confront the reality of the Tunisian government and the actual use of employees. Uses "real" and uses "prescribed" a perceptible difference in the Tunisian administration worthy of analysis and deepening
Bettahar, Fathia. "Interopérabilité sémantique dans une plate-forme e-gouvernement : nécessité de construction d'une ontologie multilingue." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1754.
The objective of the research is to define an organization ensuring the semantic operability inside an e-government platform. The solution involves several actors from different domains : ontology expert, domain expert, users, and managers). The objective is achieved thanks to a multilingual ontology supplying semantic data required by each module of the platform. Two issues had to be overcome : the building of an ontology representing the complex processes of the public administration and the multilingual aspect of each concept definition. The building of the ontology followed a general methodology enhanced by the support to platform and users. We defined a specific formalism for representing knowledge in the system, taking into account the issue of class and property instantiation in a knowledge base. We proposed an original solution based on rules. We applied the formalism to the dynamic categorization of elements in a knowledge based and we developed specific tools in order to check the robustness of the formalism
Damaj, Kamar. "La transformation des organisations publiques au Liban et son impact sur leurs performances, en lien avec la satisfaction des usagers." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880326.
Teresi, Laurent. "La commercialisation des données publiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32070.
Durand, Audrey. "Simulation et apprentissage Monte-Carlo de stratégies d'intervention en santé publique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28698/28698.pdf.
Decision makers in public health system, such as the one in the province of Quebec, have a growing need for assessment tools to support their decisions on the interventions to implement. This master’s thesis proposes a generic simulator optimized for public health issues, while being extensible to other areas. It details the software architecture and all the features that make it a tool of choice for decision makers. It also presents the optimization of existing intervention strategies using Monte Carlo reinforcement learning. This includes the proposal of a new algorithm for selecting actions when learning on populations of individuals evolving in parallel. We conclude with the application of this infrastructure to two public health issues : diabetic retinopathy, that has already been the subject of work by other researchers, and osteoporosis, a current application that has been validated by health care specialists.
Haloui, Nadia. "Facteurs explicatifs de l'adoption par les ministères et organismes des projets transversaux de gouvernement en ligne : une étude empirique au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21262.
Ballé, Catherine. "Les aléas du changement." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H070.
In the last thirty years, France has known a tremendous institutional change : new policies, new structures, new sectors and development of new activities. These various mutations led us to observe several projects of change dealing with or leading to institutional modernization and to investigate their impact on French society at large. Among the numerous fields concerned by structural innovation three widely contrasting spheres were chosen : industry, justice and culture. In each of these areas, a particular program was studied : the automation process in business firms, a judiciary reform in the legal sector and the cultural policy towards the rehabilitation of "national monuments". On the basis of the empirical results, several remarks may be stated : purposeful change has become a major mode of action in complex organizations ; structural rationalization is a privileged model of change and bureaucratization is an unexpected consequence of such organizational strategy. This recent wave of bureaucratization as a result of planned change underlines the necessity and the interest for social science research to analyze, both at a theoretical and at an empirical levels, not only the social implications of institutional change, but also its logic, paradoxes and hazards
Schirrer, Maxime. "Révolution informatique et collectivités locales : quels impacts ? : l'exemple de la métropole parisienne." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100058.
The prime objective of the thesis is to know if the information of the administrative services modifies the organization of the local communities. The second objective questions the repercussions in economic terms of performances and social equity. The impact study of the TIC on the level of the local institutions clarifies the emergence of a new economic area founded on the support of the economy of the networks. When the innovation is not any more the fruit of a kingly actor, but a source of differentiation, which problems are posed the leaders and the technicians of the local communities in order to distinguish and to make gravitational their territories? The analysis of case of Paris, Yvelines and Seine-et-Marne were used as test with our assumptions in order to identify variables of differentiation or convergence. The conclusions drawn from the analysis of these three departments contributed to a personal interpretation on the comprehension of spaces "postindustriels"
Weil, Georges. "L'hôpital au service du malade : transfert des concepts, des méthodes, des outils de la gestion de la production." Grenoble 1, 1990. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00337856.
Haddad, Antoine. "La Sécurité Transfusionnelle dans huit pays du sud/est méditerranéen : une approche analytique des expériences et des pratiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES009.
Transfusion is a therapeutic life-saving intervention based on the use of products of human origin. Nevertheless, it is a double-edged sword because of the associated risks (infectious, immunological, clerical ....). Transfusion involves socio-cultural, economic, organizational, epidemiological and technical considerations. The World Health Organization requires the presence of a national coordination and restructuring of blood services imposed by public authorities. The latter must create a favorable environment for voluntary non-remunerated donation (the only safe and sustainable blood supply), organize the national infrastructure, coordinate and supervise transfusion activities to guarantee transfusion safety. While the developed and rich countries have achieved the objective of "zero risk" in terms of blood safety (owing to the use of substantial human and financial resources), developing and less rich ones like the eight Eastern/southern Mediterranean countries in our study are still struggling with. Our work consisted in conducting a benchmark analysis of transfusion practices related to patient safety in these countries. The experiences of Lebanon, a country regarded as a point of reference because of its restructured transfusion system, are thoroughly studied. The objective is to identify the difficulties and safety gaps in the current practices and expose/share successful experiences in order to prevent these transfusion risks. We will then discuss the lessons and/or recommendations drawn from the overall analysis and Lebanese experiences in the field of blood safety
Riachi, Roland. "Institutions et régulation d'une ressource naturelle dans une société fragmentée : Théorie et applications à une gestion durable de l'eau au Liban." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979509.
Kiattibutra-Anantalapochai, Raksi. "Analyse lexicale, morphologique et syntaxique du Thaï en vue de la traduction automatique appliquée au domaine de l'administration publique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020748.
Drâmbӑ, Mihaela. "L'évolution organisationnelle de l'administration départementale dans le contexte de la numérisation généralisée." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20015/document.
This thesis examines the local French administration and its territorial de/reconstructions in relation to the digitalization process in a changing environment in which the efficiency of the public action is of main concern. Contrary to other studies, this research is based on a dynamic definition of the territory as a framework for collective action and on a broad concept oforganizational process which produces a weaving where lines of de/re/territorialisation get entangled. These lines are studied as a manner of being and acting and are thus involved in the process of structuring effective organizations. This process is observed from the perspective that the propensity to efficiency is found underlying or manifest in the form of digital media and its joint arrangement. The de/re/territorialisation mechanisms linked to digitalization were investigated during a three years fieldwork. If the coexistence of organizational coding and decoding are making the territory alive, actual and becoming at the same time, the tendency to higher code enhancing through digitalization challenges the capacity to renew the potential of efficiency
Goëta, Samuel. "Instaurer des données, instaurer des publics : une enquête sociologique dans les coulisses de l'open data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0045.
As more than fifty countries have launched an open data policy, this doctoral dissertation investigates on the emergence and implementation of such policies. It is based on the analysis of public sources and an ethnographic inquiry conducted in seven French local authorities and institutions. By retracing six moments of definitions of the “open data principles” and their implementation by a French institution, Etalab, this work shows how open data has brought attention to data, particularly in their raw form, considered as an untapped resource, the “new oil” lying under the organisations. The inquiry shows that the process of opening generally begins by a phase of identification marked by progressive and uncertain explorations. It allows to understand that data are progressively instantiated from management files into data. Their circulation provoke frictions: to leave the sociotechnical network of organisations, data generally go through validation circuits and chains of treatment. Besides, data must often undergo important treatments before their opening in order to become intelligible by machines as well as humans. This thesis shows eventually that data publics are also instantiated as they are expected to visualize, inspect and process the data. Data publics are instantiated through various tools, which compose another area of the invisible work of open data projects. Finally, it appears from this work that the possible legal requirement to open data asks a fundamental question, “what is data?” Instead of reducing data to a relational category, which would apply to any informational material, studied cases show that they generally are applied when data are a starting point of sociotechnical networks dedicated to their circulation, their exploitation and their visibility
Larrouqué, Damien. "Les politiques d’inclusion digitale en Amérique latine : de la rénovation éducative à la recomposition de l’Etat (Argentine, Paraguay, Pérou, Uruguay)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0044.
Our ambition is to bring to light the institutional transformations that derive in Latin America from the implementation of digital inclusion policies. These social and educational programs have taken inspiration from the project of the One Laptop Per Child foundation and they have been instituted in some South-American countries during the last decade. We consider that these public policies present two interesting characteristics. On the one hand, being very costly from a financial perspective, they illustrate the “return of the state” in terms of social investment. On the other hand, because they are logistically complex to run, they can be seen as examples of a new and effective policy-making process. Our main hypothesis is that their successful implementation has been triggered by the capacity of public authorities to innovate in the field of administrative management. The academic interest of our dissertation rests on the concept of Neo-weberian State. It designs a new institutional configuration, which borrows some properties from two administrative paradigms: the bureaucratic model of Weber and the New Public Management. Taking into consideration four digital inclusion policies, we argue that the successful implementation of two of them (the programs Ceibal in Uruguay and Conectar Igualdad in Argentina) can be explained by the use of a neo-weberian form of political and administrative management. In our opinion, although it remains an ideal type, the concept of “Neo-Weberian State” is considerably useful for whoever analyses the transformations of public institutions in Latin America
Goeta, Samuel. "Instaurer des données, instaurer des publics : une enquête sociologique dans les coulisses de l'open data." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0045/document.
As more than fifty countries have launched an open data policy, this doctoral dissertation investigates on the emergence and implementation of such policies. It is based on the analysis of public sources and an ethnographic inquiry conducted in seven French local authorities and institutions. By retracing six moments of definitions of the “open data principles” and their implementation by a French institution, Etalab, this work shows how open data has brought attention to data, particularly in their raw form, considered as an untapped resource, the “new oil” lying under the organisations. The inquiry shows that the process of opening generally begins by a phase of identification marked by progressive and uncertain explorations. It allows to understand that data are progressively instantiated from management files into data. Their circulation provoke frictions: to leave the sociotechnical network of organisations, data generally go through validation circuits and chains of treatment. Besides, data must often undergo important treatments before their opening in order to become intelligible by machines as well as humans. This thesis shows eventually that data publics are also instantiated as they are expected to visualize, inspect and process the data. Data publics are instantiated through various tools, which compose another area of the invisible work of open data projects. Finally, it appears from this work that the possible legal requirement to open data asks a fundamental question, “what is data?” Instead of reducing data to a relational category, which would apply to any informational material, studied cases show that they generally are applied when data are a starting point of sociotechnical networks dedicated to their circulation, their exploitation and their visibility
Mazyad, Ali. "Les partis libanais et la réforme de l'État au prisme des priorités électorales (1992-2009)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3002/document.
This study has a dual aim: On the one hand, addressing the failure of the Lebanese state’s reform process, because of the parties dispute over it, since the Taif Agreement until today. And on the other hand it aims to identify this dispute from these parties electoral priorities and their political coalitions perspective In the first part, we explored the structure of the Lebanese Constitution, the evolving relationship between parties and the state, and then the political and the typology of these parties. Finally, in this part, we addressed reform efforts in various areas such as: social, economic, justice, defense, environment, and foreign relationships.In the second part, we analyzed the election programs during different parliamentary and municipal elections of 1993, 1996, 1998, 2000 and 2004. This led us to focus on Prime Minister Rafic Hariri's project to rebuild the country, in particular, Beirut after the civil war and the position of the parties concerning this project.In the third part, we made a comparative study for the parties' election programs for the two parliamentary elections of 2005 and 2009. It was noted that the transformation accord in the party system has led to changes in the electoral priorities of the parties and thus in their perspectives towards the reform of the State. In the last chapter, we made a field study on the participation of the Lebanese youth, their views on the priorities of the reform of the state, and their perceptions of the Parliament’s role, the government and the political parties' role in the process of the State reform. Finally, we interviewed members and leaders of the political parties to stand at their views on solving the crisis of the Lebanese state. We hope this study will contribute in opening new horizons for the future of Lebanon
Gravereaux, Clément. "Recomposition des organisations de santé et appropriation des TIC : le cas des Systèmes d’Information Hospitaliers (SIH) et du Dossier Patient Informatisé (DPI)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20031.
With the growth of information and communication technologies, society and organizations are transforming, recomposing all sectors combined. The common paradigm shift is to change the economic and organizational paradigm linked to ICT, more precisely, to the digitalization of processes.The modes of exchange between men have evolved. Our Master 2 thesis (Digital, Organizational Reorganization andAppropriation of ICTs, Gravereaux, 2013) allowed us to understand that the real changes that operate in organization arebeyond the use of digital workspaces and ICT tools.Our thesis is part of the continuation of this preliminary work which offered us to question, in an introductory way, what could be the scope of the political dimension in the appropriation of digital technologies.This doctoral thesis aims at capturing, identifying, analyzing and conceptualizing, both theoretically and practically, the process of organizational transition that operates in the healthcare institutions through which the computerization of the care file And by the maturation of Hospital Information Systems. Having understood that we need to go beyond the uses to understand ICT appropriation, we will orient our reflections and investigations in order to confront this point of view and to give it an operational scope.The communicationa phenomena linked to changes and transformations in organizations are a central element of theserecompositions. The researcher must investigate and question these phenomena in terms of the particular understanding of a healthcare institution.The communicative look at a space, a experience, in transition, will try to update the conditions that participate in the appropriation of the new tools related to the traceability of care: the computerized form of the patient record.Our doctoral thesis proposes to make a contribution to current research questions by questioning the individual at work withregard to the politico-organizational issues related to the appropriation of the computerized patient record.These actors, who have come to be "studied", caregivers, doctors and administrative staff, are at the heart of this phenomenon of disruption, which affects the entire organizational system, at the same time as the organization.From a disruptive rupture, new forms of work organization, linked to changes in the practices of medical information, emerge, emerging from dissonances. In the same way, to support this emerging organization, the forms and standards of health management, are led to recompose and therefore to specialize.We are witnessing a global recomposition of health, whose components of the system tend to make contribution, collaboration, autonomy and translation, new fundamentals of management in health organizations accompanying the digital metamorphosis of routines actors
Manigat, Nesmy. "Conception d'un système d'information pour une gestion plus efficace de la direction de la coopération externe du MPCEFP en Haïti." Thèse, 1993. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1334/1/1482164.pdf.
Thérien, Michel. "L'informatisation du travail dans une administration municipale cas : ville de Joliette." Thèse, 1990. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1581/1/1459503.pdf.
Sibille, Bastien. "Visions d’État : deux systèmes d'informations géographiques dans la « gouvernance »." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3582.
During the 1990s, Canada’s federal government and the European Commission established two networks of geographic information systems (GIS): the National Forest Information System in Canada and the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Union. These two systems permit social and environment facts to be studied geographically and to be mapped. In this thesis, we emphasize the heuristic value of these two networks of geographic information systems: an analysis of them allows us to better understand the institutional configurations that existed during their development, that is to say, in our cases, what is called “governance”. As instruments that measure and represent phenomena, GIS belong to knowledge tools. As knowledge tools, they allow us to discuss two issues of “governance” theories: relationships between central and local administrations, and relationships between state and non-state organizations. This discussion leads us to show, on the one hand, that the reorganization of different levels of government does not signify, as is described elsewhere in the literature, the retreat of central administrations in favor of local administrations, but is rather a means for more forcefully controlling them. On the other hand, we show that the renegotiation of relationships between central and local administrations is not accompanied, in reality, by a negotiation of relationships with non-state organizations. In light of the fact that non-state organizations are not integrated in states’ GIS networks, we must revisit theories of “governance” that foresee governments as more open to civil society. This helps us to understand how knowledge tools can be used in order to exclude certain facts from State's sight. In conclusion, this political analysis of two specific software – GIS – leads us to propose that some software can be considered as political institutions.
Larouche, Ursula. "Entre le développement durable et l’acceptabilité sociale : pour une éthique de la gestion des ressources naturelles : le cas d’Arianne Phosphate inc." Thèse, 2016. http://constellation.uqac.ca/4155/1/Larouche_uqac_0862N_10314.pdf.