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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Additional radiation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 26 жовтня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Additional radiation"

Kolesnichenko, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. "Simple waves and small perturbations in radiative gas dynamics." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 48 (2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2023-48.

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The paper analyses one-dimensional simple waves and small-amplitude disturbances in radiating and scattering grey gas. The governing equation of radiation acoustics describing the dynamics of simple waves is derived. Radiation-thermal dissipation conditions and radiation resistance force are introduced into this equation to describe the propagation and attenuation of various radiation perturbation waves. To study non-equilibrium wave phenomena in a radiating medium, the phenomenological Whitham method is used. This method is an effective way to analyse fundamental modes when more than one velocity appears in the governing equation. The use of this method is demonstrated in the paper by considering the evolution of one-dimensional harmonic waves caused by a short-wave initial perturbation of the equilibrium state of the radiating and scattering medium. For all wave modes, analytical solutions have been obtained, which allow us to understand their physical significance. These solutions can be, in particular, an additional test for radiative hydrodynamic codes operating in the radiative acoustics regime. The general approach can be useful in the development of higher-order Godunov numerical schemes for radiation hydrodynamics problems.

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Schwarz, Benjamin, Matthias Sammer, Nicole Matejka, Sarah Rudigkeit, and Judith Reindl. "High-LET targeted microbeam irradiation induces local chromatin reorganization in living cells showing active basal mechanisms at highly complex DNA damage sites." Journal of Radiation Research and Imaging 2, no. 1 (May 9, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46439/radiation.2.006.

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DNA repair eukaryotic cells have additional protective mechanisms that avoid uncontrolled interaction of different parts of the chromatin and damaged regions. Key factors here are the regulation of chromatin density and mobility. The 4D (temporal and spatial) organization of chromatin is controlling this security barrier by regulating the accessibility of genes, flexibility of DNA, and its ability to move inside the nucleus. How this regulation mechanisms are involved in DNA repair upon radiation damage is until now rarely known but an important part to understand the enhanced effectiveness of high linear energy transfer (LET) particles. The damage recognition via PARP1 and the subsequent chromatin decondensation via PARylation is a crucial step in the DNA damage response (DDR). Upon We used the SNAKE microbeam with a beam spot size of <1 µm to induce highly localized DNA damage in living cells using 55 MeV Carbon ions to investigate the chromatin rearrangements in the early stage of DDR. The nuclei were irradiated with a cross pattern consisting of 1000 ions per spot and 25 spots per cell either with one (11 000 Gy), two (22 000 Gy), or three crosses (33 000 Gy). The chromatin rearrangement was imaged live for several minutes after irradiation at the beam using SiR chromatin stain. Upon 91% of the cells show a localized decondensation starting from a few seconds up to minutes after irradiation. The chromatin is decondensed by 6%-8% in the beam path with a local condensation at the edges of up to 8%. Our results suggest that chromatin decondensation is a fast process in the first few seconds after damage induction. Furthermore, decondensation status does not change over minutes, which gives evidence that this process and therefore DDR is paused or even stopped. In combination with the existing knowledge about early reactions to damage induction our data support the model of PARP induced chromatin decondensation. Furthermore, it is evident that also ultra-high doses of radiation are, in first place not able to inactivate initial basal mechanisms as response to damage induction.

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Martín Sánchez, A., J. de la Torre Pérez, A. B. Ruano Sánchez, and F. L. Naranjo Correa. "Additional contamination when radon is in excess." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 81 (November 2013): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.03.004.

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Tan, Yuantao, Yaoke Duan, Qing Chi, Rong Wang, Yue Yin, Dongjie Cui, Shuang Li, et al. "The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Response to Radiation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 3346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043346.

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Radiation is widespread in nature, including ultraviolet radiation from the sun, cosmic radiation and radiation emitted by natural radionuclides. Over the years, the increasing industrialization of human beings has brought about more radiation, such as enhanced UV-B radiation due to ground ozone decay, and the emission and contamination of nuclear waste due to the increasing nuclear power plants and radioactive material industry. With additional radiation reaching plants, both negative effects including damage to cell membranes, reduction of photosynthetic rate and premature aging and benefits such as growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement have been observed. ROS (Reactive oxygen species) are reactive oxidants in plant cells, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (O2•−) and hydroxide anion radicals (·OH), which may stimulate the antioxidant system of plants and act as signaling molecules to regulate downstream reactions. A number of studies have observed the change of ROS in plant cells under radiation, and new technology such as RNA-seq has molecularly revealed the regulation of radiative biological effects by ROS. This review summarized recent progress on the role of ROS in plant response to radiations including UV, ion beam and plasma, and may help to reveal the mechanisms of plant responses to radiation.

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CHIDA, KOICHI, YOSHIAKI MORISHIMA, YOSHIAKI KATAHIRA, HIROO CHIBA, and MASAYUKI ZUGUCHI. "Evaluation of Additional Lead Shielding in Protecting the Physician from Radiation during Cardiac Interventional Procedures." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 61, no. 12 (2005): 1632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00004022974.

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Al-Murshedi, Sadeq, and Ali Mohammed Ali. "Influence of additional filters on radiation dose during chest radiography." Journal of Kufa-Physics 14, no. 02 (January 3, 2023): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140206.

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The goal of this study was to examine the impact of using additional aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) filters on radiation dose during the adult chest x-ray examination. Adult chest phantoms without and with different slabs of animal fat were used for simulating underweight, overweight, and obese patients, respectively. Phantoms were examined without and with various levels of extra Al and Cu filtering over a range of exposure parameters. A dose area product (DAP) meter was used to measure the radiation dose. Results demonstrated that radiation doses were significantly reduced (p=0.001) when applying extra filters compared with no filters for all of the different phantom sizes. The highest reduction in radiation dosage was 38, 41, and 42 percent for underweight, overweight, and obese phantom size, respectively, by 1mm Al+0.2mm Cu. In conclusion, the use of extra filters in chest x-ray imaging provides an optimal dose reduction choice regardless of the thickness of the chest region to be radiographed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/JKP/2022/140206

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Ferrant, A., M. Cogneau, N. Leners, F. Jamar, P. Martiat, and JL Michaux. "52Fe for additional marrow ablation before bone marrow transplantation." Blood 81, no. 12 (June 15, 1993): 3435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.12.3435.3435.

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Abstract The effectiveness of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for malignant blood diseases remains limited by the inability of the preparative regimen to eliminate the disease without causing toxicity to normal organs. We have used 52Fe to deliver radiotherapy selectively to the BM. Fourteen patients with hematologic malignancies received 52Fe before a conventional BMT conditioning regimen. The median 52Fe dose was 58 mCi (range, 32 to 85 mCi). As evaluated by quantitative scanning, the median percentage of 52Fe taken up by the BM was 82% (range, 36% to 90%). This resulted in a median radiation-absorbed dose to the BM of 632 rad (range, 151 to 1,144 rad). The median uptake of 52Fe by the liver was 18% (range, 10% to 64%) and the median radiation-absorbed dose to the liver was 239 rad (range, 82 to 526 rad). The median whole body radiation-absorbed dose was 46 rad (range, 22 to 68 rad). No untoward effects were noted after the injections of 52Fe. The patients recovered hematopoiesis without toxicity in excess of that expected with conventional conditioning alone. The median follow-up was 8 months and three patients have relapsed. 52Fe should provide a way to boost the radiation dose to marrow-based diseases before marrow transplantation without increasing toxicity.

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The effectiveness of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for malignant blood diseases remains limited by the inability of the preparative regimen to eliminate the disease without causing toxicity to normal organs. We have used 52Fe to deliver radiotherapy selectively to the BM. Fourteen patients with hematologic malignancies received 52Fe before a conventional BMT conditioning regimen. The median 52Fe dose was 58 mCi (range, 32 to 85 mCi). As evaluated by quantitative scanning, the median percentage of 52Fe taken up by the BM was 82% (range, 36% to 90%). This resulted in a median radiation-absorbed dose to the BM of 632 rad (range, 151 to 1,144 rad). The median uptake of 52Fe by the liver was 18% (range, 10% to 64%) and the median radiation-absorbed dose to the liver was 239 rad (range, 82 to 526 rad). The median whole body radiation-absorbed dose was 46 rad (range, 22 to 68 rad). No untoward effects were noted after the injections of 52Fe. The patients recovered hematopoiesis without toxicity in excess of that expected with conventional conditioning alone. The median follow-up was 8 months and three patients have relapsed. 52Fe should provide a way to boost the radiation dose to marrow-based diseases before marrow transplantation without increasing toxicity.

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Kotyk, M., V. Andriychuk, and A. Herts. "Lighting instalations for plants lightculture with additional impulsive radiation." Scientific journal of the Ternopil national technical university 92, no. 4 (2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/visnyk_tntu2018.04.091.

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Wiseman, Gregory A., Bryan R. Leigh, William L. Dunn, Michael G. Stabin, and Christine A. White. "Additional Radiation Absorbed Dose Estimates for Zevalin™ Radioimmunotherapy." Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals 18, no. 2 (April 2003): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/108497803765036436.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Additional radiation"

Fricker, Katherine. "Collateral exposure: the additional dose from radiation treatment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10361.

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For patients receiving radiation therapy, there is a risk of developing radiation induced carcinomas, especially if they have a long life expectancy. However, radiotherapy is not the only contributor of radiation exposure to healthy tissue. With the introduction of highly conformal treatment techniques comes the increase in pretreatment imaging necessary to accurately target tumour volumes and consequently, radiation exposure to healthy tissue. In this work the radiation dose delivered to radiosensitive organs from a number of treatment planning techniques was evaluated and the risk of radiation induced cancer was assessed. MOSFET detectors and Gafchromic film were used to measure the accumulative concomitant dose to the thyroid and contralateral breast from early stage breast carcinoma radiotherapy and to the contralateral testis from seminoma radiotherapy, with dose contributions from CT imaging for treatment planning, pretreatment imaging (CBCT) and treatment delivery peripheral dose. To the author's knowledge this is the first work investigating the total concomitant treatment related dose and associated risk to these treatment sites. Peripheral dose contributed the largest concomitant dose to the healthy tissue, measuring up to 0.7, 1.0 and 5.0 Gy to the testis, thyroid and contralateral breast, respectively. The highest testicular, thyroid and contralateral breast carcinoma risk was found to be 0.4, 0.2 and 1.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the risk of radiation induced carcinoma to the assessed radiosensitive tissues was found to be minimal, however, when considering treatment techniques and/or introducing pretreatment imaging protocols, the dose to the normal tissue should be kept as low as reasonably achievable.

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Bai, Dongyun. "Study of additional radiation in the initial-state-radiation processes e⁺e⁻ → µ⁺µ⁻γ and e⁺e⁻ → π⁺π⁻γ in the BABAR experiment". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP087.

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Cette thèse présente une étude dédiée du rayonnement supplémentaire dans les événements e⁺e⁻ → µ⁺µ⁻γ et e⁺e⁻ → π⁺π⁻γ avec un rayonnement dans l’état initial (ISR). L’étude est basée sur les données recueillies par le détecteur BABAR, correspondant à une luminosité intégrée de 424,2 fb⁻¹ et 43,9 fb⁻¹ à la résonance Y(4S) et en dessous de la résonance, respectivement. Les événements ISR à deux corps sont sélectionnés en exigeant que l’énergie du photon ISR dans le système du centre de masse E^*_ γISR soit supérieure à 4 GeV et que ISR l’angle polaire dans le laboratoire soit compris entre 0,35 et 2,4 rad, et qu’il y ait exactement deux traces avec les charges opposées, chacune avec une impulsion transverse p_T > 0,1 GeV et dans la plage angulaire entre 0,4 et 2,45 rad. Dans les événements avec deux candidats photons ISR, le photon ISR est choisi comme étant celui avec l’énergie E^*_ γISR la plus élevée. Des ajustements cinématiques d’ordre suivant (NLO) et d’ordre supérieur (NNLO) sont effectués pour étudier le rayonnement d’un ou deux photons respectivement dans les états initiaux et finals en plus du photon ISR. Plusieurs arbres de décision boostés (BDTs) basés sur la technique multivariée sont réalisés pour (1) déterminer les facteurs de normalisation des bruits de fonds multihadrons simulés à partir des processus qqbar et 3π, (2) séparer les signaux dimuon et dipion des bruits de fond dans un plan bidimensionnel en χ² d’ajustements cinématiques avec un photon supplémentaire à petit ou grand angle, et (3) supprimer les contributions des bruits de fond dans des échantillons de dipions avec deux photons supplémentaires. Suivant les méthodes de l’analyse précédente de BABAR, de nouveaux résultats sont présentés sur les processus NLO et comparés aux prédictions, en comparaison avec les prédictions des générateurs Monte Carlo (MC) PHOKHARA et AFKQED. La comparaison révèle des écarts dans les taux et également dans les distributions angulaires du photon supplémentaire entre les données et le générateur PHOKHARA. Le désaccord observé a un effet négligeable sur la mesure BABAR de la section efficace du dipion, mais il pourrait affecter de manière plus significative d’autres mesures basées sur la méthode ISR. Pour approfondir les résultats de l’analyse NLO, une analyse 0C basée sur la reconstruction cinématique à zéro contrainte de l’échantillon complet de muons est effectuée et valide le désaccord observé. Les contributions substantielles de NNLO sont étudiées et quantifiées dans les processus dimuon et dipion. Les implications de ces résultats pour d’autres expériences sont brièvement discutées et comparées
This thesis presents a dedicated study of additional radiation in e⁺e⁻ → µ⁺µ⁻γ and e⁺e⁻ → π⁺π⁻γ initial-state-radiation (ISR) events. This study is based on the data collected by the BABAR detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 424.2 fb⁻¹ and 43.9 fb⁻¹ at and below the Y(4S) resonance, respectively. Two-body ISR events are selected by requiring the ISR photon energy in the center-of-mass frame E^*_ γISR be greater than 4 GeV and the laboratory polar angle in the range 0.35-2.45 rad, and exactly two opposite charged tracks, each with transverse momentum p_T > 0,1 GeV and within the angular range 0.40-2.45 rad. In the events with two ISR photon candidates, the ISR photon is chosen to be that with the higher E^*_ γISR. Kinematic fits of next-to-leading order (NLO) and next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) are performed to probe the radiation of one or two photons respectively in the initial and final states in addition to the ISR photon. Several boosted decision trees (BDTs) based on the multivariate technique are performed to (1) determine the normalization factors for simulated multihadron backgrounds from qqbar and 3π processes, (2) separate dimuon and dipion signals from backgrounds in a two-dimensional χ² plane of kinematic fits with a small-or large-angle additional photon, and (3) suppress background contributions in dipion samples with two additional photons. New results are presented for processes at NLO following the previous BABAR analysis, comparing with predictions from PHOKHARA and AFKQED Monte Carlo (MC) generators. The comparison reveals discrepancies in the one-photon rates and the PHOKHARA generator. The observed disagreement has a negligible effect on the BABAR measurement of the dipion cross section, but it could affect other ISR-based measurements more significantly. To further investigate the results from the NLO analysis, a 0C analysis which stands for zero constraint kinematic reconstruction of the full muon sample is performed and validates the observed disagreement. Substantial NNLO contributions are studied and quantified in both dimuon and dipion processes. Implications of these results for other experiments are briefly discussed and compared

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Akin, Myles. "Site specific thermodynamic study of OH radical addition to DNA bases." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33919.

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In medical and health physics, we are interested in the effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems, in particular, human biology. The main process by which ionizing radiations causes damage to biological systems, is through the creation of radicals close to DNA strands. The radicals are very reactive and those created within close proximity to DNA will react with the DNA causing damage, in particular single strand or double strand breaks. This damage to the DNA can cause mutations that can kill the cell, either mitotically or apoptotically, or possibly lead to a cancerous formation. Therefore it is important to study how these radicals interact with DNA strands for a correlation between the resultant products of radical reactions and DNA strand breaks. For this study, we look at the most important radical, the OH radical and it's addition to DNA bases. We will study, through quantum chemistry, the thermodynamics of OH radical addition to the four bases, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine. The Jaguar program developed by Schrodinger was used for DFT calculations of the Gibbs free energy of the addition. In addition, calculations for the partial charge, HOMO's and Fukui indices were calculated and compared to experiment.

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Duncan, Morris. "Surface and sensor studies of doped titanium dioxide." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365772.

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Blyth, Simon Charles. "A study of radiative muon-pair events at Z'0 energies and limits on an additional Z'/ gauge boson." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240519.

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Souriau, Jean-Charles. "Recherche d'un matériau laser monocristallin susceptible de présenter une émission stimulée vers 1550 ou 2000 nm à température ambiante." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10198.

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Les applications des lasers susceptibles d'emettre a temperature ambiante dans la zone de securite oculaire autour de 1550 et 2000 nm sont tres nombreuses: telemetrie, altimetrie, anemometrie. . . L'obtention de ces lasers peut etre realisee par le dopage de matrices transparentes par les ions terres rares er#3#+, tm#3#+ et ho#3#+. Ceux-ci presentent respectivement une transition radiative vers 1550, 2000 et 2100 nm. Cependant les interactions entre ces ions conduisent a des mecanismes qui diminuent les rendements laser dans l'infrarouge. L'objet de cette these est de decouvrir de nouvelles matrices monocristallines permettant d'accueillir les ions cites ci-dessus et presentant, a la fois de bonnes proprietes thermomecaniques et des performances laser interessantes. Les proprietes luminescentes d'une vingtaine de matrices polycristallines dopees ont ete etudiees. A l'issue de cette etude, plusieurs d'entre elles ont ete selectionnees. L'elaboration sous forme monocristalline par la methode de tirage czochralski a pu etre realisee pour les systemes suivants: y#2sio#5, cayalo#4 et sry#4(sio#4)#3o dopes avec les ions er#3#+ et codopes yb#3#+-er#3#+ (l'ion yb#3#+ jouant le role de sensibilisateur) et pour les matrices y#2sio#5 et sry#4(sio#4)#3o dopees avec les ions tm#3#+. Une caracterisation approfondie des proprietes optiques de ces materiaux est presentee dans cette these. Enfin, nous avons demontre pour la premiere fois un effet laser a temperature ambiante, a 1576 nm dans un cristal de y#2sio#5:yb#3#+-er#3#+ et a 1554 nm dans un cristal de sry#4(sio#4)#3o:yb#3#+-er#3#+. Ce sont les seuls systemes monocristallins presentant une emission laser aussi proche de la fameuse longueur d'onde 1550 nm. De meme, le premier effet laser a 1988 nm a ete montre dans le systeme sry#4(sio#4)#3o:tm#3#+. Ces performances laser ont ete comparees a d'autres systemes et en particulier a celles du y#2sio#5:tm#3#+

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HEILMAN, SONIA. "Efeito da radiação ionizante nos revestimentos de cateteres de poliuretano com nanopartículas de prata." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25674.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-02-03T12:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0
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Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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FUJIMOTO, TALITA G. "Microestrutura e propriedades elétricas e dielétricas do titanato de estrôncio puro e contendo aditivos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26933.

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Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-12-21T16:28:43Z No. of bitstreams: 0
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O titanato de estrôncio (SrTiO3) possui estrutura cristalina do tipo perovsquita. Materiais com este tipo de estrutura são utilizados para diversas aplicações, tais como, sensores, atuadores, em células a combustível de óxido sólido, entre outros. Devido as suas interessantes propriedades físicas, o SrTiO3 vem sendo intensamente estudado, em especial com a introdução de dopantes. Portanto, neste trabalho foi investigada a influência de diferentes teores de Ca (1; 2,5 e 5% mol) e Pr (0,025; 0,050; 0,075 e 1% mol) na microestrutura e propriedades elétricas e dielétricas do SrTiO3, assim como o material sem aditivos (puro). Os resultados mostram que após a sinterização do SrTiO3 puro, a microestrutura consiste de grãos poligonais com tamanho médio micrométrico, além de texturas lisas e rugosas. A condutividade elétrica das amostras sintetizadas sinterizadas a 1450 e 1500ºC é máxima para 2 horas de patamar. Apenas as amostras de SrTiO3 contendo 1% em mol de Ca apresentam fase única. O tamanho médio de grãos das amostras contendo 1% em mol de Ca é 10,65 ± 0,28 µm e para teores acima deste valor ocorre crescimento significativo dos grãos. As medidas de condutividade elétrica mostraram que as amostras contendo a adição de 1% em mol de Ca possuem maior condutividade dos grãos em relação ao material puro. Para as amostras contendo teores de até 0,075% mol de Pr, pode-se observar alguns grãos lisos e outros rugosos e não há variação considerável do tamanho médio de grãos. As amostras contendo menor teor de Pr (0,025% mol) apresentam maior condutividade dos grãos e contornos de grãos. As amostras de SrTiO3 sintetizado sinterizadas a 1450ºC/10 h apresentaram permissividade elétrica colossal em temperatura ambiente em altas frequências.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Charvat, Ales. "Etude, réalisation et caractérisation d'un spectromètre d'absorption intracavité à l'aide d'un laser Ti:Saphir." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10223.

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Les mesures precises de faibles absorptions dues a des molecules en phase gazeuse requierent une technique qui soit a la fois de haute sensibilite et quantitative. La technique de l'absorption intracavite laser (iclas) repond bien a ce double besoin. Notre travail a ete consacree a l'etude, la realisation et la caracterisation d'un spectrometre iclas a l'aide d'un laser ti:saphir pompe par un laser a argon. Pour cela nous avons modelise et compare des structures de cavites en z a astigmatisme compense, lineaire et en anneau a l'aide des matrices abcd. Nous avons entrepris ensuite l'etude de la dynamique spectro-temporelle de tels lasers et etudie les limitations de la sensibilite. Ces etudes ont montre que la longueur equivalente d'absorption de notre spectrometre est de l'ordre de 30 000 km ce qui est proche de la sensibilite limite due a l'emission spontanee. D'autre part les etudes theoriques et experimentales du regime transitoire des oscillations de relaxation ont confirme que l'absorption intracavite evolue lineairement en fonction du temps de generation durant cette periode. Du fait d'un temps d'etablissement important, la notion de temps de generation effectif a du etre introduite. Nous avons egalement evalue l'influence sur le fonctionnement du laser des gradients d'indice dans le cristal, gradients qui sont dus soit au pompage longitudinal (lentille thermique), soit a l'effet kerr (blocage des modes). L'etude des etats de polarisation de la lumiere nous a permis de degager une conclusion importante: la birefringence du cristal reduit la sensibilite du spectrometre iclas en provoquant d'importantes modulations spectrales et en empechant le fonctionnement unidirectionnel dans un laser en anneau. Pour s'en affranchir nous avons utilise un cristal dont l'axe optique est parallele au faisceau laser. Notre spectrometre a deja permis d'obtenir de nombreux spectres moleculaires en cellule (chd#3, n#2o, co#2) et en jet supersonique (ch#4, no#2)

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Goutaland, François. "Processus multiphotoniques, défauts ponctuels et mécanismes de leur formation dans les fibres optiques : étude par spectroscopie laser." Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STET4021.

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Ce mémoire se compose de deux parties, la première consacrée à l'étude des processus multiphotoniques se produisant dans des fibres optiques fortement dopées avec des ions er3+ et yb3+, et la seconde à l'étude des défauts induits par différents traitements dans des fibres germanosilicates. En étudiant la spectroscopie d'émission des fibres fortement dopées, sous excitations visibles (488 nm) et infrarouge (790 - 880 nm), nous mettons en évidence les différents mécanismes aux émissions bleues, vertes et rouge observées. Deux principaux types de processus d'up - conversion peuvent alors être distingués : ceux faisant appel aux transferts d'énergie Yb er et ceux faisant intervenir le phénomène d'absorption dans l'état excité (ESA). L'influence de la longueur de fibre et des concentrations en ions de terre rare sur les efficacités respectives de chacun de ces deux mécanismes est ensuite abordée. Après une présentation bibliographique des différents défauts dans la silice et les fibres germanosilicates, nous présentons le phénomène appelé dépendance modale du spectre d'émission d'une fibre optique, c'est-à-dire la variation du spectre d'émission d'une fibre en fonction du mode excité. L'évolution avec la température d'une bande d'émission centrée autour de 600 nm nous permet ensuite d'attribuer cette émission à des radicaux péroxys. Nous montrons alors que ces radicaux péroxys peuvent être photoinduits dans le CUR des fibres par irradiation intense à 488 nm. Enfin, nous étudions par spectroscopie Raman et spectroscopie d'émission les défauts générés dans deux types de fibres germanosilicates irradiées à 240 nm. Une technique de filtrage spatial du mode excité permet alors de séparer les défauts photoinduits dans le CUR de ces fibres de ceux localisés près de l'interface CUR/gaine

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Книги з теми "Additional radiation"

Kulepanov, Vladimir. Ionizing radiation in the hydrosphere. Introduction to radiobiology and radioecology of hydrobionts. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014635.

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The textbook contains information about the history of the discovery and study of ionizing radiation, about the development and formation of radiobiology and radioecology. The characteristics of ionizing radiation, radiation dose units and activity are given. The effect of ionizing radiation on biological systems is described. Modern problems of radioecology are considered. Compiled taking into account the current curriculum for the specialty "Life safety in the technosphere", it includes the main provisions of radiobiology and radioecology. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for independent work of students, bachelors and postgraduates, it can also be used as additional material at lectures and methodological material at seminars on the courses "Ecology "and"Marine Ecology".

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United States. Government Accountability Office. Energy employees compensation: Adjustments made to contracted review process, but additional oversight and planning would aid the advisory board in meeting its statutory responsibilities : report to the Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 2006.

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Rainer, Bauske, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. The Shoemaker-Levy 9/Jupiter impact: Auroral and high energy processes : final report for NASA grant NAGW-4797; original funding period: September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996, extended at no additional cost to September 30, 1997. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Telecommunications: Additional federal efforts could help advance digital television transition : report to the ranking minority member, Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: General Accounting Office (441 G St. NW, Room LM, Washington, 20548), 2002.

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Great Britain. Health and Safety Commission., ed. Dose limitation: Restriction of exposure : additional guidance on regulation 6 of the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1985 : approved code of practice Part 4. London: H.M.S.O., 1991.

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Great Britain. Health and Safety Commission., ed. Draft approved code of practice, part 4: Dose limitation-restriction of exposure: Additional guidance on regulation 6 of the Ionising Radiations Regulations (IRR 85). London: Health and Safety Executive, 1990.

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Lee, Christoph I. Imaging Utilization Trends and Radiation Exposure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190223700.003.0049.

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This chapter, found in the radiation exposure from medical imaging section of the book, provides a succinct synopsis of a key study examining advanced imaging utilization trends and radiation-induced cancer risks. This summary outlines the study methodology and design, major results, limitations and criticisms, related studies and additional information, and clinical implications. Results showed that the utilization rates for advanced imaging in a population enrolled in various integrated health systems increased substantially from 1995 to 2010. Given the potential radiation-induced cancer risks associated with advanced imaging, researchers concluded that the clinical benefits of advanced imaging should be quantified to determine the relative risk-benefit ratios of advanced imaging procedures. In addition to outlining the most salient features of the study, a clinical vignette is included in order to provide relevant clinical context.

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Lee, Christoph I. Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation from Medical Imaging. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190223700.003.0050.

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This chapter, found in the radiation exposure from medical imaging section of the book, provides a succinct synopsis of a key study examining low-dose ionizing radiation exposure and radiation-induced cancer risks. This summary outlines the study methodology and design, major results, limitations and criticisms, related studies and additional information, and clinical implications. The study reported that a substantial proportion of the nonelderly US population is exposed to medium to very high annual effective doses from medical imaging procedures. Strategies ensuring the appropriate use of medical imaging associated with ionizing radiation should be developed and adopted widely. In addition to outlining the most salient features of the study, a clinical vignette is included in order to provide relevant clinical context.

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Syed, Almas, Robert Evans Heithaus, and Chet R. Rees. Reducing Operator Exposure Using Suspended Radiation Protection System. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0105.

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The increasing utilization of radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has provided impetus for improved strategies of radiation protection for interventionalists. The associated discomfort, disability, and career-shortening effects of lead aprons for heavy fluoroscopy users have served as an impetus for the development of lighter and more comfortable models. A suspended radiation protection system employs the use of a “weightless” shield resembling a thick large lead apron with head shield and arm shields. The shield moves with the operator like a garment, providing extensive protection without orthopedic strain or discomfort while maintaining full user functionality. Utilization of a suspended radiation protection system provides the operator with optimum radiation protection, without any additional weight, and maintains procedural flexibility.

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Частини книг з теми "Additional radiation"

de Bakker, E., M. C. E. van Leeuwen, O. W. M. Meijer, and F. B. Niessen. "Additional Invasive Techniques in Scar Management." In Textbook on Scar Management, 343–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_40.

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AbstractRadiation therapy is a last resort option for recurring and therapy-resistant keloid scars. It represents a significant burden to the patient and both financially and logistically to the healthcare system. Radiation therapy yields excellent results, both functionally and aesthetically and in low recurrence rates. An efficacious treatment protocol consists of excision of the entire keloid, followed by rapid administration of the first radiation dose. The most commonly used techniques are external radiation, low-dose-rate brachytherapy, and high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy is associated with fewer side effects and a lower recurrence rate in comparison with external radiation. The use of high-dose-rate brachytherapy is more convenient because it allows an outpatient setting and prevents unnecessary radiation damage to the surrounding tissue. Although more research is needed, a biological effective dose (BED) of 20–30 Gy, for example, 2 × 6 Gy, seems sufficient for most cases. The most commonly seen complications are erythema, temporary and permanent pigmentation disturbances, and telangiectasia. Although it is necessary to mention the risk of inducing secondary malignancy in the treated area, only a few cases have been described, out of which none were caused by brachytherapy.

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Levizou, E., and Y. Manetas. "Combined effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and additional nutrients on growth of two Mediterranean plant species." In Responses of Plants to UV-B Radiation, 179–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2892-8_17.

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Kyparissis, Aris, Periklis Drilias, Yiola Petropoulou, George Grammatikopoulos, and Yiannis Manetas. "Effects of UV-B radiation and additional irrigation on the Mediterranean evergreen sclerophyll Ceratonia siliqua L. under field conditions." In Responses of Plants to UV-B Radiation, 187–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2892-8_18.

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Goss, W. M., Claire Hooker, and Ronald D. Ekers. "The Development of a Theory for Radio Emission." In Historical & Cultural Astronomy, 535–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07916-0_34.

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AbstractThe discovery of the synchrotron radiation mechanism as the explanation of galactic and extragalactic sources of radio emission marked a major development in radio astronomy, providing much needed coherence to so many unexpected observations from the late 1940s. Through the decade 1948–1958 Joe Pawsey was keenly aware of how hampered his researchers were by the absence of theory—both of mathematical, and of big-picture conceptual, understanding of the phenomena they were observing. This chapter explores the technical and social difficulties that had to be overcome for synchrotron radiation to be understood and accepted as the primary non-thermal emission mechanism in non-solar radio astronomy; it extends, with additional detail and commentary, Sullivan’s discussion of this question.

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Trillos, Juan Camilo Gomez, Dennis Wilken, Urte Brand, and Thomas Vogt. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Hydrogen and Fuel Cell RoPax Ferry Prototype." In Progress in Life Cycle Assessment 2019, 5–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50519-6_2.

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AbstractEstimates for the greenhouse gas emissions caused by maritime transportation account for approx. 870 million tonnes of CO2 tonnes in 2018, increasing the awareness of the public in general and requiring the development of alternative propulsion systems and fuels to reduce them. In this context, the project HySeas III is developing a hydrogen and fuel cell powered roll-on/roll off and passenger ferry intended for the crossing between Kirkwall and Shapinsay in the Orkney Islands in Scotland, a region which currently has an excess of wind and tidal power. In order to explore the environmental aspects of this alternative, a life cycle assessment from cradle to end-of-use using the ReCiPe 2016 method was conducted, contrasting the proposed prototype developed within the project against a conventional diesel ferry and a diesel hybrid ferry. The results show that the use of hydrogen derived from wind energy and fuel cells for ship propulsion allow the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of up to 89% compared with a conventional diesel ferry. Additional benefits are lower stratospheric ozone depletion, ionizing radiation, ozone formation, particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification and use of fossil resources. In turn, there is an increase in other impact categories when compared with diesel electric and diesel battery electric propulsion. Additionally, the analysis of endpoint categories shows less impact in terms of damage to human health, to the ecosystems and to resource availability for the hydrogen alternative compared to conventional power trains.

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Huber, Josef Georg, Horst Schmidt-Böcking, and Bretislav Friedrich. "Walther Gerlach (1889–1979): Precision Physicist, Educator and Research Organizer, Historian of Science." In Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry, 119–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63963-1_8.

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AbstractWalther Gerlach’s numerous contributions to physics include precision measurements related to the black-body radiation (1912–1916) as well as the first-ever quantitative measurement of the radiation pressure (1923), apart from his key role in the epochal Stern-Gerlach experiment (1921–1922). His wide-ranging research programs at the Universities of Tübingen, Frankfurt, and Munich entailed spectroscopy and spectral analysis, the study of the magnetic properties of matter, and radioactivity. An important player in the physics community already in his 20s and in the German academia in his later years, Gerlach was appointed, on Werner Heisenberg’s recommendation, Plenipotentiary for nuclear research for the last sixteen months of the existence of the Third Reich. He supported the effort of the German physicists to achieve a controlled chain reaction in a uranium reactor until the last moments before the effort was halted by the Allied Alsos Mission. The reader can find additional discussion of Gerlach’s role in the supplementary material provided with the online version of the chapter on SpringerLink. After returning from his detention at Farm Hall, he redirected his boundless elan and determination to the reconstruction of German academia. Among his high-ranking appointments in the Federal Republic were the presidency of the University of Munich (1948–1951) and of the Fraunhofer Society (1948–1951) as well as the vice-presidency of the German Science Foundation (1949–1961) and the German Physical Society (1956–1957). As a member of Göttinger Achtzehn, he signed the Göttingen Declaration (1957) against arming the Bundeswehr with nuclear weapons. Having made history in physics, Gerlach became a prolific writer on the history of physics. Johannes Kepler was his favorite subject and personal hero—as both a scientist and humanist.

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Frohns, A., and F. Frohns. "Safety of Water-Filtered Infrared A (wIRA) on the Eye as a Novel Treatment Option for Chlamydial Infections." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 259–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_22.

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AbstractwIRA has been shown to reduce chlamydial infections in vitro and in vivo and might therefore offer an innovative therapeutic approach for fighting trachoma. However, since the eye is a highly temperature- and radiation-sensitive organ, a safety assessment of the ocular structures affected by wIRA treatment is required to establish wIRA as a potentially successful treatment option for clinical application. A prerequisite for this is to demonstrate that wIRA does not have adverse side-effects such as inducing a non-physiological temperature increase which causes cell stress and damage to ocular tissues and which, in turn, is ultimately associated with impaired vision. Likewise, the potential negative impact of non-thermal photochemical effects of wIRA irradiation needs to be investigated. Data from our ex vivo studies in pig and mouse models, as well as in vivo data in a guinea pig model, provide good evidence for the safe use of wIRA to treat chlamydial infections. These studies have excluded a non-physiological temperature rise as well as the activation of heat and stress-induced proteins after wIRA irradiation with therapy-relevant irradiances. Nevertheless, additional detailed in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to further advance the clinical use of wIRA.

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Brix, Nikko, and Kirsten Lauber. "Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Synergisms and Resistance Mechanisms." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 11–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23175-9_2.

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AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibition has emerged as an integral part of the standard-of-care for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in recurrent and/or metastatic stages. Clinical responses are impressive but remain limited to a minority of patients. Primary resistance of never-responders is considered to derive from host- and tumor-specific characteristics, the latter comprising tumor immune checkpoint activity, immune contexture, tumor mutational burden, neo-antigen load, and others. Secondary resistance of initially responding patients in addition, appears to be driven predominantly by irreversible T-cell exhaustion and therapy-induced selection of tumor cell clones with mutations in critical genes involved in the response to immune checkpoint inhibition. With particular focus on primary resistance against immune checkpoint inhibition, scientific interest of preclinical and clinical researchers currently aims at the development and evaluation of combined modality treatment approaches. Radiotherapy is a highly promising partner in this regard and represents a crucial treatment modality for patients with locally advanced HNSCC. Historically established as cytotoxic anti-cancer treatment, a growing body of evidence has shown additional locoregional and systemic immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy. These are largely attributed to reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment driven by dying and senescent irradiated tumor and normal tissue cells and the concomitant cascade of danger signals, chemokines, and cytokines which stimulate immune cell recruitment and activation. Moreover, the irradiated state of tumor cells bears interesting analogy to the anti-viral state, since fragments of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA that are released into the cytosol can stimulate cytosolic nucleic acid sensors to produce intra-tumoral type I interferons which are essential to (re-)activate the cancer immunity cycle and (re-)invigorate systemic anti-tumor T-cell responses. Apart from these tumor adjuvanticity enhancing effects, several reports have also described increased tumor antigenicity upon radiotherapy originating from radiation-induced exposure of neo-antigens. Collectively, radiotherapy thus may serve as a means of personalized in situ vaccination which can synergize with immune checkpoint inhibition and may help to undermine primary resistance. First clinical experiences have shown that scheduling and dosing of such combined modality treatment regimens are challenging. Moreover, recent preclinical evidence suggests that particularly the role of radiation-induced cytokines and interferons appears to be complex in such combined modality settings due to their ambiguous effects on tumor and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. The signaling cascades that orchestrate immune cell (re-)activation and cell fate decisions in irradiated tumor cells, including tumor cell survival, proliferation, and/or metastasis formation, are intimately interconnected and require further in-depth investigation.

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Lin, Fanglei. "Electron Polarization." In Polarized Beam Dynamics and Instrumentation in Particle Accelerators, 155–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16715-7_6.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the introduction and discussion of electron polarization. In addition to the gyromagnetic ratio, the most different character of electrons compared to protons is that electrons radiate electromagnetic energy in a circular accelerator. A very small correction has to be applied to the electron spin flip to account for the synchrotron radiation. The different instantaneous spin flip probabilities, up to down and down to up, can build up the electron beam polarization state. However, mostly synchrotron radiation tends to disturb the electron orbital motion that is eventually balanced by the radiation damping along an equilibrium orbit. The electron spin motion is described by the modified Thomas-BMT equation with the radiative spin transition term included. Detail of the electron (de)polarization phenomena is described in this chapter. The lecture is extracted from various early theoretical papers, lectures, thesis and presentations (Lee, Accelerator Physics. World Scientific Publishing, 1999; Buon and Koutchouk, Polarization of Electron and Proton Beams. CERN-SL-94-80-AP, 1994; Montague, Phys. Rep. 113(1):1–96, 1984; Lee, Spin Dynamics and Snakes in Synchrotrons. World Scientific Publishing, 1997; Barber and Ripken, Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, 1st edn. World Scientific Publishing, 2006; Barber, An Introduction to Spin Polarisation in Accelerators and Storage Rings. Cockcroft Institute Academic Training Winter Term, 2014; Mane, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. A 292:52–74, 1990; Berglund, Spin-Orbit Maps and Electron Spin Dynamics for the Luminosity Upgrade Project at HERA. DESY-THESIS-2001-044, 2001; Electron-Ion Collider Conceptual Design Report, 2020).

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Reindl, Judith, Ana Margarida Abrantes, Vidhula Ahire, Omid Azimzadeh, Sarah Baatout, Ans Baeyens, Bjorn Baselet, et al. "Molecular Radiation Biology." In Radiobiology Textbook, 83–189. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18810-7_3.

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AbstractVarious exogeneous and endogenous factors constantly cause damages in the biomolecules within a cell. For example, per day, 10,000–100,000 molecular lesions occur in DNA per cell. The molecule modifications that are formed disturb the structure and function of the affected molecules. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the damages to biomolecules caused by radiation, the associated repair pathways, and the effect on the cellular function. Special interest lies on the damages induced to DNA, the carrier of the human genome, and the consequence to genomic integrity, cell death, and cell survival. Additionally, related effects regarding inflammation and immunity, epigenetic factors, and omics are discussed. The chapter concludes with an explanation of the molecular factors of cellular hyper-radiosensitivity and induced radiation resistance.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Additional radiation"

Zakharchenko, Vladimir D. "Modelling of Low-altitude Altimeters Using Additional Frequency Modulation." In 2021 Radiation and Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves (RSEMW). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsemw52378.2021.9494124.

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Gai, Xinghui, Dewu Yang, Xunru Li, Yan Sui, Kang Liu, Junying Wang, and Mengjuan Zhao. "Effect of additional filtration on radiation dose and image quality." In 2022 IEEE 6th Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC ). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iaeac54830.2022.9930092.

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Bondar, I. I., and V. V. Suran. "The multiphoton transitions in the presence of additional strong nonresonant radiation." In The International Conference on Coherent and Nonlinear Optics, edited by Mikhail V. Fedorov, Wolfgang Sandner, Elisabeth Giacobino, Sergey Kilin, Sergei Kulik, Alexander Sergienko, Andre Bandrauk, and Alexander M. Sergeev. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.751797.

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Bondar', I. I., and V. V. Suran. "The multiphoton transitions in the presence of additional strong nonresonant radiation." In 2008 International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caol.2008.4671864.

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Schell, Norbert, Johannes von Borany, and Jens Hauser. "A Two Magnetron Sputter Deposition Chamber Equipped with an Additional Ion Gun for in situ Observation of Thin Film Growth and Surface Modification by Synchrotron Radiation Scattering." In SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION: Ninth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2436422.

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Li, Shulan, Yuan'an Liu, and Bihua Tang. "Analysis of Radiation Reduction of Coupled Microstrip Lines By Additional Via Fences." In 2007 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elmagc.2007.4413553.

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Gevorkyan, A. V. "The Radiation characteristics of UWB Printed Dipole Antenna with an Additional Connection Between the Radiators." In 2019 Antennas Design and Measurement International Conference (ADMInC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/adminc47948.2019.8969397.

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Minich, I. B., A. S. Minich, A. E. Ivanitckii, A. V. Gizbrekht, and S. V. Gizbrekht. "INFLUENCE OF ADDITIONAL LOW-INTENSIVE NARROW-BAND RADIATION ON MORPHOGENESIS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LACTUCA SATIVA." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-522-526.

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Bellagamba, L. "Production of top pair events with additional radiation using the ATLAS detector at the LHC." In XXII. International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.203.0162.

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Jordan, Rebecca H., Turan Erdogan, and Dennis G. Hall. "Radiation characteristics of concentric-circle grating, surface-emitting, semiconductor lasers." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.thu4.

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Coupled-mode analyses of surface-emitting, distributed-feedback lasers with concentric-circle diffraction gratings have described coupling between the waveguide modes, neglecting radiation.1 In this paper we discuss a model of the radiation characteristics of the concentric-circle grating. A boundary perturbation technique is applied to describe the interaction of the waveguide modes with the radiation field. A radiation coupling coefficient describes this interaction and relates the strength and shape of the radiated fields to those of the guided modes. The perturbation technique also predicts the far-field radiation patterns. We explore issues such as the effect of the additional radiative coupling on mode frequencies, threshold gain, and longitudinal mode profiles. An understanding of these radiation field effects is crucial for interpreting the relationship of beam quality to grating parameters such as period, depth of grating, and grating shape.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Additional radiation"

International Commssion on Illumination, CIE. CIE TN 013:2022 Terms related to Planckian radiation temperature for light sources. International Commssion on Illumination, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tn.013.2022.

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There are several terms which describe the Planckian radiation temperature for light sources, including radiance temperature, colour temperature, correlated colour temperature, distribution temperature and ratio temperature. This document provides descriptions of these terms, information on their applicability, and highlights relationships between them so that they may be consistently applied in all applications. Definitions and additional explanatory information for each term are given in this document. Obviously, the greater the difference between the radiation considered and a Planckian radiator, the more tenuous the interpretation of the temperature attribution. Guidelines as to agreed reasonable limits of applicability, if any, are therefore also given, together with information on the calculation of the associated measurement uncertainties where relevant. Keywords: Planckian radiation, Planckian radiatior, Thermodynamic temperature, Planckian radiator temperature, Blackbody temperature, Radiance temperature, Colour temperature, Correlated colour temperature, CCT, Distribution temperature, Ratio temperature

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Thomas, Charles, Jerald Geotz, Jeffrey Klemm, and Edward Ortlieb. Analysis of Radiation Exposure for Additional Naval Personnel at Operation CASTLE-Supplemental Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241846.

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CIE. CIE 250:2022 Spectroradiometric Measurement of Optical Radiation Sources. International Commission on Illumination, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.250.2022.

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This Technical Report provides basic measurement principles and practical guidance on spectroradiometry of optical radiation sources in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2 500 nm. The document primarily deals with spectral measurements of irradiance, radiance, radiant intensity, radiant flux and derivative quantities. The document provides a detailed overview of relevant terminology and basic measurement principles, including those for instrument calibration. It provides practical guidance for identifying, understanding and quantifying relevant measurement uncertainty components. This document replaces CIE 063-1984. Additional details on measurement principles not covered in this document can be found in CIE 214:2014. The document is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 94 pages with 41 figures and 3 tables and is readily available from the CIE Webshop or from the National Committees of the CIE.

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Hamill, Daniel D., Jeremy J. Giovando, Chandler S. Engel, Travis A. Dahl, and Michael D. Bartles. Application of a Radiation-Derived Temperature Index Model to the Willow Creek Watershed in Idaho, USA. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41360.

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The ability to simulate snow accumulation and melting processes is fundamental to developing real-time hydrological models in watersheds with a snowmelt-dominated flow regime. A primary source of uncertainty with this model development approach is the subjectivity related to which historical periods to use and how to combine parameters from multiple calibration events. The Hydrologic Engineering Center, Hydrological Modeling System, has recently implemented a hybrid temperature index (TI) snow module that has not been extensively tested. This study evaluates a radiatative temperature index (RTI) model’s performance relative to the traditional air TI model. The TI model for Willow Creek performed reasonably well in both the calibration and validation years. The results of the RTI calibration and validation simulations resulted in additional questions related to how best to parameterize this snow model. An RTI parameter sensitivity analysis indicates that the choice of calibration years will have a substantial impact on the parameters and thus the streamflow results. Based on the analysis completed in this study, further refinement and verification of the RTI model calculations are required before an objective comparison with the TI model can be completed.

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Fuchs, Marcel, Ishaiah Segal, Ehude Dayan, and K. Jordan. Improving Greenhouse Microclimate Control with the Help of Plant Temperature Measurements. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604930.bard.

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A model of the energy balance of a transpiring crop in a greenhouse was developed in a format suitable for use in climate control algorithms aimed at dissipating excess heat during the warm periods. The model's parameters use external climatic variables as input. It incorporates radiation and convective transfer functions related to the operation of control devices like shading screens, vents, fans and enhanced evaporative cooling devices. The model identified the leaf boundary-layer resistance and the leaf stomatal and cuticular resistance as critical parameters regulating the temperature of the foliage. Special experiments evaluated these variables and established their relation to environmental factors. The research established that for heat load conditions in Mediterranean and arid climates transpiring crops maintained their foliage temperature within the range allowing high productivity. Results specify that a water supply ensuring minimum leaf resistance to remain below 100 s m-1, and a ventilation rate of 30 air exchanges per hour, are the conditions needed to achieve self cooling. Two vegetable crops, tomato and sweet pepper fulfilled maintained their leaf resistance within the prescribed range at maturity, i.e., during the critical warm season. The research evaluates the effects of additional cooling obtained from wet pad systems and spray wetting of foliage.

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Weller, Joel, Harris Lewin, Micha Ron, George Wiggans, and Paul VanRaden. A Systematic Genome Search for Genes Affecting Economic Traits Dairy Cattle with the Aid of Genetic Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695836.bard.

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The objectives were to continue collection of semen for the US dairy bull DNA repository, to conduct a systematic search of the Holstein genome for economically significant economic trait loci (ETL), to develop and refine statistical techniques for the analysis of the data generated, and to confirm significant effects by genotyping daughters i Israel and additional US sons. One-thousand-seventy-six sons of eight US grandsires were genotyped for 174 microsatellites located on all 29 autosomes. ETL were detected for milk production traits on seven chromosomes. ETL for milk and fat yield and fat and protein percentage on BTA3 was mapped to between the markers BL41 and TGLA263. The 95% confidence interval for the ETL affecting fat percentage on BTA14 localized this ETL between the contromere and chromosome position 11 cM. This ETL was verified in the Israeli cattle population by genotyping an independent sample of cows from seven families. The radiation hybrid data for the centromeric region of BTA14 is defined by a single linkage group. Order of Type I genes within this region, CYC-FADK-TG-SQLE, is conserved between human and cattle. Thus, HSA8, the human homologue of BTA14, can be used to identify candidate genes for the ETL.

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Michael C. Weinberg, Donald R. Uhlmann, and Gary L. Smith. Influence of Radiation and Multivalent Cation Additions on Phase Separation and Crystallization of Glass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798533.

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Weinberg, Michael C., Donald R. Uhlmann, and Gary L. Smith. Influence Of Radiation And Multivalent Cation Additions On Phase Separation And Crystallization Of Glass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828373.

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Weinberg, Michael C. The Influence of Radiation and Multivalent Cation Additions on Phase Separation and Crystallization of Glass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828371.

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Salonvaara, Mikael, and André Desjarlais. The impact of the solar absorption coefficient of roof and wall surfaces on energy use and peak demand. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541650886.

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Climate change, electrification to decarbonize the building sector, and the rise of renewable energy sources have made reducing the peak demand even more important than solely reducing the overall energy use. Solar radiation can have a significant impact on the energy use of buildings. However, previous studies on solar absorption in building envelopes have focused on cool roofs. Less effort has been made to evaluate the impact of solar radiation on heat loss and gain on walls. This paper summarizes a preliminary study to estimate the magnitude of the benefit low solar absorptance surfaces have on reducing peak demand and focuses on simulating a residential building with two types of U.S. code-compliant wall structures, a standard lightweight wall assembly, and a thermally massive mass timber wall, to evaluate the impact of the solar absorption coefficient of the surfaces on the heating and cooling energy use and peak demand. This effort aimed to identify whether a more comprehensive study should be undertaken to develop further the calculation tools previously developed for estimating the energy benefits for roofing systems in the U.S. by adding a similar tool for wall assemblies. Reducing the solar absorption coefficient from 0.9 to 0.3 resulted in up to 46% lower cooling demand and a 70% increase in heating demand depending on the climate. Peak demand reductions for heating and cooling energy were similar to the reduction in heating or cooling energy use. However, the annual energy use changed up to only 12% as lowering the solar absorption coefficient reduces cooling demand but increases heating demand. Whether the total impact overall is harmful or beneficial depends on the climate and type of structure. Additionally, a cool roof calculator was used to estimate the impact of solar radiation on roofs. The learning from this study is that the exterior color and the solar absorption coefficient should be chosen based on the climate to positively impact the energy use profile and peak demand.

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