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Статті в журналах з теми "Additional Au layer"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Depuev, V. H., and S. A. Pulinets. "Intercosmos-19 observations of an additional topside ionization layer: the F3 layer." Advances in Space Research 27, no. 6-7 (January 2001): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00205-8.

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2

Krause, E. Tobias, and Lars Schrader. "Suggestions to Derive Maximum Stocking Densities for Layer Pullets." Animals 9, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060348.

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Stocking densities for domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) are regulated by the Council Directives of the European Union for both laying hens and broiler chickens. For layer pullets no regulation of stocking density has been established yet. Based on the existing Council Directives for laying hens (1999/74/EC), broiler chickens (2007/43/EC) and calculations of the floor space that is required for the respective chicken’s body, we exemplarily calculated maximum stocking densities for layer pullets. Based on the calculations we obtained absolute additional spaces for birds of different live body mass classes, i.e., useable floor space that the birds have additionally available to the space covered by their body. This allowed us to calculate the relative additional space per individual. We suggest the relative additional space to be a key parameter to derive requirements for a maximum stocking density in layer pullets. We analysed several scenarios for pullets under consideration of the Council Directives for laying hens and for broiler chickens, coming to the conclusion that layer pullets at the end of their rearing period should be provided ideally with a relative additional space of about 40–60%.

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3

Hou, Yufei, Degang Zhao, Feng Liang, Jing Yang, Ping Chen, and Zongshun Liu. "Characteristics of InGaN-based green laser diodes with additional InGaN hole reservoir layer." Vacuum 186 (April 2021): 110049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110049.

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4

Klimenko, M. V., B. Zhao, A. T. Karpachev, and V. V. Klimenko. "Stratification of the Low-Latitude and Near-EquatorialF2Layer, Topside Ionization Ledge, andF3Layer: What We Know about This? A Review." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/938057.

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A large number of researches have been devoted to the formation of additional layers in theFregion of the equatorial ionosphere, first of which has been published in 1940s. Originally the occurrence of such layer was named “stratification of equatorialF2layer.” The additional layer was later named as theF3layer. The theoretical researches have shown that theF3layer is formed by zonal component of electric field with assistance of meridional component of thermospheric wind and field-aligned plasma diffusion. The physical mechanism of theF3layer formation is clearly formulated for the morning-noon period, although theF3layer is also observed at other hours. This paper presents a brief review into the history of the additional layer researches, describes the current progress of these researches, and identifies the most important problems in this field of the ionospheric physics.

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5

Kim, Kwang-Dae, Dong Chan Lim, Myung-Geun Jeong, Hyun Ook Seo, Bo Yeol Seo, Joo Yul Lee, Youngsup Song, Shinuk Cho, Jae-Hong Lim, and Young Dok Kim. "Enhanced Stability of Organic Photovoltaics by Additional ZnO Layers on Rippled ZnO Electron-collecting Layer using Atomic Layer Deposition." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 35, no. 2 (February 20, 2014): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.2.353.

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6

Somonov, Vladislav, Igor Tsibulskiy, Ruslan Mendagaliyev, and Alexander Akhmetov. "Investigation of the Technological Possibility of Laser Hardening of Stainless Steel 14Cr17Ni2 to a Deep Depth of the Surface." Metals 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12010005.

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The article presents the results of a research of the process of laser hardening of steel 14Cr17Ni2 (AISI 431) by radiation of a high-power fiber laser LS-16. Assessment of the theoretically possible maximum depth in laser processing without additional beam transformations, the use of additional coatings and devices were shown. The results of experiments on increasing the depth of the hardened layer during laser processing by using scanning of the laser beam and optimally selected mode parameters without scanning are demonstrated. The influence of the number of passes on the depth of the hardened layer is investigated. The microstructure of hardened samples was studied and quantitative estimation of structural components was carried out. The microhardness of hardened samples at different modes of laser hardening was measured.

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7

Lívanský, Karel, and Jiří Doucha. "Additional CO2 saturation of thin-layer outdoor micro algal cultures : CO2 mass transfer and absorption efficiency." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 87 (December 2, 1997): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/87/1997/145.

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8

Knyazeva, Anna G., and Yuri P. Sharkeev. "Temperature Calculation for Laser Sintering of Titanium and Niobium Taking into Account Properties Change due to Powder Layer Shrinkage." Key Engineering Materials 712 (September 2016): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.712.220.

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The model of laser sintering with regard to explicit porosity evolution of powder layer has been suggested. Due to porosity reduction the shrinkage occurs, thermal - physical properties (the heat capacity, thermal conductivity coefficient) and reflection coefficient of laser irradiation change. It has been shown that additional mechanism of convective heat transfer connects with powder layer thickness evolution. It was detected that model obeys some prognostic properties and allows to reveal the area of technological parameters where homogeneous properties of sintered layer form.

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9

Khitrov, Gregory A. "Additional CeO2 Buffer Layer Improves Performance of Superconducting Tape." MRS Bulletin 25, no. 5 (May 2000): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2000.64.

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10

Larrarte, F., N. Hemmerlé, L. Lebouc, and B. Riochet. "Additional elements regarding the muddy layer in combined sewers." Urban Water Journal 14, no. 8 (May 17, 2017): 862–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2017.1325499.

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11

Kajino, Satoshi, and Motoo Asakawa. "Effect of Additional Shear Strain Layer on Microstructure and Tensile Strength of Fine Wire." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.525.

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The mechanical and electrical applications of fine wires (D = 0.1 mm) has become more widely spread. In general, it is well known that fine drawn wires have high tensile strength while maintaining ductility. It has been determined that a hardened layer of around 0.04 mm in depth, referred to as the “additional shear strain layer,” is generated beneath the surface layer of the wire, and this additional shear strain layer affected the tensile strength of the fine wire. As an origin of this phenomenon, it was ascertained that the microstructure of surface layer was finer than that of center layer. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of die angle on the microstructure and the tensile strength of the additional shear strain layer. The tensile test was performed as the surface layer was thinned by electro-polishing, and the crystal orientation and the crystal grain were measured via EBSD. As a result, it was ascertained that die angle affected the tensile strength and crystal grain refinement of the additional shear stray layer.

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12

Leandro, Lorenzo, Radu Malureanu, Noemi Rozlosnik, and Andrei Lavrinenko. "Ultrathin, Ultrasmooth Gold Layer on Dielectrics without the Use of Additional Metallic Adhesion Layers." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, no. 10 (March 4, 2015): 5797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am508681u.

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13

Vlasova, M., M. Kakazey, E. A. Juarez-Arellano, P. A. Márquez Aguilar, R. Guardian Tapia, V. Stetsenko, A. Bykov, E. Andrievskaya, and A. Ragulya. "Layer-by-layer laser synthesis of composite ceramics in the system Al-Ti-Y-O." MRS Proceedings 1611 (2014): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.758.

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ABSTRACTThe phase composition and the microstructure of multilayer ceramics synthesized by directed laser treatment of ternary powder mixtures of Al2O3–TiO2–Y2O3 have been studied. It is established that at R = 2.34 (where R is TiO2/Y2O3 in mol %) the main phases observed are Y2Ti2O7, α-Al2O3 and a little amount of β-Al2TiO5. The content of the formed phases is determined by the composition of the initial mixtures. The texture of the surface and the microstructure of the formed ceramics depend on the α-Al2O3 and Y2Ti2O7 content. Increasing the content of alumina in the initial mixtures, the surface of the ceramics is saturated by α-Al2O3 crystallites. When a multi-layer synthesis is realized, the Y2Ti2O7 phase is concentrated at the boundary between the two adjacent layers (top and bottom). In the underlying layer, the growth of the corundum crystallites is prolonged due to the additional heating.

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14

Senashov, Vladimir, and Ivan Parashchuk. "On Recognizability of Groups by Bottom Layer." Advances in Modelling and Analysis A 57, no. 1-4 (December 31, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ama_a.571-401.

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The bottom layer of a group is a set of its elements of prime order. A group is called recognizable by bottom layer under additional conditions if it is uniquely restored by bottom layer under these conditions. A group is called almost recognizable by bottom layer under additional conditions, if there are a finite number of pairwise non-isomorphic groups satisfying these conditions, with bottom layer that is the same as that of the group. A group is called unrecognizable by bottom layer under additional conditions if there are an infinite number of pairwise non-isomorphic groups satisfying these conditions, with bottom layer that is the same as that of the group. In the paper we consider examples of groups recognized by bottom layer, by spectrum and, simultaneously, by spectrum and by bottom layer. We have also proved some results of recognizability of groups by bottom layer.

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15

Silva, A. L. F., D. A. N. L. Lima, G. M. D. Souza, C. T. D. Santos, and L. A. M. S. Paulillo. "Influence of Additional Adhesive Application on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems." Operative Dentistry 31, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/05-98.

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Clinical Relevance Applying an additional layer of solvent-free adhesive systems increased adhesive thickness and did not affect bond strength. This thicker adhesive layer may help to preserve the integrity of the restoration by acting as a stress-absorbing layer.

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16

Tursunov, D. A. "Asymptotic Solution of Linear Bisingular Problems With Additional Boundary Layer." Russian Mathematics 62, no. 3 (March 2018): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1066369x18030088.

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17

Balan, N., I. S. Batista, M. A. Abdu, J. H. A. Sobral, J. MacDougall, and G. J. Bailey. "Occurrence of an additional layer in the ionosphere over Fortaleza." Advances in Space Research 24, no. 11 (January 1999): 1481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00710-3.

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18

Lennert, Ann Eileen. "Participatory mapping: an additional depositional layer of the Godthåbsfjord, Greenland." Polar Geography 40, no. 3 (May 19, 2017): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1088937x.2017.1329236.

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19

Vásquez Capacho, John William, Carlos Gustavo Perez Zuñiga, Yecid Alfonzo Muñoz Maldonado, and Adalberto José Ospino Castro. "An additional layer of protection through superalarms with diagnosis capability." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.168.

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An alarm management methodology can be proposed as a discrete event sequence recognition problem where time patterns are used to identify the process safe condition, especially in the start-up and shutdown stages. Industrial plants, particularly in the petrochemical, energy, and chemical sectors, require a combined approach of all the events that can result in a catastrophic accident. This document introduces a new layer of protection (super-alarm) for industrial processes based on a diagnostic stage. Alarms and actions of the standard operating procedure are considered discrete events involved in sequences, where the diagnostic stage corresponds to the recognition of a special situation when these sequences occur. This is meant to provide operators with pertinent information regarding the normal or abnormal situations induced by the flow of alarms. Chronicles Based Alarm Management (CBAM) is the methodology used to build the chronicles that will permit to generate the super-alarms furthermore, a case study of the petrochemical sector using CBAM is presented to build the chronicles of the normal startup, abnormal start-up, and normal shutdown scenarios. Finally, the scenario validation is performed for an abnormal start-up, showing how a super-alarm is generated.

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20

Gilet, Jules, Romain Conte, Claire Torchet, Lionel Benard, and Ingrid Lafontaine. "Additional Layer of Regulation via Convergent Gene Orientation in Yeasts." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz221.

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Abstract Convergent gene pairs can produce transcripts with complementary sequences. We had shown that mRNA duplexes form in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via interactions of mRNA overlapping 3′-ends and can lead to posttranscriptional regulatory events. Here we show that mRNA duplex formation is restricted to convergent genes separated by short intergenic distance, independently of their 3′-untranslated region (UTR) length. We disclose an enrichment in genes involved in biological processes related to stress among these convergent genes. They are markedly conserved in convergent orientation in budding yeasts, meaning that this mode of posttranscriptional regulation could be shared in these organisms, conferring an additional level for modulating stress response. We thus investigated the mechanistic advantages potentially conferred by 3′-UTR mRNA interactions. Analysis of genome-wide transcriptome data revealed that Pat1 and Lsm1 factors, having 3′-UTR binding preference and participating to the remodeling of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles, bind differently these messenger-interacting mRNAs forming duplexes in comparison to mRNAs that do not interact (solo mRNAs). Functionally, messenger-interacting mRNAs show limited translational repression upon stress. We thus propose that mRNA duplex formation modulates the regulation of mRNA expression by limiting their access to translational repressors. Our results thus show that posttranscriptional regulation is an additional factor that determines the order of coding genes.

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21

Chen, Wenbin, Lili Lu, and Jianbo Cheng. "Characterization of two-emitter WOLED with no additional blocking layer." Optik 121, no. 1 (January 2010): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2008.05.025.

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22

Ghadimi, Abbas, Vahid Ahmadi, and Fatemeh Shahshahani. "SAGCM avalanche photodiode with additional layer and nonuniform electric field." Frontiers of Optoelectronics 6, no. 2 (April 2, 2013): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12200-013-0317-y.

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23

Li, Rui, Xiaodan Wang, Wen Quan, and Lei Lei. "Stacked Fusion Supervised Auto-encoder with an Additional Classification Layer." Neural Processing Letters 51, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 2649–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11063-020-10223-w.

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24

Dąbek, Leszek, Tomasz Hornowski, Arkadiusz Józefczak, and Andrzej Skumiel. "Ultrasonic Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles with an Additional Biocompatible Dextrane Layer." Archives of Acoustics 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoa-2013-0011.

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Abstract The temperature dependence of the particle size distribution (PSD) of the magnetic fluid with an additional biocompatible dextran layer was studied using a ultrasonic method. The measurements of the ultrasound velocity and attenuation were carried out as a function of the volume concentration of magnetite particles at temperatures ranging from 15°C to 40°C. In order to extract the PSD from ultrasonic measurements, the theoretical model of Vinogradov-Isakovich was used. The extraction of PSD from the ultrasonic data requires also the measurements the density and viscosity of the ferrofluid samples. The calculated PSD of the magnetic fluid with an additional biocompatible layer shows a greater thermal stability than that of a magnetic fluid with a single surfactant layer.

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25

Borovkov, Herman, Aitor Garcia de la Yedra, Xabier Zurutuza, Xabier Angulo, Pedro Alvarez, Juan Carlos Pereira, and Fernando Cortes. "In-Line Height Measurement Technique for Directed Energy Deposition Processes." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5030085.

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Directed energy deposition (DED) is a family of additive manufacturing technologies. With these processes, metal parts are built layer by layer, introducing dynamics that propagate in time and layer-domains, which implies additional complexity and consequently, the resulting part quality is hard to predict. Control of the deposit layer thickness and height is a critical issue since it impacts on geometrical accuracy, process stability, and the overall quality of the product. Therefore, online feedback height control for DED processes with proper sensor strategies is required. This work presents a novel vision-based triangulation technique through an off-axis located CCD camera synchronized with a 640 nm wavelength pulsed illumination laser. Image processing and machine vision techniques allow in-line height measurement right after metal solidification. The linearity and the precision of the proposed setup are validated through off-and in-process trials in the laser metal deposition (LMD) process. Besides, the performance of the developed in-line inspection system has also been tested for the Arc based DED process and compared against experimental weld bead characterization data. In this last case, the system additionally allowed for the measurement of weld bead width and contact angles, which are critical in first runs of multilayer buildups.

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26

Гайфуллин, Р. Р., В. Н. Кушнир, Р. Г. Деминов, Л. Р. Тагиров, М. Ю. Куприянов та А. А. Голубов. "Эффект близости в сверхпроводящем триплетном спиновом клапане S1/F1/S2/F2". Физика твердого тела 61, № 9 (2019): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2019.09.48093.21n.

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Using the matrix method for solving linearized Usadel equations in the multimode approximation, the critical temperatures of the multilayer structures of the Superconductor / Ferromagnet / Ferromagnet (S/F/F) type has been obtained. The influence of an additional superconductor layer on the effects of the three-layer spin valve has been considered. In comparison with the additional normal layer in an S/F/N/F structure, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the spin valve modes in a structure with an additional superconducting layer S instead of N has been discussed. The support by RSF (grant No. 18-12-00459) is gratefully acknowledged.

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27

Jamari, J., Eko Saputra, Iwan Budiwan Anwar, and Emile van der Heide. "Study of an Additional Layer of Cement Mantle Hip Joints for Reducing Cracks." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 10, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb10030040.

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Failure of the cement mantle in total hip arthroplasty is not a simple phenomenon. Cracking, which can be caused by crack initiation and repeated loading, can cause loosening of the acetabular liner component. A previous study showed that addition of a metal layer between the liner and acetabular could reduce the stress at the contact surface of the cement mantle. This study elaborates on the performance of the additional layer. Several material properties of the layer were simulated using finite element analysis for maximum performance. A static contact analysis was used to simulate the stresses at the contact surface of the cement mantle. The results show that an additional layer of cobalt chrome produced the best performance.

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28

Sala, D. Della, A. Santoni, L. Fornarini, J. Lancok, S. Loreti, I. Menicucci, and C. Minarini. "In situ laser recrystallization of Si layers during low-pressure chemical vapor deposition: Recrystallization dynamics and influence of the seed layer." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 11 (November 2002): 2966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0430.

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The growth of polycrystalline silicon on glass by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and in situ laser induced recrystallization was investigated with the aim to study the influence of the seed layer and the mechanism of the recrystallization dynamics on the structural and morphological properties of the grown film. A seed layer was used to trigger the solidification process of many additional in situ laser-crystallized overlayers. One-dimensional calculations of the thermal flow produced by laser irradiation were used to clarify the complex interaction between the substrate and the molten silicon surface layer during nucleation and growth. The experiments show the relevant role played by the seed layer and the peculiar shaping of the film surface due to the preferential aggregation of molten silicon. Compact polysilicon films with thicknesses up to 4 μm with almost monocrystalline grains of 1–2-μm size were obtained.

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29

Ma, Jun-Seok, Jin-Young Choi, Seung-Won Oh, and Wook-Sung Kim. "Liquid-crystal-based floating-electrode-free coplanar waveguide phase shifter with an additional liquid-crystal layer for 28-GHz applications." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 9 (November 23, 2021): 095106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac38e1.

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Abstract A liquid-crystal (LC)-based floating electrode-free (FE-free) coplanar waveguide (CPW) phase shifter with an additional LC layer is demonstrated for the first time. An LC layer is overlain on the electrodes of the original model; this change increases the amount of electric flux that the proposed structure can confine in the tunable region, and thereby greatly increases the figure-of-merit (FoM) while maintaining the benefits of the simple coplanar structure. We simulated the variations in the phase shifter’s FoM, characteristic impedance, and driving voltage while sweeping the additional LC layer thickness up to 300 μm with each electrode condition at 28 GHz. In the case of electrode thickness variation, the FoM increased as electrode thickness increased, regardless of the presence of the additional LC layer. However, in the case of the signal electrode width variation, we obtained an opposite FoM tendency depending on the presence of the additional LC layer. This work shows the possibility of an efficient LC-based FE-free CPW phase shifter design for a given LC layer and electrode conditions.

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30

Yaacoub, Elias. "Physical Layer Security in Military Communications." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 10, no. 4 (October 2019): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmcmc.2019100103.

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Анотація:

Military communications need to be secure in harsh operational conditions under constant enemy attacks and attempts to eavesdrop, jam, or decrypt the communications. Physical layer security (PLS) can be used in conjunction with traditional cryptographic techniques to ensure an additional layer of security for military communications. In this article, PLS techniques at different levels of military communications, from communications at the military section level to the battalion or command center level, are discussed and analyzed. The presented solutions were tailored to the challenges faced in each scenario, leading to good performance. Additional challenges are also discussed, and suitable solutions are outlined.

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31

Jenkins, B., G. J. Bailey, M. A. Abdu, I. S. Batista, and N. Balan. "Observations and model calculations of an additional layer in the topside ionosphere above Fortaleza, Brazil." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 6 (June 30, 1997): 753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0753-3.

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Abstract. Calculations using the Sheffield University plasmasphere ionosphere model have shown that under certain conditions an additional layer can form in the low latitude topside ionosphere. This layer (the F3 layer) has subsequently been observed in ionograms recorded at Fortaleza in Brazil. It has not been observed in ionograms recorded at the neighbouring station São Luis. Model calculations have shown that the F3 layer is most likely to form in summer at Fortaleza due to a combination of the neutral wind and the E×B drift acting to raise the plasma. At the location of São Luis, almost on the geomagnetic equator, the neutral wind has a smaller vertical component so the F3 layer does not form.

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32

Cattarusa, Douglas Alan, Xiao Min Jin, Xing Xing Fu, Xiang Ning Kang, Bei Zhang, and Guo Yi Zhang. "Optical-Mode Study of Galium Nitrate Based Laser Diodes." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.476.

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This paper focuses on the optical mode analysis of laser diodes to improve light emission. Under the mode analysis, we compare the optical confinement factor (OCF) percentage of the emitting light from the LDs. There are two structures which we analyze: a basic GaN waveguide structure and an InGaN waveguide structure. The second structure has additional InGaN waveguides and is analyzed under two additional design variations: the concentration of Indium and the thickness of the top waveguide layer. The results of this study indicate introducing InGaN waveguide layers correlates with lower order modes (zero and first order) and increase the OCF values. The top InGaN waveguide layer, which has a higher concentration of Indium, appears to increase the OCF. However, the increased thickness of the InGaN layer causes the lower modes’ OFC to decrease. Over all, in the best case, InGaN LD has an OCF of 1.8896%, which is about a 312% improvement compared to that of GaN LD ( OCF=0.4535%).

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33

Jung, Jung Hwa, Hyun Jae Kim, Kyoung Chan Kim, Jung Il Lee, and Il Ki Han. "Thermal Analysis of InAs Quantum Dot Laser Diodes with an Additional Au Layer on p-Metal." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 50, no. 6 (June 15, 2007): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.50.1936.

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34

Jenkins, B., G. J. Bailey, M. A. Abdu, I. S. Batista, and N. Balan. "The formation of an additional layer in the equatorial topside ionosphere." Advances in Space Research 20, no. 6 (January 1997): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00758-8.

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35

Bemer, Marian, Aalt D. J. van Dijk, Richard G. H. Immink, and Gerco C. Angenent. "Cross-Family Transcription Factor Interactions: An Additional Layer of Gene Regulation." Trends in Plant Science 22, no. 1 (January 2017): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.10.007.

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36

Herschkowitz, J. I., and X. Fu. "MicroRNAs Add an Additional Layer to the Complexity of Cell Signaling." Science Signaling 4, no. 184 (July 26, 2011): jc5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2002182.

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37

Balan, N., I. S. Batista, M. A. Abdu, G. J. Bailey, S. Watanabe, J. MacDougall, and J. H. A. Sobral. "Variability of an additional layer in the equatorial ionosphere over Fortaleza." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 105, A5 (May 1, 2000): 10603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999ja000020.

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38

Savidor, Alon, Ryan S. Donahoo, Oscar Hurtado-Gonzales, Nathan C. VerBerkmoes, Manesh B. Shah, Kurt H. Lamour, and W. Hayes McDonald. "Expressed Peptide Tags: An Additional Layer of Data for Genome Annotation." Journal of Proteome Research 5, no. 11 (November 2006): 3048–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr060134x.

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39

Acosta, G., S. Guala, and J. Marenco. "Dynamics of a minority game with an additional layer of interaction." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 387, no. 2-3 (January 2008): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2007.09.035.

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40

Balan, N., and G. J. Bailey. "Equatorial plasma fountain and its effects: Possibility of an additional layer." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 100, A11 (November 1, 1995): 21421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95ja01555.

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41

Tarasenko, S. V., and V. G. Shavrov. "Additional Nonreciprocity Effects in the Magneto-Optics of Asymmetric Layer Structures." JETP Letters 108, no. 6 (September 2018): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364018180121.

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42

Zalensky, A., and I. Zalenskaya. "Organization of chromosomes in spermatozoa: an additional layer of epigenetic information?" Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 3 (May 22, 2007): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0350609.

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Elaborate non-random organization of human sperm chromosomes at different structural levels, starting from the DNA packing by protamines up to the higher-order chromosome configuration and nuclear positioning of chromosome territories, has been discovered. Here, we put forward a hypothesis that the unique genome architecture in sperm provides a mechanism for orchestrated unpacking and ordered activation of the male genome during fertilization, thus offering an additional level of epigenetic information that will be deciphered in the descendant cells.

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43

Maslov, V. A., and Yu A. Aleksandrov. "Mechanism of additional reduction of metallic powders in a falling layer." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 30, no. 9 (September 1991): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00794205.

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44

Shoaib, Yasira, Babar Usman, Hunseung Kang, and Ki-Hong Jung. "Epitranscriptomics: An Additional Regulatory Layer in Plants’ Development and Stress Response." Plants 11, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11081033.

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Epitranscriptomics has added a new layer of regulatory machinery to eukaryotes, and the advancement of sequencing technology has revealed more than 170 post-transcriptional modifications in various types of RNAs, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Among these, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N5-methylcytidine (m5C) are the most prevalent internal mRNA modifications. These regulate various aspects of RNA metabolism, mainly mRNA degradation and translation. Recent advances have shown that regulation of RNA fate mediated by these epitranscriptomic marks has pervasive effects on a plant’s development and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Recently, it was demonstrated that the removal of human-FTO-mediated m6A from transcripts in transgenic rice and potatoes caused a dramatic increase in their yield, and that the m6A reader protein mediates stress responses in wheat and apple, indicating that regulation of m6A levels could be an efficient strategy for crop improvement. However, changing the overall m6A levels might have unpredictable effects; therefore, the identification of precise m6A levels at a single-base resolution is essential. In this review, we emphasize the roles of epitranscriptomic modifications in modulating molecular, physiological, and stress responses in plants, and provide an outlook on epitranscriptome engineering as a promising tool to ensure food security by editing specific m6A and m5C sites through robust genome-editing technology.

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45

Ordóñez, John E., Lorena Marín, Luis A. Rodríguez, Pedro A. Algarabel, José A. Pardo, Roger Guzmán, Luis Morellón, et al. "Observation of unexpected uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 films by a BaTiO3 overlayer in an artificial multiferroic bilayer." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (April 16, 2020): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.51.

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We studied in detail the in-plane magnetic properties of heterostructures based on a ferroelectric BaTiO3 overlayer deposited on a ferromagnetic La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 film grown epitaxially on pseudocubic (001)-oriented SrTiO3, (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2TaAlO6)0.7 and LaAlO3 substrates. In this configuration, the combination of both functional perovskites constitutes an artificial multiferroic system with potential applications in spintronic devices based on the magnetoelectric effect. La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 single layers and BaTiO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 bilayers using the pulsed-laser deposition technique. We analyzed the films structurally through X-ray reciprocal space maps and high-angle annular dark field microscopy, and magnetically via thermal demagnetization curves and in-plane magnetization versus applied magnetic field loops at room temperature. Our results indicate that the BaTiO3 layer induces an additional strain in the La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 layers close to their common interface. The presence of BaTiO3 on the surface of tensile-strained La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 films transforms the in-plane biaxial magnetic anisotropy present in the single layer into an in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. Our experimental evidence suggests that this change in the magnetic anisotropy only occurs in tensile-strained La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 film and is favored by an additional strain on the La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 layer promoted by the BaTiO3 film. These findings reveal an additional mechanism that alters the magnetic behavior of the ferromagnetic layer, and consequently, deserves further in-depth research to determine how it can modify the magnetoelectric coupling of this hybrid multiferroic system.

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Dang, Nguyen Hai Son, Doan Minh Thong Nguyen, Thi Phuong Loan Nguyen, Doan Quoc Anh Nguyen, and Hsiao-Yi Lee. "Enhance WLEDs Performance with Additional Phosphor Materials in Multi-Layer Remote Structure." Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.55579/jaec.202153.305.

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One of the most important factors used to evaluate lighting performances ofWLEDs is the angular color uniformity (ACU). The triple-layer remote phosphor structure is considered as a proposed mechanism for elevating the ACU of a WLED. The analysis on the triple-layer structure's efficiency is specifically demonstrated in this article. Additionally, there are detailed comparisons between the triple-layer (TL) and the dual-layer (DL) geometries to reinforce the idea of using TL packaging for WLED optical enhancements. The WLEDs with average correlated color temperatures (ACCTs) of 6600 K and 7700 K are utilized for experiments. According to the outcomes, the attained color rendering index from DL design is higher than the one from TL package. However, the TL shows better color quality scale (CQS) than the DL, regardless of ACCTs. Besides, not only does the TL yield better CQS but also heighten the lumen efficiency. On top of that, the ACU of TL WLED model is much higher than that of the DL as a result of deviated correlated color temperature reduction at all ACCTs. This result is more obvious at the high ACCT of 7700 K, in other words, the ACU of a high-ACCT WLED shows more visible enhancement with TL structure. From these results, the triple-layer remote phosphor structure stands out as the promising advancement in the production of high-quality WLEDs.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

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47

Ishida, Yasuyuki, Kuniyuki Kitagawa, Akihito Nakayama, and Hajime Ohtani. "On-Probe Sample Pretreatment for Direct Analysis of Lipids in Gram-Positive Bacterial Cells by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 7539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.7539-7541.2005.

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ABSTRACT On-probe sample pretreatment using trifluoroacetic acid as an additional reagent enabled the direct detection of phospholipids in whole bacteria by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for not only gram-negative organisms but also gram-positive ones with a thicker peptidoglycan layer.

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48

Abognah, Asma. "Smear Layer in Endodontics: A review of its role and management." Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research 4, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47705/kjdmr.204206.

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Whatever the technique used for root canal instrumentation; a layer of debris termed “smear layer” is formed. This is a layer composed of an organic and inorganic substance and it harbors bacteria and their by-products. Removing the smear layer enhances the cleaning and disinfecting of root canal walls and grant maximum adaptation of root canal filling materials. Nonetheless, the existence of smear layer can seal the dentinal tubules and decrease the probability of dentinal tubule’s invasion by bacteria and their toxins, this issue is still controversial. Smear layer removal approaches including chemical, ultrasonics, and laser have been widely studied. However, none of them is entirely efficient along the length of all canals or is universally recognized. If the decision was to remove smear layer, irrigating root canals with EDTA followed by NaOCl will fulfill the objective. It is still debatable whether the removal of smear layer will decrease the apical leakage or not. Additional research is required to determine the consequence of removing or preserving the smear layer.

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49

Schön, Sebastian, and Regine von Klitzing. "Experimental evaluation of additional short ranged repulsion in structural oscillation forces." Soft Matter 14, no. 26 (2018): 5383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00846a.

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50

Mal’tzev, I. E., A. A. Basov, M. A. Borisov, and A. V. Bystrov. "STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES A FRAGMENT OF THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT OF THE SPACECRAFT, OBTAINED BY MEANS OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 277 (April 2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.04.pp.011-019.

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The article discusses the course and results of experimental work on the initial study of the possibility of using one of the varieties of additive technologies – the method of layer-by-layer selective laser melting (SLM) in the manufacture of elements of heat exchangers and hydraulic circuits of spacecraft. Traditional manufacturing techniques for hydro-control elements and spacecraft heat exchangers are based on machining and high-temperature vacuum soldering, leading to a long cycle and high manufacturing costs. As an alternative, the method of layer-by-layer selective laser melting can be considered as a manufacturing method using a three-dimensional model of the product and not requiring additional equipment. This method is based on sequential layer-by-layer fusion of a metal powder with previous fused product layers under the action of a laser beam forming a local region of liquid melt. The article describes experimental work to assess the possibility of using the selective laser melting method. Assessed weld-ability of a sample made by selective laser fusion technology with tips made by traditional technology. Directions for testing the method of selective laser sintering on real structures of heat exchanging units of spacecraft have been determined. A technique is proposed and the results of a study of a sample synthesized by selective laser sintering are presented. Based on the results obtained, an analysis is made of the prospects for using this method in the production of elements of hydraulic circuits and heat exchange units of spacecraft.

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