Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Adaptive building component"

Developing reusable components are one of the main objectives of component-based software engineering. They play a crucial role in the field of application development and support. CBSE use certain architectural patterns and infrastructures of standard software to increase overall product quality. CBSE apply two parallel engineering activities, domain engineering and component-based development (CBD). Domain analysis explores the application domain with the intent of finding functional, behavioural, and data components that are candidates for reuse and places them in the reuse repository. Strategies for developing adaptive reusable components using top-down domain analysis leads to good quality in the component. Domain analysis promotes strategies and models that have been developed for their specific areas. Therefore, these models are suitable for their own domain, but may not be entirely suitable for domain analysis of other domains. So, developing the reusable components using the top down domain analyses existing components. This paper describes how to build a domain to use top-down analysis of reusable software components.

<p class="Abstracttext-VITRUVIOCxSpFirst">The paper deals with the issue of the regeneration of the existing building heritage by framing the problems that characterize the relationships between users-buildings-neighbourhoods in a circular vision. Circular Economy concepts are well suited to the building and construction sector in cities. For example, refurbishing and adaptively reusing underutilized or abandoned buildings can revitalize neighborhoods whilst achieving environmental benefits. A systematic review of the literature and case studies has led to the identification of three areas of action of the CE in the regeneration of the built environment: a Macro-level (the public space), a Micro-level (the single component), a Meso-level (the building). However, the traditional approach of carrying out timely interventions aimed at responding to individual problems, be they of a structural, energetic, functional nature, relating to the building, the context or the single component is not entirely effective in terms of reformulation of the building characteristics. In this perspective, the paper suggests strategies of circular regeneration of residential buildings through adaptive solutions at room level, home level and urban in pursuit of human wellbeing.</p>

In this paper, we propose a middleware system for building adaptive migratory continuous media applications. In future computing environments, a variety of objects at home and in offices will embed computers, and various applications will be moved among these computers according to the user's locations. For example, a computer that executes an application may be changed to another computer according to the location of the application's user for monitoring his behavior. However, since the computers may have dramatically different hardware and software configurations, the application cannot be moved without taking into account the configurations of the computers that the application is migrated. Therefore, migratory applications should be aware of environments where they are executed. The paper focuses on middleware for building adaptive migratory continuous media applications that are one of the most important classes of migratory applications. Our middleware consists of three components. The first component is an environment server that monitors computing environments that applications run, and it notifies the changes of the environments to the applications. The second component is a continuous media toolkit that enables us to build adaptive migratory continuous media applications easily. The toolkit enables us to build continuous media applications in a highly configurable way. This makes applications to be adapted to every computing environment by changing their configurations. The third component is a migration manager that makes applications migratory. We also show an example of a migratory application, and describe some experiences with building the application.

With the economic restructuring during the 1980s and 1990s in Hong Kong, most manufacturing plants were relocated to China and many industrial buildings were left neglected or vacant. At the same time, owing to limited land supply, a shortage of affordable housing has been a problem in Hong Kong for many years. Adaptive reuse of industrial buildings may be a way of solving this problem. However, adaptive reuse is not an easy decision because there are many factors affecting adaptive reuse. Therefore, this paper examines the current situation of adaptive reuse of industrial buildings in Hong Kong and identifies a list of factors affecting the adaptive reuse of industrial buildings. Six factors are considered Critical Success Factors (CSFs). Based on a Principal Component Analysis, 33 factors are grouped into eight principal components, namely, sustainability, economics and finance, the market, changeability, location and neighborhood, culture and public interests, legal and regulatory matters, and the physical condition of the building. The identified CSFs and principal factors provide a useful reference for various stakeholders to have a clear understanding of the adaptive reuse of industrial buildings in Hong Kong, especially for the government to review current policies of adaptive reuse.

We introduce the concept of adaptive decomposition of signals into basic building blocks, of which each of the non-negative analytic instantaneous frequency are called mono-components. We propose certain methods based on p-starlike functions and Fourier expansions for such decomposition. We justify the terminology mono-component used in signal analysis.

Abstract In this paper, a neural network-based algorithm is proposed to adapt the performance maps of engine component models for the mismatches between aero-engine simulation models and actual engine characteristics. Based on the general characteristics data of rotating components in GasTurb, a neural network capable of calculating the efficiency and mass flow of rotating components is trained. This neural network is introduced into the engine nonlinear component model to calculate the deviation between the output parameter of each section of the engine component model and the real engine performance indicators. The linear relationship between the parameters of the nonlinear model is solved by applying perturbation theory. The error between the output characteristics of the neural network and the real engine component characteristics is derived based on the simulation error, which makes the neural network is further optimized so that it can track the current real engine performance. In this paper, a model of one turboshaft engine is used as the simulation object, and the simulation of component model building and performance maps adaptation is carried out. The simulation results show that the proposed performance maps adaptation algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of the component-level model of the turboshaft engine, and is applicable to model correction of various types of gas turbine engines.

In recent years, the use of services for Open Systems development has consolidated and strengthened. Advances in the Service Science and Engineering (SSE) community, promoted by the reinforcement of Web Services and Semantic Web technologies and the presence of new Cloud computing techniques, such as the proliferation of microservices solutions, have allowed software architects to experiment and develop new ways of building open and adaptable computer systems at runtime. Home automation, intelligent buildings, robotics, graphical user interfaces are some of the social atmosphere environments suitable in which to apply certain innovative trends. This paper presents a schema for the adaptation of Dynamic Computer Systems (DCS) using interdisciplinary techniques on model-driven engineering, service engineering and soft computing. The proposal manages an orchestrated microservices schema for adapting component-based software architectural systems at runtime. This schema has been developed as a three-layer adaptive transformation process that is supported on a rule-based decision-making service implemented by means of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The experimental development was implemented in the Solar Energy Research Center (CIESOL) applying the proposed microservices schema for adapting home architectural atmosphere systems on Green Buildings.

In the context of both sensory coding and signal processing, building factorized codes has been shown to be an efficient strategy. In a wide variety of situations, the signal to be processed is a linear mixture of statistically independent sources. Building a factorized code is then equivalent to performing blind source separation. Thanks to the linear structure of the data, this can be done, in the language of signal processing, by finding an appropriate linear filter, or equivalently, in the language of neural modeling, by using a simple feedforward neural network. In this article, we discuss several aspects of the source separation problem. We give simple conditions on the network output that, if satisfied, guarantee that source separation has been obtained. Then we study adaptive approaches, in particular those based on redundancy reduction and maximization of mutual information. We show how the resulting updating rules are related to the BCM theory of synaptic plasticity. Eventually we briefly discuss extensions to the case of nonlinear mixtures. Through out this article, we take care to put into perspective our work with other studies on source separation and redundancy reduction. In particular we review algebraic solutions, pointing out their simplicity but also their drawbacks.

This contribution will introduce carbon-reinforced concrete components (so-called carbon concrete composites, or C3) with sensor functionalities for innovative building envelopes. For a continuous in situ structural monitoring, these textile-reinforced concrete components are equipped with textile sensor networks consisting of resistive carbon fiber sensors (CFSs), which are integrated into the carbon fiber non-crimp fabrics of the concrete reinforcement by multiaxial warp-knitting. The in situ CFSs, consisting of 1 k or 50 k carbon fiber roving with added staple fiber/multifilament dielectric cladding, are later integral to the load-distributing elements of the concrete component, and elongations within these are easy to record with good correlation to ohmic resistance changes. Gage factors of k = 0.52–1.23 at linearity deviations of ALin = 4.0–8.7% are feasible. This allows a monitoring of C3 building envelopes for structural mechanical changes caused by physical changes within the component through mechanical or thermal loads or deformation and cracks.

After building the system structure model of materiel system reliability simulation based on Adaptive Agent, it emphasizes devising thinking on Adaptive Agent, which apperceives or responds change of system and environment and adjusts automatically failure generating algorithm, and provides devising thinking and reference on other Adaptive Agent in the frame, not only to simulate component action in the complex environment , then to mission environment-oriented reliability analysis for materiel system, establishes a better operational and current reference technology model.

I recenti progressi delle tecnologie ITC hanno profondamente influenzato il concetto di “edificio intelligente”, fornendo nuove prospettive di lavoro e rinnovati scenari operativi. L’ambiente intelligente si avvia ad essere uno spazio abitativo altamente automatizzato in cui l’utilizzo delle nuove tecnologie ICT permette di controllare in maniera ottimale gli ambienti. Ciò deve avvenire tenendo conto - come variabile e non come dato di ingresso - dei requisiti di comfort da rispettare individuati attraverso adeguati modelli simulativi; deve essere assicurata infine la sintonia del controllo con i comportamenti inerziali dei fabbricati. Questa visione è sicuramente lontana dalle attuali pratiche costruttive in cui il controllo dell’edificio è solitamente guidato da meccanismi di feedback omeostatici a breve termine e in cui gli impianti tecnici sono regolati sulla base di set-point predeterminati, non includendo quindi sistemi per il controllo della dinamica dell'ambiente naturale e del comportamento dell'utente finale. Questa prospettiva di ricerca ha sicuramente un ampio ambito di applicazione. Da un lato ciò comporta lo sviluppo di nuovi componenti edilizi attivi, dall'altro lato lo sviluppo di tecnologie ICT applicate ai sistemi domestici consente di comunicare tra loro e con la rete elettrica, permettendo il controllo autonomo e/o remoto del comportamento dell'edificio in modalità adattativa. Inoltre entrambi i sistemi condividono un comune filo conduttore riguardo allo sviluppo di una nuova classe di modelli fisici avanzati dei sistemi costruttivi e dei componenti. Questa tesi riguarda lo sviluppo di un processo di modellazione ingegneristica per lo sviluppo di modelli adattivi che supportino il controllo intelligente dei comportamenti energetici degli edifici e dei componenti. Il termine adattivo significa che l'edificio e i componenti attivi devono essere in grado di interpretare i dati rilevati (ambientali e indoor) e di prevedere gli stati futuri, modificare le loro politiche in funzione dell’evoluzione del contesto operativo, imparando dalla loro storia e dall’interazione con l’utente finale in modo tale da adattare le politiche al mutato contesto operativo.
Recently, new advances in ITC technologies discovered unforeseen scenarios that deeply influenced the original idea of smart home providing new insights that, at the end, generalised to the actual idea of smart environments. Smart environments are highly automated living spaces that are controlled through intelligent technologies that are able to optimally configure the space with respect to dynamically changing set of requirements, based on the prediction carried out by simulating models. The investigation of the impact of adaptive building technology in terms of energy saving is a relevant issue in the current smart building research scenario. It provides a vision that is definitely far away from the actual construction practice, where building control is usually operated on the basis of homeostatic short-term feed-back mechanisms, in which the technical equipment are regulated only on the basis of predetermined set points, without any attempt to include the dynamic of the natural environment and the end-user behaviour. This research perspective has definitely a broad scope. On one side it involves the development of new active building components, on the other side, the development of intelligent ICT allows the home systems to communicate with one another and with the energy grid, thereby enabling autonomous and/or remote control of the building behaviour in adaptive operating modes. Furthermore, both sides share a common redline, regarding the development of a new class of advanced physical models of both building systems and components that can be embedded in the real time adaptive building control system. This dissertation concerns the development of a model engineering process for the development of adaptive models that support the intelligent control of energy behaviors of buildings and components. The term adaptive means that the active building and components should be able to interpret the sensed data (indoor and environmental) and to forecast future states; to evolve its policies as the operating context evolves; to learn from its history and from the end-user interaction so the policies can be adapted to the evolved operating context.

The objective of this thesis is to prove, theoretically and empirically, the influence of the perceived quality of the building materials for residential use, in the determination of its estimated real estate value, for future calculation utilizing a comparison technique. To achieve this goal,we intend to develop an initial estimate to the synthetic index of the perceived quality of the building materials used in residencial , which will serve as a tool to facilitate and improve the actual calculation utilizing the comparison method in the real estate context. Currently, the valuation sciences don't consider a multidimensional indicator of materials in its calculations. This problem has a special impact when obtaining that valuation, making it difficult to evaluate if the objective quality of the materials and the subjective perception of the material's intrinsic quality are determinants of the real estate value. From this approach,the main hypothesis establishes preliminarily that the perceived quality of the material,as determined by suppliers and buyers, is a variable factor dependant of the complex interrelation of its aesthetical appeal,considering the acceptance level of the materials by the general public, and the technical level of the same, being the latter a factor dependant of its location in the dwelling. From this point of view, the investigation has been structured in two parts. In the first one, the bibliography section documents reference information found in articles ,thesis, magazines, related books and previous studies about the issue. With this material,the starting point is established for the development of this research work, addressing the theoretical argumentation,where the theory of value-utility is explained from the objective and subjective perspectives of the estimation of the real estate value. The second part has 2 stages: The first one tries to calculate the synthetic index of the perceived quality of interior finish materials utilizing the model of multi-variable Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Following this methodology, two different questionnaires have being designed, one for a sample of 400 users and another one for 35 building professionals, both performed during 2009 in Spain, specifically in the province of Alicante (Comunidad Valenciana). The second phase is focused in making a validation of the approximation to the synthetic index perceived during 2011. In this regard, it was considered appropriated start from a simple of 108 surveys for users and 101 surveys for experts in construction,both in the same location where the second part of the study was conducted.lt is important to remember that the method used for this last phase of the research was the Adaptative Conjoint Analys is with the propose of getting the general standardized valuation of partial utilities of the attributes associated with perception of the house's construction, when using the materials in floorings and vertical finishes based on maximization of demand preference. The two methodologies used in this second part are intended to find the distribution pattern of the perceived quality of building materials in residential use and see what the implicit weighs of the aesthetic appeal are as well as the technical quality of the material. This Doctoral Thesis allows the combination of two major lines of research,such as the discipline of building and the valuation sciences of real estate. For this reason, this Doctoral Thesis could be considered a pioneer study regarding to analysis of perception about the quality of the interior finish materials in residential use, for its subsequent application to the calculation of the estimate of the real estate value. In the case of our country, and especially in the province of Alicante, the results of this study can be considered as a channel of actualized information for the use of the building materials in the Levantine Architecture.
Esta tesis tiene como objeto fundamentar teórica y empíricamente la influencia de la calidad percibida de los materiales de construcción del uso residencial en la determinación de la estimación del valor de mercado, para su utilización posterior en la técnica de comparación.Para ello, se pretende diseñar una primera aproximación al índice sintético de la calidad percibida de los materiales en la edificación residencial,que sirva como herramienta para facilitar y mejorar la realidad de cálculo del método de comparación en el ámbito inmobiliario. Actualmente, la disciplina de la valoración no contempla en sus cálculos un indicador multidimensional de los materiales. Este problema tiene una especial incidencia en su obtención al imposibilitar evaluar si la calidad objetiva de los materiales y la percepción subjetiva de dicha calidad intrínseca, determinan el valor de mercado de los inmuebles. A partir de este planteamiento ,la hipótesis central postula de manera preliminar que la calidad percibida del material,tanto por oferentes como por demandantes, es un factor que depende de la interrelación compleja de su atractivo estético, teniendo en cuenta el nivel de aceptación de los materiales por la sociedad y la calidad técnica del mismo, siendo este último un factor dependiente de su localización en la vivienda. La investigación se ha estructurado en 2 apartados. En el primero, se establece la fase documental en donde se recopila la información encontrada en artículos, tesis, revistas, libros relacionados con el tema y estudios previos relacionados con el planteamiento del problema. De esta manera, se marca el punto de partida para el desarrollo de este trabajo de investigación y se aborda la argumentación teórica, en donde se expone la teoría del valor- utilidad des de la perspectiva objetiva y subjetiva de la estimación del valor de mercado. El segundo apartado se encuentra divido en dos etapas: En la primera, se trata de conseguir una aproximación al índice sintético de la calidad percibida respecto a los materiales en la edificación,siendo la técnica estadística multivariante con Statistical Package for Social Sciences la metodología utilizada para la investigación. A tales efectos ,se han diseñado 2 encuestas a partir de una muestra de 400 usuarios y 35 expertos en edificación durante el 2009, implementándose la investigación en España y más concretamente en la provincia de Alicante (Comunidad Valenciana). La segunda etapa se centra en realizar una validación de dicha aproximación al índice sintético de la calidad percibida durante el 2011. En este sentido, se consideró oportuno partir de una muestra de 108 encuestas para usuarios y 101 encuestas para expertos en edificación, realizadas ambas en la misma localización geográfica en donde se lleva a cabo la segunda parte del estudio. Cabe señalar que la metodología utilizada para esta última parte de la investigación ha sido la Adaptative Conjoint Analysis con el objetivo de obtener la valoración estandarizada general de las utilidades parciales de los atributos asociados a la percepción sobre los materiales de construcción del bien vivienda ,para uso de pavimentos y revestimientos verticales interiores, en base a la maximización de las preferencias de la demanda. Las 2 metodologías utilizadas tienen como finalidad el encontrar el patrón de distribución de la calidad percibida de los materiales de construcción en el uso residencial y ver cuáles son los pesos implícitos del atractivo estético y de la calidad técnica del material. En síntesis, la investigación permite aunar dos grandes líneas de investigación, como son la disciplina de los materiales de construcción y la disciplina de la valoración inmobiliaria.
La tesi di Dottorato che di seguito è presentata è stata sviluppata presso il Departamento de Tecnología de la Arquitectura (TA), della Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Barcelona, nel programma di Dottorato in Gestión y Valoración Urbana y Arquitectónica presso la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña. Questa tesi si propone di dimostrare, teoricamente ed empiricamente, l’influenza della qualità percepita dei materiali da costruzione ad uso residenziale nella determinazione della stima del valore di mercato, per un suo successivo utilizzo all’interno della stima comparativa. A questo fine è stato, prima di tutto, costruito un indice sintetico della qualità percepita dei materiali ad uso residenziale, che è servito come strumento per facilitare e migliorare la procedura estimativa basata sul principio comparativo in campo immobiliare. Attualmente, la disciplina della valutazione non include, all’interno delle sue procedure, un indicatore multidimensionale relativo alla qualità dei materiali. Questa mancanza ha un impatto notevole durante il processo di determinazione del valore di mercato di un immobile, sia da un punto di vista più oggettivo, sia dal lato della percezione soggettiva del consumatore. Coerentemente a questo primo obiettivo, l’ipotesi fondamentale è che la qualità percepita dei materiali di finitura sia, per i venditori come per gli acquirenti, un fattore che dipende – tenuto conto del livello di accettazione di un certo materiale da parte della società – dalla complessa interazione dell’aspetto estetico e della qualità tecnica, essendo quest’ultima un fattore legato, a sua volta, alla posizione di un materiale all’interno di un determinato ambiente, come, ad esempio, è quello domestico. La ricerca è stata strutturata in due principali sezioni. Nella prima, si stabilisce lo stato dell’arte e l’avanzamento della disciplina su questo argomento attraverso una documentazione costituita da articoli, lavori di tesi, riviste e testi relativi al contesto nazionale e internazionale. In questo modo, si pongono le basi per lo sviluppo del lavoro di ricerca e si affronta l’argomento da un punto di vista più teorico, rifacendosi alla teoria del valore-utilità in una prospettiva oggettiva/soggettiva La seconda sezione è suddivisa, a sua volta, in due parti: nella prima, si è cercato di ottenere un indice sintetico della qualità percepita dei materiali da costruzione attraverso una tecnica statistica multivariata, implementata per mezzo del software IBM-SPSS Statistics 20. A tal fine, si sono progettate due indagini, la prima basata su un campione di 400 utenti e 35 esperti in costruzioni, intervistati nel corso del 2009, implementando la ricerca in Spagna e in particolare nella provincia di Alicante (Comunità Valenciana); la seconda si è invece concentrata sulla validazione di questo primo approccio ed è stata sviluppata nel corso del 2011. A questo proposito, si è ritenuto opportuno partire da un campione di 108 interviste di utenti e da 101 interviste di esperti in costruzioni, entrambi localizzati nella stessa posizione geografica dell’analisi precedente. Questa volta, la metodologia utilizzata è stata tuttavia differente; si è scelto di impiegare la Adaptive Conjoint Analysis, che ha lo scopo di ottenere una valutazione standardizzata globale delle utilità parziali degli attributi associati alla percezione dei materiali da costruzione ad uso residenziale, per pavimentazione e finiture d’interni, basata sull’analisi delle preferenze dei consumatori. Le due metodologie utilizzate, in questa seconda fase, sono state scelte al fine di pervenire a un modello idoneo di valutazione della qualità percepita dei materiali da costruzione ad uso residenziale, calcolando i pesi impliciti del fattore estetico e della qualità tecnica dei singoli tipi di rivestimento. In sintesi, la ricerca consente di porre a confronto due aree disciplinari differenti, come la scienza dei materiali da costruzione e la valutazione immobiliare. Pertanto, essa potrebbe essere considerata come uno studio pilota con lo scopo di incentivare successive applicazioni basate sulla stima comparativa del valore di mercato. Nel caso del nostro paese e in particolare nel caso della provincia di Alicante, i risultati di questo studio potrebbero costituire una fonte di informazione aggiornata per l’utilizzo dei nuovi materiali da costruzione nell’architettura levantina.

This contribution will introduce carbon-reinforced concrete components (so-called carbon concrete composites, or C³) with sensor functionalities for innovative building envelopes. For a continuous in situ structural monitoring, these textile-reinforced concrete components are equipped with textile sensor networks consisting of resistive carbon fiber sensors (CFSs), which are integrated into the carbon fiber non-crimp fabrics of the concrete reinforcement by multiaxial warp-knitting. The in situ CFSs, consisting of 1 k or 50 k carbon fiber roving with added staple fiber/multifilament dielectric cladding, are later integral to the load-distributing elements of the concrete component, and elongations within these are easy to record with good correlation to ohmic resistance changes. Gage factors of k = 0.52–1.23 at linearity deviations of ALin=4.0–8.7% are feasible. This allows a monitoring of C³ building envelopes for structural mechanical changes caused by physical changes within the component through mechanical or thermal loads or deformation and cracks.

Anne Lacaton has been a visiting professor at the TU Delft Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment during the Fall Semester 2016-2017, hosted by the Chair of Heritage & Design. In the professional field of Heritage & Design the starting point for design is not just a functional brief and a blank sheet of paper but the challenge of an existing spatial setting and cultural-historical context. It is a dynamic and innovative field in architecture that deals with the architectural re-interpretation, adaptive reuse and restoration of historic buildings. This book reports on her workshops and studios during her time at TU Delft. It presents re-use projects at different scales, in different situations and with different programs. These projects generated reflection along with pertinent and inventive ideas that made it possible to overturn the situations in a positive manner, to change the approach and bring forth interesting solutions, a new situational intelligence and a new intelligence towards thinking about architecture and the urban situation. In these projects, what is initially seen as obsolete and as a constraint or restriction through an opening of the mind and a change in outlook and approach, becomes an opportunity, a chance and an asset. If you look at a situation without a frame or filter and with an open spirit, a building that no longer has a purpose and is a hindrance becomes a liberty. The students adhered to this specific approach: No longer looking at something existing as imperfect, constraining, obsolete, not beautiful etc., but instead as a resource, a component, a stratum/layer and a basis for creativity. The idea of drawing value from everything existing, producing richness with less money but with the greater means and parameters offered by existing situations. Extending the story to do better and more of it. A process of regeneration, extension, adaption and re-use rather than replacement. This way of seeing, thinking, projecting is not really widespread. Making new, remove and replace, restarting from the empty remains mostly the way of doing; whereas the superposition, addition, combination, overlapping, infiltration, appear accurate, contemporary, rich, innovative. Therefore, with regard to this work of the semester and to conclude the guest invitation, I think it’s important to collect and publish these ideas and positions by students and teachers involved with the semester’s work. We hope that this booklet will leave a trace and a lasting material for reflection and discussion.

Abstract The goal of this volume is to contribute to the collective effort of building cumulative knowledge in the field of political communication. It does so by adapting, refining, and extending the Politics-Media-Politics (PMP) principle. PMP is an intentionally broad conceptual map that is designed to be adopted by researchers working in a variety of fields. The book’s chapters illustrate this concept map’s basic components, demonstrate how to apply it, and showcase its usefulness. The PMP principle can be best understood in two central propositions. The “politics first” proposition makes the following claim: The role of all forms of media in politics can best be understood as one in which variations in political ecosystems are the most important factors leading to variations in communication systems, values, practices, and resources. The “media selection and transformation” proposition is formulated thusly: All forms of media do not merely reflect the nature of the political ecosystem, they can also have an independent effect on political processes by selecting and transforming political events and issues into stories. When these two claims are combined, detailed, and developed, they provide a powerful conceptual structure for integrating research from a variety of fields in political communication. Chapters address the role of the media in election campaigns, historical change, violent conflicts and peace processes, comparative political communication, and how to use the PMP approach to assess media performance in democratic and autocratic regimes.

AbstractDigital tools for fast-track renovation operations developed in the project aim to shorten the duration of renovation and disturbance to the occupants with BIM-enabled methods and tools in operations management at site and with prefabrication to speed up the installation tasks. The chapter presents an ensemble of tools, concepts and use cases. First, two tools are described that are used to support construction production management and user communication. Then a concept how product data could be used as part of the tools and further how the product data and the tools could support in achieving the overall BIM4EEB objectives in the use cases of prefabricated exhaust air heat pump and prefabricated thermal insulation. Target of the work was to improve the state-of-the-art planning and monitoring. A new tool was created that combines the BIM model and typical work breakdown structure (WBS) based project scheduling into location breakdown structure (LBS) based user-interface. Continuously updated LBS provide valuable information to stakeholders with web-service and mobile applications. The 24/7 situational awareness of the renovation activities status provides unprecedented transparency of the project progress. Hence, the system allows scheduling the site activities with shorter lead times to shorten the total construction duration while it is possible to immediately take control of possible deviations in implementation. The reliable progress data is available also to the clients and occupants with right timed guidance and safety instructions. The other aim in the work was to utilise BIM for increasing the share of prefabrication in renovation projects. The BIM-based design allows to manage the compatibility and tolerances between design disciplines and adapting those with mapped geometry of the building will enable the prefabrication and preassembling of structural and system components also in renovation. Two best practice examples were developed and described showing how to utilise prefabrication in real renovation scenarios.

In this book chapter, a system identification method for modeling nonlinear behavior of smart buildings is discussed that has a significantly low computation time. To reduce the size of the training data used for the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), principal component analysis (PCA) is used, i.e., PCA-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system: PANFIS. The PANFIS model is evaluated on a seismically excited three-story building equipped with a magnetorheological (MR) damper. The PANFIS model is trained using an artificial earthquake that contains a variety of characteristics of earthquakes. The trained PANFIS model is tested using four different earthquakes. It was demonstrated that the proposed PANFIS model is effective in modeling nonlinear behavior of a smart building with significant reduction in computational loads.

In this book chapter, a system identification method for modeling nonlinear behavior of smart buildings is discussed that has a significantly low computation time. To reduce the size of the training data used for the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), principal component analysis (PCA) is used, i.e., PCA-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system: PANFIS. The PANFIS model is evaluated on a seismically excited three-story building equipped with a magnetorheological (MR) damper. The PANFIS model is trained using an artificial earthquake that contains a variety of characteristics of earthquakes. The trained PANFIS model is tested using four different earthquakes. It was demonstrated that the proposed PANFIS model is effective in modeling nonlinear behavior of a smart building with significant reduction in computational loads.

This work is focused in implementing and assessing a flipped classroom model in the concrete and steel structures subject, a core subject within architecture undergraduate studies. Even though current legislation in Spain settle architects as the last responsible of building structures, most architects delegate these processes in professional studios specialized in structures. Being the most common way of proceeding in architectural studios, it is not uncommon among architects to think that a deep knowledge in structures is not necessary, especially regarding calculations development. In this framework, concrete and steel structures is a subject with high logical reasoning component using mathematics, and this knowledge is considered by most of the students as difficult to acquire. With the aim of increasing students' motivation in the subject contents and improving students' acquisition of competences a new teaching proposal using flipped classroom method has been designed, implemented, and analyzed.

Applied behavior analysis is a systematic approach to teaching skills to adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Approaches to skill-building can be applied to teach academic, behavioral, adaptive living, and social skills. When teaching skills, consideration of the skills to be taught, the level at which that skill should be performed, and the value of that skill to the individual is necessary. Assessment requires identifying skills that are valued by the communities in which the individual participates and serve to increase independent functioning. Skill development programs require a generalization component to ensure that acquired skills are demonstrated across settings, people, and materials. Prompting can serve as an important means of supporting errorless learning. However, prompts must be faded quickly to prevent prompt-dependency. Fluency in skill development is a means of measuring automaticity in learned skills that support maintenance, generalization, and endurance of learned skills post-training.

In this chapter we discuss the development of edutainment systems supported by augmented reality applications, in order to enable augmented reality technologies for archaeology within the so-called communication engine for museums and cultural tourism. The task in hand is interdisciplinary and its successful implementation relies heavily on information technology as a detailed analysis of content-user needs and sound interaction design capable to support edutainment scenario is needed. This work identifies the role of each building component, describes their interrelationship within the wider context and adopts a suitably designed framework in order to develop multiple guided-tour types. Real-life case study scenario on a specific case, that of the Old Fortress in the UNESCO-listed Old Town of Corfu, Greece, are used to demonstrate the adaptive nature of content and how the system and developers handle different uses. The proposed approach offers new narration tools for content experts while it may be used to support personalised visitor experiences.

Many lessons were learned from building experimental deformable mirrors with many hundreds of actuators. The design of the next generation large aperture component is discussed in terms of those lessons and previously undisclosed developments which include a 28 volt actuator stack with redundant segments and a hybrid driver compatible with multiplexed operation.

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) accounts for 40% to 60% of residential and commercial building energy consumption, making this a critical component of energy usage in the face of rising energy prices. Building-integrated thermoelectrics (BITE) may provide a step towards adaptive homes and buildings that offer significantly improved efficiency and comfort. Integrating thermoelectrics into thermal mass and resistance (insulation) wall systems presents a fundamental shift from optimizing heating and cooling source efficiencies and minimizing building-envelope energy losses to a new regime where an active envelope is optimized to most efficiently eliminate those losses. This approach not only offers improved energy efficiency, but improves the uniformity and consistency of temperature, eliminates the need for all other heating and air conditioning equipment including thermal energy transport, and provides the platform for adaptive zone heating and cooling which can provide additional efficiency gains. Because of the solid-state nature of thermoelectrics, such a system would be reliable, low maintenance, silent, and clean. This paper examines various wall configurations and sizing for thermal mass, resistance, and thermoelectric components. A dynamic simulation is used to demonstrate how proper system design of thermal resistance and capacitance elements with existing thermoelectric materials may improve the typically low coefficient of performance of thermoelectric devices, making it competitive with traditional building systems. The results for different wall configurations are shown as a basis for future configuration design and optimization.

Abstract Tall and slender buildings often endure disturbances resulting from winds composed of various mean and fluctuating velocities. These disturbances result in discomfort for the occupants as well as accelerated fatigue life cycles and premature fatigue failures in the building. This work presents the development of a smart morphing façade (Smorphaçade) system that dynamically alters a buildings’ external shape or texture to minimize the effect of wind-induced vibrations on the building. The Smorphacade system is represented in this work by a series of plates that vary their orientation by means of a central controller module. To validate the simulation, a simple NACA0012 airfoil is simulated in a stream of air at a Reynolds number (RE) of 2 million. The pressure and viscous force profiles are captured to plot the variation of the lift force for different angles of attack that are then validated using published experimental airfoil data. After validation, the airfoil is attached to a linear spring-damper combination and is allowed to translate vertically without rotation according to the force profile captured from the surrounding air stream. A PID controller is developed to equilibrate the vertical position of the airfoil by altering its angle of attack. The model and its utility functions are implemented as an OpenFOAM® module (MSLSolid). Thereafter, the model is expanded to handle a planar case of a building floor carrying 4 controllable plates. The forces on the building profile are summed at the centroid of the building and the windward rigid body motion of the floor is estimated by reflecting the horizontal force component on a Finite Element (FE) model of the building. The time series information of the force acting on the building and the resulting oscillations are captured for exhaustive combinations of the plate angles. This data is used to build a lookup table that gives the best plate configuration for a given wind condition. A controller operates in real-time by searching the lookup table using readings of the wind condition. Preliminary results show a 94% reduction in the amplitudes of wind-induced vibrations.

This paper presents a successful functional design for a Robust Dynamic Positioning System (RDPS) capstone project. This design is created by using block diagrams with the inputs and outputs for all levels in order to build and test a vessel platform. The design at level 0 is a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensor to determine position of the vessel. Level 1 is the design of all hardware components. Level 2 shows the internal communications for each component. The results of building this platform with the real time test of the platform with the controllers is presented at level 3. An Adaptive and Segmented Proportional Integral Derivative (ASPID) controller has been designed to meet the design performances of this platform.

Situation-aware software systems open unique perspectives for improved goal achievement characteristics for both users and software suppliers. Such interactive systems give users individualized user experience, provide runtime-adaptive user in-terfaces, allow for situation-dependent task planning capabilities and can trigger ser-vice activations when the situational context changes.Situation-awareness is an evolution of the concept of context-aware computing that was first proposed for distributed mobile computing in [7]. In addition to software responsiveness when dynamically migrating applications to other devices and loca-tions, the notion of context then also included aspects related to the interacting people and the environment.The term situation-awareness was first established in psychology and the cognitive sciences. It was used for describing support systems for human operators in complex situations. By defining situation-dependent requirements correct and smooth interac-tive task accomplishment could be facilitated [3], [4]. For such systems, considering the changes of the interactive context over time plays an important role. The complete cognitive process of perception of the users is dependent on contextual information encountered during the interactive processing of tasks. To capture the individual requirements of a situation, Chang in [1] has suggested that a situation specification must cover the user’s operational environment E, the user’s social behavior B, by interpreting his or her actions, and a hidden context M that includes the user’s mental states and emotions. A situation Sit at a given time t can thus be defined as Sit = &lt;M, B, E&gt;t. A user’s intention for using a specific soft-ware service for reaching a goal can then be formulated as a temporal sequence (Sit1, Sit2, …, Sitn), where Sit1 is the situation that triggers the usage of a service or a task execution and Sitn is the goal-satisfying situation.This model provides a good starting point for the construction of situation-aware applications. However, for recognizing and evaluating situations, the hidden context M, i.e., the user’s emotions, intentions and cognitive load must be made visible and exploitable. Adaptive situation-aware software systems need cognitive and analytic capabilities to interpret the multitude of available emotional and bio-physical signals as well as application and contextual meta-data to being able to infer a goal-reaching set of adaptations.Rather than providing situation-awareness separately for each developed applica-tion, we present an integrated model-based environment for building and running dynamically adaptive situation-aware applications. Therefore, we follow a combined approach by linking the PaMGIS (Pattern-Based Modeling and Generation of Inter-active Systems) MBUID-framework [2] and its domain and user interface models with SitAdapt, a high-resolution observation platform with an integrated user-centric adap-tation component [5]. SitAdapt offers functionality for visual emotion recognition, eye- and gaze-tracking, pulse-rate-tracking, EEG-signal recording, as well as various other bio-physical signal monitoring capabilities. For integrating the necessary rea-soning capabilities, we have introduced situation rules that have access to both, the observed raw-situations, and the modeling resources of the MBUID.We have tested the SitAdapt system with different e-commerce web-applications, e.g., an existing beauty products shopping portal that was enhanced with situation-awareness capabilities and runtime adaptivity [6]. In this environment we also con-ducted two user studies for evaluating the monitoring features and adaptive power of the system with respect to functionality and user experience.In this paper we will discuss the exemplary construction process and runtime-operation of an adaptive situation-aware web-application for travel-booking. We will demonstrate the different steps of the building process that derive application structure and functionality from the task and domain models of the application and apply vari-ous HCI-patterns as well as design and layout models for generating the interactive parts of the source code. We then will describe the observation process that records individual situation profiles during interactive sessions. We will finally discuss the adaptation process that creates a priori adaptations based on the parsing of user and environment models and dynamic runtime-adaptations that are triggered by situation rules fired when a user-specific situation profile encounters conditions that were speci-fied in the situation-rule model of the application. We will conclude the paper with a discussion of ethical and privacy issues arising when confronting users with such powerful monitoring systems. We will also give a short outlook on assessing situation-rule performance and optimizing the rules by implementing a reinforcement learning-component in the future.

In the active context of adaptive architecture, this proposal tackles the field of Human Building Interaction. Indeed, material would no longer be inert but activated by the users, programmable and equipped with memory. The information chain penetrating each component of the house forms a field of globalities. On the one hand, in line with the under development of smart materials, giving intelligence to previously passive materials, we consider the pneumatically driven actuator material as soft robot and programmable and on the other hand, we implement swarm communications with means of innovative IT elements. Since the elements of the smart material are interdependent, we consider a novel approach of modeling their interactions, using tools from the vast field of game theory. The digital information travels gradually through the physical material. In a technical point of view, first, we expect that a pneumatic cells network could be considered as a Human Building Interaction. HBI could operate using both remote and haptic information, one constituted by emotional records, the other reacting to the physical contact. We focus on the emotional implementation and the haptic inputs, within a pneumatic cells network actuator. We considered both, inhabitant emotion and kinesthetic communication as inputs and we implemented pneumatically driven actuators. The pneumatic cells network is used as a soft changing interface, a dynamic architecture that links the building with the inhabitants, an architectural apparatus that supports an active process in a changing way. A program that can be described as a multi-player game addresses the pneumatic cells network.

The NASA Ames Research Center (NASA Ames) Center Chief Technologist (CCT) Office sponsors the Advanced Digital Materials and Manufacturing for Space (ADMMS) Initiative, which focuses on advanced manufacturing technologies for space, including identifying several target products, areas and applications, approaches for advanced manufacturing, mechanisms for collaboration, and complementary facilities. The pilot project for this initiative is the Multi-Purpose Avionics Core Element (M-PACE). The primary goal of M-PACE is to demonstrate advanced manufacturing techniques, such as additive manufacturing and Digital Materials, to minimize the cost of cube satellites and increase their modularity. M-PACE will be designed and built at the NASA Ames’ SpaceShop, which is a state-of-the-art advanced manufacturing facility built for NASA researchers to formulate ideas for projects. The final products of M-PACE are several completed side panels of a one-unit (1U) (10 cm cube) cube satellite prototype built using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, which will show the basic functionality of the internal payload by connecting it to the side panels for power and other subsystem capabilities. Within the structure, we are investigating the use of Digital Materials, which are universal building materials with the ability to increase precision and ease of assembly and disassembly of three dimensional (3D) objects. M-PACE will use COTS power systems and open-source hardware and software to distribute data through Ethernet through the use of snap-fit card connectors. Similar to Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Express cards, we envision the spacecraft subsystems and payloads to be on a PC104-like board that will slide into the side panel connectors to enable distribution of power and data. This design has the potential to greatly reduce the cost of Cube Satellite testing and integration due to the absence of wires and ease of access to internal boards for any necessary modifications.