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1
Gorwood, Jennifer, Tina Ejlalmanesh, Christine Bourgeois, Matthieu Mantecon, Cindy Rose, Michael Atlan, Delphine Desjardins, et al. "SIV Infection and the HIV Proteins Tat and Nef Induce Senescence in Adipose Tissue and Human Adipose Stem Cells, Resulting in Adipocyte Dysfunction." Cells 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9040854.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Aging is characterized by adipose tissue senescence, inflammation, and fibrosis, with trunk fat accumulation. Aging HIV-infected patients have a higher risk of trunk fat accumulation than uninfected individuals—suggesting that viral infection has a role in adipose tissue aging. We previously demonstrated that HIV/SIV infection and the Tat and Nef viral proteins were responsible for adipose tissue fibrosis and impaired adipogenesis. We hypothesized that SIV/HIV infection and viral proteins could induce adipose tissue senescence and thus lead to adipocyte dysfunctions. Methods: Features of tissue senescence were evaluated in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues of SIV-infected macaques and in human adipose stem cells (ASCs) exposed to Tat or Nef for up to 30 days. Results: p16 expression and p53 activation were higher in adipose tissue of SIV-infected macaques than in control macaques, indicating adipose tissue senescence. Tat and Nef induced higher senescence in ASCs, characterized by higher levels of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, p16 expression, and p53 activation vs. control cells. Treatment with Tat and Nef also induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Prevention of oxidative stress (using N-acetyl-cysteine) reduced senescence in ASCs. Adipocytes having differentiated from Nef-treated ASCs displayed alterations in adipogenesis with lower levels of triglyceride accumulation and adipocyte marker expression and secretion, and insulin resistance. Conclusion: HIV/SIV promotes adipose tissue senescence, which in turn may alter adipocyte function and contribute to insulin resistance.
2
Schosserer, Markus, Johannes Grillari, Christian Wolfrum, and Marcel Scheideler. "Age-Induced Changes in White, Brite, and Brown Adipose Depots: A Mini-Review." Gerontology 64, no. 3 (December 7, 2017): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aging is a time-related process of functional decline at organelle, cellular, tissue, and organismal level that ultimately limits life. Cellular senescence is a state of permanent growth arrest in response to stress and one of the major drivers of aging and age-related disorders. Senescent cells accumulate with age, and removal of these cells delays age-related disorders in different tissues and prolongs healthy lifespan. One of the most studied aging mechanisms is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species damage in cells, organs, and organisms over time. Elevated oxidative stress is also found in metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and associated disorders. Moreover, dysregulation of the energy homeostasis is also associated with aging, and many age-related genes also control energy metabolism, with the adipose organ, comprising white, brite, and brown adipocytes, as an important metabolic player in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. This review summarizes transformations in the adipose organ upon aging and cellular senescence and sheds light on the reallocation of fat mass between adipose depots, on the metabolism of white and brown adipose tissue, on the regenerative potential and adipogenic differentiation capacity of preadipocytes, and on alterations in mitochondria and bioenergetics. In conclusion, the aging process is a lifelong, creeping process with gradual decline in (pre-)adipocyte function over time. Thus, slowing down the accumulation of (pre-)adipocyte damage and dysfunction, removal of senescent preadipocytes as well as blocking deleterious compounds of the senescent secretome are protective measures to maintain a lasting state of health at old age.
3
Caron, Martine, Martine Auclair, Anais Vissian, Corinne Vigouroux, and Jacqueline Capeau. "Contribution of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress to Cellular Premature Senescence Induced by Antiretroviral Thymidine Analogues." Antiviral Therapy 13, no. 1 (January 2008): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350801300103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives Treatment of HIV-infected patients is associated with early onset of aging-related comorbidities. Some of the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy have been attributed to the mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), and it is of note that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in the aging processes. In this regard, we examined whether NRTIs could accelerate the senescence of cultured cells. Methods Human fibroblasts were exposed to NRTIs from culture passage 1 to 14. Cytochrome c-oxidase (COX) subunits 2 and 4, mitochondrial potential and mass, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified at each passage. Proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, and morphology were assessed in parallel. Mitochondrial and senescence markers were assessed in cultured murine preadipocytes and in fat samples from lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients. Results Stavudine and zidovudine induced mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS levels in fibroblasts at early culture passages, while cell division gradually slowed. At passages 8–12, fibroblasts exposed to stavudine or zidovudine but not abacavir, didanosine, lamivudine and tenofovir were senescent, on the basis of p16INK4 and p21WAF-1 protein expression, cell morphology and senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity. Senescence markers and COX2 underexpression were also found in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes exposed for 7 weeks to stavudine or zidovudine, but not lamivudine, and in adipose tissue samples from lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral regimens containing stavudine or zidovudine. Conclusions Mitochondrial changes and oxidative damage could partly explain the premature senescence of fibroblasts and adipose cells induced by stavudine and zidovudine. This suggests that thymidine analogues might be involved in the early aging-related diseases observed in some HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral drugs.
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Kornicka, K., R. Walczak, A. Mucha, and K. Marycz. "Released from ZrO2/SiO2 coating resveratrol inhibits senescence and oxidative stress of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASC)." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (May 23, 2018): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe rapid aging of the population results in increased number of metabolic and degenerative disorders, especially in the elderly.Thus, a novel approach in the fields of orthopedic and reconstructive surgery for bone regeneration is strongly desirable. A new perspective in the therapy of bone fractures is tissue engineering which combines living cells with biomaterials to develop modern substitutes that can restore tissue functions. Metallic biomaterials, including stainless steel and pure titanium, have been extensively used for the fabrication of surgical implants over decades. Chemical modification of material surface for example incorporation of chemotactic factors may significantly improve the therapeutic effect. In this paper we describe titanium substrate modifications with ZrO2/SiO2 coating functionalized with resveratrol using a sol – gel, dip-coating technique. Moreover, we established the effects of fabricated scaffolds on adipose stem cells isolated from elderly patients. Using fluorescence imaging, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and cytotoxicity tests, we established that 0.5 Res_ZrO2/SiO2 significantly reduced apoptosis and accumulation of oxidative stress factors in adipose derived stem cells (ASC). Thus exploitation of fabricated biomaterials in regenerative medicine as a strategy for rejuvenate ASC from elderly patients in vivo, seems fully justified.
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Wang, Xiujuan, Rui Liu, Chan Wei, Meihong Xu, and Yong Li. "Exogenous Nucleotides Improved the Oxidative Stress and Sirt-1 Protein Level of Brown Adipose Tissue on Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone-8 (SAMP8) Mice." Nutrients 14, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 2796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is of great importance in rodents for maintaining their core temperature via non-shivering thermogenesis in the mitochondria. BAT′s thermogenic function has been shown to decline with age. The activation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase/sirtuin-1 (AMPK/Sirt-1) is effective in regulating mitochondrial function. Exogenous nucleotides (NTs) are regulatory factors in many biological processes. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), which is a derivative of NTs, is widely known as a Sirt-1 activator in liver and muscle, but the effect of NMN and NTs on aging BAT has not been studied before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of NTs on aging senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice. Senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice were set as the model control group and NMN was used as the positive control. Male, 3 month old SAMP8 mice were divided into the SAMP8-normal chow (SAMP8-NC), SAMP8-young-normal chow (SAMP8-young-NC), NMN, NTs-free, NTs-low, NTs-medium, and NTs-high groups for long-term feeding. After 9 months of intervention, interscapular BAT was collected for experiments. Compared to the SAMP8-NC, the body weight and BAT mass were significantly improved in the NT-treated aging SAMP8 mice. NT supplementation had effects on oxidative stress in BAT. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced and that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly. Meanwhile, the expression of the brown adipocyte markers uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactlvator-1α (PGC-1α), and PR domain zinc finger protein 16 (PRDM16) were upregulated. The upregulated proteins may be activated via the Sirt-1 pathway. Thus, NT supplementation may be helpful to improve the thermogenesis of BAT by reducing oxidative stress and activating the Sirt-1 pathway.
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Kornicka, Katarzyna, Krzysztof Marycz, Krzysztof Andrzej Tomaszewski, Monika Marędziak, and Agnieszka Śmieszek. "The Effect of Age on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Adipose Derived Stromal Stem Cells (hASCs) and the Impact of Stress Factors in the Course of the Differentiation Process." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2015 (2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/309169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human adipose tissue is a great source of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs), which are recognized for their vast therapeutic applications. Their ability to self-renew and differentiate into several lineages makes them a promising tool for cell-based therapies in different types of degenerative diseases. Thus it is crucial to evaluate age-related changes in hASCs, as the elderly are a group that will benefit most from their considerable potential. In this study we investigated the effect of donor age on growth kinetics, cellular senescence marker levels, and osteogenic and adipogenic potential of hASCs. It also has been known that, during life, organisms accumulate oxidative damage that negatively affects cell metabolism. Taking this into consideration, we evaluated the levels of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and superoxide dismutase activity. We observed that ROS and NO increase with aging, while SOD activity is significantly reduced. Moreover cells obtained from older patients displayed senescence associated features, for example,β-galactosidase activity, enlarged morphology, and p53 protein upregulation. All of those characteristics seem to contribute to decreased proliferation potential of those cells. Our results suggest that due to aging some cellular modification may be required before applying aged cells efficiently in therapies such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Lefranc, Clara, Malou Friederich-Persson, Fabienne Foufelle, Aurélie Nguyen Dinh Cat, and Frédéric Jaisser. "Adipocyte-Mineralocorticoid Receptor Alters Mitochondrial Quality Control Leading to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Senescence of Visceral Adipose Tissue." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062881.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression is increased in the adipose tissue (AT) of obese patients and animals. We previously demonstrated that adipocyte-MR overexpression in mice (Adipo-MROE mice) is associated with metabolic alterations. Moreover, we showed that MR regulates mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in the visceral AT of obese db/db mice. Our hypothesis is that adipocyte-MR overactivation triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence, through increased mitochondrial oxidative stress (OS). Using the Adipo-MROE mice with conditional adipocyte-MR expression, we evaluated the specific effects of adipocyte-MR on global and mitochondrial OS, as well as on OS-induced damage. Mitochondrial function was assessed by high throughput respirometry. Molecular mechanisms were probed in AT focusing on mitochondrial quality control and senescence markers. Adipo-MROE mice exhibited increased mitochondrial OS and altered mitochondrial respiration, associated with reduced biogenesis and increased fission. This was associated with OS-induced DNA-damage and AT premature senescence. In conclusion, targeted adipocyte-MR overexpression leads to an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics and regeneration, to mitochondrial dysfunction and to ageing in visceral AT. These data bring new insights into the MR-dependent AT dysfunction in obesity.
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Park, Jeong Seop, Jiyuan Piao, Gabee Park, and Hyun Sook Hong. "Substance-P Restores Cellular Activity of ADSC Impaired by Oxidative Stress." Antioxidants 9, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100978.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oxidative stress induces cellular damage, which accelerates aging and promotes the development of serious illnesses. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are novel cellular therapeutic tools and have been applied for tissue regeneration. However, ADSCs from aged and diseased individuals may be affected in vivo by the accumulation of free radicals, which can impair their therapeutic efficacy. Substance-P (SP) is a neuropeptide that is known to rescue stem cells from senescence and inflammatory attack, and this study explored the restorative effect of SP on ADSCs under oxidative stress. ADSCs were transiently exposed to H2O2, and then treated with SP. H2O2 treatment decreased ADSC cell viability, proliferation, and cytokine production and this activity was not recovered even after the removal of H2O2. However, the addition of SP increased cell viability and restored paracrine potential, leading to the accelerated repopulation of ADSCs injured by H2O2. Furthermore, SP was capable of activating Akt/GSK-3β signaling, which was found to be downregulated following H2O2 treatment. This might contribute to the restorative effect of SP on injured ADSCs. Collectively, SP can protect ADSCs from oxidant-induced cell damage, possibly by activating Akt/GSK-3β signaling in ADSCs. This study supports the possibility that SP can recover cell activity from oxidative stress-induced dysfunction.
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Valverde, Mahara, та Aarón Sánchez-Brito. "Sustained Activation of TNFα-Induced DNA Damage Response in Newly Differentiated Adipocytes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, № 19 (29 вересня 2021): 10548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910548.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The response to DNA damage is the mechanism that allows the interaction between stress signals, inflammatory secretions, DNA repair, and maintenance of cell and tissue homeostasis. Adipocyte dysfunction is the cellular trigger for various disease states such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, among many others. Previously, our group demonstrated that adipogenesis per se, from mesenchymal/stromal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (hASCs), involves an accumulation of DNA damage and a gradual loss of the repair capacity of oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, our objective was to identify whether healthy adipocytes differentiated for the first time from hASCs, when receiving inflammatory signals induced with TNFα, were able to persistently activate the DNA Damage Response and thus trigger adipocyte dysfunction. We found that TNFα at similar levels circulating in obese humans induce a sustained response to DNA damage response as part of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. This mechanism shows the impact of inflammatory environment early affect adipocyte function, independently of aging.
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Marycz, Krzysztof, Katarzyna Kornicka, Katarzyna Basinska, and Aleksandra Czyrek. "Equine Metabolic Syndrome Affects Viability, Senescence, and Stress Factors of Equine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells: New Insight into EqASCs Isolated from EMS Horses in the Context of Their Aging." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4710326.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), an endocrine disease linked to insulin resistance, affects an increasing number of horses. However, little is known about the effect of EMS on mesenchymal stem cells that reside in adipose tissue (ASC). Thus it is crucial to evaluate the viability and growth kinetics of these cells, particularly in terms of their application in regenerative medicine. In this study, we investigated the proliferative capacity, morphological features, and accumulation of oxidative stress factors in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from healthy animals (ASCN) and horses suffering from EMS (ASCEMS).ASCEMSdisplayed senescent phenotype associated withβ-galactosidase accumulation, enlarged cell bodies and nuclei, increased apoptosis, and reduced heterochromatin architecture. Moreover, we observed increased amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells, accompanied by reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. We also found inASCEMSan elevated number of impaired mitochondria, characterized by membrane raptures, disarrayed cristae, and vacuole formation. Our results suggest that the toxic compounds, accumulating in the mitochondria under oxidative stress, lead to alternations in their morphology and may be partially responsible for the senescent phenotype and decreased proliferation potential ofASCEMS.
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Kim, Yu-Hee, Kyung-Ah Cho, Minhwa Park, So-Youn Woo, and Kyung-Ha Ryu. "Conditioned medium from tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes adiponectin production." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 206.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.206.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and conditioned medium (MSC CM) are now considered to be a good source for the development of regenerative medicine. Previously, we reported that tonsil-derived MSC (T-MSC) CM produces visceral fat reducing effects. As reduction in visceral adiposity is closely related to the increase of adiponectin in circulation, we sought to extend our previous findings and explore the effects of T-MSC CM on adiponectin production. T-MSC CM was collected from previously isolated and characterized T-MSCs and injected into a senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6), which exhibits characteristics of aging and obesity. We observed reduction of mouse weight and epididymal adipose tissue (eAT) mass following injection of T-MSC CM. Significant increase in adiponectin expression in eAT and total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in circulation were determined in the T-MSC CM-injected mice compared to the control. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, T-MSC CM treatment increased adiponectin secretion and multimerization. Furthermore, glucose oxidase was used to induce oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and effects of T-MSC CM on the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress markers expression were observed. Restoration in the HMW adiponectin production was also shown which suggests that T-MSC CM may enhance adiponectin multimerization via amelioration in the oxidative stress. Further studies are guaranteed in a purpose of elucidation of anti-oxidants secreted from T-MSCs and these findings highlight the potential therapeutic relevance of T-MSC CM for treatment of obesity or obesity-related diseases. (NRF-2016R1A6A3A11933360)
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Zhou, C., Y. Q. Chen, Y. H. Zhu, G. F. Lin, L. F. Zhang, X. C. Liu, and F. M. He. "Antiadipogenesis and Osseointegration of Strontium-Doped Implant Surfaces." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 7 (May 28, 2019): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519850574.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The decreased bone density and increased marrow adiposity that occur with aging may influence the outcome of dental implants. Strontium (Sr), an anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis, has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis but favors osteogenesis of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, little is known about the effects and mechanisms of local Sr release on adipogenesis during bone formation in aged bone. In this study, a potential dental implant material, Sr-doped titanium, was developed via a sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) method combined with a hydrothermal process. The effects of Sr-SLA on initial adhesion, proliferation, intracellular redox state, and adipogenic differentiation of senescent BMSCs were investigated. The in vitro results showed that Sr-SLA promoted spreading of senescent BMSCs via upregulation of the gene and protein expression of integrin β1. In addition, it was revealed that Sr-SLA could reduce intracellular oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species and oxygen radicals and increasing the content of glutathione peroxidase. More important, Sr-SLA suppressed lipid droplet production and adipokines expression via downregulation of transcription peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, thus inhibiting adipogenesis. Finally, the Sr-SLA implants were implanted in tibiae of aged (18-mo-old) Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 and 8 wk. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that Sr-SLA implants significantly enhanced osseointegration, and the inhibition effect on marrow adipose tissue formation was moderate. All these results suggest that due to the multiple functions produced by Sr, antiadipogenesis capability and rapid osseointegration were enhanced by the Sr-SLA coatings, which have potential application in dental implantation in the aged population.
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Bu, Huaije, Sophia Wedel, Maria Cavinato, and Pidder Jansen-Dürr. "MicroRNA Regulation of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2398696.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aging is a time-related process of functional deterioration at cellular, tissue, organelle, and organismal level that ultimately brings life to end. Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell growth arrest in response to cellular stress, is believed to be the driver of the aging process and age-related disorders. The free radical theory of aging, referred to as oxidative stress (OS) theory below, is one of the most studied aging promoting mechanisms. In addition, genetics and epigenetics also play large roles in accelerating and/or delaying the onset of aging and aging-related diseases. Among various epigenetic events, microRNAs (miRNAs) turned out to be important players in controlling OS, aging, and cellular senescence. miRNAs can generate rapid and reversible responses and, therefore, are ideal players for mediating an adaptive response against stress through their capacity to fine-tune gene expression. However, the importance of miRNAs in regulating OS in the context of aging and cellular senescence is largely unknown. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent advancements in the regulatory role of miRNAs in OS-induced cellular senescence.
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Zhang, Le, Philip J. Ebenezer, Kalavathi Dasuri, Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim, Joseph Francis, Nithya Mariappan, Zhanguo Gao, Jianping Ye, Annadora J. Bruce-Keller, and Jeffrey N. Keller. "Aging is associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress in adipose tissue: implications for adipose function." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 301, no. 4 (October 2011): E599—E607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00059.2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a part of aging there are known to be numerous alterations which occur in multiple tissues of the body, and the focus of this study was to determine the extent to which oxidative stress and hypoxia occur during adipose tissue aging. In our studies we demonstrate for the first time that aging is associated with both hypoxia (38% reduction in oxygen levels, Po2 21.7 mmHg) and increases reactive oxygen species in visceral fat depots of aging male C57Bl/6 mice. Interestingly, aging visceral fat depots were observed to have significantly less change in the expression of genes involved in redox regulation compared with aging subcutaneous fat tissue. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to the levels of hypoxia observed in aging adipose tissue was sufficient to alter multiple aspects of adipose biology inducing increased levels of in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and decreased lipid content. Taken together, these data demonstrate that hypoxia and increased levels of reactive oxygen species occur in aging adipose tissue, highlighting the potential for these two stressors as potential modulators of adipose dysfunction during aging.
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Nandita H, Manohar M, and Gowda DV. "Recent Review on Oxidative stress, Cellular senescence and Age-Associated Diseases." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 28, 2020): 1331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.1990.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is considered as the main factor of the Free Radical theory of aging over centuries and it indicates the pathophysiology of aging in mammals. ROS causes oxidative stress, which is a major component in the aging process of higher organisms. ROS also leads to many age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. ROS causes damage to most of the biological membranes that cause these chronic diseases. Enhanced ROS levels at the cellular level lead to cellular senescence. It is a stage of cells where growth arrest happens associated with the secretion of Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Senescence maintains tissue homeostasis, functions in normal development and restricts tumor development. In this regard, recent experimental evidence has shown that the genetic or pharmacological ablation of senescent cells extends the life span and improves the healthspan. Here, we review the cellular and molecular links between cellular senescence and aging and discuss the novel therapeutic avenues that this connection opens.
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Findeisen, Hannes M., Kevin J. Pearson, Florence Gizard, Yue Zhao, Hua Qing, Karrie L. Jones, Dianne Cohn, Elizabeth B. Heywood, Rafael de Cabo, and Dennis Bruemmer. "Oxidative Stress Accumulates in Adipose Tissue during Aging and Inhibits Adipogenesis." PLoS ONE 6, no. 4 (April 14, 2011): e18532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018532.
Повний текст джерела
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Woldhuis, Roy R., Maaike de Vries, Wim Timens, Maarten van den Berge, Marco Demaria, Brian G. G. Oliver, Irene H. Heijink, and Corry-Anke Brandsma. "Link between increased cellular senescence and extracellular matrix changes in COPD." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 319, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): L48—L60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00028.2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with features of accelerated aging, including cellular senescence, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix (ECM) changes. We propose that these features are particularly apparent in patients with severe, early-onset (SEO)-COPD. Whether fibroblasts from COPD patients display features of accelerated aging and whether this is also present in relatively young SEO-COPD patients is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine markers of aging in (SEO)-COPD-derived lung fibroblasts and investigate the impact on ECM. Aging hallmarks and ECM markers were analyzed in lung fibroblasts from SEO-COPD and older COPD patients and compared with fibroblasts from matched non-COPD groups ( n = 9–11 per group), both at normal culture conditions and upon Paraquat-induced senescence. COPD-related differences in senescence and ECM expression were validated in lung tissue. Higher levels of cellular senescence, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive cells (19% for COPD vs. 13% for control) and p16 expression, DNA damage (γ-H2A.X-positive nuclei), and oxidative stress ( MGST1) were detected in COPD compared with control-derived fibroblasts. Most effects were also different in SEO-COPD, with SA-β-gal-positive cells only being significant in SEO-COPD vs. matched controls. Lower decorin expression in COPD-derived fibroblasts correlated with higher p16 expression, and this association was confirmed in lung tissue. Paraquat treatment induced cellular senescence along with clear changes in ECM expression, including decorin. Fibroblasts from COPD patients, including SEO-COPD, display higher levels of cellular senescence, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. The association between cellular senescence and ECM expression changes may suggest a link between accelerated aging and ECM dysregulation in COPD.
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Kornicka, K., D. Nawrocka, A. Lis-Bartos, M. Marędziak, and K. Marycz. "Polyurethane–polylactide-based material doped with resveratrol decreases senescence and oxidative stress of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cell (ASCs)." RSC Advances 7, no. 39 (2017): 24070–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02334k.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of resveratrol (RES)-doped polyurethane (TPU)–polylactide (PLA) biomaterials on the senescence and oxidative stress factor of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for tissue engineering.
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Salmon, Ellen E., Jason J. Breithaupt, and George A. Truskey. "Application of Oxidative Stress to a Tissue-Engineered Vascular Aging Model Induces Endothelial Cell Senescence and Activation." Cells 9, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Clinical studies have established a connection between oxidative stress, aging, and atherogenesis. These factors contribute to senescence and inflammation in the endothelium and significant reductions in endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity in aged patients. Tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) recapitulate the structure and function of arteries and arterioles in vitro. We developed a TEBV model for vascular senescence and examined the relative influence of endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell senescence on vasoreactivity. Senescence was induced in 2D endothelial cell cultures and TEBVs by exposure to 100 µM H2O2 for one week to model chronic oxidative stress. H2O2 treatment significantly increased senescence in endothelial cells and mural cells, human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (hNDFs), as measured by increased p21 levels and reduced NOS3 expression. Although H2O2 treatment induced senescence in both the endothelial cells (ECs) and hNDFs, the functional effects on the vasculature were endothelium specific. Expression of the leukocyte adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was increased in the ECs, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation decreased. Vasoconstriction and endothelium-independent vasodilation were preserved despite mural cell senescence. The results suggest that the functional effects of vascular cell senescence are dominated by the endothelium.
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Maharajan, Nagarajan, Chitra Devi Ganesan, Changjong Moon, Chul-Ho Jang, Won-Keun Oh, and Gwang-Won Cho. "Licochalcone D Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence via AMPK Activation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased oxidative stress is a crucial factor for the progression of cellular senescence and aging. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of licochalcone D (Lico D) on oxidative stress-induced senescence, both in vitro and in vivo, and explore its potential mechanisms. Hydrogen peroxide (200 µM for double time) and D-galactose (D-Gal) (150 mg/kg) were used to induce oxidative stress in human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and mice, respectively. We performed the SA-β-gal assay and evaluated the senescence markers, activation of AMPK, and autophagy. Lico D potentially reduced oxidative stress-induced senescence by upregulating AMPK-mediated activation of autophagy in hBM-MSCs. D-Gal treatment significantly increased the expression levels of senescence markers, such as p53 and p21, in the heart and hippocampal tissues, while this effect was reversed in the Lico D-treated animals. Furthermore, a significant increase in AMPK activation was observed in both tissues, while the activation of autophagy was only observed in the heart tissue. Interestingly, we found that Lico D significantly reduced the expression levels of the receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the hippocampal tissue. Taken together, our findings highlight the antioxidant, anti-senescent, and cardioprotective effects of Lico D and suggest that the activation of AMPK and autophagy ameliorates the oxidative stress-induced senescence.
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Salmon, Adam, Roy Liu, Daniel Pulliam, and Arlan Richardson. "Depot-Specific Patterns in Adipose Tissue Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction during Aging." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 65 (November 2013): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.685.
Повний текст джерела
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Varesi, Angelica, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Lucrezia Irene Maria Campagnoli, Elisa Pierella, Gaia Bavestrello Piccini, Adelaide Carrara, Giovanni Ricevuti, Catia Scassellati, Cristian Bonvicini, and Alessia Pascale. "The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence." Antioxidants 11, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest occurring in response to stressful stimuli, such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oncogenic proteins. Although beneficial and protective in several physiological processes, an excessive senescent cell burden has been involved in various pathological conditions including aging, tissue dysfunction and chronic diseases. Oxidative stress (OS) can drive senescence due to a loss of balance between pro-oxidant stimuli and antioxidant defences. Therefore, the identification and characterization of antioxidant compounds capable of preventing or counteracting the senescent phenotype is of major interest. However, despite the considerable number of studies, a comprehensive overview of the main antioxidant molecules capable of counteracting OS-induced senescence is still lacking. Here, besides a brief description of the molecular mechanisms implicated in OS-mediated aging, we review and discuss the role of enzymes, mitochondria-targeting compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen non-protein molecules, minerals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids as antioxidant compounds with an anti-aging potential, therefore offering insights into innovative lifespan-extending approaches.
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Mechchate, Hamza, Aicha El Allam, Nasreddine El Omari, Naoufal El Hachlafi, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Polrat Wilairatana, Mohammad S. Mubarak, and Abdelhakim Bouyahya. "Vegetables and Their Bioactive Compounds as Anti-Aging Drugs." Molecules 27, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072316.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aging is a continuous process over time that is mainly related to natural alterations in mechanical–biological processes. This phenomenon is due to several factors, including the time and energy of biological processes. Aging can be attributed to biological factors such as oxidative stress, cell longevity, and stem cell senescence. Currently, aging is associated with several diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other diseases related to oxidative stress. In addition, certain natural molecules, including those derived from vegetables, have shown the ability to delay the aging process. Their effects are linked to different mechanisms of action, such as tissue regeneration and the activation of longevity and anti-senescence genes. The present work discusses the impact of vegetables, and bioactive compounds isolated from vegetables, against the physiological and pathological aging process and accompanying human diseases.
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Serino, Alexa, and Gloria Salazar. "Protective Role of Polyphenols against Vascular Inflammation, Aging and Cardiovascular Disease." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aging is a major risk factor in the development of chronic diseases affecting various tissues including the cardiovascular system, muscle and bones. Age-related diseases are a consequence of the accumulation of cellular damage and reduced activity of protective stress response pathways leading to low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Both inflammation and oxidative stress are major contributors to cellular senescence, a process in which cells stop proliferating and become dysfunctional by secreting inflammatory molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extracellular matrix components that cause inflammation and senescence in the surrounding tissue. This process is known as the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Thus, accumulation of senescent cells over time promotes the development of age-related diseases, in part through the SASP. Polyphenols, rich in fruits and vegetables, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities associated with protective effects against major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms by which polyphenols improve anti-oxidant capacity, mitochondrial function and autophagy, while reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). We also discuss the therapeutic potential of polyphenols in reducing the effects of the SASP and the incidence of CVD.
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Shen, Chieh-Yu, Cheng-Hsun Lu, Cheng-Han Wu, Ko-Jen Li, Yu-Min Kuo, Song-Chou Hsieh, and Chia-Li Yu. "Molecular Basis of Accelerated Aging with Immune Dysfunction-Mediated Inflammation (Inflamm-Aging) in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis." Cells 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 3402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disorder characterized by immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, and progressive tissue fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Moreover, increased cancer incidence and accelerated aging are also found. The increased cancer incidence is believed to be a result of chromosome instability. Accelerated cellular senescence has been confirmed by the shortening of telomere length due to increased DNA breakage, abnormal DNA repair response, and telomerase deficiency mediated by enhanced oxidative/nitrative stresses. The immune dysfunctions of SSc patients are manifested by excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-α, and TNF-α, which can elicit potent tissue inflammation followed by tissue fibrosis. Furthermore, a number of autoantibodies including anti-topoisomerase 1 (anti-TOPO-1), anti-centromere (ACA or anti-CENP-B), anti-RNA polymerase enzyme (anti-RNAP III), anti-ribonuclear proteins (anti-U1, U2, and U11/U12 RNP), anti-nucleolar antigens (anti-Th/T0, anti-NOR90, anti-Ku, anti-RuvBL1/2, and anti-PM/Scl), and anti-telomere-associated proteins were also found. Based on these data, inflamm-aging caused by immune dysfunction-mediated inflammation exists in patients with SSc. Hence, increased cellular senescence is elicited by the interactions among excessive oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and autoantibodies. In the present review, we will discuss in detail the molecular basis of chromosome instability, increased oxidative stress, and functional adaptation by deranged immunome, which are related to inflamm-aging in patients with SSc.
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Maharajan, Nagarajan, and Gwang-Won Cho. "Camphorquinone Promotes the Antisenescence Effect via Activating AMPK/SIRT1 in Stem Cells and D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice." Antioxidants 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121916.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Terpenoids are a wide class of secondary metabolites with geroprotective properties that can alter the mechanism of aging and aging-related diseases. Camphorquinone (CQ) is a bicyclic monoterpenoid compound that can be efficiently synthesized through the continuous bromination and oxidation reaction of camphor. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of CQ on oxidative-stress-induced senescence and its underlying mechanisms. To generate oxidative stress in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and mice, we used hydrogen peroxide (200 μM twice) and D-galactose (D-Gal) (150 mg/kg for 10 weeks), respectively. Our findings suggest that CQ potentially reduces senescence in hBM-MSCs and mouse heart tissue. In addition, we found that CQ boosted AMPK/SIRT1 activation and autophagy in both models. These results were subsequently verified in hBM-MSCs using compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) but AMPK inhibition by CC did not significantly reduce the SIRT1 and the autophagy markers. CQ treatment also reduced the gene expression of inflammation markers in D-Gal-induced aging mouse heart tissue. Furthermore, we determined that CQ fits all of the pharmacological parameters using the freely available SwissADME Web tool. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CQ possesses antisenescence and cardioprotective properties, and that oxidative-stress-induced senescence could be suppressed by AMPK/SIRT1 and autophagy mechanisms.
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Mas-Bargues, Cristina, Consuelo Borrás, and Jose Viña. "Bcl-xL as a Modulator of Senescence and Aging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041527.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many features of aging result from the incapacity of cells to adapt to stress conditions. When cells are overwhelmed by stress, they can undergo senescence to avoid unrestricted growth of damaged cells. Recent findings have proven that cellular senescence is more than that. A specific grade of senescence promotes embryo development, tissue remodeling and wound healing. However, constant stresses and a weakening immune system can lead to senescence chronicity with aging. The accumulation of senescent cells is directly related to tissue dysfunction and age-related pathologies. Centenarians, the most aged individuals, should accumulate senescent cells and suffer from their deleterious effects, however, they enjoy a compression of morbidity. We have shown that they overexpress B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL). Bcl-xL could avoid an excessive burden of senescent cells through the regulation of intrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress. On the other hand, Bcl-xL maintains a fully functional immune system that ensures an efficient clearance of senescent cells. Moreover, there is a paradox, as inhibitors of Bcl-xL have been employed as senolytic agents, which have been shown to protect from aging in animal models. In this review, we aim to discuss how Bcl-xL could modulate senescence-associated harmful effects in centenarians, protecting them from the burden of accumulation of senescent cells.
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Denu, Ryan A., and Peiman Hematti. "Effects of Oxidative Stress on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2989076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells present in most fetal and adult tissues.Ex vivoculture-expanded MSCs are being investigated for tissue repair and immune modulation, but their full clinical potential is far from realization. Here we review the role of oxidative stress in MSC biology, as their longevity and functions are affected by oxidative stress. In general, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibit MSC proliferation, increase senescence, enhance adipogenic but reduce osteogenic differentiation, and inhibit MSC immunomodulation. Furthermore, aging, senescence, and oxidative stress reduce theirex vivoexpansion, which is critical for their clinical applications. Modulation of sirtuin expression and activity may represent a method to reduce oxidative stress in MSCs. These findings have important implications in the clinical utility of MSCs for degenerative and immunological based conditions. Further study of oxidative stress in MSCs is imperative in order to enhance MSCex vivoexpansion andin vivoengraftment, function, and longevity.
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Fibbi, Benedetta, Giada Marroncini, Cecilia Anceschi, Laura Naldi, and Alessandro Peri. "Hyponatremia and Oxidative Stress." Antioxidants 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2021): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111768.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hyponatremia, i.e., the presence of a serum sodium concentration ([Na+]) < 136 mEq/L, is the most frequent electrolyte imbalance in the elderly and in hospitalized patients. Symptoms of acute hyponatremia, whose main target is the central nervous system, are explained by the “osmotic theory” and the neuronal swelling secondary to decreased extracellular osmolality, which determines cerebral oedema. Following the description of neurological and systemic manifestations even in mild and chronic hyponatremia, in the last decade reduced extracellular [Na+] was associated with detrimental effects on cellular homeostasis independently of hypoosmolality. Most of these alterations appeared to be elicited by oxidative stress. In this review, we focus on the role of oxidative stress on both osmolality-dependent and -independent impairment of cell and tissue functions observed in hyponatremic conditions. Furthermore, basic and clinical research suggested that oxidative stress appears to be a common denominator of the degenerative processes related to aging, cancer progression, and hyponatremia. Of note, low [Na+] is able to exacerbate multiple manifestations of senescence and to decrease progression-free and overall survival in oncologic patients.
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Lee, Jong-Sun, Yan Mo, Haiyun Gan, Rebecca J. Burgess, Darren J. Baker, Jan M. van Deursen, and Zhiguo Zhang. "Pak2 kinase promotes cellular senescence and organismal aging." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 27 (June 17, 2019): 13311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903847116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellular senescence defines an irreversible cell growth arrest state linked to loss of tissue function and aging in mammals. This transition from proliferation to senescence is typically characterized by increased expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p16INK4a and formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF). SAHF formation depends on HIRA-mediated nucleosome assembly of histone H3.3, which is regulated by the serine/threonine protein kinase Pak2. However, it is unknown if Pak2 contributes to cellular senescence. Here, we show that depletion of Pak2 delayed oncogene-induced senescence in IMR90 human fibroblasts and oxidative stress–induced senescence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), whereas overexpression of Pak2 accelerated senescence of IMR90 cells. Importantly, depletion of Pak2 in BubR1 progeroid mice attenuated the onset of aging-associated phenotypes and extended life span. Pak2 is required for expression of genes involved in cellular senescence and regulated the deposition of newly synthesized H3.3 onto chromatin in senescent cells. Together, our results demonstrate that Pak2 is an important regulator of cellular senescence and organismal aging, in part through the regulation of gene expression and H3.3 nucleosome assembly.
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Carpenter, Melissa, Laura Corrales-Diaz Pomatto, Jonathan Kato, Sarah Wong, Oye Bosompra, Michel Bernier, and Rafael de Cabo. "Uncovering the Molecular Underpinnings of Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2656.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The aging process is sexually dimorphic, with males having higher occurrence rates of cancer and facing a greater risk of mortality. Sexual dimorphism in the response to cellular damage may account for distinct phenotypic changes with age as they relate to the accumulation of cellular damage leading to cancer. Cellular senescence triggers permanent cell cycle arrest in order to protect against malignant growth. However, organismal senescence increases with age and is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory signals (cytokines, chemokines, and proteases) known as the ‘senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype’ (SASP) that, if unchecked, accelerates tissue damage and creates a microenvironment ripe for cancer development. In this study, we hypothesized that sexual disparities in mortality and cancer prevalence stems from differences in the rate of accumulation of senescent cells in mice. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed ad libitum or subjected to 30% calorie restriction, a nutritional intervention known to delay the onset of various cancers and prevent senescent cell accumulation. Primary skin fibroblasts were collected longitudinally to allow measurement of cell proliferation, wound healing and the release of SASP factors. The results indicate that when compared to males, fibroblasts of CR-fed females showed significant improvements in cell growth rate, wound healing and SASP markers vs. AL controls. Work is underway to determine how sex influences cellular protective pathways. Thus, like other cell processes, cellular senescence is unequal between males and females and CR delays the emergence of the senescence phenotype.
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Lettieri-Barbato, Daniele, Katia Aquilano, Carolina Punziano, Giuseppina Minopoli, and Raffaella Faraonio. "MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs, and Circular RNAs in the Redox Control of Cell Senescence." Antioxidants 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cell senescence is critical in diverse aspects of organism life. It is involved in tissue development and homeostasis, as well as in tumor suppression. Consequently, it is tightly integrated with basic physiological processes during life. On the other hand, senescence is gradually being considered as a major contributor of organismal aging and age-related diseases. Increased oxidative stress is one of the main risk factors for cellular damages, and thus a driver of senescence. In fact, there is an intimate link between cell senescence and response to different types of cellular stress. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) is not adequately detoxified by the antioxidant defense systems. Non-coding RNAs are endogenous transcripts that govern gene regulatory networks, thus impacting both physiological and pathological events. Among these molecules, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and more recently circular RNAs are considered crucial mediators of almost all cellular processes, including those implicated in oxidative stress responses. Here, we will describe recent data on the link between ROS/RNS-induced senescence and the current knowledge on the role of non-coding RNAs in the senescence program.
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Kim, Chongtae, Donghee Kang, Eun Kyung Lee, and Jae-Seon Lee. "Long Noncoding RNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins in Oxidative Stress, Cellular Senescence, and Age-Related Diseases." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2062384.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellular senescence is a complex biological process that leads to irreversible cell-cycle arrest. Various extrinsic and intrinsic insults are associated with the onset of cellular senescence and frequently accompany genomic or epigenomic alterations. Cellular senescence is believed to contribute to tumor suppression, immune response, and tissue repair as well as aging and age-related diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are >200 nucleotides long, poorly conserved, and transcribed in a manner similar to that of mRNAs. They are tightly regulated during various cellular and physiological processes. Although many lncRNAs and their functional roles are still undescribed, the importance of lncRNAs in a variety of biological processes is widely recognized. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have a pivotal role in posttranscriptional regulation as well as in mRNA transport, storage, turnover, and translation. RBPs interact with mRNAs, other RBPs, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) including lncRNAs, and they are involved in the regulation of a broad spectrum of cellular processes. Like other cell fate regulators, lncRNAs and RBPs, separately or cooperatively, are implicated in initiation and maintenance of cellular senescence, aging, and age-related diseases. Here, we review the current understanding of both lncRNAs and RBPs and their association with oxidative stress, senescence, and age-related diseases.
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Trnovska, Jaroslava, Petr Svoboda, Helena Pelantova, Marek Kuzma, Helena Kratochvilova, Barbora Judita Kasperova, Iveta Dvorakova, et al. "Complex Positive Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in the Liver, Kidney and Adipose Tissue of Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats: Possible Contribution of Attenuation of Cell Senescence and Oxidative Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 10606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910606.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
(1) Background: empagliflozin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is an effective antidiabetic agent with strong cardio- and nephroprotective properties. The mechanisms behind its cardio- and nephroprotection are still not fully clarified. (2) Methods: we used male hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats, a non-obese model of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction fed standard diet with or without empagliflozin for six weeks to explore the molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin effects. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics; quantitative PCR of relevant genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, or senescence; glucose and palmitic acid oxidation in isolated tissues and cell lines of adipocytes and hepatocytes were used. (3) Results: empagliflozin inhibited weight gain and decreased adipose tissue weight, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol. It also improved insulin sensitivity in white fat. NMR spectroscopy identified higher plasma concentrations of ketone bodies, ketogenic amino acid leucine and decreased levels of pyruvate and alanine. In the liver, adipose tissue and kidney, empagliflozin up-regulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and down-regulated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis along with reduction of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and cell senescence. (4) Conclusion: multiple positive effects of empagliflozin, including reduced cell senescence and oxidative stress, could contribute to its long-term cardio- and nephroprotective actions.
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Mau, Theresa, Martin O’Brien, Amiya K. Ghosh, Richard A. Miller, and Raymond Yung. "Life-span Extension Drug Interventions Affect Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Aging." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The National Institute on Aging (NIA)-sponsored Interventions Testing Program (ITP) has identified a number of dietary drug interventions that significantly extend life span, including rapamycin, acarbose, and 17-α estradiol. However, these drugs have diverse downstream targets, and their effects on age-associated organ-specific changes are unclear (Nadon NL, Strong R, Miller RA, Harrison DE. NIA Interventions Testing Program: investigating putative aging intervention agents in a genetically heterogeneous mouse model. EBioMedicine. 2017;21:3–4. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.038). Potential mechanisms by which these drugs extend life could be through their effect on inflammatory processes often noted in tissues of aging mice and humans. Our study focuses on the effects of three drugs in the ITP on inflammation in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) of HET3 mice—including adiposity, adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) M1/M2 polarization, markers of cellular senescence, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We found that rapamycin led to a 56% increase of CD45+ leukocytes in gWAT, where the majority of these are ATMs. Interestingly, rapamycin led to a 217% and 106% increase of M1 (CD45+CD64+CD206−) ATMs in females and males, respectively. Our data suggest rapamycin may achieve life-span extension in part through adipose tissue inflammation. Additionally, HET3 mice exhibit a spectrum of age-associated changes in the gWAT, but acarbose and 17-α estradiol do not strongly alter these phenotypes—suggesting that acarbose and 17- α estradiol may not influence life span through mechanisms involving adipose tissue inflammation.
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Hauck, Amy K., Tong Zhou, Ambuj Upadhyay, Yuxiang Sun, Michael B. O’Connor, Yue Chen, and David A. Bernlohr. "Histone Carbonylation Is a Redox-Regulated Epigenomic Mark That Accumulates with Obesity and Aging." Antioxidants 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oxidative stress is a hallmark of metabolic disease, though the mechanisms that define this link are not fully understood. Irreversible modification of proteins by reactive lipid aldehydes (protein carbonylation) is a major consequence of oxidative stress in adipose tissue and the substrates and specificity of this modification are largely unexplored. Here we show that histones are avidly modified by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in vitro and in vivo. Carbonylation of histones by 4-HNE increased with age in male flies and visceral fat depots of mice and was potentiated in genetic (ob/ob) and high-fat feeding models of obesity. Proteomic evaluation of in vitro 4-HNE- modified histones led to the identification of both Michael and Schiff base adducts. In contrast, mapping of sites in vivo from obese mice exclusively revealed Michael adducts. In total, we identified 11 sites of 4-hydroxy hexenal (4-HHE) and 10 sites of 4-HNE histone modification in visceral adipose tissue. In summary, these results characterize adipose histone carbonylation as a redox-linked epigenomic mark associated with metabolic disease and aging.
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Rivas, Melissa, Gayatri Gupta, Louis Costanzo, Huma Ahmed, Anne E. Wyman, and Patrick Geraghty. "Senescence: Pathogenic Driver in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Medicina 58, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as a disease of accelerated lung aging. Over the past two decades, mounting evidence suggests an accumulation of senescent cells within the lungs of patients with COPD that contributes to dysregulated tissue repair and the secretion of multiple inflammatory proteins, termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cellular senescence in COPD is linked to telomere dysfunction, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. This review gives an overview of the mechanistic contributions and pathologic consequences of cellular senescence in COPD and discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting senescence-associated signaling in COPD.
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Zhang, Yuang, Biao Yang, Jingkai Wang, Feng Cheng, Kesi Shi, Liwei Ying, Chenggui Wang, et al. "Cell Senescence: A Nonnegligible Cell State under Survival Stress in Pathology of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (August 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9503562.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) with increasing aging mainly manifests as low back pain (LBP) accompanied with a loss of physical ability. These pathological processes can be preliminarily interpreted as a series of changes at cellular level. In addition to cell death, disc cells enter into the stagnation with dysfunction and deteriorate tissue microenvironment in degenerative discs, which is recognized as cell senescence. During aging, many intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been proved to have strong connections with these cellular senescence phenomena. Growing evidences of these connections require us to gather up critical cues from potential risk factors to pathogenesis and relative interventions for retarding cell senescence and attenuating degenerative changes. In this paper, we try to clarify another important cell state apart from cell death in IDD and discuss senescence-associated changes in cells and extracellular microenvironment. Then, we emphasize the role of oxidative stress and epigenomic perturbations in linking risk factors to cell senescence in the onset of IDD. Further, we summarize the current interventions targeting senescent cells that may exert the benefits of antidegeneration in IDD.
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Chandra, Abhishek, and Jyotika Rajawat. "Skeletal Aging and Osteoporosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bone is a dynamic organ maintained by tightly regulated mechanisms. With old age, bone homeostasis, which is maintained by an intricate balance between bone formation and bone resorption, undergoes deregulation. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, cellular apoptosis, and cellular senescence are all responsible for this tissue dysfunction and the imbalance in the bone homeostasis. These cellular mechanisms have become a target for therapeutics to treat age-related osteoporosis. Genetic mouse models have shown the importance of senescent cell clearance in alleviating age-related osteoporosis. Furthermore, we and others have shown that targeting cellular senescence pharmacologically was an effective tool to alleviate age- and radiation-induced osteoporosis. Senescent cells also have an altered secretome known as the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which may have autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine function. The current review discusses the current and potential pathways which lead to a senescence profile in an aged skeleton and how bone homeostasis is affected during age-related osteoporosis. The review has also discussed existing therapeutics for the treatment of osteoporosis and rationalizes for novel therapeutic options based on cellular senescence and the SASP as an underlying pathogenesis of an aging bone.
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de Rijk, Mathijs M., Amanda Wolf-Johnston, Aura F. Kullmann, Stephanie Taiclet, Anthony J. Kanai, Sruti Shiva, and Lori A. Birder. "Aging-Associated Changes in Oxidative Stress Negatively Impacts the Urinary Bladder Urothelium." International Neurourology Journal 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.2142224.112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: Lower urinary tract symptoms are known to significantly increase with age, negatively impacting quality of life and self-reliance. The urothelium fulfills crucial tasks, serving as a barrier protecting the underlying bladder tissue from the harsh chemical composition of urine, and exhibits signaling properties via the release of mediators within the bladder wall that affect bladder functioning. Aging is associated with detrimental changes in cellular health, in part by increasing oxidative stress in the bladder mucosa, and more specifically the urothelium. This, in turn, may impact urothelial mitochondrial health and bioenergetics.Methods: We collected mucosal tissue samples from both young (3–4 months old) and aged (25–30 months old) rats. Tissue was evaluated for p21-Arc, nitrotyrosine, and cytochrome C expression by western immunoblotting. Urothelial cells were cultured for single-cell imaging to analyze basal levels of reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular respiration were investigated by the Seahorse assay, and measurements of adenosine triphosphate release were made using the luciferin-luciferase assay.Results: Aging was associated with a significant increase in biomarkers of cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and basal levels of reactive oxygen species. The mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly lower in urothelial cell cultures from aged animals, and cultures from aged animals showed a significant decrease in mitochondrial bioenergetics.Conclusions: Aging-related increases in oxidative stress and excessive reactive oxygen species may be contributing factors underlying lower urinary tract symptoms in older adults. The mechanisms outlined in this study could be utilized to identify novel pharmaceutical targets to improve aging-associated bladder dysfunction.
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Corrado, Addolorata, Daniela Cici, Cinzia Rotondo, Nicola Maruotti, and Francesco Paolo Cantatore. "Molecular Basis of Bone Aging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10 (May 23, 2020): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103679.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A decline in bone mass leading to an increased fracture risk is a common feature of age-related bone changes. The mechanisms underlying bone senescence are very complex and implicate systemic and local factors and are the result of the combination of several changes occurring at the cellular, tissue and structural levels; they include alterations of bone cell differentiation and activity, oxidative stress, genetic damage and the altered responses of bone cells to various biological signals and to mechanical loading. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these changes remain greatly unclear and many data derived from in vitro or animal studies appear to be conflicting and heterogeneous, probably due to the different experimental approaches; nevertheless, understanding the main physio-pathological processes that cause bone senescence is essential for the development of new potential therapeutic options for treating age-related bone loss. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of age-related bone changes.
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Qiu, Liqiang, Xiaoxiong Liu, Hao Xia, and Changwu Xu. "Downregulation of P300/CBP-Associated Factor Protects from Vascular Aging via Nrf2 Signal Pathway Activation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 12574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012574.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasing evidence has shown that vascular aging has a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) is involved in many vascular pathological processes, but the role of PCAF in vascular aging is unknown. This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of PCAF in vascular aging. The results demonstrated that the expression of PCAF was associated with age and aging, and remarkably increased expression of PCAF was present in human atherosclerotic coronary artery. Downregulation of PCAF could reduce angiotensin II (AngII)-induced senescence of rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. In addition, inhibition of PCAF with garcinol alleviated AngII-induced vascular senescence phenotype in mice. Downregulation of PCAF could alleviate AngII-induced oxidative stress injury in ECs and vascular tissue. Moreover, PCAF and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) could interact directly, and downregulation of PCAF alleviated vascular aging by promoting the activation of Nrf2 and enhancing the expression of its downstream anti-aging factors. The silencing of Nrf2 with small interfering RNA attenuated the protective effect of PCAF downregulation from vascular aging. These findings indicate that downregulation of PCAF alleviates oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and ultimately inhibits vascular aging. Thus, PCAF may be a promising target for aging-related cardiovascular disease.
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Martínez de Toda, Irene, Noemi Ceprián, Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro, and Mónica De la Fuente. "The Role of Immune Cells in Oxi-Inflamm-Aging." Cells 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 2974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112974.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aging is the result of the deterioration of the homeostatic systems (nervous, endocrine, and immune systems), which preserve the organism’s health. We propose that the age-related impairment of these systems is due to the establishment of a chronic oxidative stress situation that leads to low-grade chronic inflammation throughout the immune system’s activity. It is known that the immune system weakens with age, which increases morbidity and mortality. In this context, we describe how the function of immune cells can be used as an indicator of the rate of aging of an individual. In addition to this passive role as a marker, we describe how the immune system can work as a driver of aging by amplifying the oxidative-inflammatory stress associated with aging (oxi-inflamm-aging) and inducing senescence in far tissue cells. Further supporting our theory, we discuss how certain lifestyle conditions (such as social environment, nutrition, or exercise) can have an impact on longevity by affecting the oxidative and inflammatory state of immune cells, regulating immunosenescence and its contribution to oxi-inflamm-aging.
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Ziskoven, Christoph, Marcus Jäger, Christoph Zilkens, Wilhelm Bloch, Klara Brixius, and Rüdiger Krauspe. "Oxidative stress in secondary osteoarthritis: from cartilage destruction to clinical presentation?" Orthopedic Reviews 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/or.2010.e23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to an increasing life expectance, osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases. Although strong efforts have been made to regenerate degenerated joint cartilage, OA is a progressive and irreversible disease up to date. Among other factors the dysbalance between free radical burden and cellular scavenging mechanisms defined as oxidative stress is a relevant part of OA pathogenesis. Here, only little data are available about the mediation and interaction between different joint compartments. The article provides a review of the current literature regarding the influence of oxidative stress on cellular aging, senescence and apoptosis in different joint compartments (cartilage, synovial tissue and subchondral bone). Free radical exposure is known to promote cellular senescence and apoptosis. Radical oxygen species (ROS) involvement in inflammation, fibrosis control and pain nociception has been proven. The data from literature indicates a link between free radical burden and OA pathogenesis mediating local tissue reactions between the joint compartments. Hence, oxidative stress is likely not only to promote cartilage destruction but also to be involved in inflammative transformation, promoting the transition from clinically silent cartilage destruction to apparent OA. ROS induced by exogenous factors such as overload, trauma, local intraarticular lesion and consecutive synovial inflammation cause cartilage degradation. In the affected joint, free radicals mediate disease progression. The interrelationship between oxidative stress and OA etiology might provide a novel approach to the comprehension and therefore modification of disease progression and symptom control.
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Chao, Julie, Youming Guo, and Lee Chao. "Protective Role of Endogenous Kallistatin in Vascular Injury and Senescence by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4138560.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kallistatin was identified in human plasma as a tissue kallikrein-binding protein and a serine proteinase inhibitor. Kallistatin exerts pleiotropic effects on angiogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and tumor growth. Kallistatin levels are markedly reduced in patients with coronary artery disease, sepsis, diabetic retinopathy, inflammatory bowel disease, pneumonia, and cancer. Moreover, plasma kallistatin levels are positively associated with leukocyte telomere length in young African Americans, indicating the involvement of kallistatin in aging. In addition, kallistatin treatment promotes vascular repair by increasing the migration and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site antagonizes TNF-α-induced senescence and superoxide formation, while kallistatin’s active site is essential for inhibiting miR-34a synthesis, thus elevating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/eNOS synthesis in EPCs. Kallistatin inhibits oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence by upregulating Let-7g synthesis, leading to modulate Let-7g-mediated miR-34a-SIRT1-eNOS signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Exogenous kallistatin administration attenuates vascular injury and senescence in association with increased SIRT1 and eNOS levels and reduced miR-34a synthesis and NADPH oxidase activity, as well as TNF-α and ICAM-1 expression in the aortas of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice. Conversely, endothelial-specific depletion of kallistatin aggravates vascular senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with further reduction of Let-7g, SIRT1, and eNOS and elevation of miR-34a in mouse lung endothelial cells. Furthermore, systemic depletion of kallistatin exacerbates aortic injury, senescence, NADPH oxidase activity, and inflammatory gene expression in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These findings indicate that endogenous kallistatin displays a novel role in protection against vascular injury and senescence by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Plakkot, Bhuvana, Ashley Di Agostino, and Madhan Subramanian. "Implications of Hypothalamic Neural Stem Cells on Aging and Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases." Cells 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12050769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The hypothalamus, one of the major regulatory centers in the brain, controls various homeostatic processes, and hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs) have been observed to interfere with hypothalamic mechanisms regulating aging. NSCs play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of brain cells during neurodegenerative diseases and rejuvenate the brain tissue microenvironment. The hypothalamus was recently observed to be involved in neuroinflammation mediated by cellular senescence. Cellular senescence, or systemic aging, is characterized by a progressive irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that causes physiological dysregulation in the body and it is evident in many neuroinflammatory conditions, including obesity. Upregulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress due to senescence has the potential to alter the functioning of NSCs. Various studies have substantiated the chances of obesity inducing accelerated aging. Therefore, it is essential to explore the potential effects of htNSC dysregulation in obesity and underlying pathways to develop strategies to address obesity-induced comorbidities associated with brain aging. This review will summarize hypothalamic neurogenesis associated with obesity and prospective NSC-based regenerative therapy for the treatment of obesity-induced cardiovascular conditions.
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Sautin, Yuri Y., Takahiko Nakagawa, Sergey Zharikov, and Richard J. Johnson. "Adverse effects of the classic antioxidant uric acid in adipocytes: NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative/nitrosative stress." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, no. 2 (August 2007): C584—C596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00600.2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Uric acid is considered a major antioxidant in human blood that may protect against aging and oxidative stress. Despite its proposed protective properties, elevated levels of uric acid are commonly associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Furthermore, recent experimental studies suggest that uric acid may have a causal role in hypertension and metabolic syndrome. All these conditions are thought to be mediated by oxidative stress. In this study we demonstrate that differentiation of cultured mouse adipocytes is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and uptake of uric acid. Soluble uric acid stimulated an increase in NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production in mature adipocytes but not in preadipocytes. The stimulation of NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS by uric acid resulted in activation of MAP kinases p38 and ERK1/2, a decrease in nitric oxide bioavailability, and an increase in protein nitrosylation and lipid oxidation. Collectively, our results suggest that hyperuricemia induces redox-dependent signaling and oxidative stress in adipocytes. Since oxidative stress in the adipose tissue has recently been recognized as a major cause of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, hyperuricemia-induced alterations in oxidative homeostasis in the adipose tissue might play an important role in these derangements.
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Roger, Inés, Javier Milara, Nada Belhadj, and Julio Cortijo. "Senescence Alterations in Pulmonary Hypertension." Cells 10, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123456.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellular senescence is the arrest of normal cell division and is commonly associated with aging. The interest in the role of cellular senescence in lung diseases derives from the observation of markers of senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Accumulation of senescent cells and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in the lung of aged patients may lead to mild persistent inflammation, which results in tissue damage. Oxidative stress due to environmental exposures such as cigarette smoke also promotes cellular senescence, together with additional forms of cellular stress such as mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Growing recent evidence indicate that senescent cell phenotypes are observed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of patients with PH, contributing to pulmonary artery remodeling and PH development. In this review, we analyze the role of different senescence cell phenotypes contributing to the pulmonary artery remodeling process in different PH clinical entities. Different molecular pathway activation and cellular functions derived from senescence activation will be analyzed and discussed as promising targets to develop future senotherapies as promising treatments to attenuate pulmonary artery remodeling in PH.
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Sallam, Nada, and Ismail Laher. "Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7239639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the wealth of epidemiological and experimental studies indicating the protective role of regular physical activity/exercise training against the sequels of aging and cardiovascular diseases, the molecular transducers of exercise/physical activity benefits are not fully identified but should be further investigated in more integrative and innovative approaches, as they bear the potential for transformative discoveries of novel therapeutic targets. As aging and cardiovascular diseases are associated with a chronic state of oxidative stress and inflammation mediated via complex and interconnected pathways, we will focus in this review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of exercise, mainly exerted on adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, immune system, and cardiovascular system by modulating anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines profile, redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, and repair proteins such as heat shock proteins, proteasome complex, oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, uracil DNA glycosylase, and telomerase. It is important to note that the effects of exercise vary depending on the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise as well as on the individual’s characteristics; therefore, the development of personalized exercise programs is essential.
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Sanz-Ros, Jorge, Cristina Mas-Bargues, Nekane Romero-García, Javier Huete-Acevedo, Mar Dromant, and Consuelo Borrás. "Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Aging and Age-Related Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 14632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314632.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aging is associated with an alteration of intercellular communication. These changes in the extracellular environment contribute to the aging phenotype and have been linked to different aging-related diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are factors that mediate the transmission of signaling molecules between cells. In the aging field, these EVs have been shown to regulate important aging processes, such as oxidative stress or senescence, both in vivo and in vitro. EVs from healthy cells, particularly those coming from stem cells (SCs), have been described as potential effectors of the regenerative potential of SCs. Many studies with different animal models have shown promising results in the field of regenerative medicine. EVs are now viewed as a potential cell-free therapy for tissue damage and several diseases. Here we propose EVs as regulators of the aging process, with an important role in tissue regeneration and a raising therapy for age-related diseases.