Дисертації з теми "Addiction relapse"
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Carter, Alexander James. "Struggling to hold addiction treatment talk and relapse in mind." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12761.
Повний текст джерелаAddiction is a common problem, as is relapse. People often struggle to come to terms with and manage the intoxicating effects of substances and consequently need treatment. This dissertation focusses on treatment talk as it relates to addiction counselling in a residential setting in order to understand relapse and the addict’s return to treatment. Current treatment approaches that address addiction comprise several evidence-based approaches and yet relapse rates remain high. Attempts to explain this phenomenon are varied and interventions tend to have a disease model approach in common with one another. Neurobiological and psychological theories of addiction are examined to understand this treatment conceptualization and consider its efficacy as a means of directing counselling interventions. Mentalization theory and critical discourse theory are used as a discursive lens in an attempt to understand these interventions and consider their shortcomings. In order to approach the question of relapse and addiction treatment, twenty interviews were conducted with clients and their counsellors - 10 dyads - who had completed residential addiction treatment for relapse. Counsellors and clients were interviewed and asked about their treatment experience, either as a client or clinician respectively. Both sets of participants were also asked about counselling as a relapse prevention intervention. Focus on the counselling relationship was in order to elicit talk about mental states related to treatment for addiction and relapse.
Wong, Jamie Lynne. "Social Support as a Mediator Between Attachment and Relapse in women." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1870.
Повний текст джерелаFreiin, Von Hammerstein-Equord Cora Fee. "Mindfulness et addictions : évaluation du programme MBRP (Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention) chez des patients présentant une addiction avec ou sans substance." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100131.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this work was to investigate feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of the MBRP (Mindfulness Based relapse prevention) program as a treatment of addictions. First, this work allowed us to establish that this program represented an acceptable and feasible therapeutic approach as a treatment for alcohol use disorders and that it increased the level of mindfulness and psychological flexibility and reduced craving. Secondly, we were able to identify that home practice, which is central to mindfulness-based treatments, was facilitated by the participants' initial motivation and their feeling of self-efficacy in terms of their ability to set up a practice, while the impression of "doing wrong" or the absence of immediate effects of the practice was a barrier to it. We have also been able to highlight the interest of this program as a treatment for gambling disorder. Through our descriptive results, we showed that mindfulness meditation was a tool that most gamblers readily used to manage craving and impulsive behavior. In addition, we found that participating in the program reduced gambling, gambling symptoms, craving, as well as depression and anxiety and increased mindfulness levels. In addition, we were able to show by examining a case report that the combination of the MBRP program and cognitive training could increase self-control in a patient who was resistant to conventional CBTs. We have also shown that the initiation to mindfulness among caregivers working in an addiction facility has been very well received. On average they participated in 4 out of 5 sessions and, all set up a personal home practice after the group initiation. Finally, we validated the Transdiagnostic Craving Trigger Questionnaire (TCTQ) to assess craving triggers in a population with an alcohol use disorder. Our analyses showed a three-factor solution, composed of unpleasant emotions, pleasant emotions and external triggers and associated thoughts. This thesis work allowed us to conclude that the MBRP program has a strong interest in the treatment of addictive disorders, with or without substances. We were able to show that it worked on underlying processes of this disorder, such as depression and anxiety, that it reduced craving and that it was a way of mobilizing resources, such as psychological flexibility. Our objective is to carry out further research which would allow us to state on its efficacy as compared to a control condition
Girardeau, Paul. "Validation d’une stratégie de prévention de la rechute basée sur l’extinction des effets incitatifs de la cocaïne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0257/document.
Повний текст джерелаCraving often precedes relapse into cocaine addiction. This explains why considerable research effort is being expended to try to develop anti-craving strategies for relapse prevention. Recently, we discovered using the classic reinstatement model of cocaine craving that the reinstating or priming effect of cocaine can be extinguished with repeated priming – a phenomenon dubbed extinction of cocaine priming. Such extinction has been interpreted as evidence that the priming effect of cocaine on reinstatement of cocaine seeking depends on an interoceptive drug conditioning mechanism whereby the interoceptive cues of cocaine become reliable conditioned Pavlovian predictors of the availability of cocaine reinforcement. Regardless of the underlying mechanisms, however, extinction of drug priming has been proposed as a potential cocaine exposure therapy for relapse prevention that may complement other, more traditional exteroceptive cue exposure therapies. The goal of my PhD thesis was to measure the potential beneficial effect of this novel extinction strategy on subsequent relapse (i.e., return to the pre-extinction pattern of cocaine self-administration once the drug is made again available after extinction). Overall and contrary to our initial hope, extensive and complete extinction of cocaine priming had no major impact on relapse. This lack of effect occurred despite evidence for post-extinction loss of neuronal responsiveness to cocaine priming in brain regions causally involved in cocaine-induced reinstatement (i.e., the anterior cingulate and prelimbic prefrontal cortex, and the core of the nucleus accumbens). An effect of extinction of cocaine priming on relapse was only observed when cocaine was available for self-administration under more demanding conditions. However, this effect was modest and short-lived. Finally, we were able to trace the origin of our failure to prevent relapse to an extinction-resistant form of cocaine seeking that is commonly reported, though often overlooked, in other reinstatement studies. We propose that this behavior should become a novel target for future preclinical research on anti-craving strategies for relapse prevention
Hamilton, Jennifer Julie. "Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens for the Treatment of Cocaine Addiction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9213.
Повний текст джерелаOrejarena, Maria Juliana. "Neurobiological mechanisms involved in MDMA-Seeking behaviour and relapse." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7229.
Повний текст джерела(+) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as "ecstasy", is currently a highly consumed drug with liability to produce addiction in some individuals. MDMA induces unique psychoactive effects that clearly distinguish it from hallucinogenic or psychostimulant drugs. MDMA mainly enhances the activity of both the serotonergic and the dopaminergic system in the esolimbic brain reward pathways. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying its possible addictive properties are still not fully understood. In the present work, we have contributed to this subject by establishing that the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, in contrast to what has been observed for other drugs of abuse, is critical for MDMA-induced reinforcement. Moreover, the pharmacological blockade of this receptor can prevent cue-induced relapse. This effect is possibly mediated by its excitatory control over basal and MDMA-induced increase in midbrain dopamine, as supported by our microdialysis data. Furthermore, we have also shown that MDMA can act as an interoceptive cue to induce relapse to cocaine-seeking behaviour. Additionally, we demonstrated differential changes at the level of the dopaminergic brain reward pathway and gene expression changes in different brain areas, following self-administeredMDMAin comparison to passive administration. These results underpin the impact of a learning component in the rewarding/reinforcing properties of MDMA, and provide new evidence for the serotonergic involvement in MDMA-seeking behavior and relapse.
Blume, Jenna. "An Attitude of Gratitude| How a Grateful Disposition Impacts Relapse During Recovery from Drug and Alcohol Addiction." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1568606.
Повний текст джерелаConsistent with the contemporary positive psychology movement, dispositional gratitude has gained considerable empirical evidence as a valuable emotion in increasing an individual's subjective well-being; however, gratitude has not yet been validated as a contributing factor to sobriety in individuals in recovery from drug and alcohol addiction. In the current study, participants were self-selected outpatients and staff members in recovery at a drug and alcohol addiction treatment center. The researcher assessed respondents' psychological symptoms, coping skills, dispositional gratitude, experience of relapse or abstinence, and demographic influences. Results indicated a significant negative correlation between gratitude and relapse, suggesting that a grateful disposition has emotional and psychological benefits for individuals in recovery from substance addiction. Additional findings revealed that the coping strategy of using alcohol or other drugs to feel better was statistically significant and made the strongest unique contribution to relapse; coping strategies including gratitude and religion/spirituality, although not statistically significant, each contributed less to the variance in relapse amongst participants. Finally, results suggest that education made the strongest unique contribution to relapse, which was statistically significant, while annual household income made less of a contribution and was not statistically significant. Research limitations, clinical implications, and future directions for the field are discussed.
Matendechere, Elizabeth Nanjala. "A Correlational Study on Self-Forgiveness and the Risk of Relapse in Adults Recovering from Alcohol Addiction." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10844068.
Повний текст джерелаSelf-forgiveness is an emotion focused coping mechanism that increases positive emotions and behaviors. Self-forgiveness has been found to be moderated by guilt and shame in support of Hall and Finchman’s theory on the emotional components of self-forgiveness. Men and women recovering from alcohol addiction have been found to struggle with shame and guilt, however, little is understood about this association. This quantitative correlational non-experimental research study investigated the relationship between self-forgiveness and risk of relapse in adults who were recovering from alcohol abuse, how shame and guilt moderated this relationship and how this relationship differed by gender. Anonymous surveys were conducted in two treatment centres and two Alcoholic Anonymous recovery meetings in the city of Calgary. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, The Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Alcohol Risk of Relapse Scale, and the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale. Multiple regression and moderation analyses were conducted to test the study hypotheses. Self-forgiveness was found to have a non-significant relationship with risk of relapse (β = .040, p < .720) and the scores did not differ by gender [Male (β = –.061, p < .641), and Female (β = –.0.17, p < .937)]. Shame (F (3, 79) = .614, p = .608), and guilt (F (3, 79) = 7.244, p = .000) did not have a moderating effect on the relationship between self-forgiveness and the risk of relapse. When shame and guilt interacted with self-forgiveness in predicting risk of relapse, the results did not differ by gender [Male (F (4, 55) = 5.770, p = .001), and female (F (4, 18) = .580, p = .681)]. However, a result not hypothesized in the study was found among male participants that guilt was predictive of risk of relapse ( F (3, 56) = 7.595, p = .000). This study highlights the impact of maladaptive guilt that maintains the cycle of addiction. Clinicians can utilize this knowledge to employ strategies of eliminating maladaptive guilt in psychotherapy. Further research is needed to determine if these results could be replicated with other demographic groups to identify other plausible mechanisms between self-forgiveness at risk of relapse.
Krowka, Jessica Ann. "The Lived Experience of Recovery From Heroin Addiction." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1555951788174113.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Chen. "Attenuated Cocaine Seeking After Adolescent-Onset of Cocaine Self-Administration in Male Rats: Behavior, Environment, and Genes." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/100.
Повний текст джерелаLuu, Shirley, and Mersiha Selmanovic. "Min själ ville inte använda, men min kropp viker sig själv." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27031.
Повний текст джерелаBailey, Beth A., and Andrea D. Clements. "Postpartum Smoking Relapse: The Role of Family in the Health Behavior Choices of New Mothers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7250.
Повний текст джерелаWahler, Elizabeth A. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL STRESS, ECONOMIC HARDSHIP, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS TO ADDICTION SEVERITY AMONG KENTUCKY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PARTICIPANTS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/csw_etds/1.
Повний текст джерелаSteele, Teren Palm. "Relapse and spirituality spiritual well-being and quality of life as a critical factor in maintaining recovery from alcohol addiction /." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999steele.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMauriz, Carlos Alberto. "Causes of substance abuse relapse among Mexican American and Anglo males." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2092.
Повний текст джерелаLewis, J. Ben. "POLYAMINE MODULATION IN ALCOHOLISM: EXAMINATION USING A NOVEL SCREENING PROCEDURE DESIGNED TO PREDICT ANTI-RELAPSE AND NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFICACY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/851.
Повний текст джерелаTham, Johanna. "Ett liv utan missbruk - och sex? Hållbar behandlingsvård för kvinnor." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26055.
Повний текст джерелаMiles, Olivia. "Intra-cellular mechanisms by which PAC1 receptor activation mediates stress-induced reinstatement to drug-seeking." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/897.
Повний текст джерелаTammar, Raghdah. "Les croyances associées à l'alcool et leur lien avec les expériences traumatiques et certains troubles psychologiques en Arabie Saoudite : étude exploratoire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0510.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Mostly, the researches about this subject are done in legal alcohol consumption environment. Therefore the case of Saudi Arabia should give different results. Regarding cognitive theory, chemical dependence consists of a strong interaction between cognitions (thoughts, convictions, schemas), values, opinions, expectations and suppositions attitudes; emotions; familial and social connections; social impacts; and natural and physiological procedures. We are interested in exploring these beliefs in a society that forbids alcohol and presenting a complete evaluation protocol adapting to Saudi culture. Method: We studied 144 subjects, separated into 3 groups depending on addiction and gender. Results: Higher positive believes related to alcohol in alcoholics while there is no difference between men and women. A positive correlation between craving and relapse. The traumatic experiences are higher in alcoholics and positively correlated with relapse. Conclusion: The beliefs related to alcohol consumption beside all other variables that are mentioned above have a vital role in the comprehension and the treatment of this issue
Taylor, Leigh H. "The Mediating Role of Social Support and Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Trauma and Post-Treatment Substance Use Among Low-Income Women." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1497526979343182.
Повний текст джерелаNicolas, Céline. "Étude des modifications à long terme induites par la prise chronique de cocaïne : approches anatomique, métabolique et comportementale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2334/document.
Повний текст джерелаDrugs addiction is a chronic brain disorder representing a major public health problem. Although important advances allowed a better understanding of the cerebral modifications induced by chronic exposure to drugs, the therapies still nowadays limited. Therefore the investigation of cerebral processes that underlie the persistent risks of relapse, seem to be crucial to offer new therapeutic strategies. A part of this thesis aims at investigating the cerebral modifications induced in a long term during the withdrawal, due to a chronic voluntary intake of cocaine. In our first study we found a reduction of the density of cerebral vessels during the early withdrawal selectively localized in the cingular cortex. In our second study we found that cocaine intake leads to modifications of cerebral metabolism that evolve during the withdrawal. After one month of withdrawal, at a time when the phenomenon of incubation of craving is found, we found a decrease in cortical and striatal metabolism and a hyperactivation of the amygdala which demonstrates a persistent disregulation of brain functioning. Finally, in our third study, we tried to dissect the mechanism underlying the anti-craving effect of the enriched environment (EE). We hypothesized that the EE acts as an alternative reward to decrease the cocaine seeking behavior. Thus we tested the effects of exposure to sucrose or the physical exercise on relapse to cocaine. We demonstrated that the access to an alternative reward during the withdrawal does not allow reducing cocaine seeking which suggests that the EE does not act exclusively as an alternative reward
Davis, Andrew J. "A Mixed-Method Study of the Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention Aftercare Program on Clients with Opioid Addiction in a Court-Ordered Population." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1596059927076454.
Повний текст джерелаShahrokh, Bahram Edward Kaikhosrow. "The Experience of Relapse After Long-term Sobriety and Subsequent Return to Sobriety." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1560629709925552.
Повний текст джерелаBunting, Amanda Marie. "POLYSUBSTANCE OPIOID USE IN A JUSTICE-INVOLVED POPULATION: AN ANALYSIS OF PATTERNS AND REENTRY OUTCOMES." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/42.
Повний текст джерелаBain, Katherine Alison. "Chased by the dragon the experience of relapse in cocaine and heroin users /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10192004-100341.
Повний текст джерелаKeramati, Mohammadmahdi. "A homeostatic reinforcement learning theory, and its implications in cocaine addiction." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T027/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is composed of two parts. In the first part, we propose a theory for interaction between reinforcement learning and homeostatic regulation processes. In fact, efficient regulation of internal homeostasis and defending it against perturbations requires complex behavioral strategies to obtain physiologically-depleted resources. In this respect, it is essential that brains homeostatic regulation and associative learning processes work in concert. We propose a normative computational theory for homeostatically-regulated reinforcement learning (HRL), where physiological stability and reward acquisition prove to be identical objectives achievable simultaneously. Theoretically, the framework resolves the long-standing question of how overt behavior is modulated by internal state, and how animals learn to predictively act to preclude prospective homeostatic challenges (anticipatory responding). It further provides a normative explanation for temporal discounting of reward, and accounts for risk-aversive behavior, competition between motivational systems, taste-induced overeating, and lack of motivation for intravenous injection of food. Neurobiologically, the theory suggests a computational explanation for the role of orexin-based interaction between the hypothalamic circuitry and the midbrain dopaminergic nuclei, as an interface between internal states and motivated behaviors. In the second part of the thesis, we use the HRL model presented in the first part, as the cornerstone for developing an Allostatic Reinforcement Learning (ARL) theory of cocaine addiction. We argue that cocaine addiction arises from the HRL system being hijacked by the pharmacological effects of cocaine on the brain. We demonstrate that the model can successfully capture a wide range of behavioral and neurobiological aspects of cocaine addiction, namely escalation of cocaine self-administration under long- but not short-access conditions, U-shaped dose-response function for cocaine, priming-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, and interaction between dopamine D2 receptor availability and cocaine seeking
Plaza-Zabala, Ainhoa 1982. "Involvement of the hypocretin/orexin system in the addictive properties of nicotine." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116732.
Повний текст джерелаSerre, Fuschia. "Application de la méthode d'évaluation en vie quotidienne (EMA) à l'étude du craving : influence des stimuli conditionnés et relation avec l'usage de substances." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22010/document.
Повний текст джерелаCraving is a central component of addiction, involved in relapse process and under the influence of many factors. However, studies examining the link between craving and relapse have revealed some contradictory results. These inconsistencies could be due to limits encountered to assess craving in laboratory or clinical settings. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) methods use mobile technologies to assess subjects in their daily life, and collect data in real time. EMA is particularly well suited to assess fluctuations of craving, capture influence of environmental moderators, and examine prospective link between variables. The objective of this thesis was to use EMA to examine craving, its moderators, and its link with substance use in daily life among substance-dependent outpatients evaluated at treatment intake. Review of the literature revealed that majority of EMA studies examining craving concerned tobacco and alcohol, but only few examined illegal substances. The experimental part of this thesis 1) demonstrated that EMA methods are feasible and provide valid data in individuals with dependence for different types of substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, opiates), 2) showed a prospective unidirectional association between craving and subsequent substance use in the 4 groups of substances, and 3) confirmed that conditioned stimuli (cues) encountered in daily life are associated with an increase of craving intensity, and showed that individual personalized cues elicit a more robust effect on craving compared to standard cues. These results highlight the relevance of using EMA methods to study addiction, suggest that craving has a key place in the relapse process, and encourage to develop tailorised extinction protocols centered on individual cues rather than standard non-specific cues
Penzlin, Ana Isabel, Kristian Barlinn, Ben Min-Woo Illigens, Kerstin Weidner, Martin Siepmann, and Timo Siepmann. "Effect of short-term heart rate variability biofeedback on long-term abstinence in alcohol dependent patients – a one-year follow-up." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230932.
Повний текст джерелаVoigt, Thomas J. K. Jr. "Learning as it relates to addiction recovery| A case study of the learning experiences of men in a faith-based addiction recovery program." Thesis, Northern Illinois University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3611362.
Повний текст джерелаThis case study is about learning as it relates to addiction recovery within the Men's Ministry (a pseudonym) program at an urban, faith-based mission, hereafter referred to as WCM (an acronym). The program is free and long-term residential. Its purpose is to be a "life transformation ministry for troubled men whose lives are out of control as a result of drugs, alcohol or some other destructive behavior pattern."
The study examines the described experiences of 13 WCM residents from the perspectives of two researchers: Cranton and DiClemente. Cranton's work explains change through adult learning, which can be transformative. DiClemente's work describes steps of change of becoming addicted and of recovering from addiction.
At my request, the chaplain at WCM selected Men's Ministry residents willing to share their life experiences as part of this study. During three 90-minute interviews based on Seidman's interview model, 13 residents shared their experiences before WCM in the first interview, their experiences at WCM in the second interview, and reflections on the first two interviews in the third interview.
The research questions that guided the study were (a)-How did the subjects in this faith-based addiction recovery program describe their own learning? and (b)-What were the subjects' perceptions of changes they experienced while in this faith-based addiction recovery program?
Participants' descriptions resulted in four conclusions: Multiple formal activities affected each participant; informal learning occurred throughout the WCM facility; participants' descriptions of changes at WCM resulted in recognition of changes throughout their prior lives; there was no single description by participants of a change, or a motive for change, at WCM.
Implications for future research include conducting longitudinal studies of this program's graduates, conducting studies with different participants to compare to this study, analyzing subsets of the data obtained, determining the indicated key programmatic elements, conducting studies about nonfaith-based residential substance addiction recovery programs to compare to this study.
Implications for practice include seeking adult educator's advice about including adult learning principles in substance addiction recovery, using adult educators as instructors in substance addiction recovery, and co-ordinating all practice activities with research findings.
Phillips, Kristina T. "Applying the Relapse Model to Harm Reduction: The Development and Evaluation of the Harm Reduction Self-Efficacy Questionnaire." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1131342662.
Повний текст джерелаMancino, Samantha 1987. "Involvement of the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems in addictive like-behaviours." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565773.
Повний текст джерелаEl aumento de la incidencia de la obesidad y de los trastornos de la alimentación representa un importante problema de salud en los países desarrollados. La baja tasa de éxito de los tratamientos disponibles para prevenir o revertir la obesidad y el fácil acceso a la comida obesogenica que lo causa, destacan la necesidad de encentrar dianas terapéuticas eficaces. Las importantes alteraciones conductuales que se asocian a esta enfermedad parecen estar mediadas por modificaciones en los circuitos de recompensa que imitan los cambios que ocurren durante el comportamiento adictivo. Por otra parte, al igual que las drogas de abuso, la obesidad se asocia con hábitos de ingesta anormales que pueden incrementar la vulnerabilidad a la recaída de búsqueda de comida. En la presente tesis, hemos investigado primero la implicación del sistema opioide endógeno en el mecanismo neurobiológico que subyace a la recaída del comportamiento de búsqueda de drogas y comida como una posible diana terapéutica en estos trastornos del comportamiento. En segundo lugar, hemos investigado las relaciones entre la sobre ingesta de comida palatable y la adicción conductual. De hecho, hemos demostrado que el entrenamiento operante repetido con comida palatable promueve alteraciones de la conducta, así como cambios epigenéticos, proteómicos y de plasticidad estructural en el circuito de la recompensa que recuerdan a los observados con las drogas de abuso. Es destacable señalar que hemos identificado el vii receptor cannabinoide 1 y el receptor delta opioide como sustratos neurobiológicos comunes que subyacen a estas alteraciones.
Quinn, Rikki Kate. "Understanding striatal neuroadaptations in addiction-relapse vulnerability." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1349956.
Повний текст джерелаAddiction is a cyclical disorder associated with rigid, habit like behaviour and a high propensity to relapse into drug seeking. Up to 90% of addicts will relapse during in their treatment, posing a substantial clinical hurdle to recovery. Currently, few pharmacotherapies are available to aid in recovery from drug seeking and prevention of relapse. The lack of effective treatment options is a product of our limited understanding of the persistent neuroadaptations that render individuals vulnerable to addiction and relapse. The striatum is a critical brain region involved in regulation of many facets of addiction-like behaviour, including reinforcement of conditioned stimuli and regulation of habit-like behaviour. Importantly, the striatum can be divided into four functionally heterogenous subregions: the nucleus accumbens shell (NACsh) and core (NACc) and the dorsomedial (DM) and dorsolateral (DL) striatum. A number of studies have identified changes in synaptic plasticity processes in these regions following illicit drug use. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to synaptic plasticity are yet to be fully elucidated. This thesis aimed to uncover the role of a number of critical synaptic plasticity associated genes in the development of addiction. Moreover, I aimed to understand the role of miRNA regulation of these genes, and how these changes in molecular substrates may contribute to addiction vulnerability. I first investigated the role of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) in regulation of cocaine taking, withdrawal and reinstatement of drug use. mTORC1 is a serine threonine kinase involved in the translation of several synaptic plasticity proteins, including AMPAR subunits and CAMKIIα, and has been previously implicated in addiction behaviour. I observed that withdrawal from cocaine taking increased mTORC1 activity in the NAC. Moreover, inhibition of mTORC1 using rapamycin decreased the expression of addiction-like behaviour, while reducing markers of mTORC1 activity. Intra-cerebroventricular injection of rapamycin also decreased the motivation to consume cocaine measured using progressive ratio (PR) testing. Furthermore, inhibition of mTORC1 in the NACsh reduced PR responding as well as cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. These addiction behaviours were reduced by systemic administration of rapamycin. Critically, decreased expression of indices of mTORC1 activity were evident in the NAC, but not DS. Together these experiments demonstrate a key role for mTORC1 expression in the NAC but not DS in the regulation of addiction-like behaviour. Importantly, it has been shown that mTOR and other synaptic plasticity genes are altered in the striatum of rats that show evidence of addiction vulnerability. However, the mechanisms contributing to these changes are unclear. Thus, the second aim of this thesis was to assess the role of miRNA in the regulation of these critical synaptic plasticity genes. miRNA are short, non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression. I assessed the expression of miRNA in the striatal subregions and their role in regulation of synaptic plasticity genes. Previous evidence suggests that there is a global downregulation of synaptic plasticity genes, including mTOR, Arc and Drd1, in the striatum of addiction-vulnerable animals compared to resilient controls. However, the results of my first study showed that decreased mTORC1 in the NACsh reduced indices of addiction. Critically, this demonstrates a temporal time course for expression of these genes. As such, I developed a novel method of identifying addiction vulnerable animals throughout the course of the addiction cycle. I found that during the drug-taking phase of addiction cycle, cocaine self-administering rats had altered expression of key miRNA, including miR-101b, miR-137, miR-132 and miR-212 in the striatal subregions. However, there were few changes between vulnerability groups. In contrast, there was a significant increase in the expression of these miRNA in the striatal subregions of addiction vulnerable rats compared to resilient controls following cocaine reinstatement. Importantly, miR-212 has been implicated in the regulation of compulsive cocaine use. Moreover, miR-101b has been previously shown to regulate mTOR, and was found in the current thesis to regulate Drd1 expression. These results suggest that miRNA are involved in the regulation of key synaptic plasticity genes involved in control of addiction relevant behaviour. Overall, the results of this thesis demonstrate a critical role for synaptic plasticity genes including mTOR, Arc and Drd1 and their miRNA regulators in the development of addiction. My findings have helped to elucidate the molecular changes in the striatal subregions that may contribute to addiction vulnerability and an increased propensity to relapse in addicted individuals.
MATOUŠKOVÁ, Zdeňka. "Případová studie dopadů závislosti na alkoholu." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-188879.
Повний текст джерелаBrown, Amanda Louise. "Molecular correlates of dopamine signalling in addiction vulnerability." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/932650.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis takes a unique approach to extend our understanding of the molecular signatures within the dopamine signalling system that are associated with the development of addiction-like behaviours and relapse to drug-seeking. This study integrates a self-administration animal model, which closely recapitulates behaviours observed in human addiction, with targeted gene expression analysis. By adapting procedures from Deroche-Gamonet et al. (2004), the model employed here characterises individual behavioural differences to determine whether animals are addiction and relapse-vulnerable or –resilient. Dysregulation of synaptic plasticity and its associated processes are thought to be involved in long-term relapse susceptibility. Therefore, using these behaviourally phenotyped animals, the expression of a selected set of synaptic plasticity-related genes was assessed in the ventral and dorsal striatum, and in midbrain dopamine neurons, which project to these striatal subregions. The striatum and midbrain are brain regions critically implicated in the development of addiction and relapse. The first part of the studies focussed on the striatum. Within this region, it was found that transcript levels for dopamine receptors, and several genes encoding proteins that affect or are involved in the synaptic plasticity processes of long-term potentiation and depression, were significantly lower in addiction and relapse-vulnerable animals compared to -resilient controls. These synaptic plasticity related transcripts included: ionotropic α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, protein kinase C and cGMP-dependent protein kinase II. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the activity-regulated cytoskeletal (Arc) genes, which encode proteins involved in the regulation of AMPA receptor subunit composition, also displayed reduced expression in the ventral and dorsal striatum of addiction and relapse-vulnerable animals. Furthermore, expression of the transcript encoding the upstream regulator of mTOR, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), was also decreased. In the second major part of the studies, the midbrain dopamine neurons, which provide dopaminergic input to both the dorsal and ventral striatum, were the focus. To allow examination of the molecular profile of synaptic plasticity-related transcripts specifically within these dopamine neurons, a novel immuno-laser-microdissection method had to be developed xi and validated, that made possible the identification and extraction of dopamine neurons from surrounding brain tissue. This high-salt buffer protocol yielded a sample that not only retained its RNA integrity, a prerequisite to allow meaningful interpretation of genomic investigations, but it also contained an enriched and relatively pure population of dopamine neurons. This methodology was then applied to midbrain cryosections obtained from rats phenotyped for addiction and relapse-vulnerability. Distinct profiles were observed following qPCR based gene expression analysis, when addiction and relapse-vulnerable animals were compared to –resilient animals. Most notable, was a change in the expression of the transcript encoding for brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, a known addiction-related signalling molecule. Within VTA dopamine neurons, BDNF gene expression was significantly lower, whereas within SN dopamine neurons, it was significantly higher in vulnerable rats relative to resilient controls. Additionally, transcripts encoding for AKT - a key modulator within the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway that is implicated in addiction, and for the dopamine D2 receptor, were significantly lower in the SN dopamine neurons of the addiction and relapse-vulnerable rats. Remarkably, despite indistinguishable cocaine consumption between relapse-vulnerable and –resilient rats, addiction-like behaviours were only evident in the –vulnerable group. Also, altered molecular profiles were identified two months after the start of cocaine abstinence, suggesting that they likely reflect persistent neuroadaptive changes rather than direct actions of the drug. Furthermore, the studies presented in this thesis are the first to utilize a model that behaviourally phenotyped animals as relapse-vulnerable or -resilient to examine the long-lasting expression of synaptic plasticity-related genes in both the ventral and dorsal striatum and, additionally, in specifically isolated VTA and SN dopamine neurons using immuno-laser-microdissection. Importantly, it should be noted that these data demonstrating altered gene expression within the dorsal striatum and SN dopamine neurons support emerging evidence of a crucial role for the dorsal striatum in the compulsive drug-taking behaviours and habitual components of addiction. By employing an approach that incorporates individual differences to elucidate underlying neural correlates, the work presented in this thesis is an important addition to the field as it endeavours to further our understanding of the neurobiology of addiction and relapse, and provide novel targets for future and potentially more efficacious pharmacotherapies.
Johnson, Sarah Anne. "Behavioural and Neuronal Correlates of Long-term Contextual Memory for Cocaine: Relevance to Craving and Relapse." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/65673.
Повний текст джерелаKubátová, Michaela. "Analýza metod a realizace prevence relapsu ve vybrané terapeutické komunitě." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-346798.
Повний текст джерелаEliášová, Barbora. "Potřeby osob závislých na návykových látkách k udržení úspěšné abstinence v následné péči." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343069.
Повний текст джерелаHronková, Veronika. "Jak bývalí uživatelé drog vnímají období své závislosti." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313980.
Повний текст джерелаGarrun, Candice. "Service users' and service providers' understandings of addiction and their impact on treatment plans and treatment outcomes." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10990.
Повний текст джерелаYing-ZaiChen and 陳映在. "Efficacy of the Relapse Prevention Coping Skills Training Program for Internet Gaming Addiction among Adolescents: 8-Month Follow-Up and Moderating Variables." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/am4a6c.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
行為醫學研究所
105
SUMMARY This study used that data set of grants to Professor Huei-Chen Ko, supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (NPS101-2511-S-468-002-MY3) to further evaluate the efficacy of relapse prevention coping skills training group (RPCSTG) for IGA among high-risk junior high school students in a randomized control trial up to eight-month follow-up, and moderating roles of gender, IG addiction level, and IG accessibility. 87 high risk students were screened and assigned randomly to counseling and guidance as usual group (CGG, n = 42) and RPCSTG (n = 45). Both groups were trained with six weekly 90-minutes sessions. The IGA severity, IG daily usage time, IG use positive outcome expectancy, IG refusal self-efficacy and IG accessibility were assessed for both groups at baseline, immediately after the intervention and eight-month follow-up (F/U). The intent-to-treat and generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses on the longitudinal data (including all randomized participants, n=87) was performed. Comparing to CGG, the RPCSTG had greater decreased in IGA score during post-test and eight-month F/U, high risk percent rate of IGA during eight-month F/U, IG usage time during post-test, and better effect in the rate of IG usage greater than two hours per day in eight-month F/U. The group x time interactions on positive outcome expectancy and refusal self-efficacy of IG were not significant in post-test and eight-month F/U. However, the RPCSTG had greater increases in the refusal self-efficacy of IG in eight-month F/U. The analyses on moderating effects showed that male-RPCSTG had greater reduction in IGA during post-test and eight-month F/U and in daily IG usage time in post-test. Female-RPCSTG’ daily IG usage time and IGA had higher decreases than female-CGG in eight-month F/U. Higher IGA severity-RPCSTG’ daily IG usage time had higher reduction than in post-test. Higher IG accessibility-RPCSTG had greater decreased in IGA levels in post-test and F/U. RPCSTG had greater improvement in IGA levels and IG usage time compared to those in CGG. However, there were no better time effects on the improvement of positive outcome expectancy and refusal self-efficacy while the RPCSTG had greater enhancement in the IG refusal self-efficacy in eight-month F/U the intergroup differences did not reach significance. Moreover, the moderating roles of gender, IGA severity and IG accessibility should be considered in the future studies with larger sample size. Keywords: relapse prevention, coping skills training, internet gaming addiction INTRODUCTION Junior high school students had been reported to have higher internet games (IG) use frequency and internet gaming addiction (IGA) prevalence. Though IGA was association with positive effects, IG overuse was increasingly recognized to be related to multiple functional impairment. The prevention and intervention program of IGA among adolescents has become an important issue. The efficacy studies on IGA intervention program remains limited, and there is few studies investigate moderating variables with randomized control, long-term follow-up. In Ko's study, the efficacy of relapse prevention (RP) coping skills training programs was examined among adolescents with high-risk IGA in a randomized control trial ( grants to Professor Huei-Chen Ko, supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology and entitled Preventive Education on internet addition and its effectiveness for junior high school students in Taiwan, NPS101-2511-S-468-002-MY3). The present study used that data set to further evaluate the efficacy of relapse prevention coping skills training group (RPCSTG) for IGA among high-risk junior high school students in a randomized control trial up to eight-month follow-up, and moderating roles of gender, IG addiction level, and IG accessibility. METHOD Ko's study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Asia University, Taiwan. Students were recruited from two junior high schools in two city, By using Ko’s DSM-5 Internet Gaming Addiction Scale, 87 high risk students were screened and assigned randomly to an counseling and guidance as usual group (CGG, n = 42) and relapse prevention coping skills training group (RPCSTG, n = 45). Both groups were trained with six weekly 90-minutes sessions. The IGA severity, IG daily usage time, IG use positive outcome expectancy, IG refusal self-efficacy and IG accessibility were assessed for both groups at baseline, immediately after the intervention and eight-month follow-up (F/U). The intent-to-treat analysis on the longitudinal data (including all randomized participants, n=87) was performed. The missing responses among pre-test were imputed by total mean, among pose-test with subgroup mean, and among the eight-month follow-up test by the post-test data. To analyze continuous and dichotomous outcome measures over time, the generalized estimating equation (GEE) was carried out with the reference standard of time of pre-test, and the comparative group with the CGG. RESULTS Groups had no intergroup difference on the pretest levels of IGA, IG usage time per day (mean minutes and greater than two hours), positive outcome expectancy of IG and refusal self-efficacy of IG. GEE showed that the group x time interactions on IGA scores were significant during post-test and eight-month F/U. Further analyses indicated that RPCSTG had greater improvement in IGA levels compared to those in CGG. The group x time interaction on usage time was significant in post-test, but not in eight-month F/U. The group x time interaction on the rate of IG usage greater than two hours per day was not significant in post-test, but was significant in eight-month F/U. The RPCSTG had greater decreased in IG usage time compared to CGG in post-test and better effect in the rate of IG usage greater than two hours per day in eight-month F/U. The group x time interactions on positive outcome expectancy and refusal self-efficacy of IG were not significant in post-test and eight-month F/U. However, the RPCSTG had greater increases in the refusal self-efficacy of IG in eight-month F/U. The analyses on moderating effects of gender showed that among male students, the RPCSTG had greater reduction in IGA during post-test and eight-month F/U and in daily IG usage time in post-test. However, female-RPCSTG’ daily IG usage time and IGA had higher decreases than female-CGG in eight-month F/U. The analyses on moderating effects of IGA severity revealed that high IGA severity students, RPCSTG’ daily IG usage time had higher reduction than in post-test. The analyses on moderating effects of IG accessibility displayed that among students with the higher IG accessibility level, the RPCSTG had greater decreased in IGA levels compared to CGG in post-test.and F/U. DISCUSSION The randomized control trial with eight-month follow-up showed that RPCSTG had greater improvement in IGA levels and IG usage time compared to those in CGG. However, there were no better time effects on the improvement of positive outcome expectancy and refusal self-efficacy while the RPCSTG had greater enhancement in the IG refusal self-efficacy in eight-month F/U the intergroup differences did not reach significance. Moreover, the moderating roles of gender, IGA severity and IG accessibility should be considered in the future studies with larger sample size.
James, Morgan. "The role of cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript (CART) and orexin in drug- seeking and addiction-related behaviours." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1042341.
Повний текст джерелаOver the past decade, two hypothalamic neuropeptides, cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript (CART) and orexin (hypocretin), have been shown to play important roles in regulating addiction-relevant behaviours, including ‘reinstatement’ of drug-seeking, a model of relapse-like behaviour. Interestingly, CART generally opposes the rewarding effects of psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine and negatively regulates reinstatement of drug-seeking. In contrast, orexin generally promotes reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Despite intense interest in CART and orexin as potential novel targets for pharmacotherapies designed to treat cocaine addiction, very little is known as to where in the brain these peptides act to regulate addiction-relevant behaviour. The work presented in this thesis investigated the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) as a potential important site of convergence for CART and orexin signaling in the regulation of reinstatement behaviour. As a first step, I provide evidence that PVT signaling is important for reinstatement behaviour. In Chapter 1, I present data demonstrating that activation of PVT, as gauged by levels of Fos-protein, a marker of neuronal activity, is strongly correlated with cocaine reinstatement elicited by drug-associated cues. In Chapter 2, I show that intra-PVT injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a sodium-channel blocker, attenuated drug-primed reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Taken together with evidence implicating the PVT in stress responsivity, these findings point to the PVT as an important substrate that may be common to all forms of reinstatement (cue-, drug- and stress-induced). In Chapter 2 I also show that microinfusions of the CART peptide directly into the PVT attenuated drug-primed reinstatement, suggesting that CART acts in this region to negatively regulate cocaine-seeking behaviour. In contrast, data presented in Chapter 3 suggests that orexin signaling in the PVT is not important for reinstatement behaviour, as intra-PVT injections of the orexin receptor-1 antagonist SB-334867 had no effect on cocaine seeking elicited by drug cues. This Chapter raises the possibility that orexin receptor-2 signaling in the PVT may be more important in reinstatement behaviour. Subsequent studies in Chapter 3 point to the importance of orexin signaling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in regulating reinstatement behaviour. Intra-VTA infusions of SB-334867 significantly attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking without having any effect on spontaneous locomotor activity. These findings are further explored in Chapter 4, where I show that intra-VTA SB-334867 administration altered the activity of key drug-seeking substrates, including the PVT. I also present evidence that intra-VTA SB-334867 treatment does not affect reinstatement responding for a natural reward, suggesting that at low doses, SB-334867 can reduce drug seeking but not affect normal motivated behaviour. This Chapter also summarises the findings from each of the former chapters and discusses the implications of these findings in the context of the existing literature relating to the role of hypothalamic peptides in regulating drug-seeking behaviour. In the final chapter of this thesis, I focus on the orexin system as a possible neurobiological link between addiction and stress-related disorders such as depression and anxiety. In this chapter (Chapter 5), I show that animals exposed to early life stress exhibit hypoactivity of the orexin system following exposure to an additional stressor in adulthood. These findings are consistent with recent clinical evidence of reduced orexin activity in depressed patients. Interestingly, findings in this chapter also demonstrate that access to voluntary wheel running, an intervention known to have beneficial effects for depressive-like symptomology, protected against changes in orexin function and stress-related behaviour in male rats, but not female rats. Whilst these findings represent only the first step in our understanding, they point to the possibility that dysregulated orexin function may represent a neurobiological factor contributing to the high comorbidity of addiction and stress-related disorders.
Van, der Westhuizen Marichen Ann. "Aftercare to chemically addicted adolescents : practice guidelines from a social work perspective." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4034.
Повний текст джерелаSocial Work
D. Phil. (Social Work)
Van, der Westhuizen Marichen Ann. "Exploring the experiences of chemically addicted adolescents regarding relapsing after treatment." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1821.
Повний текст джерелаSocial Work
M. Diac. (Social Work)
Maternová, Marcela. "Fenomén alkoholismu a možnosti sociální práce." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329302.
Повний текст джерела