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Sahinoğlu, Dilek, Gürsoy Coskun, and Nilgün Bek. "Effects of different seating equipment on postural control and upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616637490.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background:Adaptive seating supports for cerebral palsy are recommended to develop and maintain optimum posture, and functional use of upper extremities.Objectives:To compare the effectiveness of different seating adaptations regarding postural alignment and related functions and to investigate the effects of these seating adaptations on different motor levels.Study design:Prospective study.Methods:A total of 20 children with spastic cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System 3–5) were included. Postural control and function (Seated Postural Control Measure, Sitting Assessment Scale) were measured in three different systems: standard chair, adjustable seating system and custom-made orthosis.Results:In results of all participants ungrouped, there was a significant difference in most parameters of both measurement tools in favor of custom-made orthosis and adjustable seating system when compared to standard chair ( p < 0.0017). There was a difference among interventions in most of the Seated Postural Control Measure results in Level 4 when subjects were grouped according to Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. A difference was observed between standard chair and adjustable seating system in foot control, arm control, and total Sitting Assessment Scale scores; and between standard chair and custom-made orthosis in trunk control, arm control, and total Sitting Assessment Scale score in Level 4. There was no difference in adjustable seating system and custom-made orthosis in Sitting Assessment Scale in this group of children ( p < 0.017).Conclusion:Although custom-made orthosis fabrication is time consuming, it is still recommended since it is custom made, easy to use, and low-cost. On the other hand, the adjustable seating system can be modified according to a patient’s height and weight.Clinical relevanceIt was found that Gross Motor Function Classification System Level 4 children benefitted most from the seating support systems. It was presented that standard chair is sufficient in providing postural alignment. Both custom-made orthosis and adjustable seating system have pros and cons and the best solution for each will be dependent on a number of factors.
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Makvandi, Mehdi, Xilin Zhou, Chuancheng Li, and Qinli Deng. "A Field Investigation on Adaptive Thermal Comfort in an Urban Environment Considering Individuals’ Psychological and Physiological Behaviors in a Cold-Winter of Wuhan." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To date, studies of outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) have focused primarily on physical factors, tending to overlook the relevance of individual adaptation to microclimate parameters through psychological and physiological behaviors. These adaptations can significantly affect the use of urban and outdoor spaces. The study presented here investigated these issues, with a view to aiding sustainable urban development. Measurements of OTC were taken at a university campus and in urban spaces. Simultaneously, a large-scale survey of thermal adaptability was conducted. Two groups were selected for investigation in a cold-winter-and-hot-summer (CWHS) region; respondents came from humid subtropical (Cfa) and hot desert (BWh) climates, according to the Köppen Climate Classification (KCC). Results showed that: (1) neutral physiological equivalent temperature (NPET) and preferred PET for people from the Cfa (PCfa) and BWh (PBWh) groups could be obtained with KCC; (2) PCfa adaptability behaviors were, subjectively, more adjustable than PBWh; (3) Clothing affected neutral temperature (NT), where NT reduced by approximately 0.5 °C when clothing insulation rose 0.1 Clo; and (4) Gender barely affected thermal acceptance vote (TAV) or thermal comfort vote (TCV) and there was a substantial relationship between thermal sensation, NT, and PET. These findings suggest ‘feels like’ temperature and comfort may be adjusted via relationships between microclimate parameters.
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Christie, M. D., S. Sun, L. Deng, H. Du, S. W. Zhang, and W. H. Li. "Real-time adaptive leg-stiffness for roll compensation via magnetorheological control in a legged robot." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 045003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac5317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Over the recent few decades, the evolving research-field of legged robotics has seen various mechanical and control-based developments. Inspired by biological species, a significant adaptation in modern mechanical leg designs has been the implementation of adjustable stiffness, shifting from what were previously simple linkages to more-complex variable stiffness actuators. Physiological studies previously demonstrated leg-stiffness modulation was not only a common trait in multiple biological locomotors, but also played a key role in disturbance recovery for humans. Guided by this, recent robotics research has shown that this can also be applied to legged robots to achieve similar locomotion adaptations, albeit often limited by the tuning time of leg stiffness in such circumstances. This study proposes real-time adaptive stiffness robot legs which are governed by fast-response magnetorheological fluid dampers, enabling stiffness adjustment upon a single step. Through experimental characterisation and model validation, these legs are shown to achieve a maximum stiffness shift of 114%. Enabled by real-time control during locomotion, improved performance and roll-angle stability is experimentally demonstrated for a bipedal robot test platform. Such improvement to locomotion is found through typical legged locomotion scenarios, with the platform encountering: obstacles, valleys, and coronal gradients in a comprehensive series of experiments.
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Uhlmann, E., S. Uhlemann, and J. Kochan. "In-Situ-Kraftmessung bei variablen Werkzeugwinkeln*/In-situ force measurement with variable tool angles – Measurement of process forces directly behind the cutting edge: enabler for optimized milling tools." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 01-02 (2019): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-01-02-16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Werkzeugentwicklungen sind von iterativen Anpassungen und aufwendigen Versuchsreihen mit einer Vielzahl von Prototypen geprägt. In einem Forschungsprojekt wurde ein sensorisch instrumentiertes Fräswerkzeug mit verstellbaren Schneiden entwickelt und mittels SLM (Selective Laser Melting) aufgebaut. Mit dieser Entwicklung liegt ein Instrument vor, das im Fräsprozess unmittelbar an den Schneiden Belastungen erfassen kann und durch nachgestellte FEM (Finite Elemente Methode)-Analysen und Optimierungsroutinen ein enormes Potenzial für die Auslegung optimierter Werkzeuggeometrien bietet. Tool developments are characterized by iterative tool adaptations and complex test series with a large number of prototype tools. As part of a research project, a sensorically instrumented milling tool with adjustable cutting edges was developed and constructed using SLM. This makes an instrument available to detect loads directly at the cutting edges during the milling process, offering enormous potential for the design of optimized tool geometries through simulated FEM analyses and optimization routines.
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Monleon, Daniel, Rebeca Garcia-Valles, Jose Manuel Morales, Thomas Brioche, Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez, Raul Lopez-Grueso, Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, and Jose Viña. "Metabolomic analysis of long-term spontaneous exercise in mice suggests increased lipolysis and altered glucose metabolism when animals are at rest." Journal of Applied Physiology 117, no. 10 (November 15, 2014): 1110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00585.2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exercise has been associated with several beneficial effects and is one of the major modulators of metabolism. The working muscle produces and releases substances during exercise that mediate the adaptation of the muscle but also improve the metabolic flexibility of the complete organism, leading to adjustable substrate utilization. Metabolomic studies on physical exercise are scarce and most of them have been focused on the effects of intense exercise in professional sportsmen. The aim of our study was to determine plasma metabolomic adaptations in mice after a long-term spontaneous exercise intervention study (18 mo). The metabolic changes induced by long-term spontaneous exercise were sufficient to achieve complete discrimination between groups in the principal component analysis scores plot. We identified plasma indicators of an increase in lipolysis (elevated unsaturated fatty acids and glycerol), a decrease in glucose and insulin plasma levels and in heart glucose consumption (by PET), and altered glucose metabolism (decreased alanine and lactate) in the wheel running group. Collectively these data are compatible with an increase in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in the active mice. We also found an increase in amino acids involved in catecholamine synthesis (tyrosine and phenylalanine), in the skeletal muscle pool of creatine phosphate and taurine, and changes in phospholipid metabolism (phosphocholine and choline in lipids) between the sedentary and the active mice. In conclusion, long-term spontaneous wheel running induces significant plasma and tissue (heart) metabolic responses that remain even when the animal is at rest.
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Pinto, Fernando C. Loio, Henrique P. Neiva, and Ricardo Ferraz. "Theoretical Basis of Technical-tactical Behavior and its Application in Ultimate Full Contact Training." Open Sports Sciences Journal 14, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Technical-tactical training has been shown to be relevant to performance in a competition. In this regard, several studies have analysed the efficiency of technical-tactical dynamics in combat sports. However, these researchers have mainly focused on technical efficiency, and therefore more research is needed regarding tactical efficiency. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, there are no published experiential studies on Ultimate Full Contact. Objective: This brief review will analyse the theoretical basis of technical-tactical behaviour for training application in Ultimate Full Contact, characterising the modality under cognitive and dynamic-ecological approaches. This knowledge can be transferred and applied to similar modalities, such as Pankration, Free Fight, Shooto, and Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). Conclusion: The theoretical technical-tactical knowledge created through competition is essential because it is the only way that improvement in the training process can occur. Ultimate Full Contact is characterised as a combat sport of special complexity and intermitent intensity, where the technical-tactical factors are decisive for the performance while the physical component can be a conditioning factor. A careful regulation between technical-tactical training load and physiological load is essential to obtain adjustable adaptations. Both cognitive and dynamic-ecological approaches should be considered based on the respective training models.
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Frankin, Sivan, Rajib Roychowdhury, Kamal Nashef, Shahal Abbo, David J. Bonfil, and Roi Ben-David. "In-Field Comparative Study of Landraces vs. Modern Wheat Genotypes under a Mediterranean Climate." Plants 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122612.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Near East climate ranges from arid to a Mediterranean, under which local wheat landraces have been grown for over millennia, assumingly accumulating a unique repertoire of genetic adaptations. In the current study, we subjected a subset of the Israeli Palestinian Landraces (IPLR) collection (n = 19: durum and bread wheat landraces, modern wheat cultivars, and landraces mixtures) to full-field evaluation. The multifield experiment included a semiarid site (2018–2019, 2019–2020) under low (L) and high (H) supplementary irrigation, and a Mediterranean site (2019–2020). Water availability had a major impact on crop performance. This was reflected in a strong discrimination between environments for biomass productivity and yield components. Compared to landraces, modern cultivars exhibited significantly higher grain yield (GY) across environments (+102%) reflecting the effect of the Green Revolution. However, under the Gilat19 (L) environment, this productivity gap was significantly reduced (only +39%). Five excelling landraces and the durum mix exhibited good agronomic potential across all trails. This was expressed in relatively high GY (2.3–2.85 t ha−1), early phenology (86–96 days to heading) and lodging resistance. Given the growing interest of stakeholders and consumers, these might be considered future candidates for the local artisanal wheat grain market. Yet, this step should be taken only after establishing an adjustable field management protocol.
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Colhoun, Andrew F., John E. Speich, MaryEllen T. Dolat, Joseph R. Habibi, Georgi Guruli, Paul H. Ratz, Robert W. Barbee, and Adam P. Klausner. "Acute length adaptation and adjustable preload in the human detrusor." Neurourology and Urodynamics 35, no. 7 (July 30, 2015): 792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.22820.
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Sheng, Shouzhao, Chenwu Sun, and Hong Zhao. "Indirect Adaptive Attitude Control for a Ducted Fan Vertical Takeoff and Landing Microaerial Vehicle." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/135489.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present paper addresses an attitude tracking control problem of a ducted fan microaerial vehicle. The proposed indirect adaptive controller can greatly reduce tracking error in the initial stage of the adaptive learning process by using an error compensation strategy and can achieve good capability to eliminate the adverse effect of measurement noises on the convergence of adjustable parameters. Moreover, the learning rate adaptation strategy is proposed to further minimize the adverse effect of large learning rates on the convergence of adjustable parameters. The experimental tests have illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive controller.
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Nakajima, Tateo, and Clemeth L. Abercrombie. "Adjustable acoustics and musician adaptation at the concert hall in Aalborg, Denmark." Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain 25, no. 3 (2015): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pmu0000111.
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Abd Samat, Ahmad Asri, Dahaman Ishak, Shahid Iqbal, and Aimi Idzwan Tajudin. "Comparison between Takagi Sugeno FIS and PI Controller: An Adaptation Scheme of MRAS for Speed Sensorless Control of PMSM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.193.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
— This paper proposes modification of an adaptation scheme which aims to replace the conventional PI controller for MRAS by using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). This FLC based on Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Logic Inference System (FIS). To achieve this goal, field oriented control (FOC) method has been utilized to control the speed of PMSM with the implementation of MRAS to observe the rotor position and speed of the motor. PMSM becomes the reference model for MRAS while the current model in the rotor reference frame is set as the adjustable model. The Takagi Sugeno Fuzzy FIS is executed in the MRAS adaptive scheme in order to tune the errors between the reference and adjustable model. The effectiveness of the Takagi Sugeno FIS to tune the errors in MRAS scheme is compared with the conventional PI controller. The proposed method clearly indicates improved motor performance over a wide range of operating speeds since is capable of tracking the motor speed effectively.
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Yin, Wenfeng, Xiuzhu Yang, Lei Li, Lin Zhang, Nattapong Kitsuwan, Ryoichi Shinkuma, and Eiji Oki. "Self-adjustable domain adaptation in personalized ECG monitoring integrated with IR-UWB radar." Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 47 (January 2019): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2018.08.002.
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Swarnkar, P., S. Jain, and R. K. Nema. "Effect of Adaptation Gain in Model Reference Adaptive Controlled Second Order System." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 1, no. 3 (June 17, 2011): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Adaptive control involves modifying the control law used by the controller to cope with the fact that the parameters of the system being controlled change drastically due to change in environmental conditions or in system itself. This technique is based on the fundamental characteristic of adaptation of living organism. The adaptive control process is one that continuously and automatically measures the dynamic behavior of plant, compares it with the desired output and uses the difference to vary adjustable system parameters or to generate an actuating signal in such a way so that optimal performance can be maintained regardless of system changes. Nature of adaptation mechanism for controlling the system performance is greatly affected by the value of adaptation gain. It is observed that for the lower order system wide range of adaptation gain can be used to study the performance of the system. As the order of the system increases the applicable range of adaptation gain becomes narrow. This paper deals with application of model reference adaptive control scheme to second order system with different values of adaptation gain. The rule which is used for this application is MIT rule. Simulation is done in MATLAB and simulink and the results are compared for varying adaptation mechanism due to variation in adaptation gain.
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Hajji, Soufien, Ramzi Ben Chehida, Hichem Zayani, Noomen Bouaziz, and Youssef Agrebi Zorgani. "Sensorless Induction Motor Drive Based on Model Reference Adaptive System Scheme Utilising a Fictitious Resistance." Power Electronics and Drives 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2020-0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article presents a new development of an indirect stator flux-oriented controller for sensorless speed induction motor drive utilising instantaneous and steady-state values, respectively, of a fictitious resistance symbolised as R_f. The dimension of the fictitious quantity, in this context, is the ohm, which is the difference between the stator d- and q-axis fictitious resistances. However, from the measurement of the stator voltage and currents of the machine, two independent resistance estimators are built. Therefore, the first is considered as a reference model of the induction machine (IM), and the second is considered as an adjustable model. Subsequently, the error between the states of the two models is used to drive a suitable adaptation mechanism that generates the estimation of the speed, for the adjustable model. Furthermore, the structure of the proposed estimator is free from stator resistance and eliminates the requirement of any flux computation. All the detailed simulation study is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the proposed method and to highlight the robustness and the stability of the proposed model reference adaptive system estimator.
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Fan, Yongqing, Keyi Xing, and Xiangkui Jiang. "Fuzzy Adaptation Algorithms’ Control for Robot Manipulators with Uncertainty Modelling Errors." Complexity 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5468090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A novel fuzzy control scheme with adaptation algorithms is developed for robot manipulators’ system. At the beginning, one adjustable parameter is introduced in the fuzzy logic system, the robot manipulators system with uncertain nonlinear terms as the master device and a reference model dynamic system as the slave robot system. To overcome the limitations such as online learning computation burden and logic structure in conventional fuzzy logic systems, a parameter should be used in fuzzy logic system, which composes fuzzy logic system with updated parameter laws, and can be formed for a new fashioned adaptation algorithms controller. The error closed-loop dynamical system can be stabilized based on Lyapunov analysis, the number of online learning computation burdens can be reduced greatly, and the different kinds of fuzzy logic systems with fuzzy rules or without any fuzzy rules are also suited. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed approach has been shown in simulation example.
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Murti, Nindita Kresna, Atiek Suprapti, and Agung Budi Sardjono. "TRANSFORMASI ADAPTASI BANGUNAN DI PERMUKIMAN INFORMAL TEPI SUNGAI KAHAYAN." Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v4i1.339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: Many informal settlements in Indonesia have been unable to survive, this is due to changes that occur in the neighborhood. This change resulted in the not surviving of informal settlements, but this did not affect the informal settlements in the city of Palangkaraya, settlements on the banks of the Kahayan river were even more developed, and began to develop towards the mainland.As climate change and the global environment increase, there is a tendency for people to conceptualize adaptation in residential buildings as a process of survival and how adaptation is practiced by people who face the negative impacts of climate change, for example in informal settlements on the Kahayan river bank, where residents adapt to building their homes to be able to withstand environmental changes. Where the neighborhood is located there are tides of the river, as well as other environmental factorsThis study is to find out how the Kahayan River settlement communities can survive, with changes that occur in the environment by analyzing using 6 strategies in building adaptation, namely: Adjustable, Versatile, Refitable, Convertible, Scalable, and Movable (Robert Schmid, 2009). Adaptation that occurs in these settlements, namely on building houses that follow climate change, times, and the environment.Keyword: Informal Settlements, Kahayan River Edge, Adaptation, Transformation.Abstrak: Permukiman Informal di Indonesia banyak yang sudah tidak dapat bertahan, hal ini di karenakan adanya perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan permukiman tersebut. Perubahan ini berakibat tidak bertahannya permukiman informal, namun hal ini tidak mempengaruhi permukiman informal di Kota Palangkaraya, permukiman yang berada di tepi sungai kahayan ini malah semakin berkembang, dan mulai berkembang menuju ke daratan.Seiring dengan meningkatnya perubahan iklim dan lingkungan global, ada kecenderungan masyarakat untuk membuat konsep adaptasi pada bangunan rumah tinggal sebagai proses untuk bertahan dan bagaimana adaptasi dipraktikkan oleh orang-orang yang menghadapi dampak negatif perubahan iklim, sebagai contoh pada permukiman informal yang berada di tepi sungai Kahayan, di mana warga beradaptasi pada bangunan rumah mereka untuk dapat bertahan terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Di mana lingkungan permukiman ini terdapat pasang surut air sungai, serta faktor lingkungan lainnya.Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui cara masyarakat permukiman tepi Sungai Kahayan dapat bertahan, dengan perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan dengan menganalisa menggunakan 6 strategi dalam adaptasi bangunan, yaitu: Adjustable, Versatile, Refitable, Convertible, Scalable, dan Movable (Robert Schmid, 2009). Adaptasi yang terjadi pada permukiman ini, yaitu pada bangunan rumah yang mengikuti perubahan iklim, jaman, dan lingkungan.Kata Kunci: Permukiman Informal, Tepi Sungai Kahayan, Adaptasi, Transformasi.
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Natalia, Dita Ayu Rani, and M. Sani Roychansyah. "STRATEGI ADAPTASI BANGUNAN DI PERUMNAS CONDONG CATUR SLEMAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA." NALARs 16, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/nalars.16.2.125-134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRAKBangunan merupakan benda yang bergerak dinamis dan akan mengalami perubahan dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Perubahan bangunan yang dilakukan untuk dapat digunakan secara maksimal disebut dengan adaptasi bangunan. Adaptasi bangunan adalah “pekerjaan pada bangunan untuk pemeliharaan dalam mengubah kapasitas, fungsi dan performance dengan kata lain melakukan intervensi untuk menyesuaikan, menggunakan ulang dan meningkatkan kemampuan bangunan”. Cara yang dapat digunakan oleh penghuni atau pemilik ketika bangunan sudah tidak lagi bekerja secara optimal adalah dengan membiarkan, melakukan perubahan atau menghancurkannya. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan beberapa strategi yang digunakan dalam adaptasi bangunan. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi strategi adaptasi bangunan yang digunakan dan terjadi di Perumnas Condongcatur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deduktif kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling yang bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data secara spesifik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi yang terdiri dari pengamatan, kuisioner, interview dan dokumentasi. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian di analisa berdasarkan perubahan fisik bangunan yang kemudian di diskusikan dengan teori dalam diskusi temuan.Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa terdapat enam strategi adaptasi bangunan di Perumnas Condongcatur. Strategi tersebut antara lain perubahan perabotan (adjustable), perubahan tatanan ruang (versatile), perubahan performance (refitable), perubahan fungsi (convertible), perubahan ukuran (scalable) dan perubahan tatanan layout perabotan. Kata kunci: Strategi, Adaptasi Bangunan, Perumnas ABSTRACTBuilding is a dynamic object and keeps changing in particular period of time. Any change in order to take maximum advantage of the building is called building adaptation. Building adaptation is “any work to a building over and above maintenance to change its capacity, function, or performance’ in other words, ‘any intervention to adjust, reuse, or upgrade a building.” When a building does not function as it is supposed to be, the owner can abandon, change, or destroy it. These are carried out by employing several strategies of building adaptation. This research is aimed to identify strategy of building adaptation used and occurred in Perumnas Condong Catur. Deductive qualitative research method was employed in this research with the samples were taken applying purposive sampling technique which was aimed to specify the collecting of the data. Data collecting was conducted by observation including observation, questionnaires, interview, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed according physical changes of the houses and the analysis were then discussed in the research finding using the theory. The results of the research show that there are six strategies in the building adaptation of Perumnas Condongcatur. They are change of the furniture (adjustable), change of the layout (versatile), change of the performance (refitable), change of the function (convertible), change of the size (scalable), and change of the furniture layout. Keywords: Strategy, Building Adaptation, Perumnas
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Novikov, I. A., A. G. Shevtsova, A. A. Kravchenko, and A. G. Burlutskaia. "Development of a procedure for adapting a model of adjustable intersection." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 17, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-6-726-735.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The article is devoted to the development of an algorithm for checking the assessment of the adequate operation of the transport model and the application of this algorithm in practice.The research has been carried out at a regulated intersection in Belgorod, the main parameters necessary for creating a transport model have been determined. A transport model of the investigated intersection was created, an assessment of the adequate operation of the model was made, measures were proposed to increase the capacity of the investigated section of the road network.Methods and materials. The main attention is paid to the use of the software that allows simulating transport processes at the initial stages of activities related to the organization or reorganization of road traffic. Simulation is a fast, convenient and cost-effective way to assess the effectiveness of traffic management. The modeling process helps to select the most optimal solution for the transport infrastructure.Results. The authors have developed the algorithm for checking the adaptation of the controlled crossing model in the Aimsun software environment, and proposed a new coordination plan for crossing. Conclusion. It is concluded that it is necessary to use the software products intended for modeling transport systems.
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Novikov, I. A., A. G. Shevtsova, A. A. Kravchenko, and A. G. Burlutskaia. "Development of a procedure for adapting a model of adjustable intersection." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 17, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-6-726-735.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The article is devoted to the development of an algorithm for checking the assessment of the adequate operation of the transport model and the application of this algorithm in practice.The research has been carried out at a regulated intersection in Belgorod, the main parameters necessary for creating a transport model have been determined. A transport model of the investigated intersection was created, an assessment of the adequate operation of the model was made, measures were proposed to increase the capacity of the investigated section of the road network.Methods and materials. The main attention is paid to the use of the software that allows simulating transport processes at the initial stages of activities related to the organization or reorganization of road traffic. Simulation is a fast, convenient and cost-effective way to assess the effectiveness of traffic management. The modeling process helps to select the most optimal solution for the transport infrastructure.Results. The authors have developed the algorithm for checking the adaptation of the controlled crossing model in the Aimsun software environment, and proposed a new coordination plan for crossing. Conclusion. It is concluded that it is necessary to use the software products intended for modeling transport systems.
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Schell, Thomas, та Stefan Wegenkittl. "Looking Beyond Selection Probabilities: Adaptation of the χ2 Measure for the Performance Analysis of Selection Methods in GAs". Evolutionary Computation 9, № 2 (червень 2001): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106365601750190424.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Viewing the selection process in a genetic algorithm as a two-step procedure consisting of the assignment of selection probabilities and the sampling according to this distribution, we employ the χ2 measure as a tool for the analysis of the stochastic properties of the sampling. We are thereby able to compare different selection schemes even in the case that their probability distributions coincide. Introducing a new sampling algorithm with adjustable accuracy and employing two-level test designs enables us to further reveal the intrinsic correlation structures of well-known sampling algorithms. Our methods apply well to integral methods like tournament selection and can be automated.
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Niţu, Eduard, Alexandru Babă, Monica Iordache, Aurel Costea, and Doina Iacomi. "Mathematical Model and Algorithm to Optimize the Construction of Adjustable Multi-Axis Heads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.617.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current trends in the field of manufacturing systems are mostly connected to the transfer of technical solutions specific to large manufacturing series toward small and medium manufacturing series. Our researches presented in this paper study thoroughly and expand the concept of modularization of multi-tool processing devices in order to obtain a high level of productivity and flexibility of the technological system, as well as a significant decrease of the adaptation costs. To this end, we elaborated and used computing methods, mathematical models, optimizing algorithms and original constructive solutions to develop new modular structures meant to optimize the construction and configuration of adjustable multi-spindle ends. We obtained the highest level of modularization for this type of equipment which integrates from the point of view of organs and is functional from the point of view of performance, highly efficient, in a flexible complex multi-tool system of simultaneous-successive and multi-directional processing.
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Kumra, Neha, L. M. Saha, and M. K. Das. "Asymptotic Stability Analysis Applied in Two and Three-Dimensional Discrete Systems to Control Chaos." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2021.6.2.042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Asymptotic stability analysis applied to stabilize unstable fixed points and to control chaotic motions in two and three-dimensional discrete dynamical systems. A new set of parameter values obtained which stabilizes an unstable fixed point and control the chaotic evolution to regularity. The output of the considered model and that of the adjustable system continuously compared by a typical feedback and the difference used by the adaptation mechanism to modify the parameters. Suitable numerical simulation which are used thoroughly discussed and parameter values are adjusted. The findings are significant and interesting. This strategy has some advantages over many other chaos control methods in discrete systems but, however it can be applied within some limitations.
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Hauck, Nico, Fritz Buser, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "Visual Impairment, Adaptation Luminance, and Glare: An Empirical Investigation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.527.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Visually impaired people primarily rely on their remaining vision. Unfavorable lighting conditions can further hamper this remaining vision. In this context, the present contribution mainly focuses on the evaluation of the visual performance of visually impaired and normally sighted individuals under different lighting conditions. To investigate the visual performance empirically, we developed a test involving different adaptation luminance values. A monitor with adjustable brightness facilitated various tests to determine the visual performance as a function of the adaptation luminance and glare. In addition, the subjective impressions of the visually impaired participants were captured via interviews. The study included 98 visually impaired people and 38 people without eye-related ailments. The interview results suggest that most people with visual disabilities require special lighting conditions. An increased lighting requirement is observed amongst 50% of this group. Moreover, 75% of this group display increased glare sensitivity. Likewise, adaptation problems and critical issues related to non-uniform lighting are manifest. Visually impaired individuals display significant in the visual performance variance at different brightness levels. Individuals with eye disease display a greatly reduced contrast threshold and a higher subjective level of discomfort compared to individuals with normal vision. Most visually impaired individuals require a higher degree of brightness to achieve their maximum personal visual performance. About a quarter of these individuals achieves the optimal visual performance at lower brightness, while displaying an increased sensitivity to glare. In general, glare has a decisive influence on the visual performance of visually impaired people. For general lighting purposes, a predominantly indirect lighting source better accommodates these individuals' requirements.
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Karyono, Karyono, Badr Abdullah, Alison Cotgrave, and Ana Bras. "A Novel Adaptive Lighting System Which Considers Behavioral Adaptation Aspects for Visually Impaired People." Buildings 10, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10090168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The number of visually impaired people and elderly people groups are significant, but the current lighting system used in buildings, which is based on the current standard, cannot provide the necessary lighting comfort for them. The lighting system should provide the correct illuminance for every activity and even pattern of light. This research presents the work in progress in developing the novel adaptive lighting system tailored for visually impaired people, which becomes the solution to the problem. The behavioral adaptation aspects and the experience and memory principle are taken into account in the system design. It also makes use of the latest independent adjustable artificial light (LED) technology, to get an even pattern of lighting, while still considering efficient energy usage. The proposed system structure uses a wireless sensor network (WSN), big data processing, and the Artificial Intelligence (AI) sub-system, which can predict and adaptively regulate the illumination level based on the occupant’s needs and routines. The initial simulation of the lighting model is presented in this paper. The simulation uses five scenarios in different seasons and daylight. The simulation shows satisfactory results for illuminance values 200, 250, 300, 500, and 750 lux, needed by the occupants.
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Clomburg, James M., Anna M. Crumbley, and Ramon Gonzalez. "Industrial biomanufacturing: The future of chemical production." Science 355, no. 6320 (January 5, 2017): aag0804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aag0804.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current model for industrial chemical manufacturing employs large-scale megafacilities that benefit from economies of unit scale. However, this strategy faces environmental, geographical, political, and economic challenges associated with energy and manufacturing demands. We review how exploiting biological processes for manufacturing (i.e., industrial biomanufacturing) addresses these concerns while also supporting and benefiting from economies of unit number. Key to this approach is the inherent small scale and capital efficiency of bioprocesses and the ability of engineered biocatalysts to produce designer products at high carbon and energy efficiency with adjustable output, at high selectivity, and under mild process conditions. The biological conversion of single-carbon compounds represents a test bed to establish this paradigm, enabling rapid, mobile, and widespread deployment, access to remote and distributed resources, and adaptation to new and changing markets.
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Köse, E., A. Sauer, B. Thomas, T. Müller, S. Kölle, and P. Schwanzer. "Stromoptimierte KWK in der Galvanikbranche*/Power-optimized combined heat and power in the electroplating industry - Responding to increasing energy flexibility by residual energy adapted combined heat and power plants." wt Werkstattstechnik online 108, no. 07-08 (2018): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2018-07-08-79.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Das Thema Energieflexibilität und Anpassung der eigenerzeugten Energie an die Energieerzeugung aus regenerativen Energien gewinnt an Bedeutung. Regulierbare Eigenerzeugungsanlagen können zur Stabilisierung des Netzes einen enormen Beitrag leisten. Der Aufsatz zeigt, welchen Effekt der Einsatz von BHWK auf die Galvanikbranche hat und wie nicht nur die eigenen Energiekosten reduziert, sondern auch die Möglichkeit geschaffen wird, auf Signale der Energiewirtschaft zu reagieren, ohne die Energieversorgung zu unterbrechen. Energy flexibility and adaptation of self-generated energy to energy production from renewable energies is becoming more important. Adjustable distributed power plants can provide a huge impact on stabilizing the power grid. This article displays the effects of combined heat and power generation on the electroplating industry. It demonstrates how to reduce energy costs and also how to find ways to react to signals of the energy industry without interrupting the energy supply.
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Speich, John E., Atheer M. Almasri, Hersch Bhatia, Adam P. Klausner, and Paul H. Ratz. "Adaptation of the length-active tension relationship in rabbit detrusor." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 297, no. 4 (October 2009): F1119—F1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00298.2009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies have shown that the length-tension ( L-T) relationships in airway and vascular smooth muscles are dynamic and can adapt to length changes over a period of time. Our prior studies have shown that the passive L-T relationship in rabbit detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) is also dynamic and that DSM exhibits adjustable passive stiffness (APS) characterized by a passive L-T curve that can shift along the length axis as a function of strain history and activation history. The present study demonstrates that the active L-T curve for DSM is also dynamic and that the peak active tension produced at a particular muscle length is a function of both strain and activation history. More specifically, this study reveals that the active L-T relationship, or curve, does not have a unique peak tension value with a single ascending and descending limb, but instead reveals that multiple ascending and descending limbs can be exhibited in the same DSM strip. This study also demonstrates that for DSM strips not stretched far enough to reveal a descending limb, the peak active tension produced by a maximal KCl-induced contraction at a short, passively slack muscle length of 3 mm was reduced by 58.6 ± 4.1% ( n = 1 5) following stretches to and contractions at threefold the original muscle length, 9 mm. Moreover, five subsequent contractions at the short muscle length displayed increasingly greater tension; active tension produced by the sixth contraction was 91.5 ± 9.1% of that produced by the prestretch contraction at that length. Together, these findings indicate for the first time that DSM exhibits length adaptation, similar to vascular and airway smooth muscles. In addition, our findings demonstrate that preconditioning, APS and adaptation of the active L-T curve can each impact the maximum total tension observed at a particular DSM length.
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Shao, Donghao, Zhouyi Wang, Aihong Ji, Zhendong Dai, and Poramate Manoonpong. "A gecko-inspired robot with CPG-based neural control for locomotion and body height adaptation." Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 17, no. 3 (April 18, 2022): 036008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/ac5a3c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Today’s gecko-inspired robots have shown the ability of omnidirectional climbing on slopes with a low centre of mass. However, such an ability cannot efficiently cope with bumpy terrains or terrains with obstacles. In this study, we developed a gecko-inspired robot (Nyxbot) with an adaptable body height to overcome this limitation. Based on an analysis of the skeletal system and kinematics of real geckos, the adhesive mechanism and leg structure design of the robot were designed to endow it with adhesion and adjustable body height capabilities. Neural control with exteroceptive sensory feedback is utilised to realise body height adaptability while climbing on a slope. The locomotion performance and body adaptability of the robot were tested by conducting slope climbing and obstacle crossing experiments. The gecko robot can climb a 30° slope with spontaneous obstacle crossing (maximum obstacle height of 38% of the body height) and can climb even steeper slopes (up to 60°) without an obstacle or bump. Using 3D force measuring platforms for ground reaction force analysis of geckos and the robot, we show that the motions of the developed robot driven by neural control and the motions of geckos are dynamically comparable. To this end, this study provides a basis for developing climbing robots with adaptive bump/obstacle crossing on slopes towards more agile and versatile gecko-like locomotion.
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Nidikara; Giosia Pele Widjaja, Alifi Diptya. "AN ARCHITECTURAL ADAPTATION STRATEGY FOR THE DYNAMICS OF THE KAHAYAN RIVER’S WATER LEVEL AT KAMPUNG PAHANDUT, PALANGKA RAYA CITY." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 1, no. 04 (October 18, 2017): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v1i04.2751.379-398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract- Kalimantan (Borneo) is famous as the island of a Pulau Seribu due to the large number of rivers that run across its cities. One of the longest is the Kahayan river that flows through the city of Palangka Raya. The river as an important aspect in Kalimantan people’s life has made it the starting point for the embryo of a city in the form of river side dwellings that keeps on developing amidst the dynamics of the Kahayan river that undergoes a high degree of change in terms of water level during the dry and rainy seasons. The issue that arises is the addition and loss of space due to the changes of the river water level. The purpose of this research is to describe the adaptation strategies used by the writer in Kampung Pahandut that is unique when compared other kampongs (villages) due to its condition of having dry and flooded streets in the dwelling area. This research is qualitative in nature, employing the narrative descriptive method. The data collection technique uses purposive sampling to collect the physical and activity data. The physical and activity data were gained through a survey of the research object as well as picture taking, field observation, as well as the medium ofinterviews conducted with the Kampung Pahandut villagers. The data was then processed by classifying the numerous changes that had happened in both physical and activity-related terms as well as analyzing and concluding the adaptation strategies. It was found that in Kampung Pahandut there were both physical and activity-related changes as efforts to accommodate its people to enable them to survive the dry and flooding condition due to the changes of the river water level. Within these efforts there was also architectural adaptation based on the study consisting of three adaptation strategies, namely: being adjustable, refittable, and movable. Keywords: architectural adaptation, changes in water level, Kahayan River, Kampung Pahandut
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Tsipis, Athanasios, Asterios Papamichail, George Koufoudakis, Georgios Tsoumanis, Spyros E. Polykalas, and Konstantinos Oikonomou. "Latency-Adjustable Cloud/Fog Computing Architecture for Time-Sensitive Environmental Monitoring in Olive Groves." AgriEngineering 2, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 175–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering2010011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The emerging and vast adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has sprung a plethora of research works regarding the potential benefits in smart agriculture. A popular implementation involves the deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which embed low energy consumption sensory nodes to capture the critical environmental parameters prevailing on the farms. However, to manage the ever-increasing volumes of raw data successfully, new approaches must be explored. Under this scope, current work reports on the design and development of an IoT system, having in mind the case of olive groves, which are considered the dominant sector for agricultural activity in the Mediterranean Basin. The system incorporates the cloud/fog computing paradigm to equip the olive growers with a low-cost solution for accurate, reliable, and almost real-time monitoring of their crops. Its core is based on a three-layered network architecture, capable of dynamically balancing the generated load, by pushing cloud-elastic resources to the underlying fog network. As such, the premise of the approach lies in the conforming character of the system that allows for targeted alterations to its operational functionality to meet stringent latency and traffic load environmental monitoring constraints. To evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture, a demo prototype is developed and deployed in the facilities of the Ionian University. Experimental results illustrate the efficiency, flexibility, and scalability of the approach in terms of latency, achieving response time reduction across all platforms, a subject of the utmost importance when it comes to precision agriculture of the future. Moreover, it is shown that the system is capable of dynamic functionality adaptation, to meet network traffic load constraints, achieving high throughput (on average 95%) and addressing potential environmental dangers to olive oil production.
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Witsø, Eivind, Tomm Kristensen, Pål Benum, Svein Sivertsen, Leif Persen, Are Funderud, Tordis Magne, Hans Petter Aursand, and Arild Aamodt. "Improved Comfort and Function of Arm Prosthesis After Implantation of a Humerus-T-Prosthesis in Trans-Humeral Amputees." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 30, no. 3 (December 2006): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640600605013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of arm prosthesis in trans-humeral amputees is limited; due to the cone form of the amputation stump. A Humerus-T-Prosthesis was implanted in three patients to create artificial humerus condyles. Two of the patients were successfully rehabilitated with the application of a new type trans-humeral arm prosthesis. This arm prosthesis had a socket which is suspended and stabilized by the humerus and implant only. Traction and rotational stability were secured by adjustable pressure adaptation around the artificial condyles. The third patient developed a pressure wound over the lateral part of the artificial condyle that later healed. He also was subject to a new trauma with a fracture of the ipsilateral scapula and until now has had limited the use of his new arm prosthesis. It was concluded that this new concept for prosthesis fitting of trans-humeral amputees looks promising, but alternative designs of the implant should be tested.
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Yuan, Zhengnan, Pengcheng Fu, Guangshuai Lu, and Pengfei Cao. "Wireless power transfer system based on frequency and impedance matching hybrid adjustment against system detuning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2108, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract System detuning caused by a variation in the distance between the transmitting and receiving terminals can greatly reduce the transmission power and efficiency of a magnetic resonance-coupled wireless power transmission (WPT) system, which limits the WPT application scope. This paper proposes a magnetic resonance coupling wireless power transmission system, which is based on jointly and continuously adjustable frequency compensation (CAFC) and two-transistor-controlled variable capacitor circuits (TCVCs). Therefore, this system can reach the resonant state by using CAFC and two-TCVCs when the transmission distance is changed. The proposed system can adaptively adjust combinations of the operating frequency and equivalent compensation capacitor’s capacitance to achieve impedance matching avoiding the phase difference caused by the imaginary part of the impedance, thus maintaining stable transmission efficiency under the condition of transmission distance variation. Compared to the traditional magnetic coupled resonant circuit based on impedance matching or variable resonant frequency, the proposed system achieves higher efficiency and stability and dynamic distance adaptation.
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Čichoň, Rostislav, Adam Maszczyk, Petr Stastny, Petr Uhlíř, Miroslav Petr, Ondřej Doubrava, Aleksandra Mostowik, Artur Gołaś, Paweł Cieszczyk, and Piotr Żmijewski. "Effects of Krankcycle Training on Performance and Body Composition in Wheelchair Users." Journal of Human Kinetics 48, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractInnovation in training equipment is important for increasing training effectiveness, performance and changes in body composition, especially in wheelchair users with paraplegia. The main objective of a workout session is to induce an adaptation stimulus, which requires overload of involved muscles by voluntary effort, yet this overload may be highly influenced by the size of the spinal cord lesion. Krancykl construction is designed to allow exercise on any wheelchair and with adjustable height or width of crank handles, where even the grip handle may be altered. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in body composition, performance and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in paraplegics with a different level of paralyses after a 12 week training programme of a unilateral regime on Krankcycle equipment (a crank machine). The study sample included four men and one women at a different spine lesion level. The 12 weeks programme was successfully completed by four participants, while one subject got injured during the intervention process. Three participants were paraplegics and one was quadriplegic with innervation of the biceps humeri, triceps humeri and deltoideus. The Krankcycle 30 min programme was followed by four other exercises, which were performed after themselves rather than in a circuit training manner as the latter would result in much longer rest periods between exercises, because paraplegics have to be fixed by straps during exercise on hydraulic machines. The RPE after the workout decreased following the twelve week adaptation period.
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Rudy, Vladimír, and Andrea Lešková. "Concept to Support the Flexibility of Manufacturing System through Reconfigurable Structure Based on Modular Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 816 (November 2015): 536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.816.536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article deals about the challenges of structural changes in manufacturing conditions. The objective of this paper is to present the modular workstations concept based on miniaturization and re-configurability trends. The article is aimed at problems of designing of production systems with a modular construction structure. The modular structure allows an individual and flexible adaptation to varying requirements but also the realization of low-cost solutions for creation of new or modernized production base. The goal is to present the example of modular workstations solutions that correspond with new designing approach. The specification of basics principles, which should help to designing flexible manufacturing systems, discussed in this paper are: modularity; integrability; convertibility; diagnosability; customization. The theoretical part provides an overview of fundamental design principles in manufacturing structures. In the first part of this article are discussed the specification of basic flexibility types in production system and the main impacts influencing design of manufacturing structures. The closing section of the article provides the specification of example solution of adjustable production platform with modular frame (called desktop factory).
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Boubakir, Ahsene, Salim Labiod, Fares Boudjema, and Franck Plestan. "Design and experimentation of a self-tuning PID control applied to the 3DOF helicopter." Archives of Control Sciences 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 311–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acsc-2013-0019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The paper presents design and experimental validation of a stable self-tuning PID controller for three degrees of freedom (3-DOF) helicopter. At first, it is proposed a self-tuned proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for a class of uncertain second order multiinput multi-output nonlinear dynamic systems to which the 3-DOF helicopter dynamic model belongs. Within this scheme, the PID controller is employed to approximate unknown ideal controller that can achieve control objectives. PID controller gains are the adjustable parameters and they are updated online with a stable adaptation mechanism designed to minimize the error between the unknown ideal controller and the used by PID controller. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is performed using Lyapunov approach. It is proven that all signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded. The proposed approach can be regarded as a simple and effective model-free control since the mathematical model of the system is assumed unknown. Experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
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Zorgani, Youssef Agrebi, Mabrouk Jouili, Yassine Koubaa, and Mohamed Boussak. "A Very-Low-Speed Sensorless Control Induction Motor Drive with Online Rotor Resistance Tuning by Using MRAS Scheme." Power Electronics and Drives 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2018-0021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A sensorless indirect stator-flux-oriented control (ISFOC) induction motor drive at very low frequencies is presented herein. The model reference adaptive system (MRAS) scheme is used to estimate the speed and the rotor resistance simultaneously. However, the error between the reference and the adjustable models, which are developed in the stationary stator reference frame, is used to drive a suitable adaptation mechanism that generates the estimates of speed and the rotor resistance from the stator voltage and the machine current measurements. The stator flux components in the stationary reference frame are estimated through a pure integration of the back electro-motive force (EMF) of the machine. When the machine is operated at low speed, the pure integration of the back EMF introduces an error in flux estimation which affects the performance torque and speed control. To overcome this problem, pure integration is replaced with a programmable cascaded low-pass filter (PCLPF). The stability analysis method of the MRAS estimator is verified in order to show the robustness of the rotor resistance variations. Experimental results are presented to prove the effectiveness and validity of the proposed scheme of sensorless ISFOC induction motor drive.
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Khalifa, Khaled Ben, Ahmed Ghazi Blaiech, Mehdi Abadi, and Mohamed Hedi Bedoui. "New Hardware Architecture for Self-Organizing Map Used for Color Vector Quantization." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 01 (March 15, 2019): 2050002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we present a new generic architectural approach of a Self-Organizing Map (SOM). The proposed architecture, called the Diagonal-SOM (D-SOM), is described as an Hardware–Description-Language as an intellectual property kernel with easily adjustable parameters.The D-SOM architecture is based on a generic formalism that exploits two levels of the nested parallelism of neurons and connections. This solution is therefore considered as a system based on the cooperation of a distributed set of independent computations. The organization and structure of these calculations process an oriented data flow in order to find a better treatment distribution between different neuroprocessors. To validate the D-SOM architecture, we evaluate the performance of several SOM network architectures after their integration on a Xilinx Virtex-7 Field Programmable Gate Array support. The proposed solution allows the easy adaptation of learning to a large number of SOM topologies without any considerable design effort. [Formula: see text] SOM hardware is validated through FPGA implementation, where temporal performance is almost twice as fast as that obtained in the recent literature. The suggested D-SOM architecture is also validated through simulation on variable-sized SOM networks applied to color vector quantization.
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Zemp, Roland, William R. Taylor, and Silvio Lorenzetti. "In VivoSpinal Posture during Upright and Reclined Sitting in an Office Chair." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/916045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasing numbers of people spend the majority of their working lives seated in an office chair. Musculoskeletal disorders, in particular low back pain, resulting from prolonged static sitting are ubiquitous, but regularly changing sitting position throughout the day is thought to reduce back problems. Nearly all currently available office chairs offer the possibility to alter the backrest reclination angles, but the influence of changing seating positions on the spinal column remains unknown. In an attempt to better understand the potential to adjust or correct spine posture using adjustable seating, five healthy subjects were analysed in an upright and reclined sitting position conducted in an open, upright MRI scanner. The shape of the spine, as described using the vertebral bodies’ coordinates, wedge angles, and curvature angles, showed high inter-subject variability between the two seating positions. The mean lumbar, thoracic, and cervical curvature angles were29±15°,-29±4°, and13±8° for the upright and33±12°,-31±7°, and7±7° for the reclined sitting positions. Thus, a wide range of seating adaptation is possible through modification of chair posture, and dynamic seating options may therefore provide a key feature in reducing or even preventing back pain caused by prolonged static sitting.
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Khort, Dmitriy, Alexey Kutyrev, and Rostislav Filippov. "Automated unit for magnetic pulse processing of strawberries." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 07024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128507024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the developed automated unit for magnetic pulse processing of strawberries. To maintain the required magnetic induction value in the impact zone, the unit design provides for the possibility of changing the position of the working bodies in the vertical and horizontal planes in an automated mode. The unit includes a device for magnetic pulse treatment of plants, magnetic inductors, a control unit for the system of adaptation of working bodies and a program for controlling operating modes. As a result of field studies, it was found that in order to obtain the required value of magnetic induction in the processing zone at a pulse repetition frequency from 1 to 64 Hz and a magnetic induction of 0.3-15 MT, it is necessary to ensure a distance between the working organs and plants from 10 to 250 mm. The required design parameters of the unit that allow for magnetic pulse processing on strawberry plantings with a row spacing of 0.3-1.5 m are determined: the width of the gripper, adjustable 1.6-3.6 m, the tilt adjustment of the working bodies in the vertical direction from 0 to 90.
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Sharipov, V. M., A. Yu Izmaylov, A. S. Dorokhov, R. S. Fedotkin, V. A. Kryuchkov, M. Yu Esenovskiy-Lashkov, and E. V. Ovchinnikov. "Creating a domestic caterpillar tractor for modern agricultural production." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The generated deficit in the last decades of universal tractors and tractors for the arable farming which belongs to the class 2…3, produced during the times of the USSR in the countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, as well as the problems of agricultural production created conditions for intensive expansion by foreign companies which are actively conquering the domestic market. However, the foreign samples have a high cost with a low adaptation to the conditions of the regions of the Russian Federation and the lack of proper service maintenance. The question of the necessity to create the domestic universal caterpillar tractor was raised in the article, and the prerequisites for its creation are propounded. The necessity to expand the scope of application the tractor was discussed. The tractor’s potential competitive advantages in comparison with foreign analogues are pointed out, including the aggregation with a wide range of machines and implements, adjustable track, the ability to move along the different types of roads, improved maneuverability, economy and environmental friendliness, the possibility of stepless speed regulation and etc. The assumed technical solutions for the main units and systems of the tractor are described, including a power unit with an adaptation system for operation on liquefied hydrocarbon gas; transmission, containing a full-flow hydrostatic transmission or a double-flow hydrovolume-mechanical transmission with the drive to each side, as well as the drive of power takeoff shafts (front, rear and side); frame; all-season ecologically safe caterpillar chassis with rubber-reinforced tracks and elements of the caterpillar track on the basis of polymer-composite materials; a modern and comfortable cabin with a steering column. The prospective indicators of economic efficiency from the application of the tractor, as well as the prospects of further equipping the tractor with remote and autonomous control systems are pointed out.
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Kahle, Kristopher T., and Eric Delpire. "Kinase-KCC2 coupling: Cl− rheostasis, disease susceptibility, therapeutic target." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00865.2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The intracellular concentration of Cl− ([Cl−]i) in neurons is a highly regulated variable that is established and modulated by the finely tuned activity of the KCC2 cotransporter. Despite the importance of KCC2 for neurophysiology and its role in multiple neuropsychiatric diseases, our knowledge of the transporter's regulatory mechanisms is incomplete. Recent studies suggest that the phosphorylation state of KCC2 at specific residues in its cytoplasmic COOH terminus, such as Ser940 and Thr906/Thr1007, encodes discrete levels of transporter activity that elicit graded changes in neuronal Cl− extrusion to modulate the strength of synaptic inhibition via Cl−-permeable GABAA receptors. In this review, we propose that the functional and physical coupling of KCC2 to Cl−-sensitive kinase(s), such as the WNK1-SPAK kinase complex, constitutes a molecular “rheostat” that regulates [Cl−]i and thereby influences the functional plasticity of GABA. The rapid reversibility of (de)phosphorylation facilitates regulatory precision, and multisite phosphorylation allows for the control of KCC2 activity by different inputs via distinct or partially overlapping upstream signaling cascades that may become more or less important depending on the physiological context. While this adaptation mechanism is highly suited to maintaining homeostasis, its adjustable set points may render it vulnerable to perturbation and dysregulation. Finally, we suggest that pharmacological modulation of this kinase-KCC2 rheostat might be a particularly efficacious strategy to enhance Cl− extrusion and therapeutically restore GABA inhibition.
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Mardianto, Abigael, and Martin Halim. "STRATEGI ADAPTASI KAMPUNG TERHADAP KENAIKAN AIR LAUT DAN PENURUNAN TANAH DI MUARA ANGKE." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i2.12335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta, is the world’s fastest sinking city, especially the Northern part with an average land surface of more than 1.5 metres below sea level. Research shows that about 95% of North Jakarta will be 4 metres or far more below sea level by 2050. Sinking land jeopardises the Angke Estuary community since people lose their homes and livelihoods. Additionally, the mangrove forests in the coastal areas are home to many flora and fauna and now at risk due to drowning. Therefore, innovation in building structure would potentially mitigate instead of remediating the current issues. The design method used in literature and precedent studies, adaptation, and modular design become the basis of building design. A Telescopic column is an adjustable-floating system made out of recycled gallon plastic containers. It is an innovative and clean approach because of its sustainability towards climate change and environmentally friendly by utilising recycled material. The floating feature enables the building to adapt to sea-level fluctuations (e.g. high - low tides). This project aims to provide better living areas for the marginal communities of Angke Estuary whilst restore the coastal ecosystems. Keywords: Adaptive; coastal ecosystem; mangrove; Muara Angke; residential needsAbstrak Jakarta menjadi kota yang paling cepat tenggelam di dunia, khususnya area Jakarta Utara dengan rata-rata permukaan tanah sudah berada lebih dari 1,5 m di bawah permukaan laut. Penelitian menunjukan bahwa di tahun 2050 95% area Jakarta Utara akan berada lebih dari 4m dibawah permukaan laut. Dengan melihat permasalahan tersebut rumah dan mata pencaharian warga Muara Angke, Jakarata Utara sedang dan semakin tenggelam. Selain itu ekosistem pesisir yang merupakan hutan mangrove, rumah untuk banyak jenis flora dan fauna juga terancam tenggelam. Kebutuhan akan bentuk bangunan baru yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan ini secara menyeluruh bukan sementara seperti tanggul-tanggul yang dibangun oleh pemerintah saat ini. Metode perancangan yang digunakan melalui studi litelatur, studi presenden, adaptasi, dan modular menjadi dasar dari desain bangunan. Strategi desain yang sesuai dengan cara hidup masnyarakat Muara Angke dan adaptif terhadap kenaikan air laut dengan menggunakan teknologi struktur kombinasi kolom teleskopik yang adjustable dan platform apung terbuat dari daur ulang galon plastik menjadikan lingkungan tahan terhadap perubahan iklim. Bangunan dapat menyesuaikan dengan berbagai fase kenaikan air laut yaitu pada saat pasang,surut dan tenggelam. Proyek ini bertujuan memberikan hunian yang adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim serta mengembalikan keseimbangan ekosistem pesisir Muara Angke.
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Ye, Changlong, Yunfei Zang, Suyang Yu, and Chunying Jiang. "Structure design and optimization of ground moving and pole climbing inspection robot." Assembly Automation 42, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-12-2021-0168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a multipurpose inspection robot that can both walk on the ground and climb on poles. The structure design, size optimization, kinematics analysis, experiment and arithmetic of the robot are discussed in the paper. Design/methodology/approach The robot consists of three adjustable modules and a two-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism in tandem, and the wheel-finger mechanism of each module can realize wheel-finger opening and closing for fast movement and obstacle crossing. This paper uses geometric analysis and simulation analysis to derive size optimization, and vector coordinate method to derive kinematics. Finally, the experiment is carried out by simulating the working environment of the robot. Findings The robot can realize ground walking and ground turning through the robot entity prototype experiment on the built working environment and efficiently realize 0°–90° pole climbing by the assemble design, optimization and machining. In addition, the robot can also smoothly complete the state transition process from 0° ground to 90° pole climbing. Furthermore, the robot shows good environmental self-adaptation and can complete daily inspection work. Originality/value The robot can pitch and yaw at a large angle and has six-legged characteristics. It is a multipurpose inspection robot that can walk on the ground and climb on poles. And through structure design, size optimization, kinematics analysis and simulation, the existing robots’ common shortcomings such as poor barrier-crossing ability and poor environmental adaptability are solved.
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Sidorenko, V. S., V. I. Grishchenko, S. V. Rakulenko, M. S. Poleshkin, and D. D. Dymochkin. "Study on oil pilot circuit of adaptive hydraulic drive of tool advance in mobile drilling machine." Vestnik of Don State Technical University 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/1992-5980-2019-19-1-13-23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. An adaptive hydraulic drive of the tool advance in a mobile drilling machine is studied on the example of the URB-2.5 installation. A typical technological cycle of the mobile drilling machine is considered; the performance criteria are defined. An original design of the adaptive hydraulic drive is proposed on the basis of the analysis. Adaptation of the hydraulic drive of the tool advance is carried out using an adjustable volumetric hydraulic motor with a hydraulic control circuit under discontinuous loads on the tool during the drilling process.Materials and Methods. Through a preliminary computational experiment in the Matlab Simulink program, the following parameters of the control loop devices were determined: a hydromechanical sensor and a hydraulically controlled valve, on the basis of which the experimental setup was implemented. The performed multifactor experiment allowed identifying the processes in the original hydraulic control circuit of the hydraulic motor under various modes of tool loading.Research Results. The kinematic and power characteristics of the hydromechanical system of a mobile drilling rig, the hydraulic control effect on the settings of the hydraulic control circuit devices were obtained and determined. The results enabled to specify the rational ranges of the hydromechanical system operation for a typical work cycle.Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained can be used to create hydraulic systems of new drilling machines with various characteristics. The application of the developed techniques of research and processing of their results will reduce the time and costs involved in designing adaptive hydraulic systems for mobile technological machines, creating prototypes and conducting commissioning procedures.
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Bidabad, Bijan, and Mahshid Sherafati. "Bank Information Disclosure, Financial Transparency and Corporate Governance in Rastin Banking." International Journal of Shari'ah and Corporate Governance Research 2, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijscgr.v2i1.257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: This paper aims to define a set of banking operating regulations for financial transparency, corporate governance, and bank information disclosure.
Design: Bank governance, financial transparency, and information disclosure are amongst the most important solutions to attract public trust to financial and banking operations. In order to reach this goal, a new set of regulations should be designed to solve the problem. In this way, Rastin Banking regulations can provide a base to obtain a better information circulation and higher clarity.
Findings: A draft of regulations for financial transparency, governance, and bank information disclosure is presented in this paper, which can be employed as a basis for the codification of the respective law.
Research limitations: Since such kinds of regulations are novel for banks, they are required to be meticulously scrutinized in the first place, and after adaptation, adjustment, and performing the necessary modifications, the code of law can be codified.
Practical implications: Bank managers, through granting various concessions to themselves and their own stakeholders, have violated the rights of shareholders, depositors, and other stakeholders. This issue, through applying the governance methods, is adjustable to a great extent.
Social implications: This procedure is a model that can be adopted in other countries, especially those countries that have essential ambiguities in their banking and financial operations.
Value: Clearly, the lack of transparency in banking operations can gradually weaken the trust of depositors, stakeholders, and shareholders, and result in probable abuses and damages to all parties in the bank’s contracts. This article fulfills an identified need and solves the practical problem in financial abuses, corruption, and collusion, and can provide positive and essential effects on creating public trust in financial operations.
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Green, Jordan R., Christopher A. Moore, Jacki L. Ruark, Paula R. Rodda, WENDY T. Morvée, and Marcus J. Vanwitzenburg. "Development of Chewing in Children From 12 to 48 Months: Longitudinal Study of EMG Patterns." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 2704–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2704.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Green, Jordan R., Christopher A. Moore, Jacki L. Ruark, Paula R. Rodda, Wendy T. Morvée, and Marcus J. VanWitzenburg. Development of chewing in children from 12 to 48 months: longitudinal study of EMG patterns. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2704–2716, 1997. Developmental changes in the coordinative organization of masticatory muscles were examined longitudinally in four children over 49 experimental sessions spanning the age range of 12–48 mo. Electromyographic (EMG) records were obtained for right and left masseter muscles, right and left temporalis muscles, and the anterior belly of the digastric. Two independent analytic processes were employed, one that relied on identification of onset and offset of muscle activation and a second that used pairwise cross-correlational techniques. The results of these two analyses, which were found to be consistent with each other, demonstrated that the basic chewing pattern of reciprocally activated antagonistic muscle groups is established by 12 mo of age. Nevertheless, chewing efficiency appears to be improved through a variety of changes in the chewing pattern throughout early development. Coupling of activity among the jaw elevator muscles was shown to strengthen with maturation, and the synchrony of onset and offset of these muscles also increased. Coactivation of antagonistic muscles decreased significantly with development. This decrease in antagonistic coactivation and increase in synchrony among jaw elevators, and a parallel decrease in EMG burst duration, were taken as evidence of increased chewing efficiency. No significant differences in the frequency of chewing were found across the ages studied. Additional considerations include the appropriateness of this coordinative infrastructure for other developing oromotor skills, such as speech production. It is suggested that the relatively fixed coordinative framework for chewing exhibited by these children would not be suitable for adaptation to speech movements, which have been shown to rely on a much more variable and adjustable coordinative organization.
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Bidabad, Bijan, Azarang Amirostovar, and Mahshid Sherafati. "Financial transparency, corporate governance and information disclosure of the entrepreneur’s corporation in Rastin banking." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 636–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-01-2016-0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to define a set of operating regulations for financial transparency, corporate governance and information disclosure for the entrepreneur that applies to bank to receive financial resources. Design/methodology/approach Corporate governance, financial transparency and information disclosure are among the most important solutions to attract public trust to financial operations. To reach this goal, a new set of regulations must be designed to solve the problem. In this regard, Rastin Banking regulations can provide a base to obtain a better circulation of information and a higher clarity. Findings A draft of regulations for financial transparency, corporate governance and information disclosure was compiled, and it is presented here briefly in this paper, which can be used as a basis for codification of the respective law. Research limitations As such kinds of regulations are novel, they are required to be discussed first, and after adaptation, adjustment and performing the necessary modifications, the text of the law can be codified. Practical implications Banks and companies managers, through granting various concessions to themselves and their own stakeholders, have violated the rights of the shareholders, depositors and other stakeholders. This issue, to a great extent is adjustable by applying the governance methods. Social implications This procedure is a model and can be adopted in other countries, especially in countries that have large ambiguities in their banking and financial operations. Originality value Clearly, lack of transparency in financial operations can gradually weaken the trust of depositors, shareholders and stakeholders, and result in probable abuses and damages to all parties of banking contracts. This paper fulfils an identified need and solves the practical problem in financial abuses, corruption and collusion and can provide positive and important effects toward creating public trust in financial operations.
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Selivanov, N. I., V. V. Averyanov, and D. V. Ushtyk. "MODELING TRACTOR PARAMETERS AND TILLAGE UNITCONFIGURATION TAKINGINTO ACCOUNT THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AND PRODUCTION FACTORS." Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no. 9 (2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2021-203-09-119-126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research goal was to substantiate the model and the algorithm of forming the parameters of a wheeled trac-tor and the configurationof a tillage unit taking into account the natural and production conditions. To evaluate the in-fluence of natural and production conditions on the param-eters of the tractor and the unit configuration, three groups of factors were considered: the class of run length which determined the optimal value of the net productivity of the unit at a particular operation withminimal operating costs; characteristics of the draught resistance of the working machine which formed the optimal speed mode of unit op-eration; the indices of the drawbar pull and coupling prop-erties of the tractor which determined the conditions for effective functioning in the working mode. We substantiat-ed a computational model representing the response of a multidimensional dynamic system to external disturbances, setting and controlling actions which performed the trans-formation according to the input-output type. The interrela-tion of the input actions of different groups and the output parameters of the system were determined using the rea-sonable indices and optimization criteria. The adaptation to operating tillage technologies is determined by the nominal values of the working speed set according to the criterion of minimum energy consumption per unit of net productivity taking into account the restrictions on the drawbar pull and coupling properties of the tractor ensuring operation in the zone of maximum pulling efficiency. The adapters to the production conditions are specific ones referred to the unit of net productivity at nominal speed, the working width of the unit, the operating weight and the required power of the tractor. The product of specific indices by the optimum for a given run length and type of operation, the value of net productivity determines the parameters of the tractor and the unit configuration taking into account the influence of natural and production factors. The algorithm for optimizing parameters was developed; four rational standard sizes of wheeled tractors with an operating power of 135 to 310 kW with adjustable weight and unit configuration for technical support of tillage technologies in the main natural and cli-matic zones of operation were substantiated with an adap-tation coefficient of 0.978-0.987.
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Irfannuddin, Irfannuddin, Minarma Siagian, Sri Jusman, Jan Purba, Ermita Ilyas, and Nurhadi Ibrahim. "Hurdle Aerobic Exercise Increases Angiogenesis and Neuroplasticity in the Hippocampus and Improves the Spatial Memory Ability of Middle-aged Mice." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, A (July 30, 2020): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3840.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: Complex aerobic exercise is believed to induce positive effects on neuron structure and cognitive function. Long-term and continual cognitive stimulation increases neuroplasticity by stimulating the synthesis of neuronal growth proteins and the formation of new synapses. Exercise also increases the ability of neurons to survive and improves brain vascularization. Further investigations should be conducted to explore what types of aerobic exercise are beneficial for cognitive function.
AIM: This study investigated the effects of hurdle aerobic exercise on developmentally regulated brain protein-A (Drebrin-A) as a neuroplasticity indicator, and on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as an angiogenesis marker in the hippocampus.
METHODS: This study was an experimental study with post-test only control group design. Thirty-three adult mice were divided into control, hurdle aerobic runner (HAR), and plain aerobic runner (PAR) groups (n = 11 for each group). Fiberglass running wheels were originally designed and modified to assemble hurdles inside with adjustable speed. Speed adaptation was intended to achieve aerobic intensity. The experiment was performed 5 times a week for 8 weeks. The Morris water maze test (MWMT) was used to assess spatial memory ability. One day after the last running exercise and final MWMT, the mice were sacrificed and the right side of the hippocampus was obtained for Drebrin-A analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The entire right side brain tissue after hippocampus was removed then used for the neuroglobin ELISA assay. To analyze VEGF expression and calculation of blood vessel, the left side of the brain was prepared for hematoxylin eosin and immunohistochemistry staining. To assess the effect of exercise on vascular widening, the analysis of the slides was performed by calculating the percentage of blood vessels with diameters more than 15 μm. One-way ANOVA and Fisher’s least significant difference test was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the levels of Drebrin-A between the HAR and PAR groups. Both exercise groups had higher levels of Drebrin-A than the control group. HAR and PAR groups exhibited significantly higher percentages of blood vessels expressing VEGF in hippocampus compared to control. HAR and PAR groups had the higher percentages of larger vessels compare to control. There was no significant difference of neuroglobin levels among the three groups. Both the HAR and PAR groups exhibited better spatial memory than the control group.
CONCLUSION: Both aerobic exercises induced positive effects on brain angiogenesis, while the intensity of aerobic exercises did not result in high hypoxic stress in the brain.
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Muroya, Yusa, Jintana Meesungnoen, Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin, Abdelali Filali-Mouhim, Thomas Goulet, Yosuke Katsumura, and Samlee Mankhetkorn. "Radiolysis of liquid water: An attempt to reconcile Monte-Carlo calculations with new experimental hydrated electron yield data at early times." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 1367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A re-examination of our Monte-Carlo modeling of the radiolysis of liquid water by low linear-energy-transfer (LET ~ 0.3 keV µm1) radiation is undertaken herein in an attempt to reconcile the results of our simulation code with recently revised experimental hydrated electron (eaq) yield data at early times. The thermalization distance of subexcitation electrons, the recombination cross section of the electrons with their water parent cations prior to thermalization, and the branching ratios of the different competing mechanisms in the dissociative decay of vibrationally excited states of water molecules were taken as adjustable parameters in our simulations. Using a global-fit procedure, we have been unable to find a set of values for those parameters to simultaneously reproduce (i) the revised eaq yield of 4.0 ± 0.2 molecules per 100 eV at "time zero" (that is, a reduction of ~20% over the hitherto accepted value of 4.8 molecules per 100 eV), (ii) the newly measured eaq decay kinetic profile from 100 ps to 10 ns, and (iii) the time-dependent yields of the other radiolytic species H, OH, H2, and H2O2 (up to ~1 µs). The lowest possible limiting "time-zero" yield of eaq that we could in fact obtain, while ensuring an acceptable agreement between all computed and experimental yields, was ~4.4 to 4.5 molecules per 100 eV. Under these conditions, the mean values of the electron thermalization distance and of the geminate electroncation recombination probability, averaged over the subexcitation electron "entry spectrum," are found to be equal to ~139 Å and ~18%, respectively. These values are to be compared with those obtained in our previous simulations of liquid water radiolysis, namely ~88 Å and ~5.5%, respectively. Our average electron thermalization distance is also to be compared with the typical size (~6480 Å) of the initial hydrated electron distributions estimated in current deterministic models of "spur" chemistry. Finally, our average probability for geminate electroncation recombination agrees well with an estimated value of ~15% recently reported in the literature. In conclusion, this work shows that an adaptation of our calculations to a lower hydrated electron yield at early times is possible, but also suggests that the topic is not closed. Further measurements of the eaq yields at very short times are needed. Key words: liquid water, radiolysis, electroncation geminate recombination, electron thermalization distance, hydrated electron (eaq), eaq decay kinetics, time-dependent molecular and radical yields, Monte-Carlo simulations.