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Статті в журналах з теми "Address translation mechanisms"
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Michalski, John T. "Network security mechanisms utilising network address translation." International Journal of Critical Infrastructures 2, no. 1 (2006): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcis.2006.008497.
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Smith, Richard W. P., Ross C. Anderson, Osmany Larralde, Joel W. S. Smith, Barbara Gorgoni, William A. Richardson, Poonam Malik, Sheila V. Graham, and Nicola K. Gray. "Viral and cellular mRNA-specific activators harness PABP and eIF4G to promote translation initiation downstream of cap binding." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 24 (May 30, 2017): 6310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610417114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regulation of mRNA translation is a major control point for gene expression and is critical for life. Of central importance is the complex between cap-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), eIF4G, and poly(A) tail-binding protein (PABP) that circularizes mRNAs, promoting translation and stability. This complex is often targeted to regulate overall translation rates, and also by mRNA-specific translational repressors. However, the mechanisms of mRNA-specific translational activation by RNA-binding proteins remain poorly understood. Here, we address this deficit, focusing on a herpes simplex virus-1 protein, ICP27. We reveal a direct interaction with PABP that is sufficient to promote PABP recruitment and necessary for ICP27-mediated activation. PABP binds several translation factors but is primarily considered to activate translation initiation as part of the PABP–eIF4G–eIF4E complex that stimulates the initial cap-binding step. Importantly, we find that ICP27-PABP forms a complex with, and requires the activity of, eIF4G. Surprisingly, ICP27–PABP–eIF4G complexes act independently of the effects of PABP-eIF4G on cap binding to promote small ribosomal subunit recruitment. Moreover, we find that a cellular mRNA-specific regulator, Deleted in Azoospermia-like (Dazl), also employs the PABP–eIF4G interaction in a similar manner. We propose a mechanism whereby diverse RNA-binding proteins directly recruit PABP, in a non–poly(A) tail-dependent manner, to stimulate the small subunit recruitment step. This strategy may be particularly relevant to biological conditions associated with hypoadenylated mRNAs (e.g., germ cells/neurons) and/or limiting cytoplasmic PABP (e.g., viral infection, cell stress). This mechanism adds significant insight into our knowledge of mRNA-specific translational activation and the function of the PABP–eIF4G complex in translation initiation.
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Papadimitriou, George, Athanasios Chatzidimitriou, Dimitris Gizopoulos, and Ronny Morad. "An Agile Post-Silicon Validation Methodology for the Address Translation Mechanisms of Modern Microprocessors." IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 17, no. 1 (March 2017): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdmr.2016.2636880.
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Kornykhin, E. V. "Generation of test data for verification of caching mechanisms and address translation in microprocessors." Programming and Computer Software 36, no. 1 (January 2010): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0361768810010056.
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Ostareck-Lederer, Antje, Dirk H. Ostareck, Christophe Cans, Gitte Neubauer, Karol Bomsztyk, Giulio Superti-Furga, and Matthias W. Hentze. "c-Src-Mediated Phosphorylation of hnRNP K Drives Translational Activation of Specifically Silenced mRNAs." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 13 (July 1, 2002): 4535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.13.4535-4543.2002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT hnRNPK and hnRNP E1/E2 mediate translational silencing of cellular and viral mRNAs in a differentiation-dependent way by binding to specific regulatory sequences. The translation of 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) mRNA in erythroid precursor cells and of the L2 mRNA of human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16) in squamous epithelial cells is silenced when either of these cells is immature and is activated in maturing cells by unknown mechanisms. Here we address the question of how the silenced mRNA can be translationally activated. We show that hnRNP K and the c-Src kinase specifically interact with each other, leading to c-Src activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of hnRNP K in vivo and in vitro. c-Src-mediated phosphorylation reversibly inhibits the binding of hnRNP K to the differentiation control element (DICE) of the LOX mRNA 3′ untranslated region in vitro and specifically derepresses the translation of DICE-bearing mRNAs in vivo. Our results establish a novel role of c-Src kinase in translational gene regulation and reveal a mechanism by which silenced mRNAs can be translationally activated.
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Zhang, Bing. "Unsupervised English Intelligent Machine Translation in Wireless Network Environment." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (May 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8208242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Researchers suggest unsupervised English machine translation to address the absence of parallel corpus in English translation. Unsupervised pretraining techniques, denoising autoencoders, back translation, and shared latent representation mechanisms are used to simulate the translation task using just monolingual corpora. This paper uses pseudo-parallel data to construct unsupervised neural machine translation (NMT) and dissimilar language pair analysis. This paper firstly analyzes the low performance of unsupervised translation on dissimilar language pairs from three aspects: bilingual word embedding quality, shared words, and word order. And artificial shared word replacement and preordering strategies are proposed to increase the shared words between dissimilar language pairs and reduce the difference in their syntactic structure, thereby improving the translation performance on dissimilar language pairs. The denoising autoencoder and shared latent representation mechanism in unsupervised English machine translation are only required in the early stage of training, and learning the shared latent representation limits the further improvement of performance in different directions. While training the denoising autoencoder by repeatedly altering the training data slows down the convergence of the model, this is especially true for divergent languages. This paper presents an unsupervised NMT model based on pseudo-parallel data to address this issue. It trains two standard supervised neural machine translation models using the pseudo-parallel corpus generated by the unsupervised neural machine translation system, which enhances translation performance and speeds convergence. Finally, the English intelligent translation model is deployed in the wireless network server, and users can access it through the wireless network.
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Efimova, Nadezhda N., Maria L. Ruzhnikova, and Marina I. Violina. "Homophonic Translation as Humpty-Dumpty’s Choice." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers mechanisms of sense formation in the course of receptive speech activity and deformation of the source text meaning as a result of intentional receptive distortion in the course of auditory perception. Homophonic translation termed soramimi is discussed as a product of audial perception, as a carnivalized text and as a result of an interpretative strategy of cognitive dissonance alignment. We hereby address the auditory modality from the viewpoint of its inherent potential for misinterpretation, both intentional and unintentional. The perceptional phenomena are viewed through addressee’s strategies of realizing the semantic potential of the target text across several languages.
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Titler, Marita G. "Translation Science and Context." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 24, no. 1 (February 2010): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.24.1.35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evidence-based health care practices are available for a number of conditions such as asthma, smoking cessation, heart failure, and management of diabetes. However, these practices are not routinely implemented in care delivery and variations in practices abound. Implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) is challenging, and difficulties implementing evidence may be largely explained by contextual factors. Thus, strategies are needed that address the complexity and systems of care, individual practitioners, senior leadership, and ultimately changing health care cultures to promote an evidence-based practice environment. To advance knowledge about promoting and sustaining adoption of EBPs in health care, translation science needs more studies that test translating research into practice (TRIP) interventions; studies are needed that investigate what TRIP interventions work, for whom, in what circumstances, in what types of settings, and studies that explain the underlying mechanisms of effective TRIP interventions. According to the Translation Research Model, adoption of innovations, such as EBPs, are influenced by the nature of the innovation (e.g., the type and strength of evidence; the clinical topic), and the manner in which it is communicated (disseminated) to members (e.g., physicians, nurses) of a social system (organization, nursing profession). This article discusses the importance of context in translation using this framework as a guide.
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Jaud, Manon, Céline Philippe, Doriana Di Bella, Weiwei Tang, Stéphane Pyronnet, Henrik Laurell, Laurent Mazzolini, Kevin Rouault-Pierre, and Christian Touriol. "Translational Regulations in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cancers." Cells 9, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030540.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During carcinogenesis, almost all the biological processes are modified in one way or another. Among these biological processes affected, anomalies in protein synthesis are common in cancers. Indeed, cancer cells are subjected to a wide range of stresses, which include physical injuries, hypoxia, nutrient starvation, as well as mitotic, oxidative or genotoxic stresses. All of these stresses will cause the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), which is a major organelle that is involved in protein synthesis, preservation of cellular homeostasis, and adaptation to unfavourable environment. The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum causes stress triggering an unfolded protein response in order to promote cell survival or to induce apoptosis in case of chronic stress. Transcription and also translational reprogramming are tightly controlled during the unfolded protein response to ensure selective gene expression. The majority of stresses, including ER stress, induce firstly a decrease in global protein synthesis accompanied by the induction of alternative mechanisms for initiating the translation of mRNA, later followed by a translational recovery. After a presentation of ER stress and the UPR response, we will briefly present the different modes of translation initiation, then address the specific translational regulatory mechanisms acting during reticulum stress in cancers and highlight the importance of translational control by ER stress in tumours.
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Kamkin, A., A. Protsenko, and A. Tatarnikov. "An Approach to Test Program Generation Based on Formal Specifications of Caching and Address Translation Mechanisms." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS, no. 3 (2015): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2015-27(3)-9.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Address translation mechanisms"
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Phillips, Matthew D. W., and Trevor J. Baumgartner. "Implementation of a network address translation mechanism over IPv6." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedNetwork Address Translation (NAT) for IPv4 was developed primarily to curb overcrowding of the Internet due to dwindling global IP addresses; however, NAT provides several other benefits. NAT can be used to mask the internal IP addresses of an Intranet. IPv6, the emerging standard for Internet addressing, provides three times the number of bits for IP addressing. While IPv6 does not need NAT for connectivity, other NAT features such as address hiding are valuable. There is currently no NAT implementation for IPv6. The focus of this research was the design and development of a NAT implementation for IPv6. This implementation will be used within a multilevel testbed. In addition, the NAT implementation developed here can facilitate the Department of Defense (DoD) transition to IPv6 planned for 2008 by providing services currently not available for IPv6. A working implementation of NAT for IPv6 within the Linux kernel has been produced. The NAT development created here has been tested for support of the protocols of TCP, UDP and ICMP for IPv6.
Ensign, United States Navy
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Baumgartner, Trevor J. Phillips Matthew D. W. "Implementation of a Network Address Translation Mechanism Over IPv6 /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FBaumgartner%5fPhillips.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Cynthia E. Irvine, Thuy D. Nguyen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-83). Also available online.
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Huang, Ya-Lin, and 黃雅琳. "IP Address Translation Mechanisms for SIP-based VoIP." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18473149180982595091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立交通大學
網路工程研究所
95
In Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-based Voice over IP (VoIP) services, IP addresses are used as location information of User Agents (UAs). The insufficiency of IPv4 addresses becomes a problem in SIP-based VoIP deployment. Deploying Network Address Translators (NATs) into IPv4 networks is one approach so that a public IPv4 address is shared by multiple UAs. However, this approach leads to SIP/Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) NAT traversing problem. We design and develop a UA that supports the existing SIP/RTP NAT traversing solutions. This UA is used for further analyses and experiments. Another approach is to adopt IPv6 so that every UA owns a unique IPv6 address. Nevertheless, IPv4/IPv6 interworking problem for SIP-based VoIP may occur in the early stage of IPv6 deployment. To solve this problem, we propose an effective solution where the least call setup overhead is introduced and no impairment is incurred to the RTP transmission performance. Our study indicates that none of the existing SIP/RTP NAT traversing solutions is perfect in all aspects. Instead, the usage of IPv6 cooperating with our proposed solution is the best choice with the most efficient performance for deploying SIP-based VoIP services.
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Baviskar, Akshay Suresh. "2-Level Page Tables (2-LPT): A Building Block for Efficient Address Translation in Virtualized Environments." Thesis, 2022. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5684.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Efficient address translation mechanisms are gaining more and more attention as the virtual
address range of the processors keeps expanding and the demand for machine virtualization
increases with cloud and data center-based services. Traditional radix-tree based address translations
can incur significant overheads in big data applications, particularly under virtualization,
due to multi-level tree walks and nested translation. The overheads stem primarily from the
unnecessary generality — ability to support several hundreds of thousands of virtual memory
regions in the virtual address space — supported by current processors.
We observe that in the common case, however, a process’s virtual address space contains
only a few contiguously allocated sections, which can be efficiently translated using a shallow
tree with two levels. We propose such a compact structure, called 2-Level Page Table(2-LPT),
which serves as a key building block for address translation in virtualized environment. A key
advantage of 2-LPT is that it maintains two levels of page tables irrespective of the size of the
virtual address space. Translating a virtual address using 2-LPT is fast. A walk on a 2-LPT
requires up to two memory accesses. In practice, however, the root level table is well cached in
the Page Walk Caches, thus, single memory access is sufficient. Under native execution, 2-LPT
reduces the page walk latency by up to 20.9% (9.38% on average) and improves performance by
up to 10.1% (1.66% on average) over the conventional four-level radix tree page tables, on a set
of memory-intensive applications.
2-LPT is more beneficial under virtualization. A naive extension of 2-LPT reduces the cost
of nested page walk from 24 to 8 memory accesses. To achieve further reduction, we propose
two optimizations: (i) Enhanced Partial Shadow Paging (ePSP) which employs a limited form
of shadow paging for the root-level of 2-LPT, and (ii) Host PTE Mirroring (HPM) which
allows accessing the host page table entry without performing host page table walk. These
optimizations reduce the number of memory accesses to just one, on average, while avoiding slow
VM exits. 2-LPT speeds up applications by 5.6%-50.9% (24.6%, on average) over the baseline
nested page walks. Compared to the best performing state-of-the-art proposal, 2-LPT achieves
an average reduction of 41.5% and 15.7% in page walk latency and execution cycles
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Cheng, Che-An, and 鄭哲安. "A Component-based Design for the Address Translation Mechanism of Flash Memory." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16426638114238738690.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
103
NAND flash memory is a popular memory device because of many advantages such as high-density, light-weight, shock-resistance, non-volatile, and low-power features. Although NAND flash memory has many attractive features, it still has several limitations due to its architectural characteristics. For managing the distinctive characteristics, various flash translation layers (FTLs) have been proposed. The main functions of an FTL contain address translation, garbage collection, and wear-leveling effect. In the thesis, we propose a component-based design for the address translation mechanism of flash memory. The component-based design is based on three features: specificity, composability and analyzability. With the component-based design, it can facilitate developers to realize and redesign the address translation mechanism of flash memory.
Книги з теми "Address translation mechanisms"
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Volodina, Larisa. Family harmony, or the values of family education in Russia. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1817281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The leading idea of the monograph is the idea of the unity of national priorities in the field of values of family education on the territory of the Russian Federation and the place of the region in its formation. Russian Russian peasant family values formation process in the second half of the XIX — early XX century is presented: in its historical and cultural context in the aspect of correlation with the stages of development of the Russian state; in its historical and pedagogical context in the aspect of correlation with the value priorities
of education in the Russian peasant family, which determined the essence and content of the family way.
The grounds for the representation of the North-Western region of Russia as significant in the formation of values of family education are revealed. The social conditionality of the process of development of traditional values of upbringing in the Russian peasant family is shown, provided by the coordinated actions of social institutions significant in a certain historical period: the state, pedagogical science, the socio-pedagogical movement, religion, the peasant community. The mechanisms
of their translation of the values of upbringing in the Russian peasant family are revealed.
It is addressed to a wide range of readers interested in the history of their region. It can be used in the implementation of basic educational programs of primary, basic, secondary general (vocational) education as the basis of educational work within the framework of educational, extracurricular activities of students; studying courses on the theory of education in the system of professional development of teaching staff; development of legislative and regulatory acts regulating issues of marriage and family relations.
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Implementation of a Network Address Translation Mechanism Over IPv6. Storming Media, 2004.
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Maruska, Karen P., and Russell D. Fernald. Social Regulation of Gene Expression in the African Cichlid Fish. Edited by Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How does an animal’s social environment shape its behavior and physiology, and what underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms lead to phenotypic changes? To address this question, the authors used a model system that exhibits socially regulated plastic phenotypes, behavioral complexity, molecular level access, and genomic resources. The African cichlid fishAstatotilapia burtoni, in which male status and reproductive physiology are under social control, has become an important model for studying the mechanisms that regulate complex social behaviors. This chapter reviews what is known about how information from the social environment produces changes in behavior, physiology, and gene expression profiles in the brain and reproductive axis ofA. burtoni. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for translating perception of social cues into molecular change in a model vertebrate is important for identifying selective pressures and evolutionary mechanisms that shape the brain and ultimately result in diverse and complex social behaviors.
Частини книг з теми "Address translation mechanisms"
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Carl, Michael. "Chapter 12. The Monitor Model and its misconceptions." In American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series, 257–81. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ata.xx.12car.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Horizontal (automatic) and vertical (control) processes have been observed and reported for a long time in translation production. Schaeffer and Carl’s Monitor Model integrates these two processes into one framework, assuming that priming mechanisms underlie horizontal/automatic processes, while vertical/monitoring processes implement consciously accessible control mechanisms. The Monitor Model has been criticized in various ways and several misconceptions have accumulated over the past years. In this chapter, I update the Monitor Model with additional evidence and argue that it is compatible with an enactivist approach to cognition. I address several misconceptions related to the Monitor Model.
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Brown, Alan W., David J. Carney, Edwin J. Morris, Dennis B. Smith, and Paul F. Zarrella. "Data Integration Mechanisms." In Principles of CASE Tool Integration. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094787.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Data integration is a basic need for a CASE environment because individual tools operate on data that are of interest to other tools. For example, many CASE analysis and design tools produce code templates representing the interfaces between system components. These templates are of interest to tools that assist in code generation since they specify an interface between system components that ideally is maintained during the implementation process. Likewise, changes made to these interface descriptions during the implementation process often have an impact on the design of the system as reflected in the analysis and design tool. Many approaches have been developed to facilitate the sharing of data between components of a CASE environment. These approaches differ both in the mechanisms used to provide this support and in the degree of support provided. In this chapter we consider some concepts central to the problem of data integration, discuss the major strategies adopted to provide data integration, and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies. Finally, we discuss particular mechanisms that reflect these strategies. If environment components are to share data, then two issues must be addressed. First, agreements must be made between components concerning what data are stored, where, and how they are accessed. Second, the components must share a common understanding of the meaning of the data. We refer to the first issue as data persistence, and the second issue as data semantics. These two issues provide the backdrop for our discussion of the principal types of mechanisms for data integration. One type of mechanism focuses on different storage strategies, and the second type of mechanism focuses on semantic agreements. Although we consider each separately, no mechanism exclusively addresses only data persistence or data semantics. In practice, all mechanisms address both data persistence and data semantics to varying degrees. There are two basic strategies that support storage and sharing of persistent data. The first involves data import and export, whereby tools maintain separate databases for their unique data, and sharing is accomplished by some translation from an internal form to an external form to make it available to other tools.
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Mba, Chikelu, M. Ehsan Dulloo, and Kent Nnadozie. "Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture for sustainable development." In Plant genetic resources: A review of current research and future needs, 3–34. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0085.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, a common concern of all countries, are critically important for the sustainable production of the significantly more nutritious food needed to feed an ever-growing population in the face of climate change and other drivers. This entails the translation of the potentials encoded into their genetic blueprints into improved productivities. The relevant international agreements, instruments and mechanisms, which address the conservation, sustainable use and access and benefit-sharing for these resources, are reviewed along with their remarkable contributions to food security and nutrition. The chapter also highlights the state-of-the-art for the scientific and technological methods used to conserve and add value through genetic gains to these resources. Underscoring the importance of collaborations at various scales, we call for continued global coordination and partnerships on the internationally agreed activities for conserving effectively and deriving the most benefits sustainably from these irreplaceable resources.
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Attieh, Randa, Marie-Pierre Gagnon, Geneviève Roch, and Sarah L. Krein. "Translating Technology in Professional Practices to Optimize Infection Prevention and Control." In Consumer-Driven Technologies in Healthcare, 384–406. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6198-9.ch020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to explain how the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology was translated into professional practices to prevent and control vancomycin-resistant enterococci outbreaks via an actor-network, based on the integrated framework TRIP-ANT. A single case study was conducted in three purposefully selected sites implementing the PCR-VRE assay. The complete dataset comprised semi-structured interviews with 28 participants and a review of hospital and external documents. A content analysis was conducted. The authors' findings indicate the emergence of four main themes, including illustration of who was involved in the adoption process, attribution of roles and responsibilities, interaction/communication/ collaboration mechanisms, and changes in professional practices. Their findings also address five challenges that arose from each theme. The translation of PCR technology into professional practices relies on the enrolment of an organisational, clinical, managerial and financial support network, and on the evolution of practices, communications, and roles and responsibilities.
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McFarland, Daniel C., Leah E. Walsh, and Andrew H. Miller. "Depression, Inflammation, and Cancer." In Psycho-Oncology, edited by William S. Breitbart and Mark Lazenby, 644–53. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190097653.003.0081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depression in cancer is common, often unrecognized and untreated, and has a significant impact on quality of life and morbidity and mortality. Increasing understanding of the impact of the immune system and inflammation on the brain has revealed that cancer patients are at an especially increased risk for inflammation-induced depression by virtue of the many sources of inflammation to which they are exposed. Treatments including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy as well as cancer itself are associated with increased inflammation that can drive brain changes and depression. This chapter will review the relationship between depression and inflammation in cancer patients with special attention paid to the data that support increased inflammatory markers in cancer patients with depression, the neurobiological mechanisms by which inflammation can impact neurotransmitters and neurocircuits in the brain, and the data addressing interventions that reduce inflammation and depression in cancer patients. Finally, the chapter addresses future directions regarding the translational implications of this work.
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Zocchi, Giovanni. "Kinematics of Enzyme Action." In Molecular Machines, 81–121. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691173863.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Enzymes are catalysts as well as the molecular machines that generate and maintain the nonequilibrium state of the cell. There are roughly two main mechanisms by which enzymes provide the control function for the network of chemical reactions in the cell. One is the presence or absence of the enzyme, controlled by gene expression. The other is allosteric control: the modulation of the activity of an individual enzyme caused by binding of a specific ligand, often a small metabolite, or else caused by so-called post-translational modifications. This chapter addresses what could be variously called the quasi-equilibrium aspects, or steady state, or kinematics, of enzyme operation, and what one learns from time-independent perturbations of this steady state. Topics discussed include Michaelis–Menten kinetics, the method of the DNA springs, force and elastic energy in the enzyme–DNA chimeras, injection of elastic energy vs. activity modulation, and connection to nonlinear dynamics.
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Próchnicki, Włodzimierz, and Maria R. Nenarokova. "An Author’s Narration: “History of Polish Literature” by Czeslaw Miłosz." In “The History of Literature”: Non-scientific sources of a scientific genre, 662–84. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0684-0-662-684.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the manual, titled The History of Polish Literature, by the Polish poet, translator and essayist Czeslaw Miłosz. He wrote the manual for his American students. The textbook is based on Miłosz’s lectures at the University of Berkeley in California. The textbook is a one-volume author’s survey of Polish literature, addressed to a specific audience and reflecting Miłosz’s personal views on the history of Polish literature. The personal position of the author is expressed in the selection of facts and related terms concerning ideology, social movements, political changes, the views of writers, as well as in the interpretation of their works. Miłosz views Polish literature not only as a Pole, but also as a European. He tries to present Polish literature as a part of the European literary process. In his textbook Miłosz shows the connection between literary process and history. It is not literary problems that come to the fore, but a way of presenting their historical background, which is far from the stereotypes, spread in society. The textbook, neutral in fact, becomes the author’s interpretation of the history of Polish culture, community and state. Miłosz shows his American students the mechanisms of history that require critical discussion rather than mechanical discussion. The shift in the outline of the textbook towards the author’s narration brings this text closer to literary criticism. In his textbook, Milosz positions himself not as a researcher, but as a storyteller, emotionally connected with the subject of his story. Miłosz ‘s History of Polish Literature is perceived not as an academic textbook, but as a book for reading, in which, as in a living oral story, the reader constantly feels the presence of the speaker — a living interlocutor. The book, conceived as a textbook, takes on the character of a conversation in which the addressee receives answers to his unspoken questions.
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Murphy, Tara, Virginie Czernecki, Zsanett Tarnok, and Daniel Stark. "Neuropsychological Assessment in Tourette Syndrome." In Tourette Syndrome, edited by Valsamma Eapen, Iain Perkes, and Roxanne Golf, 366–90. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197543214.003.0022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Neuropsychological research and its clinical applications for those with Tourette syndrome (TS) are a promising area. Previous limitations in the literature are now being addressed and include factors such as controlling for the presence of co-occurring conditions, the separate study of children and adults, examination of factors such as time since onset of tics, and translation from the laboratory to the clinic. This chapter discusses the literature on the major domains of cognition and adaptive behavior in TS, with an emphasis on strengths and weaknesses. There is a focus on recent literature (published since 2012), but the chapter includes important older studies on intellectual function, language, learning and memory, attention, and executive function. Importantly, the chapter independently reports on child and adult studies and their implications. The chapter then discusses what is known about the real-world behavioral sequelae among individuals with TS, including adaptive behavior, as well as educational and employment outcomes. The chapter focuses on the potential neuropsychological mechanisms that may be playing out to impact on these areas of life. The role that neuropsychological factors have had in the understanding of outcome in interventions is also reviewed. The chapter then focuses on the clinical application of the corpus of literature on neuropsychology in TS. It discusses the importance of using the research findings along with clinical decision-making, considering cultural factors, limitations of tests, and the complexity of TS in the formulation to guide understanding and intervention for the individuals who live with the condition.
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Martinho Simões, José A., and Manuel Minas da Piedade. "Photocalorimetry." In Molecular Energetics. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133196.003.0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most experimental techniques addressed in the present book are suitable for investigating the thermochemistry of thermally activated reactions, that is, those reactions whose activation barrier can be overcome by increasing the thermal energy of the reactants. This thermal energy, which is the average sum of molecular translational, rotational, and vibrational energies, can be changed by varying the temperature of the reactants. Some chemical reactions, however, do not occur by thermal activation. They require larger energy inputs—big enough to raise the electronic energy of at least one of the reactants and even induce the cleavage of a chemical bond. This “surgical” energy promotion is only attainable by electromagnetic radiation with a suitable wavelength. Visible light (420–700 nm) or ultraviolet radiation are typically used because the energies involved are in the same range of electronic excitation energies and of bond dissociation enthalpies, for example, a 700 nm photon corresponds to an energy of 170.9 kJ mol−1 (see conversion factors in appendix A). The reactions initiated by electromagnetic radiation are said to be photochemically activated. Note that only the initiation step may require the absorption of one or more photons (a photochemical reaction). Subsequent steps of the mechanism may be “dark reactions,” proceeding by thermal activation. The thermochemical study of photochemical or photochemically activated processes is not amenable to most of the calorimeters described in this book, simply because they do not include a suitable radiation source or the necessary auxiliary equipment to monitor the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the reaction mixture. However, it is not hard to conceive how a calorimeter from any of the classes mentioned in chapter 6 (adiabatic, isoperibol, or heat flow) could be modified to accommodate the necessary hardware and be transformed into a photocalorimeter. A general discussion of the basic principles of photocalorimetry, which we closely follow in the ensuing discussion, was made by Teixeira and Wadsö [179]. An amount of radiant energy E is supplied to the calorimetric cell and absorbed by the reaction mixture, initiating a chemical reaction.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Address translation mechanisms"
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Adir, Allon, Laurent Fournier, Yoav Katz, and Anatoly Koyfman. "DeepTrans - Extending the Model-based Approach to Functional Verification of Address Translation Mechanisms." In 2006 IEEE International High Level Design Validation and Test Workshop. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hldvt.2006.319971.
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Papadimitriou, George, Athanasios Chatzidimitriou, Dimitris Gizopoulos, and Ronny Morad. "ISA-independent post-silicon validation for the address translation mechanisms of modern microprocessors." In 2016 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iolts.2016.7604675.
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Ozawa, Masanori, Yumi Iwasaki, and Mark R. Cutkosky. "Multi Disciplinary Early Performance Evaluation via Logical Description of Mechanisms: DVD Pick up Head Example." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/cie-6007.
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Abstract This paper describes an approach developed to support the early stages of designing multidisciplinary products. In the design of such products it is important for various specialists to share representations of the engineering models they use in making trade-off studies. Sharing information among diverse engineering tools at the data level is notoriously difficult and inflexible. When any of the modeling details, assumptions or constraints change, the translation must usually be rewritten. Our solution to this problem is to formalize the exchange of information among engineering specialists and their tools as a problem in communication among agents. The agents share a common ontology and a compositional modeling language (CML) in which models can be created such that conventions, constraints, and assumptions are defined formally and ultimately grounded in logic. We have applied CML in the context of a pick-up head design problem for DVD (digital versatile disc / digital video disc) players. We describe the pick-up head design problem, the CML models we have created to address early stages of pick-up head design, and the use of the CML models by a team of specialists, each participating as an agent in a concurrent engineering exercise.
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Taylor, George, Peter Davies, and Michael Farmwald. "The TLB slice---a low-cost high-speed address translation mechanism." In the 17th annual international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/325164.325161.
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Lessanibahri, Saman, Philippe Cardou, and Stéphane Caro. "A Cable-Driven Parallel Robot With an Embedded Tilt-Roll Wrist." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98146.
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Abstract This paper addresses the optimum design, configuration and workspace analysis of a Cable-Driven Parallel Robot with an embedded tilt-roll wrist. The manipulator is a hybrid robot consisting in an under-constrained moving-platform accommodating a tilt-roll wrist. The embedded wrist provides large amplitudes of tilt and roll rotations and a large translational workspace obtained by the moving-platform. This manipulator is suitable for tasks requiring large rotation and translation workspaces like tomography scanning, camera-orienting devices and visual surveillance. The moving-platform is an eight-degree-of-freedom articulated mechanism with large translational and rotational workspaces and it is suspended from a fixed frame by six cables. The manipulator employs two bi-actuated cables, i.e., cable loops to transmit the power from motors fixed on the ground to the tilt-roll wrist. Therefore, the manipulator achieves better dynamic performances due to a lower inertia of its moving-platform.
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Lecours, Alexandre, and Cle´ment Gosselin. "Reactionless Two-Degree-of-Freedom Planar Parallel Mechanism With Variable Payload." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86700.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A reactionless mechanism is one which does not exert any reaction force or moment on its base at all times, for any arbitrary trajectory of the mechanism. This paper addresses the static and dynamic balancing of a two-degree-of-freedom parallel planar mechanism (five-bar mechanism). A simple and effective adaptive balancing method is presented that allows the mechanism to maintain the reactionless condition for a range of payloads. Important proofs concerning the balancing of five-bar mechanisms are also presented. The design of a real mechanism where parallelogram linkages are used to produce pure translations at the end-effector is also presented. Finally, using dynamic simulation software, it is shown that the mechanism is reactionless for arbitrarily chosen trajectories and for a variety of payloads.
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Wiens, Gloria J., Anake Umsrithong, Shawn Miller, Aneesh Koka, and Travis Vitello. "Design of Autonomous Foldable Docking Mechanism for Small Space Vehicles." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87678.
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Over the past decade, small satellites have gained the interest of the space industry as a new and cost effective approach for servicing space assets. To address the special constraints inherent to the component miniaturization required for these satellites, researchers in the Space, Automation and Manufacturing Mechanisms Laboratory (SAMM) are exploring foldable mechanisms and their effectiveness for providing autonomous rendezvous and docking capabilities for small space vehicles. This paper focuses particularly on the design of autonomous docking mechanisms for space vehicles within the small satellite class known as picosatellite (size and mass requirements: 1 kilogram mass within a 10×10×10 centimeter cube). The docking mechanisms deployment scenario is a dual satellite system comprised of two small satellites (a chaser and a target). The chaser has attitude and translational control capability, while the target is a passive satellite having only attitude stabilization capability. This paper will first present a review of the existing docking mechanism technology utilized in space. This is followed by details of a foldable mechanism approach for providing small satellites autonomous docking capabilities. This includes geometric and dynamic analysis conducted in ADAMS software simulations.
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Li, S. Z., J. J. Yu, G. H. Zong, and Hai-jun Su. "A Compliance-Based Compensation Approach for Designing High-Precision Flexure Mechanism." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71018.
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This paper presents an approach of utilizing parasitic motion compensation for designing high-precision flexure mechanism. This approach is expected to improve the accuracy of flexure mechanism without changing its degree of freedom (DOF) characteristic. Different from the method which mainly concentrates on how to compensate the parasitic translation error of a parallelogram-type flexure mechanism existing in most of the literatures, the proposed approach can compensate the parasitic motion produced by rotation in company with translation. Besides, the parasitic motion of a flexure mechanism is formulated and evaluated by utilizing its compliance. To specify it, the compliance of a general flexure mechanism is calculated firstly. Then the parasitic motions introduced by both rotation and translation are analyzed by utilizing the resultant compliance. Subsequently, a compliance-based compensation approach is addressed as the most important part of this paper. The design principles and procedure are further proposed in detail to help with improving the accuracy of the flexure mechanism. Finally, a case study of a 2R1T flexure mechanism is provided to illustrate this approach, and FEA simulation is implemented to demonstrate its validity. The result shows that it is a robust design method for the design of high-precision flexure mechanism.
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Steffan, Eric, and Tuhin Das. "Locomotion of Circular Robots With Diametrically Translating Legs." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2530.
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In this paper, we develop an analytical basis for designing the locomotion of mobile robots with a spherical or circular core and equispaced diametral legs. The mechanism has resemblance with certain cellular locomotions. Locomotion is generated by actuation of the legs in the radial direction. Two elementary regimes of motion are first developed using the geometry of the mechanism. The overall motion of the robot is generated by repeated switching between the two regimes. The paper addresses both the kinematics and dynamics of the mechanism enabling the prediction of trajectories and computation of constraint and actuation forces. Simulation results are provided in support of the theory developed.
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Huang, Shuguang, and Joseph M. Schimmels. "Spatial Compliances Achieved With Serial Elastic Mechanisms." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2392.
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Abstract Previously, the structure of a spatial stiffness matrix and its realization using a parallel elastic system have been addressed. This paper extends those results to the analysis and realization of a spatial compliance matrix using a serial mechanism. We show that, a spatial compliance matrix can be decomposed into a set of rank-1 primitive matrices, each of which can be realized with an elastic joint in a serial mechanism. To realize a general spatial compliance, the serial mechanism must contain joints that couple the translational and rotational motion along/about an axis. The structure of a spatial compliance matrix can be uniquely interpreted by a 6-joint serial elastic mechanism whose geometry is obtained from the eigenscrew decomposition of the compliance matrix. The results obtained from the analysis of spatial compliant behavior and its realization in a serial mechanism are compared with those obtained for spatial stiffness behavior and its realization in a parallel mechanism.
Звіти організацій з теми "Address translation mechanisms"
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PRICE, CARRIE M., ERIC STANTON, ERIK J. LEE, JOHN T. MICHALSKI, KUAN SEAH CHUA, YIP HENG WONG, and CHUNG PHENG TAN. Network Security Mechanisms Utilizing Dynamic Network Address Translation LDRD Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/806701.
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Stern, David B., and Gadi Schuster. Manipulation of Gene Expression in the Chloroplast: Control of mRNA Stability and Transcription Termination. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568750.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis and of other essential biosynthetic activities in plant cells. Chloroplasts are semi-autonomous organelles, since they contain their own genomes and protein biosynthetic machinery, but depend on the coordinate expression of nuclear genes to assemble macromolecular complexes. The bioeingineering of plants requires manipulation of chloroplast gene expression, and thus a knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that modulate mRNA and protein production. In this proposal the heterotrophic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used as a model system to understand the control and interrelationships between transcription termination, mRNA 3' end processing and mRNA stability in chloroplasts. Chlamydomonas is a unique and ideal system in which to address these issues, because the chloroplast can be easily manipulated by genetic transformation techniques. This research uncovered new and important information on chloroplast mRNA 3' end formation and mRNA stability. In particular, the 3' untranslated regions of chloroplast mRNAs were shown not to be efficient transcription terminators. The endonucleolytic site in the 3' untranslated region was characterized by site directed mutagensis and the role of several 3' untranslated regions in modulating RNA stability and translation has been studied. This information will allow us to experimentally manipulate the expression of chloroplast genes in vivo by post-transcriptional mechanisms, and should be widely applicable to other higher plant systems.
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Goldberg, J., M. Westerlund, and T. Zeng. A Network Address Translator (NAT) Traversal Mechanism for Media Controlled by the Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP). RFC Editor, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7825.
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Clark, Louise, Jo Carpenter, and Joe Taylor. Learning From Responsiveness to a Rapidly Evolving Context: IDRC’s Covid-19 Responses for Equity Programme. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2022.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report summarises key institutional lessons that emerged from a Learning Journey commissioned by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) for its Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) programme. Learning Journeys are a research method developed by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) to support collaborative scoping processes and provide participants with structured spaces to learn, discuss issues, and to reflect on their day-to-day work and how to apply learning. CORE was designed as a rapid response mechanism to address the sudden global shifts caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The initiative supports 21 research projects with Southern partners across 42 countries. It seeks to understand the socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic, improve existing responses, and generate better policy options for recovery. The CORE Learning Journey was managed by the ‘Knowledge Translation’ (KT) supplier for CORE, the UK-based IDS. It brought together grantees, IDRC senior management, Regional Directors (RD), Program Officers (PO), and IDS staff, to share experiences and reflect on the successes and challenges of the CORE programme. It was framed around a central learning question: What are the key lessons to emerge from the IDRC experience of funding CORE as a responsive mechanism to provide innovative Southern-led policy and practice solutions in the context of a rapid onset and rapidly evolving global crisis?
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.