Дисертації з теми "Adaptation transformative"
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1
Schulz, Karsten [Verfasser]. "Institutional Pathways to Transformative Climate Change Adaptation in Ghana / Karsten Schulz." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138981028/34.
2
Dorotiak, Jared. "Transformative Intersections: Theatre and Adaptation in Mary Zimmerman's Metamorphoses." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1375201350.
3
COLOCCI, ALESSANDRA. "Modelling disaster risk reduction: decoding social-ecological interactions to foster transformative adaptation." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/289629.
Анотація:
Questa ricerca intende contribuire alla discussione sulla riduzione del rischio disastri (DRR), esplorando come le comunità locali dovrebbero adattarsi ai pericoli che le circondano.
La prima parte riporta la teoria della panarchia alle dinamiche del rischio. Il modello teorico che ne deriva, la Panarchia Sociale-Ecologica, descrive le condizioni di rischio e permette di riconoscere i nuclei del DRR: la resilienza ai disastri e la sostenibilità ambientale. Il modello fornisce le basi per lo sviluppo di una Valutazione Combinata di Resilienza e Sostenibilità, concentrata sul rischio inondazione alla scala comunale. La seconda parte svolge un’analisi quantitativa attraverso indicatori, che identificano e caratterizzano i livelli di resilienza e sostenibilità. La terza parte impiega strumenti qualitativi (questionari) per raccogliere le percezioni delle comunità locali sui rischi presenti nei loro Comuni. L’analisi è stata applicata a due casi studio, la Regione Marche (Italia) e l’Hokkaidō (Giappone).
I risultati mostrano il ruolo delle inondazioni nel determinare la resilienza locale, e degli impatti antropici per la sostenibilità. Le criticità maggiori sono concentrate nelle aree montane/collinari. Allo stesso tempo, aspetti di welfare e sicurezza sociale risultano fondamentali per formare la resilienza, così come la presenza di vegetazione lo è per la sostenibilità. Inoltre, emerge una sostanziale differenza fra misurazione e percezione di resilienza e sostenibilità, generalmente in senso peggiorativo.
In generale, ulteriori sforzi dovrebbero essere diretti alle aree interne, benché la regione intera gioverebbe del consolidamento della resilienza locale. Inoltre, le comunità sembrano molto sensibili ai temi ambientali, per cui potrebbero appoggiare sforzi per aumentare la sostenibilità. Infine, questi studi possono contribuire alle strategie DRR, per promuovere l’adattamento trasformativo delle comunità locali, reso urgente dall’esasperazione degli eventi estremi.This research intends to contribute to the discussion on disaster risk reduction (DRR), investigating the question of how local communities should adjust to the surrounding threats. The first part adapted the panarchy heuristics to risk dynamics. The drawn theoretical model, the Social-Ecological Panarchy, could describe the conditions of risk and allow to recognise the two cores of DRR: disaster resilience and environmental sustainability. The model supported the development of a Combined Assessment of Resilience and Sustainability, focused on flood risk at the Municipal scale. The second part of the research performed a quantitative analysis through numerical indicators, that identified and characterised the levels of resilience and sustainability. The third part of the research employed qualitative tools (questionnaires) to gather the thoughts of local communities on the risks affecting their Municipalities. The analysis was applied to two case studies, Marche Region (Italy) and Hokkaidō (Japan). Results evidenced the role of flood events in determining the resilience capacities of local communities, and of the anthropic impacts for defining their sustainability. Most critical issues lied in the mountainous/hill areas. At the same time, social welfare and protection appeared pivotal in building local resilience, while the presence of vegetation shaped sustainability. Besides, a substantial mismatch emerged between assessed and perceived conditions of resilience and sustainability, generally in negative terms. Overall, it appeared that further efforts should be tailored to the innermost areas, though the overall region might benefit from consolidated resilience. At the same time, local populations seemed highly responsive to environmental issues, possibly endorsing the enhancement of sustainability. Eventually, these insights might inform risk reduction strategies, to foster a transformative adaptation of local communities, urged by exacerbating disruptive threats.
4
Gebreyes, Million Gebreyes [Verfasser]. "Transformative Adaptation and Natural Resource Managment in North Eastern Ethiopia / Million Gebreyes Gebreyes." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/112454027X/34.
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Matthews, Francis Anthony (Tony). "Institutional Responses to Transformative Stressors: Confronting the Climate Adaptation Imperative through Metro-Regional Planning." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366675.
Анотація:
Manifestations of climate change are already creating significant stress in many parts of the world. On-going increases in greenhouse gas emissions are tracking the upper level scenario forecasts proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This indicates a high probability that climate change stress will intensify over the coming decades. Consequently, responding through climate adaptation must become a central tenet of successful urban governance and management. Climate change adaptation is defined as an imperative in this thesis. The institutionalisation of climate adaptation is identified as a key institutional challenge for urban and metropolitan planning. Institutionalisation refers to climate adaptation becoming established, codified and implemented as a central tenet of planning governance.
This thesis develops conceptual understandings of climate adaptation as an institutional imperative. It identifies the intersection of this problem with planning and examines how planning regimes, as institutions, can better manage climate change stresses impacts in human settlements. Institutional transformation is identified as central to this process. Planning regimes must transform in order to institutionalise new rules of governance, which are designed to better respond to climate change stress through climate adaptation. A new conceptualisation of institutional transformation is presented in this thesis, focused on a new typology of stressors, referred to as ‘transformative stressors’. This is based on an argument that institutional scholarship does not adequately articulate the idea that certain stressors can create such severe stresses that institutional transformation must follow, or the institutions charged with responding risk failing or becoming redundant.
A transformative stressor is characterised as a chronic, large-scale phenomenon, which triggers a process of institutional transformation, whereby institutions seek to re-orientate their activities in order to better respond to the social, economic and environmental impacts created by the transformative dynamic. Climate change is characterised as a transformative stressor within the institutional context of urban and regional planning. Institutional transformation, leading to climate adaptation becoming established as a central element of planning governance, is identified as a necessary response to the social, economic and environmental stress associated with of climate change.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Dubo-Degeilh, Titouan. "Les solutions fondées sur la nature pour l'adaptation au changement climatique dans les Alpes : évaluer leur mise en oeuvre actuelle pour faciliter leur déploiement futur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALV115.
Анотація:
Le changement climatique se traduit dans les montagnes par l'augmentation en intensité et en fréquence des aléas climatiques extrêmes, affectant la biodiversité et les Contributions de la Nature aux Populations (CNP). Les Solutions fondées sur la Nature (SfN) ont la capacité d'aider les populations locales à s'adapter aux impacts du changement climatique tout en préservant la biodiversité. Cependant, l'état actuel de leur mise en œuvre reste peu compris, ainsi que les principaux freins à leur adoption et leur rôle dans l'aménagement des territoires.Pour combler ces lacunes, j'ai tout d'abord recensé et cartographié une centaine de SfN dans les Alpes visant à s'adapter au changement climatique. Cette base de données illustre la diversité de pratiques existantes pour faire face à un aléa donné et les nombreux CNP qu'elles apportent. J'ai évalué la correspondance spatiale des SfN avec l'intensité des aléas climatiques présente et à venir, ainsi qu'avec la capacité des écosystèmes à délivrer des CNP, ceux déjà acquis par les sociétés humaines, ainsi que ceux dont elles nécessitent. Les résultats montrent une faible corrélation, indiquant que les conditions climatiques et les CNP ne se sont pas les principaux moteurs à la mise en œuvre des SfN dans les Alpes.Pour identifier les principaux freins et leviers à leur mise en place, j'ai réalisé des entretiens semi-directifs en lien avec vingt SfN recensées. Cela m'a permis de définir leur contexte de décision grâce au cadre conceptuel « valeurs-règles-connaissances » et leur niveau de caractéristiques transformatives. L'analyse a révélé trois groupes de contexte de décision, qui sont les transformations locales en quête d'autosuffisance ; les pratiques incrémentales « green deal » basées sur l'évolution de la réglementation et des subventions disponibles ; ainsi que les initiatives impliquant la concertation d'une large diversité d'acteur·rice·s, chercheur·euse·s inclus·e·s. Pris individuellement, ces groupes montrent un potentiel d'adaptation transformative limité, mais considérer leurs interactions permettraient de définir une stratégie régionale d'adaptation intégrée.Pour déterminer le potentiel de déploiement des SfN dans les Alpes, j'ai identifié les zones à prioriser pour l'adaptation des territoires aux sécheresses par les SfN. L'analyse spatiale cible à la fois les zones déficitaires en eau, nécessitant une gestion intégrée de cette ressource, et celles excédentaires en eau, qu'il est primordial de préserver. Ces zones se concentrent dans les zones de plaines du sud et du nord-est. Un nombre limité de zones prioritaires pour l'adaptation coïncident avec celles qui ont un large potentiel pour la conservation de la biodiversité et la séquestration de carbone. Les zones prioritaires ne sont qu'en partie situées dans les aires protégées, nécessitant la prise en compte les situations locales pour la mise en place des SfN.Cette thèse confirme la capacité du concept de SfN à engager les populations locales dans une démarche d'adaptation aux crises climatique et de la biodiversité. Certaines de ces SfN ont la capacité de décloisonner les secteurs en silos pour l'adaptation. Intégrer les SfN plus largement dans ces réflexions permettrait une transformation de la vision de l'aménagement des territoires, où la préservation de la biodiversité est en conflit avec le développement local et la prévention des risques, vers une approche symbiotique. Cependant, de nombreux défis persistent pour déployer les SfN, comme le temps nécessaire pour qu'elles deviennent efficaces, l'existence d'autres enjeux, la prise en compte des incertitudes des conditions futures, ainsi que le manque de sources de financement. Échanger les pratiques existantes, de réussites mais aussi d'échecs, reconnaître le rôle des SfN pour l'aménagement des territoires, et définir de nouvelles méthodes de recherche transdisciplinaires permettrait de favoriser leur adoptionClimate change impacts mountains by increasing the intensity and frequency of natural disasters, altering Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) and threatening biodiversity. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized to support local communities in adapting to climatic hazards and conserving biodiversity. These initiatives hold the potential to accelerate the transformative adaptation of social-ecological systems, addressing the interconnected crises of climate and biodiversity. However, there is a limited understanding of the current stage of NbS implementation, the main existing barriers to their adoption, and their linkages with spatial planning.To address this knowledge gap, I first identified a portfolio of NbS for climate change adaptation in the European Alps and mapped their location. The database showcases a wide range of NbS interventions aimed at addressing a given hazard, with the potential for various NCP co-benefits. Then, I evaluated whether the NbS are located where they are the most needed according to the intensity of the climate hazards they aim to address and to the existing amount of supply, flow and demand of the NCP they aim to provide. The spatial analysis indicates few spatial correlations, suggesting that climate hazards and NCP may not be the primary drivers of NbS implementation.To identify the main levers and barriers of already implemented NbS and guide enabling policies for scaling NbS, I conducted twnety semi-structured interviews with NbS managers. I investigated their decision-making contexts through the values-rules-knowledge framework and by assessing the transformative characteristics of the initiatives. I identified three types of initiatives, namely local self-sufficient transformations; green deal practices based on incremental changes; and co-production initiatives involving various sectors at multiple scales. Individually, these groups show a limited potential for transformative adaptation. However, when considering their interplay, a co-produced regional strategy may hold the potential to foster transformative adaptation.To support the scaling of NbS at the Alpine level, I identified where NbS should be prioritized in the Alps for adaptation to drought. This spatial modelling considered areas where there is a deficit or a surplus of groundwater, respectively aiming at enhancing or safeguarding this essential resource for adaptation. The spatial distribution indicates that priority areas concentrate in the southern and the northeastern lowlands and hillsides. A limited number of areas meet simultaneously priorities for biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration and climate change adaptation. Priority areas are only partially located within protected areas, emphasizing the need to consider the local conditions when implementing NbS.The findings from these three analyses acknowledge the potential of the NbS concept to engage local communities in adaptation initiatives that jointly address both climate and biodiversity crises. Some of the identified initiatives fostered the adoption of NbS by breaking down silos of governance and sharing experiences. However, some challenges persist for scaling NbS, including the delay before getting benefits, the other interacting local issues, the necessity to deal with uncertainty, and financial barriers. Disseminating NbS, both successful and unsuccessful, recognising their role in multifunctional landscape management, and designing new research protocols can foster their adoption
7
Thetsidaeng, Chotima. "User-generated content and Copyright Dilemma in Web 2.0 Era : Should the Specific Exception be introduced in The EU?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385452.
Анотація:
It is undeniable that internet nowadays is part of our life and community. Internet opens door for expression of ideas and opinions which can both be given and taken freely. Moreover, with the rise of the new internet model, Web 2.0, the platform becomes wider and more interactive which has an effect on the copyright aspect all over the world. User-generated content was soon born as a result of Web 2.0 and caused unsolvable legal issues in the copyright regime due to its transformative nature which acts in contrary to the exclusive right of the author. This thesis paper seeks the best solutions for the complicated nature of user-generated content in online platform which has been causing legal tension in copyright law for quite some time. The paper will focus mainly in the scope of EU copyright law as well as Thai copyright law. The Canadian new specific exception for user-generated content and its semi-open “fair dealing” exception will be discussed as a possible approach to the solution. Moreover, Human rights aspect in scope of freedom of expression will be analyzed in order to find the balance between the copyright and human rights in the most effective way to serve the core purpose of copyright law.
8
Mandal, Arindam. "Transformation sharing strategies for MLLR speaker adaptation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6087.
9
Boubakri, Hasna. "Adaptation bactérienne à un composé xénobiotique, le lindane." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10017.
Анотація:
L'introduction des composés xénobiotiques confronte les bactéries à de nouveaux environnements. Leur dégradation implique le déroulement de stratégies adaptatives conduisant à la mise en place de nouvelles voies et de nouveaux gènes cataboliques. Cette stratégie peut résulter d'un remodelage interne des séquences d'ADN déjà présentes dans le génome des bactéries mais aussi de leur récupération par des transferts horizontaux auprès d'autres organismes bactériens. L'étude génétique d'une bactérie (Sphingobium) capable de dégrader le lindane a révèlé la remarquable plasticité de son génome (mouvements d'IS, réarrangements génomiques) dans la mise en place de la voie de dégradation. En parallèle, une approche bioinformatique et moléculaire nous aussi permis d'explorer les ressources génétiques présents dans le métagénome (ADN de l'environnement) afin de comprendre l'origine moléculaire d'un gène potentiellement nouveau (linA). Des fragments de gènes putatifs ont été identifiés et ont été intégrés dans une évolution in vitro (Shuffling) du gène
10
Dada, Rehana. "Transformation adaptation: developing a framework for donor organisation support of climate change adaptation in resource poor communities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4158.
Анотація:
Poor communities already face severe challenges in meeting their basic needs, whether because of poor income opportunities, inadequate service delivery, or degraded ecosystems that can no longer support the needs of people. Non profit organisations who provide support for development are also challenged by financial restrictions and social and political structures that prevent or limit project development. Climate change is understood to have the most severe impact on the most vulnerable communities and sectors of communities by reducing the availability and accessibility of basic resources such as water, food and energy, impacting severely on human health and wellbeing, and further reducing the capacity of ecosystems to support livelihoods. This will add a layer of significant new complications to the ability of poor communities to maintain or improve standards of living, and further challenge non profit organisations that support such communitiesAnticipatory adaptation to climate change can reduce some of the impacts of climate change, and also address some key development stresses. This thesis aims to provide a framework that is relevant for supporting adaptation to climate change within the context of resource poor communities in a developing country. Non profit organisations and donor agencies could support success and autonomy in adaptation processes by making provision for locally defined understanding of adaptation, and locally determined processes and programmes. This can be taken further into implementation of programming that addresses local short term development priorities alongside, or as part of long term adaptation work. The research followed a number of steps involving a multitude of techniques including literature review, interviews, a survey, consultation with an expert group, further consultation with stakeholders, and a final electronic review. Its outcome is a strategy that can be used to support climate change adaptation in resource poor communities. A definition for adaptation is proposed as an interpretation of adaptation that is relevant in this context. The intended end goal of adaptation as defined in this research is a better form of development that : supports a harmonious and respectful relationship between humans and their natural resource base; averts further destructive global change or at the very least prevents it from becoming unmanageable; and manages the impacts of past and ongoing destructive change so that there is lowest possible loss of natural, human, or cultural resources. The term transformative adaptation emerged from the research processes to describe adaptation to climate change that concurrently addresses development challenges, is grounded in community development aspirations, integrates programming work across multiple thematic areas and approaches, and addresses the causes of climate change within adaptation interventions. The following broad guidelines are used to inform programming within the framework of transformative adaptation : Human communities are faced with an enormous challenge resulting from global change and sociopolitical injustices; Well planned anticipatory adaptation can limit exposure and vulnerability to at least some of the projected impacts of climate change; Adaptation to climate change incorporates a reduction of vulnerability to underlying development stresses, alongside a reduction of vulnerability to specific climate change stresses; Existing development work forms the foundation for adaptation interventions, acknowledging the interdependence of social, natural and economic systems and the need to maintain their health; Adaptation decision making is community based, and acknowledges that resource poor communities are best placed to establish their own development needs, drive implementation of interventions in own spaces, and identify own limits to adaptation; Adaptation work incorporates mitigation objectives so that the causes of climate change are addressed as part of the strategy for coping with climate change; Adaptation programming acknowledges the strong interlinkages between, and integrates work across, the thematic areas of water security, food sovereignty, energy security, land security, human wellbeing and livelihood diversity; Adaptation uses a broad set of approaches that spans research, knowledge sharing, advocacy, and investment in technology and infrastructure; There is flexibility in project design and implementation to allow room for experimentation with new concepts, and also to change design as knowledge, understanding, and geophysical, biophysical and sociopolitical conditions change.
11
Eisenbarth, Thomas [Verfasser], and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauer. "Semantic Process Models: Transformation, Adaptation, Resource Consideration / Thomas Eisenbarth. Betreuer: Bernhard Bauer." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1077703414/34.
12
Kang, Min Jay. "Urban transformation and adaptation in Bangka, Taipei : marginalization of a historical core /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10798.
13
Lévesque-Gravel, Anick. "Adaptation de la formule de Schwarz-Christoffel aux domaines multiplement connexes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26169.
Анотація:
Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2015-2016La formule de Schwarz–Christoffel permet de trouver une transformation conforme entre un domaine polygonal et un disque. Par contre, cette formule ne s’applique qu’aux domaines simplement connexes. Récemment, Darren Crowdy a obtenu une généralisation de cette formule pour les domaines multiplement connexes. Celle-ci envoie des domaines circulaires sur des domaines polygonaux. Ce mémoire vise à faire la démonstration de la formule développée par Crowdy. Pour ce faire, il faudra définir la fonction de Schottky–Klein ainsi que la fonction de Green modifiée. Il faudra aussi introduire les domaines canoniques.
14
Petersen, Hans-Georg. "Transformation process after five years: behavioral adaptation and institutional change : the polish case." Universität Potsdam, 1995. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1608/.
Анотація:
Contents:
- Monetary Stabilization and Budgetary Reforms
- Restructuring the Tax System
- Privatization
- The Open Gap: Transfers
- Social Reform: Acceptance and Feasibility
- Some Public Choice Remarks
15
Clement, Viviane. "From Adaptation to Transformation| A Resilience Perspective on Organizational Responses to Ecological Adversity." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10619173.
Анотація:
How do firms adapt to the intensity of adverse conditions stemming from the natural environment (ecological adversity intensity)? In this dissertation, I develop several lines of inquiry in exploring this question. First, I seek to contribute to generally diverging perspectives on organizational adaptation, which view firms as either inherently constrained or capable of continuous adaptation to fit their environment. To do this, I examine the conditions under which firms are more likely to adapt to different levels of ecological adversity intensity. My findings from a 13-year longitudinal analysis of western U.S. ski resorts’ adaptation to temperature conditions indicate that firms facing moderate ecological adversity intensity appear more likely to engage in higher adaptation levels while those experiencing low and high ecological adversity intensity show a tendency for lower adaptation levels. That is, both diverging perspectives may predict part of firms’ adaptive responses to ecological adversity intensity. My findings also suggest firms may encounter limits to adaptation when facing increasing ecological adversity intensity. I also undertake a post hoc exploration of firm and institutional environment level factors that may moderate the relationship between ecological adversity intensity and firm adaptation. Second, I use an interdisciplinary approach that draws from resilience theory in socioecology to suggest that the existing conceptualization of organizational resilience could be expanded to include transformative change, which may allow firms to mitigate the operational impacts of reaching adaptation limits. Third, I also consider the resilience implications of the interdependency between firms and the broader ecosystems in which they operate. I conclude with potential avenues for future research in this area.
16
Basupi, Lenyeletse Vincent. "Pastoralism and land tenure transformation : policy implications and livelihoods adaptations in Botswana." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20808/.
Анотація:
In dryland Africa, access to land and water resources are central to pastoral livelihood activities and sustainability. Policy intervention in these regions represents the outcome of concerted post-independence processes in which countries have committed to land tenure transformation as a policy objective. This was meant to create private, liberal property rights to replace communal customary tenure systems which were considered to be a constraint to development. Despite these efforts, decades of research indicate that countries are struggling to meet environmental sustainability objectives. In Ngamiland District of Botswana, communal pastoral herders find themselves in a situation where they are now surrounded by privatised ranches, veterinary fences and wildlife conservation areas. Their resilience to environmental-related threats such as drought and livestock diseases have been significantly weakened. Using iterative participatory research methods, this thesis examined the social and spatial impacts of rangeland subdivisions and privatisation policies in Ngamiland District to inform sustainable pastoralism and sustainable land management (SLM) policies in sub-Saharan Africa and pastoral drylands. Results point to continued landscape fragmentations, land use conflicts and increase in outbreaks of livestock diseases that have resulted in pastoralists’ marginalisation and vulnerability. Fragmented institutional and policy frameworks, weak governance structures and a lack of political will to build capacity at the local level limit pastoralists’ adaptations and SLM adoption. Protecting pastoral land rights and livelihoods requires establishing negotiated and flexible tenure frameworks that strengthen pastoralists’ participation in decision-making arenas. The integration of local spatial knowledge and integrative geospatial approaches can be used to foster better articulation and understanding of pastoralists’ tenures for a supportive decision-making system for SLM. As the ability to adapt has positive attributes for livelihood sustainability and resilience, there is a need for practical initiatives that improve pastoralists’ adaptive capacity including access to land and markets. This thesis support and expand on the African Union Policy Framework for Pastoralism of 2010, that call for the involvement of pastoral communities and their local level institutions in policy making and implementation for greater SLM goals.
17
Koop, Julie L. "A new strain of Wolbachia in the harlequin beetle riding pseudoscorpion male killing, reproductive compensation and horizontal gene transfer /." abstract, 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460764.
18
Gosme, Julien. "Méthodes de diffusion dans les plans temps-fréquences et temps-échelle pour l'analyse de signaux non-stationnaires." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0017.
Анотація:
Nos travaux émanent des articles de Perona et Malik en traitement d’images et de leurs extensions actuelles. L’application de ces filtres adaptatifs à base d’équations aux dérivées partielles, appelés schémas de diffusion, au domaine des représentations temps-fréquence de signaux a été proposée pour la première fois par Gonçalvès et Payot dans le but d’améliorer la lisibilité de représentations quadratiques. Ils utilisent des fonctions dites de conductance pour adapter localement l’intensité du lissage à la zone temps-fréquence traitée. Dans notre travail, nous démontrons la grande souplesse de cette famille de techniques et proposons de nouveaux schémas de diffusion permettant de contrôler, non seulement l’intensité du lissage, mais également l’orientation locale de celui-ci. Nous tirons parti de cette technique pour traiter les représentations des classes de Cohen et affine, et étudions les conditions sous lesquelles les propriétés de covariance associées sont préservées. Pour la classe de Cohen, cette nouvelle approche s’avère plus générale que celle proposée par Baraniuk car l’adaptation intervient ici conjointement en temps et en fréquence. Pour la classe affine, il s’agit d’une avancée d’autant plus intéressante qu’à notre connaissance, aucune autre méthode de lissage adaptée n’a été encore proposée. Enfin, nous envisageons des schémas de diffusion inverse menant à une reconcentration des termes signalThis work steams from the proposition of Perona and Malik in image processing and its subsequent refinements. Applications of such partial derivative equation filtering, named diffusion process, to time-frequency representations has been proposed by Gonçalvès and Payot in order to improve readability of bilinear representations. They proposed the use of conductance functions to enable a local tuning of the filter. In our work, we demonstrate the versatility of these techniques and propose new schemes that act on both the local intensity and the orientation of the process. We leverage this technique to representations from the Cohen class and also the affine class. We study conditions guarantying the preservation of covariance properties. For Cohen class, this is more general than Baraniuk’s approach, as it is jointly adapted in time and frequency. For the affine class, this is an interesting scheme, as up to our present knowledge, no other signal adapted filtering scheme has been proposed. Finally, we propose backward diffusion schemes which yield increased concentration of signal terms
19
Mautalent, Reboul Isabelle. "Le Droit privé jersiais, transformation et adaptation de son contenu originel au monde contemporain." Caen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CAEN0036.
Анотація:
Le droit prive jersiais contemporain,qui frappe par son caractere extremement polymorphe, consiste en une 'common law', c'est a dire en un corps de regles judiciaires basees sur un vieux fonds coutumier, en l'occurence normand, aux cotes de laquelle s'est developpe un important volume de droit legifere. Cet etat du droit est le fruit d'une longue histoire, singuliere et parfaitement originale, intimementliee a celle de la normandie. En faisant le choix en 1204, de demeurer soumis a l'autorite du roi d'angleterre en qui ils voyaient leur duc, les jersiais n'entendirent pas cependant faire fi de leur identite normande deja riche et rompre avec leurs habitudes juridiques et coutumieres. C'est comme un ultime heritage du continent qu'ils recurent le texte du grand coutumier de normandie redige vers 1240, heritage dont ils firent non seulement le fondement de l'autonomie judiciaire et administrative dont jersey jouit encore de nos jours mais egalement la source de leur droit prive coutumier. L'archipel anglo-normand a toujours ete considere par les specialistes du droit normand comme le conservatoire du patrimoine juridique de la normandie et ce travail a pour objet de mesurer, a jersey, ce qu'il en est encore aujourd'hui. Il tente d'etablir comment, au moyen d'une importante tradition jurisprudentielle, elle-meme au service d'un inconstestable pragmatisme juridique, la coutume de normandie est parvenue a exercer durablement une influence sur le droit prive jersiais, bien que ce dernier ait ete progressivement contraint d'abandonner tout ce qui etait caracteristique d'un droit dont l'unique preoccupation fut d'assrer la conservation et la transmission des propres. Souligner la specificite du droit prive jersiais, c'est egalement s'interroger sur la facon d'administrer une diference que seule la memoire saura sauvegarderThe modern civil law of jersey whose polymorphic character is a striking feature, consists in a 'common law', i. E a body of judicial rules founded on an old customary law besides which an important volume of legislated law has developed. This state of the law of jersey is the fruit of a long history, both singular and perfectly original and yet closely linked to that of normandy. In 1204 by making the choice remaining obedient to the king of england whom they beheld as their duke, the people of jersey did not intend to deny their already rich norman identity and part with their judicial and customary habits. They received the text of the 'grand coutumier de normandie' written c. 1240 as an ultimate heritage from the continent, an heritage out of wich not only did they lay the foundations of the judicial and administrative autonoly wich jersey still enjoys but also the origin of their customary civl law. The channel islands have always been considered the repository of the judicial heritage of normandy and the aim of this thesis is to see how it still materialises in jersey nowadays. It tries to establish how. Trough an important jurisprudencial tradition wich itself serves indisputable pragmatism, the common law of normandy has managed to durable influence the modern civl law of jersey though the latter has progressively been forced to abandon all that characterised a law whose unique object was to secure the conservation and transmission of real estates. Underlining the specificity of the civil law of jersey means qustioning the way of implementing a difference that memory only will be able to save
20
Billard, Melany. "Les œuvres transformatives à l'épreuve du droit d'auteur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38250.
Анотація:
Les œuvres transformatives sont celles qui empruntent à une œuvre première et apportent à leur tour une création originale lui conférant une protection par le droit d’auteur. Elles évoquent une adaptation au cinéma, une compilation de musique, une traduction d’un livre... Puis s’est développé le web 2.0, offrant de nouveaux de moyens de création, de communication. Les pratiques transformatives se sont alors diversifiées, multipliées : on parle dorénavant de remix, de mash-up, de sampling. Le régime propre aux œuvres transformatives se complexifie, pour deux raisons principales. Tout d’abord, de nouveaux acteurs, tels que les utilisateurs et les intermédiaires, doivent être pris en compte par la loi. L’œuvre composite a été défini par la loi de 1957 dans un contexte où l’emprunt créatif était principalement réservé aux professionnels. Ce n’est plus le cas aujourd’hui, chacun est libre de reprendre, transformer puis partager des contenus sur internet. On parle de « créations-amateurs ». Ensuite, les œuvres transformatives représentent, depuis longtemps, un lieu de conflit de droit. D’un côté, le droit exclusif détenu par l’auteur de l’œuvre première, de l’autre, la protection de l’œuvre composite par le droit d’auteur, justifiée au nom de la liberté d’expression. Le juge s’efforce donc de trouver un juste équilibre entre droit d’auteur et liberté d’expression, notamment par le mécanisme des exceptions. Seulement, la révolution numérique a rendu les contours de ces exceptions floues, si bien que le régime ne semble plus adapté aux créations numériques. Doit-on adapter les dispositions actuelles aux nouvelles pratiques transformatives ? Doit-on consacrer une nouvelle exception, en s’inspirant des enseignements du droit comparé ? La question de la réception des œuvres transformatives mérite alors d’être éclairée, en raison de la dimension mondiale du phénomène largement favorisée par le numérique, reflétant ainsi une problématique générale à laquelle est confrontée aujourd’hui le droit d’auteur.
21
Nieuwoudt, Christoph. "Cross-language acoustic adaptation for automatic speech recognition." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01062005-071829.
22
Simpson, Heather Jayne. "Transformation through adaptation : a grounded theory of the patient experience of Alcohol-Related Brain Damage." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15671.
Анотація:
Background: Alcohol Related Brain Damage (ARBD) is an umbrella term used to describe the range of effects that long-term consumption of alcohol can have on the structure and function of the brain. Despite the increasing prevalence of ARBD, there is a lack of research in this area, and as a result, there are no current guidelines and few services available for the treatment of this condition. There is therefore a need to increase the evidence base in this area, which will assist in the understanding, and ultimately treatment, of ARBD. Aims: This thesis consists of two parts. The first is a systematic review journal article which asks the question: “What is the impact of alcohol-abuse on memory function within the first three weeks of alcohol withdrawal?” The second part is a qualitative research project which aims to develop a grounded theory regarding the patient experience of ARBD, identifying and highlighting themes and concepts that are central to the experience. Methods: For the systematic review, four databases were searched. Studies that were included in the review had to have participants with alcohol-dependence; abstinence of less than or equal to three weeks; and to have undergone some form of neuropsychological assessment of memory function. Data from 15 articles were extracted and assessed for quality. For the qualitative study, participants (n=10) were interviewed regarding their experiences of ARBD and the data was then analysed using grounded theory methodology. Results: The results of the systematic review were somewhat ambiguous with some studies reporting impairments in verbal and visual memory, while other studies found no impairments. Episodic memory deficits were present in all studies reviewed. The results of the qualitative study propose a tentative model which describes “transformation through adaptation”. This model hypothesises that successful negotiation of the journey through ARBD hinges on the adaptations that need to be made in order to progress towards transformation. The model is understood in the framework of a number of phases, “Being diagnosed with ARBD, “Focusing on abstinence”, “Taking ownership of life with ARBD” and “Creating a valuable life”, all of which exist within a framework of being supported by specialist services. Conclusions and implications: The systematic review demonstrated some support for deficits in visual and episodic memory within the first three weeks of abstinence, while it appeared that verbal memory was relatively preserved. The heterogeneity of the studies, coupled with the methodological variability, meant that all conclusions need to be considered as tentative, and be interpreted with caution. The main difficulties with interpretation were to do with the confounding factors often found within this client group. The results reinforce the concept of tailored treatment programmes for individuals due to the large variability of the effect of alcohol (and other factors). The qualitative study proposes a model that shows how adaptation appears to play a key role in the successful negotiation of a diagnosis of ARBD. The study describes a series of categories that can be used as a framework to identify and support the changes that are necessary for recovery and reintegration. The value in this study is that the results are directly attributable to individuals who have been diagnosed, and are now successfully living, with ARBD.
23
Hénon, Florence. "La transformation télévisuelle des nouvelles de Maupassant : l'ami Maupassant." Metz, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997METZ022L.
24
Azizi, Meriam. "Le faire transformatif dans trois adaptations de La Recherche de Marcel Proust : analyse contrastive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0274.
Анотація:
Le présent travail porte sur les transformations inhérentes au passage du médium littéraire au médium cinématographique. Pour étudier cette question, un corpus double a été analysé, consituté d’un côté, de trois textes tirés de La Recherche de Marcel Proust et de l’autre de leurs adaptations filmiques respectives à savoir Un Amour de Swann de Volker Schlöndorff, Le Temps retrouvé de Raoul Ruiz et La Captive de Chantal Akerman pour La Prisonnière. Grâce à ce corpus, il nous a été possible de déterminer les types des transformations en jeu ainsi que les stratégies mises en œuvre et les mécanismes sous-jacents à celles-ci. De ce point de vue, la pratique de la transposition n’est plus affaire de fidélité ou d’infidélité mais la traduction d’une dynamique transtextuelle qui donne lieu à trois rapports intersémiotiques que sont la résistance, le détour et l’extension. De là, transposition filmique devient un langage et l’adaptation un genre de discoursThis work relates to the inherent transformations to the transition from literary medium to cinematografic one.To study this issue, a double corpus was analysed, formed on one side of three textes taken from remembrance of the things past, on another side their respective film adaptations namely Swann in love of Volker Schlöndorff, The Time regained of Raoul Ruiz and The Captive of Chantal Akerman. Using this corpus, we were able determine the types of processing involved as well as the implemented strategies and the mecanisms underlying those latter. From this point of view, the practice of transposition is no longer matter of fidelity but a transtextuel dynamics that results in three inter semiotic links wich are resistance, deviation and extension. Thus filmic transposition becomes a language and the adaptation a kind of speech
25
Azizi, Meriam. "Le faire transformatif dans trois adaptations de La Recherche de Marcel Proust : analyse contrastive." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0274.
Анотація:
Le présent travail porte sur les transformations inhérentes au passage du médium littéraire au médium cinématographique. Pour étudier cette question, un corpus double a été analysé, consituté d’un côté, de trois textes tirés de La Recherche de Marcel Proust et de l’autre de leurs adaptations filmiques respectives à savoir Un Amour de Swann de Volker Schlöndorff, Le Temps retrouvé de Raoul Ruiz et La Captive de Chantal Akerman pour La Prisonnière. Grâce à ce corpus, il nous a été possible de déterminer les types des transformations en jeu ainsi que les stratégies mises en œuvre et les mécanismes sous-jacents à celles-ci. De ce point de vue, la pratique de la transposition n’est plus affaire de fidélité ou d’infidélité mais la traduction d’une dynamique transtextuelle qui donne lieu à trois rapports intersémiotiques que sont la résistance, le détour et l’extension. De là, transposition filmique devient un langage et l’adaptation un genre de discoursThis work relates to the inherent transformations to the transition from literary medium to cinematografic one.To study this issue, a double corpus was analysed, formed on one side of three textes taken from remembrance of the things past, on another side their respective film adaptations namely Swann in love of Volker Schlöndorff, The Time regained of Raoul Ruiz and The Captive of Chantal Akerman. Using this corpus, we were able determine the types of processing involved as well as the implemented strategies and the mecanisms underlying those latter. From this point of view, the practice of transposition is no longer matter of fidelity but a transtextuel dynamics that results in three inter semiotic links wich are resistance, deviation and extension. Thus filmic transposition becomes a language and the adaptation a kind of speech
26
Yilmaz, Didem Gunes. "Adaptation to rural transformation : a place-based investigation into post-earthquake permanent housing projects in Eastern Turkey." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676505.
Анотація:
This doctoral study seeks the answer to the question of 'How has the implementations of post-earthquake reconstruction affected rural communities and changed the built environment of rural eastern Turkey?' with reference to the socio-economic and physical vulnerability of rural population in the Eastern Anatolian Region. The region has the highest risk of earthquake exposure in the country and the past experiences showed that rural people in the region lack of capacity to cope with the impacts of earthquakes. In consideration of the vulnerable built environment of rural settlements in the region, the state implements housing projects seismic-resistant. However, the projects are standardised and after the delivery of houses, no evaluation is conducted by authorities in terms of learning to what extent people are satisfied and how they recover overall in time. In this regard, this study attempts to address this gap and evaluates housing projects and beneficiaries' recovery in a time frame from 1992 to 2012. The projects in Erzincan, Erzurum and Van are the case studies in the study region. The data collection consists of 240 questionnaires and 35 interviews conducted with the beneficiaries. A number of demographic, socio-economic and physical indicators are examined through statistical analyses and the interviews are used for verbatim quotations. According to the results, the beneficiaries are overall highly satisfied with the houses. The strength of satisfaction was measured at the highest for the dwellers in Van and at the lowest for the dwellers in Erzincan, which can be linked to the variety of the house plans implemented in Van. The repayment model of house-loan is inappropriate for beneficiaries since most do not have regular income, as the interviewees emphasised. With regard to livelihood, the rural people in the region are becoming less agriculture-dependent and more interested in jobs with regular income and insurance
27
Persson, Maja. "Svartsjuka i transformation : En komparativ undersökning av William Shakespeares drama Othello och den moderna filmatiseringen Othello (1995)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-146452.
28
Auld, Glenn. "The literacy practices of Kunibídji children : Text, technology and transformation." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2005. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/69512.
Анотація:
Members of the Kunibídji community are the traditional owners of the lands and seas around Maningrida, a remote community in Arnhem Land in Northern Australia. Kunibídji children speak Ndjébbana as their first language and learn to speak English as a third or fourth language at school. Underpinning this study is a belief that the children have the right to speak their own language and access texts in their own language at home. [...] This study investigated the literacy practices that approximately fifty Kunibídji children enacted in the literacy events with the Ndjébbana talking books. [...] This study found that Kunibídji children had a desire to access the Ndjébbana talking books, a will to participate in the literacy events and the capacity to be critical about these literacy events at home.Doctor of Philosophy
29
Pieri, Zacharias Peter. "The contentious politics of socio-political engagement : the transformation of the Tablighi Jamaat in London." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3743.
Анотація:
The thesis examines the extent to which the Tablighi Jamaat (TJ) as an Islamic, theocratic and social movement has negotiated and adapted to the British context, especially London in the post 7/7 period. TJ is the largest Islamic movement in the word and is characterised as an isolationist, disengaged, salvation oriented, apolitical organisation. The London branch of TJ has ambitions to construct a headquarter mosque in London – a project facing opposition across a spectrum of British society, and brandished as the “mega mosque”. As a means of ensuring the success of their project, London TJ leaders have embarked on a process of socio-political engagement aiming to demonstrate that the movement has changed its modes of operation, and trying to curtail allegations of radicalisation, after reports of terrorists passing through TJ mosques. Extensive observation research and interviews with TJ leaders, grassroots members and others involved in the on going contestation of the project, explain the adoption of the new strategy from the perspective of an elite and instrumentally aware leadership. In essence how the new strategy has been justified and re-framed, making it acceptable to a wider audience. The Public Inquiry over Enforcement Action of TJ’s mosque in Newham allowed for both TJ and opponents to highlight wider issues surrounding TJ and its stance towards engagement and commitment to community cohesion. Engagement may have initially been a tick-box exercise for London TJ leaders, but interacting with the wider community has had a transformative effect. TJ Leaders in London have emerged as a practical minded, demonstrating adaptability to local contexts, ensuring the survival of the movement. The durability of this, given the conservative and revivalist nature of the movement, will be a test of time.
30
Dennis, Evan Marks. "Adaptation to Social Ecological System Shocks| Transformation in San Diego's Water Institutions and Culture between 1990 and 2010." Thesis, Indiana University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10830114.
Анотація:
Between 1990 and 2010 changing perceptions of water-scarcity and evolving adaptation strategies to water stress transformed water management in San Diego, California. This project examines how perceptions of water scarcity affect the programmatic variety, geographic scale, and types of adaptations that are undertaken. It also investigates whether a cultural consensus developed within San Diego County as a whole about what causes particular water problems. Lastly, the research shows how adaptation responses to the collective action problem of water provisioning contributed to resolving the other collective action problems of wastewater production and water conservation. The project presents San Diego as an example of polycentric governance arrangements that were adaptive to the challenges of a changing social-ecological system.
31
Geryville, Mohammed Hichem. "Une architecture d'échange et de partage d'information produit : transformation et adaptation des connaissances dans un contexte d'entreprise étendue." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/geryville_mh.
Анотація:
L'intensification de la concurrence et, parallèlement, l'évolution des technologies ont aboutit à une complexification sans précédent de la conception, du développement et du lancement des produits. Les entreprises n'ont donc d'autre choix que de se concentrer sur leurs compétences clés, et de se tourner vers la sous-traitance des expertises complémentaires requises pour soutenir l'innovation et la réactivité exigées par les clients. En conséquence, le produit et son développement ne sont plus l'œuvre d'une seule équipe ou d'une seule entreprise, mais résultent d'un travail d'équipe pluridisciplinaire coordonné autour des objectifs de la réalisation de ce produit. Ainsi, une collaboration pluridisciplinaire bien structurée et évoluant dans une intégration de cycle de vie du produit et de la chaîne logistique, répondra au mieux à cette problématique. Dans ce contexte, un nombre très important d'informations sont utilisées et manipulées. L'exploitation de ces informations pose des problèmes de capture, d'échange et de partage entre des systèmes hétérogènes. De nombreux systèmes sont ainsi proposés pour répondre à ces problèmes. Cependant, la pluridisciplinarité des acteurs et la multiplicité des points de vue qu'ils portent sur le produit ne sont pas prises en considération dans ces solutions. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à définir une démarche méthodologique et applicative pour répondre à : "Comment doit-on capturer et capitaliser les intérêts, les objectifs et les connaissances des acteurs pluridisciplinaires, pour améliorer et rendre plus pertinent l'échange, le partage et la restitution d'informations plus adéquates ?". Ces éléments permettent la formalisation des points de vue des acteurs pour capturer, adapter et transformer les informations les plus pertinentes d'un acteur à un autre. Ainsi, l'intégration des points de vue d'acteurs permettra une modélisation plus efficace, et une meilleure communication entre acteurs pluridisciplinairesThe rough increase of competition and the technology evolution make more complex the design, the development and the launching of the products. Nowadays, the companies must focus on their own competencies, and outsource the complementary expertise needed for supporting the product innovation, which is required by the clients. Therefore, the product and its development are not related to one team or one company, but result from a multidisciplinary teamwork. Thus, a well structured multidisciplinary collaboration which evolve in the product lifecycle and supply chain integration, will answer these problems. In this context, a significant information set is created and used. The exploitation of this information generates communication problems related to the capturing, exchange and sharing between heterogeneous systems. Many systems are thus realized to answer these problems. However, the multidisciplinarity of the actors and the multiplicity of their viewpoints which they carry on the product are not taken into account in these solutions. The objective of this thesis work is to define a methodological and implemental approach which answers to the following problematic: “How can we do to capture and capitalize the interests, the objectives and the knowledge of the multidisciplinary actors? And how can we improve and make more relevant the exchange and the sharing of most adequate information?”. Those elements enable formalization of the various actors’ viewpoints, by capturing, adapting and transforming the most relevant information from an actor to another one. Thus, the integration from the actors' viewpoints will allow a more effective modeling of the products and processes, and a better communication between the multidisciplinary actors
32
Geryville, Mohammed Hichem Bouras Abdelaziz Nikolaos Sapidis. "Une architecture d'échange et de partage d'information produit transformation et adaptation des connaissances dans un contexte d'entreprise étendue /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2008/geryville_mh.
Анотація:
Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Informatique : Lyon 2 : 2008. Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Informatique : Université de l'Egée : 2008.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.
33
Husseini, Hassan Al. "Adaptation de la méthode de corrélation d'images numériques pour la gestion des discontinuités du milieu et de la transformation." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2270/document.
Анотація:
Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire consiste à adapter la méthode de corrélation d'images numériques (CIN) pour la gestion des discontinuités du milieu et de la transformation. Le cadre d'utilisation des méthodes optiques de mesure i.e. celui de la mécanique des milieux continus, impose une continuité matérielle : i) du domaine et ii) de la transformation. Pour traiter les discontinuités en question, on peut reconsidérer la continuité (milieu et transformation) par morceaux. Dans le cadre de la CIN, cela se traduit par la possibilité d'adapter localement la forme et la taille des fenêtres de corrélation à la zone d'intérêt et à sa cinématique. Pour ce faire, il est possible d'utiliser des masques : un masque-objet pour traiter les discontinuités du milieu et un masque-discontinuité pour traiter les discontinuités de la transformation. Cependant, avant l'implémentation des masques dans la procédure de corrélation, plusieurs essais expérimentaux de déplacement sur des modèles comportant les deux types de discontinuité, ont été conduits. Ces essais ont permis de prouver l'influence des discontinuités sur la dégradation de la précision de mesure par CIN. Ensuite, des essais de traction ont été menés sur une éprouvette en polycarbonate conduisant à un mode I d'ouverture ou de fermeture de fissure. Après l'implémentation des masques dans le logiciel de corrélation Correla, le calcul des champs de déplacement et de déformation a été opéré avec succès à la surface de cette éprouvette, démontrant ainsi l'efficacité de la CIN adaptéeThe development of the digital image correlation method (DIC) for the management of discontinuities of the material and the transformation is discussed in this thesis. As we know, the framework for the use of the optical measurement methods i.e. of continuum mechanics requires a continuity of: i) domain and ii) transformation. To treat those discontinuities, we can consider a piecewise continuity (material and transformation). In the case of DIC method, this can be done by adapting locally the shape and size of the correlation subsets to the zone of interest and its kinematics. A novel way to do it, is by using masks: an object mask to process material discontinuities and a discontinuity mask to process transformation discontinuities. However before the implementation of masks in the correlation process, several experimental displacement tests on models reproducing the two types of discontinuity at small scale were performed. Those tests proved the influence of discontinuities on the degradation of the measurement accuracy by DIC. Then, tensile tests were conducted on a polycarbonate made specimen knowing a mode I opening or closing crack. After implementing masks in the correlation software Correla, the calculation of displacement and deformation fields was successfully performed on the surface of this specimen for all its edges, demonstrating the effectiveness of the adapted DIC
34
Xia, Qian, and n/a. "Leveraging Single-User Applications for Multi-User Collaboration." Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070216.093300.
Анотація:
People rely on off-the-shelf commercial single-user software systems in their daily lives and work to perform single-user tasks. People also need groupware systems to perform collaborative or group tasks. The goal of this thesis work is to develop innovative techniques for building computer applications that combine conventional single-user functionalities with advanced collaboration capabilities to effectively support people's individual and group work. This thesis work contributes an innovative Transparent Adaptation (TA) approach and associated supporting techniques that can be used to convert existing or new single-user applications into real-time multi-user collaborative versions without changing their source code. The transparently adapted collaborative systems not only support unconstrained collaboration and other collaboration features that were previously seen only in advanced groupware research prototypes, but also maintain the conventional functionalities and interface features that were previously seen only in commercial off-the-shelf single-user applications. Major technical contributions of the TA approach include techniques for adapting the single-user application programming interface to the data and operation models of the underlying generic collaboration technique and a generic system architecture for collaborative systems. The Operation Transformation (OT) technique has been chosen as the underlying collaboration technique for the TA approach due to its capability of supporting unconstrained collaboration and application independence. This thesis work has also made important contributions to OT by extending OT from supporting only collaborative plain text editing to supporting collaboration on complex data structures and comprehensive functionalities. To support the adaptation of complex data and operation models in a range of applications, this thesis work has contributed a package of advanced adaptation techniques for collaborative table editing and graphic object grouping. These techniques have not only increased the capability of TA, but have also advanced the state-of-the-art of collaborative editing techniques. To facilitate natural and smooth collaboration, this thesis work has contributed a multi-functional workspace awareness framework which is able to reduce the effort for developing workspace awareness features, and to be extended to support new workspace awareness features. Most importantly, this framework is able to deliver correct and precise workspace awareness information in the face of dynamic content and view changes in TA-based systems, which is an innovative feature unavailable in existing techniques. The TA approach and supporting techniques were developed and tested in the process of transparently converting two commercial off-the-shelf single-user applications - Microsoft Word and PowerPoint - into real-time collaborative applications, called CoWord and CoPowerPoint, respectively. CoWord and CoPowerPoint not only retain the functionalities and the 'look-and-feel' of their single-user counterparts, but also provide advanced multi-user collaboration capabilities for supporting multiple interaction paradigms, ranging from concurrent and free interaction to sequential and synchronized interaction, and for supporting detailed workspace awareness, including multi-user tele-pointers and radar views. The TA-based collaborative system architecture and the generic collaboration engine software component developed from this work can be reused in adapting a wide range of single-user applications.
35
Yoshikawa, Akihiro. "Evolutionary relationships of the inter/intraspecific color variations on the pereopods of the intertidal hermit crab Clibanarius Dana, 1852." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253118.
36
Xia, Qian. "Leveraging Single-User Applications for Multi-User Collaboration." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366194.
Анотація:
People rely on off-the-shelf commercial single-user software systems in their daily lives and work to perform single-user tasks. People also need groupware systems to perform collaborative or group tasks. The goal of this thesis work is to develop innovative techniques for building computer applications that combine conventional single-user functionalities with advanced collaboration capabilities to effectively support people's individual and group work. This thesis work contributes an innovative Transparent Adaptation (TA) approach and associated supporting techniques that can be used to convert existing or new single-user applications into real-time multi-user collaborative versions without changing their source code. The transparently adapted collaborative systems not only support unconstrained collaboration and other collaboration features that were previously seen only in advanced groupware research prototypes, but also maintain the conventional functionalities and interface features that were previously seen only in commercial off-the-shelf single-user applications. Major technical contributions of the TA approach include techniques for adapting the single-user application programming interface to the data and operation models of the underlying generic collaboration technique and a generic system architecture for collaborative systems. The Operation Transformation (OT) technique has been chosen as the underlying collaboration technique for the TA approach due to its capability of supporting unconstrained collaboration and application independence. This thesis work has also made important contributions to OT by extending OT from supporting only collaborative plain text editing to supporting collaboration on complex data structures and comprehensive functionalities. To support the adaptation of complex data and operation models in a range of applications, this thesis work has contributed a package of advanced adaptation techniques for collaborative table editing and graphic object grouping. These techniques have not only increased the capability of TA, but have also advanced the state-of-the-art of collaborative editing techniques. To facilitate natural and smooth collaboration, this thesis work has contributed a multi-functional workspace awareness framework which is able to reduce the effort for developing workspace awareness features, and to be extended to support new workspace awareness features. Most importantly, this framework is able to deliver correct and precise workspace awareness information in the face of dynamic content and view changes in TA-based systems, which is an innovative feature unavailable in existing techniques. The TA approach and supporting techniques were developed and tested in the process of transparently converting two commercial off-the-shelf single-user applications - Microsoft Word and PowerPoint - into real-time collaborative applications, called CoWord and CoPowerPoint, respectively. CoWord and CoPowerPoint not only retain the functionalities and the 'look-and-feel' of their single-user counterparts, but also provide advanced multi-user collaboration capabilities for supporting multiple interaction paradigms, ranging from concurrent and free interaction to sequential and synchronized interaction, and for supporting detailed workspace awareness, including multi-user tele-pointers and radar views. The TA-based collaborative system architecture and the generic collaboration engine software component developed from this work can be reused in adapting a wide range of single-user applications.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Information and Communication Technology
Full Text
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Lu, Shenghui. "Du littéraire au cinématographique : transformation et réception du texte par le film." Paris 8, 1995. http://octaviana.fr/document/181459523#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Анотація:
Adaptation| apres balasz, bazin et mitry, une serie de questions theoriques et ou methodologiques se posent encore sur ce phenomene. Qu'est-ce que c'est l'adaptation? quel est son statut theorique? pourquoi la reprend-on comme objet d'analyse? si cette etude s'aventure, en methodologie, dans la reconciliation entre bakhtine et g. Genette par la demarche de m. -ci. Ropars-wuilleumier, elle fait preuve d'eclectisme theorique entre le texte kristevo-barthesien, le lecteur d'u. Eco et la reception de h. R. Jauss a la lumiere des notions de polyphonie et de dialogisme. Quoi, comment, pourquoi : ce raisonnement permet de problematiser le sujet et d'analyser l'adaptation avec un corpus d'enjeu : journal d'un cure de campagne (bernanos et bresson), paulina 1880 (jouve et bertuccelli), le sorgho rouge (mo yan et zhang yimou), macbeth (shakespeare et welles), l'idiot (dostoievski et kurosawa). L'adaptation etant problematisee comme transformation receptionnelle, le passage semiotique opere des changements structurels. Certes, la subjectivite de l'enonciation explique les modifications spatio-temporelles, mais le texte se reconstitue par la cooperation d'un lecteur pluriel convoquant la pragmatique dans le processus paradoxal d'ecriture et de reecriture. La reception chronotopique et socioculturelle s'avere consubstantielle a la translation structurelle operee dans un contexte concret de la production du sens. La notion de fidelite ne va pas de soi, parce que la transformation ne consiste pas a rechercher simplement des equivalences, mais a explorer le texte originel, a relire le texte aux textemes dont le textemere est a definir. Donc, la transformation receptionnelle du texte par le film intervient comme un operateur de dialogues entre les textes, les divers sujets parlants au sein du texte generalAdaptation| after balasz, bazin et mitry, some theoretical and or methodological problems remain yet unresolved about this phenomenon. What is adaptation? what is its theoretical status? why do we take it as an object of analysis? if, in methodology, this study adventures reconciliation between bakhtin and g. Genette through m. -ci. Roparswuilleumier's approach, it shows a theoretical eclectism among the kristevo-barthesian text, u. Eco's reader and h. R. Jauss' reception with the help of the bakhtinian concepts of polyphony and dialogism. What, how, why : this reasoning permits to problematize the subject and to analysize adaptation with a corpus of gamble : diary of a priest of country (bernanos et bresson), paulina 1880 (jouve et bertuccelli), the red sorghum (mo yan et zhang yimou), macbeth (shakespeare et welles), the idiot (dostoievski et kurosawa). L'adaptation being problematized as receptional transformation, the semiotical passage operates structural changes. Certainly, the subjectivity of enunciation explains spatiotemporal modifications, but text can be reconstitued by the collaboration of a plurial reader, who appeals pragmatics in the paradoxical process of writing and rewriting. Chronotopical and sociocultural reception reveals itself consubstantial with structural translation, that is operated in concrete context of discourse. The notion of fidelity is considered as an impasse, because transformation doesn't consist only in simple researches of equivalences, but also in explorations of the original text, in rereading the text of textemes, of which the mother-text remains to define
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Puech, Mathieu. "Contraintes apportées par la spectroscopie intégrale de champ à la transformation et à l'évolution des galaxies." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077157.
Анотація:
Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la formation et de l'évolution des galaxies. La mise à disposition de la communauté par l'ESO du spectrographe à multi-intégrales de champs FLAMES/GIRAFFE représente une opportunité unique d'étudier la dynamique des galaxies à z<1, et de pouvoir ainsi relier les populations distantes aux populations locales. Nous présentons dans un premier temps les résultats obtenus grâce à cet instrument dans le cadre du temps garanti de l'Observatoire de Paris (GEPI). Ces résultats montrent que la fraction de galaxies n'ayant pas encore atteint leur équilibre dynamique à z~0. 6 est importante. Cette fraction est encore plus importante parmi les galaxies compactes lumineuses (LCGs), ce qui supporte l'hypothèse selon laquelle ces galaxies sont des systèmes en cours de fusion. Jusqu'a présent, l'utilisation de la spectroscopie à fente ne permettait pas de distinguer efficacement les systèmes relaxés des systèmes non relaxés, ce qui explique les désaccords concernant l'évolution de la relation de Tully-Fisher. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse montrent en effet une non évolution de cette relation dans le plan vitesse-masse stellaire. Enfin, GIRAFFE avec son mode IFU montre la pertinence de la cartographie physico-chimique du milieu interstellaire dans la compréhension des mécanismes liés aux processus de formation stellaire dans les galaxies distantes. L’extension des méthodes de spectroscopie intégrale de champ à z<1 requiert d’explorer leur couplage avec des techniques d’optique adaptative. Le projet FALCON (à la fois dédié aux VLT et aux ELTs) propose une nouvelle voie prometteuse dans cette direction en introduisant le concept d’optique adaptative multi-objets (MOAO). Dans ce concept, seules les zones d’intérêt scientifique sont corrigées et analysées, ce qui nécessite le développement de systèmes miniaturisés de correction de front d’onde ainsi que d’ne stratégie de commande originale en boucle ouverteThis thesis focuses on the formation and evolution of galaxies. The new multi-integral field spectrograph FLAMES/GIRAFFE, offered to the community by ESO, is unique in studying the dynamics of galaxies z<1, which can then provide a link between distant and local populations of galaxies. We discuss here the data analysis of intermediate galaxies, obtained using this instrument under the Guaranteed Time Observations for the Paris Observatory (GEPI). The results show that the fraction of galaxies which have not reached their dynamical equilibrium at z~0. 6 important. This fraction is even more important among Luminous Compact Galaxies (LCGs), which supports the hypothesis that these galaxies could be merging systems. The use of slit spectroscopy does not allow to efficiently disentangle relaxed from unrelaxed systems. This explains the disagreement found in the studies on the evolution of the Tully-Fisher relation. The results presented in this thesis show a non-evolution of this relation in the velocity versus stellar mass diagram. Finally, analysing data from GIRAFFE with its IFU mode shows that mapping the physical and chemical properties of the interstellar medium in distant galaxies is useful to understand the mechanisms responsible for the formation in distant galaxies. To extend the integral field spectroscopy to galaxies at higher redshifts, one needs to explore the coupling of this technique with adaptive optics. The FALCON project (dedicated to both VLTs and ELTs) is a new promising way in this direction introducing Multi-object Adaptive Optics (MOAO). In this concept, only the regions of scientific interests are corrected and analyzed instead of the whole field of view. We discuss the development of miniaturized systems to analyse and correct the wavefront as well as an original control and command strategy in open loop
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Greene, Howard L. "Characterization of the light to horizontal cell signal transformation in the tiger salamander retina under varying states of dark adaptation /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487847761308738.
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King, Seiko. "Re-made in Asia : transformation across Asian markets and popular culture." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54738/1/Seiko_King_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
The thesis is an examination of how Japanese popular culture products are remade (rimeiku). Adaptation of manga, anime and television drama, from one format to another, frequently occurs within Japan. The rights to these stories and texts are traded in South Korea and Taiwan. The ‘spin-off’ products form part of the Japanese content industry. When products are distributed and remade across geographical boundaries, they have a multi-dimensional aspect and potentially contribute to an evolving cultural re-engagement between Japan and East Asia.
The case studies are the television dramas Akai Giwaku and Winter Sonata and two manga, Hana yori Dango and Janguru Taitei. Except for the television drama Winter Sonata these texts originated in Japan. Each study shows how remaking occurs across geographical borders.
The study argues that Japan has been slow to recognise the value of its popular culture through regional and international media trade. Japan is now taking steps to remedy this strategic shortfall to enable the long-term viability of the Japanese content industry. The study includes an examination of how remaking raises legal issues in the appropriation of media content. Unauthorised copying and piracy contributes to loss of financial value.
To place the three Japanese cultural products into a historical context, the thesis includes an overview of Japanese copying culture from its early origins through to the present day. The thesis also discusses the Meiji restoration and the post-World War II restructuring that resulted in Japan becoming a regional media powerhouse.
The localisation of Japanese media content in South Korea and Taiwan also brings with it significant cultural influences, which may be regarded as contributing to a better understanding of East Asian society in line with the idea of regional ‘harmony’. The study argues that the commercial success of Japanese products beyond Japan is governed by perceptions of the quality of the story and by the cultural frames of the target audience. The thesis draws on audience research to illustrate the loss or reinforcement of national identity as a consequence of cross-cultural trade. The thesis also examines the contribution to Japanese ‘soft power’ (Nye, 2004, p. x). The study concludes with recommendations for the sustainability of the Japanese media industry.
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Akmentina, Lita. "Resilience to Urban Shrinkage in Riga." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232632.
Анотація:
Riga has suffered a population loss of more than 29% between 1990 and 2014 which has led to increasing number of abandoned and degraded buildings in the city and optimization of the network of educational and cultural institutions. These trends are characteristics of urban shrinkage – a complex process affecting Riga for more than two decades and resulting in a pattern of growing, shrinking, and stable districts. A similar pattern has also been identified in other shrinking cities in Europe, but it has not been researched in more detail.
In the given context, this research aims to narrow the knowledge gap on processes occurring in shrinking cities and to provide some understanding of the determinants of these processes on the city and local level through analysis of single embedded case study of Riga. To achieve this aim, resilience is used as an analytical concept. It allows to conceptualize urban shrinkage as a slow-burn (slowly occurring disturbance) and propose three possible responses - adaptation, transformation, and decline. These responses emerge from actions of actors on various spatial scales and lead to different outcomes. It also provides the basis for analyzing the determinants of these responses by conceptualizing them as sources of resilience and suggesting seven different aspects found in literature: leadership, networks, resources, learning, people-place connection, common cause, and system of institutions and governance. Finally, these theoretical assumptions are used to define two main research questions: (1) what are responses to urban shrinkage in Riga? (2) what are sources of resilience to urban shrinkage in Riga?
The need for in-depth research of urban processes led to choosing mixed method strategy for both selecting the embedded units of analysis (districts) in Riga and finding answers to the proposed research questions. Based on combined results of secondary data analysis, controlled expert group discussion, and structured site visits, five districts in Riga were selected – Avoti, Maskavas forštate, Bolderāja, Sarkandaugava, and Ķīpsala. Further data collection and analysis included semi-structured interviews with different actors at the city and district level and document analysis.
The study finds that there are four different responses to urban shrinkage in Riga: mitigation, adaptation, transformation, and possible decline. Mitigation can be identified on city (also national) level and is closely linked with the strategic actions proposed by the local and national government in response to population decline. Adaptation can be observed on the city and local level. It is the dominant response type in Riga emerging from strategic actions and different activities by various actors in response to all of the identified processes associated with urban shrinkage in Riga. Transformation, however, can be found only on local level – district (in one specific case) or unit level. It emerges from activities of mostly non-government actors that are making use of the opportunities provided by urban shrinkage in Riga. Finally, further decline is a potential response in several Riga districts resulting from strategic actions of local municipality and inability of some of the actors to deal with the existing situation.
The analysis of sources of resilience reveals that there are four main determinants of adaptation and transformation – leadership, networks, resources, and learning. Other sources of resilience (people-place connection, common cause, and engaged governance) function as additional drivers or catalysts. All of these sources of resilience can be identified in Riga, but not consistently across all spatial scales and units or actor groups. The main deficiencies are linked with availability of resources (human and financial) among different actor groups, the existing system of governance (involvement of actors in the decision-making process) and leadership (on city level). The study also shows differences related to responses to urban shrinkage and different sources of resilience, especially leadership, learning, and resources.
Overall, the findings support the main theoretical assumptions of the study and allow refining the understanding of responses to urban shrinkage and sources of resilience. The results can be used as the basis for developing an approach for assessment of the level of resilience to urban shrinkage or other slow burns in the urban context.
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Tuvendal, Magnus, and Thomas Elmqvist. "Ecosystem Services Linking Social and Ecological Systems : River Brownification and the Response of Downstream Stakeholders." Stockholms universitet, Systemekologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-80797.
Анотація:
The theoretical framework of ecosystem services and that of resilience thinking are combined in an empiricalcase study of a social-ecological system. In the River Helge å catchment in southern Sweden, a slow increase in dissolved organiccarbon (DOC) results in brownification of the water with consequences on ecosystem services in the lower part of the catchmentof concern by local resource managers. An assessment of ecosystem service delivery was conducted to (1) identify plausibledrivers of brownification in the study site and assess future ecosystem service delivery for stakeholders in downstream areas.An analysis of the perspective of beneficiaries, using qualitative methods, was pursued to (2) evaluate the impacts ofbrownification on downstream stakeholders.
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Mechler, Reinhard, Elisa Calliari, Laurens M. Bouwer, Thomas Schinko, Swenja Surminski, JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer, Jeroen Aerts, et al. "Science for Loss and Damage. Findings and Propositions." Springer, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72026-5_1.
Анотація:
The debate on "Loss and Damage" (L&D) has gained traction over the
last few years. Supported by growing scientific evidence of anthropogenic climate
change amplifying frequency, intensity and duration of climate-related hazards as
well as observed increases in climate-related impacts and risks in many regions, the "Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage" was established in 2013
and further supported through the Paris Agreement in 2015. Despite advances, the debate currently is broad, diffuse and somewhat confusing, while concepts, meth
ods and tools, as well as directions for policy remain vague and often contested.
This book, a joint effort of the Loss and Damage Network - a partnership effort by
scientists and practitioners from around the globe - provides evidence-based insight
into the L&D discourse by highlighting state-of-the-art research conducted across
multiple disciplines, by showcasing applications in practice and by providing insight
into policy contexts and salient policy options. This introductory chapter summarises
key findings of the twenty-two book chapters in terms of five propositions. These
propositions, each building on relevant findings linked to forward-looking sugges
tions for research, policy and practice, reflect the architecture of the book, whose
sections proceed from setting the stage to critical issues, followed by a section on
methods and tools, to chapters that provide geographic perspectives, and finally to a
section that identifies potential policy options. The propositions comprise (1) Risk
management can be an effective entry point for aligning perspectives and debates,
if framed comprehensively, coupled with climate justice considerations and linked
to established risk management and adaptation practice; (2) Attribution science is
advancing rapidly and fundamental to informing actions to minimise, avert, and
address losses and damages; (3) Climate change research, in addition to identifying
physical/hard limits to adaptation, needs to more systematically examine soft limits
to adaptation, for which we find some evidence across several geographies globally;
(4) Climate risk insurance mechanisms can serve the prevention and cure aspects
emphasised in the L&D debate but solidarity and accountability aspects need further
attention, for which we find tentative indication in applications around the world; (5)
Policy deliberations may need to overcome the perception that L&D constitutes a
win-lose negotiation "game" by developing a more inclusive narrative that highlights
collective ambition for tackling risks, mutual benefits and the role of Transformation.
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Nogales, Muriel Rocío. "Social transformation and social innovation in the field of culture: The case of the SMart model and its adaptation across Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454673.
Анотація:
The aim of this thesis is to explore how in a context of economic, political, social and environmental transitions, SMart, a cultural and artistic social enterprise (CASE), has developed a relevant model to contribute to mitigate the structural labor precariousness of artists and creators. We study SMart as a solution emanating from within the cultural sector that is also able to address other challenges related to changing notions of the role and place of artists and creators in society.
Social enterprises emanating from and active in the cultural sector constitute a specific institutional arrangement that offers innovative labor arrangements for cultural workers and artists to fight against precariousness. Social enterprises are embedded in the social and solidarity economy and stand at the crossroads of markets, civil society, and the public, which places them in a critical position: depending on the logic, actors, and contexts at play, social enterprises can ensure to varying degrees the general interest through their social mission, their sustainability via the real participation of all their stakeholders and the carrying out of economic activities that are fully consistent with their mission. It is within this type of sustainability and participation that transformative social innovation can emerge.
Even though they already existed under different forms and names, social enterprises began to be noticed by public administrations in Europe three decades ago and they developed firstly under the auspices of policy-makers as a result of their effectiveness in tackling the needs of disadvantaged groups. More recently, groups of citizens working for the general interest across various activity areas or within transitions-enabling initiatives have also embraced the transformational potential of social enterprises. Culture is one of the activity areas where CASE are appearing despite the difficulty of articulating innovation and culture in a way that facilitates social transformation for all citizens.
The thesis is divided into seven chapters and includes four annexes. The introductory first chapter begins by setting up the context for the research, namely the challenges that 21st century transitions pose for culture and how cultural actors are articulating viable and sustainable responses in response to those challenges. The case study proposed, SMart and its expansion or geographic scaling-up process throughout Europe, is then presented. The five research objectives driving the research and the hypotheses associated to two of them are then described. The methodology used is introduced at this stage although a detailed account of the research design is included in Annex 1.
The next three chapters describe the main notions and theories that frame the research: social enterprise and social innovation (chapter 2); the intricate relationship of social enterprise and (social) innovation with culture and the arts (chapter 3); and the diffusion of (social) innovation, with an emphasis of the adaptation and replication of social enterprises (chapter 4).
Chapter 5 dives into the source or mother social enterprise (SMartbe) at the heart of the expansion process under study. It also summarizes the main stages involved in the launch of the European platform, SMarteu, gathering the various national SMart offices in nine countries. The chapter ends with an evaluation of the scaling up strategy based on the statistical analysis of the data.
Chapter 6 opens with the set of criteria applied to select the three country cases (Austria, Spain and Hungary) and is then divided into the contextual general analysis and the description of the national SMart implementation efforts. The institutional framework analysis in the three countries describes the development of civil society, the third sector and social enterprise as well as the cultural field. Each country analysis ends with some conclusions about the context and the repercussions for the launch of SMart. Then each national SMart experience (SMartat, SMartib, and SMarthu) is described at length emphasizing its history, the functioning and services offered, and reflecting on the lessons learned and prospects for the future.
The last chapter gathers the discussion and main conclusions of the research. The main research objectives and questions are reviewed and discussed and so are the specific lessons learned from the SMart case about the potential of the cultural sector for adapting possible solutions to contexts different to the ones where they originated. Then, some recommendations both for policy-makers at EU and local level and practitioners follow, including for SMart members, umbrella organization in the field of culture and social and solidarity economy organizations. Lastly, a discussion about limitations of the research and possible contributions is offered with a view on suggesting some valuable avenues for future research efforts.El objetivo de esta tesis es explorar cómo en un contexto de transiciones económicas, políticas, sociales y ambientales, SMart, una empresa social cultural y artística (ESCA), ha creado un modelo relevante que contribuye a mitigar la precariedad laboral estructural de artistas y creadores. Se considera SMart como una solución que emana del propio sector cultural con la capacidad de abordar también otros desafíos relacionados con nociones cambiantes sobre el papel y el lugar que deben ocupar artistas y creadores en la sociedad. Las empresas sociales que surgen del sector cultural y desarrollan su actividad en él constituyen una respuesta institucional específica capaz de ofrecer respuestas innovadoras a desafíos laborales a los que se enfrentan los trabajadores de la cultura y artistas a la hora de luchar contra la precariedad. Las empresas sociales encuentran sus raíces en la economía social y solidaria y ocupan un lugar único entre el mercado, la sociedad civil y el sector público, lo que las coloca en una posición crítica: según la lógica, los actores y los contextos en juego, las empresas sociales pueden garantizar el interés general a distintos niveles gracias a su misión social y su sostenibilidad a través de la participación real de todos sus grupos de interés, así como la realización de actividades económicas coherentes con su misión. Es en el ámbito de este tipo de sostenibilidad y participación que surge la innovación social transformadora. Aunque ya existían bajo distintas fórmulas y denominaciones, las empresas sociales comenzaron a recibir apoyo de las administraciones públicas en Europa hace tres décadas, desarrollándose en primer lugar bajo los auspicios de los responsables políticos gracias a su eficacia a la hora de abordar las necesidades de grupos sociales desfavorecidos. Más recientemente, grupos de ciudadanos interesados en promover el interés general en diversas áreas de actividad o en el marco de iniciativas que contribuyen a las transiciones anteriormente mencionadas, también han asumido este potencial de transformación que ofrecen las empresas sociales. La cultura constituye una de estas áreas de actividad y es justo ahí que surgen las ESCA, a pesar de la dificultad de articular innovación y cultura de manera que se genere transformación social extensible a todos los ciudadanos. La tesis se divide en siete capítulos e incluye cuatro anexos. El primer capítulo introductorio comienza por establecer el contexto de la investigación, es decir, los desafíos que las transiciones del siglo XXI suponen para la cultura y cómo los actores culturales están articulando respuestas viables y sostenibles en respuesta a esos desafíos. Paso seguido se presenta el caso de estudio propuesto, SMart y su proceso de expansión geográfica en toda Europa. A continuación, se describen los cinco objetivos de investigación que impulsan el estudio y las hipótesis asociadas a dos de ellos. La metodología utilizada se introduce en este capítulo, aunque se incluye una explicación detallada sobre el diseño de la investigación en el Anexo 1. Los siguientes tres capítulos describen las principales nociones y teorías que enmarcan la investigación: empresa social e innovación social (capítulo 2); la compleja relación entre empresa social e innovación (social) con la cultura y las artes (capítulo 3); y la difusión de la innovación (social), con acento en la adaptación y replicación de las empresas sociales (capítulo 4). El capítulo 5 se adentra en la fuente o empresa social madre (SMartbe) que se encuentra en el centro del proceso de expansión incluido en la investigación. También resume las principales etapas que conforman el lanzamiento de la plataforma europea, SMarteu, que reúne las diversas oficinas nacionales SMart en nueve países. El capítulo finaliza con la evaluación de la estrategia de expansión basada en el análisis estadístico de los datos. El capítulo 6 se abre con la descripción de los criterios aplicados para seleccionar los casos de tres países (Austria, España y Hungría). Después se realiza un análisis general contextual y se describen los procesos nacionales de implementación de SMart. El análisis del marco institucional en los tres países incluye el desarrollo de la sociedad civil, el tercer sector y la empresa social, así como el campo cultural. Cada análisis nacional finaliza con algunas conclusiones sobre el contexto y las repercusiones para el lanzamiento de SMart. Luego, cada experiencia nacional de SMart (SMartat, SMartib y SMarthu) se analiza en detalle enfatizando su historia, el funcionamiento y los servicios ofrecidos, y reflexionando sobre las lecciones aprendidas y las perspectivas para el futuro. El último capítulo ofrece una discusión en relación a las principales conclusiones de la investigación. Para ello, se repasan y discuten los principales objetivos, preguntas e hipótesis de partida así como las lecciones específicas aprendidas del caso SMart sobre el potencial del sector cultural para adaptar posibles soluciones a contextos diferentes a aquellos en los que se originaron. A continuación, se formulan una serie de recomendaciones destinadas a los responsables políticos a nivel europeo y local, así como a profesionales de la propia SMart, de organizaciones paraguas de la cultura y de organizaciones de la economía social y solidaria. Por último, se ofrece una discusión sobre las limitaciones de la investigación realizada y sus posibles contribuciones con el fin de sugerir algunas ideas prometedoras para futuras iniciativas de investigación.
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Johansson, Anna. "Transformativ klimatanpassning inom Sveriges vattenförvaltning : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av styrdokument inom vattenförvaltningen." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-77478.
Анотація:
Denna uppsats behandlar ämnet klimatanpassning inom vattenförvaltningen i Sverige som härleds från Europeiska Unionens ramdirektiv för vatten. Sveriges vattenresursers utsätts för påfrestningar från klimatförändringar. Klimatanpassning behövs därför för att säkra vattenresurserna för nuvarande och kommande generationer och ett stort ansvar kring detta arbete vilar på lokal nivå i samhället. EU:s utvärdering av vattenförvaltningsarbetet konstaterar att det finns förbättringsmöjligheter gällande sociala och organisatoriska aspekterna kring klimatanpassning. Studiens fokus är på dessa aspekter med tillägg att de även är avgörande för att uppnå en transformativ klimatanpassning, den högsta av tre nivåer inom klimatanpassning där samhällsomvandling sker. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar klimatanpassningen på lokal nivå inom vattenförvaltningen i Sverige ur ett transformativt klimatanpassningsperspektiv. Detta undersöks genom att besvara frågeställningarna om vad som driver och begränsar klimatanpassning på lokal nivå inom vattenförvaltningen och hur dessa drivkrafter och begränsningar skulle kunna hanteras för att uppnå en transformativ klimatanpassning. Studien utförs genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av samrådsdokument från de fem vattendistrikten i Sverige. Analysen genomförs med en abduktiv inriktning där kontexten är ur ett klimatanpassnings- och riskperspektiv gentemot klimatförändringarnas påverkan på vattenresurserna. Resultatet visar att faktorer som engagemang, målkonflikter, organisation, ansvarsfördelning, samverkan, ekonomiska- och kompetensmässiga resursbrister, nonchalans, lagstiftning och samordning påverkar lokal klimatanpassning inom vattenförvaltningen. I diskussionen knyts resultatet till tidigare forskning och det teoretiska ramverket för att ge en djupare förståelse för faktorernas innebörd i relation till att uppnå en transformativ klimatanpassning och samt de är begränsande eller drivande. Teoretiska ramverket innehållande flernivåstyrning, miljörättvisa, strategiskt ledarskap och samskapande anknyter till hur drivkrafterna och begränsningarna kan hanteras. Slutsatserna för studien visar att implementering av strategiskt ledarskap och samskapande på lokal nivå inom vattenförvaltningen är ett arbetssätt för att uppnå transformativ klimatanpassning.This paper addresses the topic of climate adaptation within water management in Sweden, based on the European Union's Water Framework Directive. Sweden's water resources being exposed to stress from climate change. Therefore, climate adaptation must be implemented to secure water resources for current and future generations and a great responsibility regarding this work rests at the local level in society. The EU evaluation of water management work notes that there is a need for improvement regarding social and organizational aspects of climate adaptation. The focus of the study is on the aforementioned aspects, additionally these aspects are also crucial for achieving a transformative climate adaptation, the highest of three levels in climate adaptation where social transformation takes place. Thus, the purpose of the study is to investigate what factors affect climate adaptation at the local level in water management in Sweden from a transformative climate adaptation perspective. The purpose is fulfilled by answering the questions about what drives and limits climate adaptation at the local level within water management and how these driving forces and constraints could be managed to achieve transformative climate adaptation. The study is conducted through a qualitative content analysis of consultation documents from the five water districts in Sweden. The analysis is conducted with an abductive approach where the context is from a climate adaptation and risk perspective vis-à-vis the effects of climate change on water resources. The results show that factors such as commitment, target conflicts, organization, division of responsibilities, collaboration, financial and skills shortages, non-balance, legislation and coordination affect local climate adaptation in water management. In the discussion, the result is linked to previous research and the theoretical framework to provide a deeper understanding of the significance of the factors in relation to achieving a transformative climate adaptation and if they act as driving forces or constraints. The theoretical framework consisting of multi-level governance, environmental justice, strategic leadership and co-creation links to how the driving forces and constraints can be managed. The conclusions of the study show that implementation of strategic leadership and collaboration at the local level in water management is a possible way of achieving transformative climate adaptation.
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Haile, Simon, and Ebrima Jabang. "The Meeting of Cultures : Effective Leadership in Multicultural Organisations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85138.
Анотація:
Globalisation has simplified the internationalisation process for companies, and are today not only constrained to multinational companies, as SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) are entering global markets in order to attain a sustainable competitive advantage. As a result, more Swedish SMEs are now operating abroad, and SSA (sub-Saharan Africa) is a region that has shown great potential. SSA has a rapid economic growth and greater political stability, and SMEs that enter SSA has many opportunities to gain as it is a fairly unexplored region with a boosting economy. However, working in SSA would entail that Swedish SMEs and its leaders would encounter different cultures and trying to find a way of coping with the differences successfully. The purposes of this study, is, therefore, to explore what cultural challenges Swedish SME leaders face in SSA, and how they adapt to the cultural challenges. The researchers chose a qualitative research strategy with an abductive approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with eight Swedish SMEs leaders that are currently active in SSA. The respondents hold various leading positions within these companies. Our empirical findings suggest that there are several cultural challenges that Swedish SME leaders face in SSA, such as time perception, gender inequality, collectivistic behaviour and trust issues. However, the existing hierarchical system in SSA was seen as the main challenge as the leaders were used to a flat organisations structure in Sweden, whereas the culture in SSA advocate authoritarianism. The leaders that choose to adapt their leadership style become more controlling, which shown improvement on the employees performance. Our findings also indicate that some of the leaders did want to adapt their leadership style but instead sought to transform the current culture in SSA based on a Swedish Model.
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Rojo, Juan. "URBAN CLIMATE RESILIENCE AND THE PROMISE OF BIG DATA SOLUTIONS : ASSESSING BIG DATA APPLICATION INTO MADRID’S URBAN CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE SCENARIO." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286117.
Анотація:
In the midst of a climate crisis like the one the world is facing right now, it is essential to try to find new tools that allow better decision-making both to mitigate climate change and to adapt to it. To this day, data science has yet to develop the necessary knowledge to tackle climate change, even though there are large databases with climate data available. With the technological revolution that society is experiencing, and the large amounts of data generated every moment, it is inevitable to think that the necessary responses will inevitably require greater collection and use of data, along with the tools, knowledge, and infrastructure needed. Cities, as great centers of knowledge, population density and innovation, must take the lead to promote data science and Big Data and incorporate them into building urban resilience. For the combination to be productive, both concepts must also be understood in a holistic and complemented way, resilience and Big Data. Both dynamic and relatively new concepts must find the point of union and scientists investigating adaptation must reach out to data scientists to find the skills necessary to clean the data as well as organize, analyze and manage it. Pairing Big Data insights with a well-established and localized urban resilience context can reveal deeper understanding of climate vulnerability, leading to the adaptation of better early-warning systems, more rigorous monitoring and evaluation and ultimately more robust adaptation response based on more accurately defined problems. This study analyzes both concepts, fully understanding what Big Data is, and studying urban climate resilience in a specific setting: the city of Madrid. In this way, the results of this study allow the clear identification of the varied applications of Big Data for a given environment of climate change threats, such as heatwaves, loss of biodiversity and flooding, describing their main data sources, methods, and standing criteria. In addition, the major characteristics of the Big Data use process are explained in the decision-making mechanism, describing the barriers and key drivers of data access, assessment, and application. Such considerations include the correct integration of the different stakeholders in the data collection, cleaning and application processes, ethical considerations of privacy, use and ownership, as well as good governance issues such as fostering citizen participation, encouraging innovation and urging the creation of a solid and robust management infrastructure that promotes the proper operation of the data conditions. The use of Big Data can be a fundamental tool for the development of more robust, flexible and reflexive resilience strategies, which keep climate threats projections updated, allowing adaptation measures to be more relevant and suited for a system’s shocks and stresses. This study broadens the knowledge on which are the correct data sources, the relevance of these data on their application in urban climate resilience and specific Big Data considerations for the city of Madrid.
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Säfström, Daniel. "Sensorimotor transformations during grasping movements." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Integrativ medicinsk biologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-781.
Анотація:
‘Sensorimotor transformations’ are processes whereby sensory information is used to generate motor commands. One example is the ‘visuomotor map’ that transforms visual information about objects to motor commands that activates various muscles during grasping movements. In the first study we quantified the relative impact (or ‘weighting’) of visual and haptic information on the sensorimotor transformation and investigated the principles that regulates the weighting process. To do this, we let subjects perform a task in which the object seen (visual object) and the object grasped (haptic object) were physically never the same. When the haptic object became larger or smaller than the visual object, subjects in the following trials automatically adapted their maximum grip aperture (MGA) when reaching for the object. The adaptation process was quicker and relied more on haptic information when the haptic objects increased in size than when they decreased in size. As such, sensory weighting is molded to avoid prehension error. In the second study we investigated the degree to which the visuomotor map could be modified. Normally, the relationship between the visual size of the object (VO) and the MGA can be expressed as a linear relationship, where MGA = a + b * VO. Our results demonstrate that subjects inter- and extrapolate in the visuomotor map (that is, they are reluctant to abandon the linear relationship) and that the offset (a) but not the slope (b) can be modified. In the third study, we investigated how a ‘new’ sensorimotor transformation can be established and modified. We therefore replaced the normal input of visual information about object size with auditory information, where the size of the object was log-linearly related to the frequency of a tone. Learning of an audiomotor map consisted of three distinct phases: during the first stage (~10-15 trials) there were no overt signs of learning. During the second stage there was a period of fast learning where the MGA became scaled to the size of the object until the third stage where the slope was constant. The purpose of the fourth study was to investigate the sensory basis for the aperture adaptation process. To do that, the forces acting between the fingertips and the object was measured as the subjects adapted. Our results indicate that information about when the fingers contacts the object, that is, the ‘timing’ of contact, is likely to be used by the CNS to encode an unexpected object size. Since injuries and disease can affect the sensorimotor transformations that controls the hand, knowledge about how these processes are established and modified may be used to develop techniques for sensory substitution and other rehabilitation strategies.
49
Löf, Annette. "Challenging Adaptability : Analysing the Governance of Reindeer Husbandry in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-87976.
Анотація:
We live in a complex, interconnected and constantly changing world. Human driven global climate change is now a local reality that reinforces the inherent need for adaptability in human systems. Adaptability, the capacity to adapt to disturbance and change and navigate system transformation, can be understood as a function of socio-political interactions. The capacity of governing systems to deal with novel challenges through novel forms of interaction is a key issue in the governance literature, but which is only beginning to be explored. We therefore know little of how global change will impact the local level and how institutions and governing systems will respond. The need for adaptability is likely to be more pronounced for tightly coupled human-environmental systems. Indigenous and natural resource dependent communities in general, and in the Northern hemisphere in particular, are among the most exposed to ongoing and projected climate change. In Sweden, reindeer husbandry is an Indigenous Sami livelihood and extensive land-use practice highly exposed to weather conditions and increasing competition over land and resources. Whereas herders struggle to deal with the challenges that now confront them, the practice is also known as resilient and sustainable, having withstood large-scale social, ecological and economic change before. The aim with this thesis is to explore adaptability from a governancetheoretical perspective in the case of Sami reindeer husbandry in Sweden. The thesis thereby contributes to the emerging literatures on governance and adaptability and addresses empirically identified needs. Theoretically, the thesis draws on Kooiman’s interactive governance framework, which offers a multidimensional approach to governance analysis where structural aspects are addressed through modes (self-, coand hierarchical governing) and intentional aspects through governing elements (images, instruments and action). While conceptually encompassing, the framework has rarely been employed in empirical analyses. In advancing an operationalisation of the framework based on governing orders (operational, institutional and meta-order), the thesis thereby makes a theoretical contribution. Designed as a qualitative case study, the thesis explores how reindeer husbandry is governed and how governing has changed over time (institutional and meta-order); how the governing system restricts or facilitates adaptation and transformation (operational order); and how a governance-theoretical perspective can contribute to our understanding of adaptability. Methods include document analysis, focus groups, interviews and participatory observation. Studies focussing the operational order have been conducted in collaboration with Vilhelmina North reindeer herding community in Västerbotten county, Sweden. The results show that only marginal change has occurred over time and state actors still dominate governing interactions. The governing system is riddled with inconsistencies among governing elements and particularly problematic is the lack of coherence between different meta-order images and between different actors. This gives rise to divergent and conflicting views as to ‘what’ the system of reindeer husbandry is and explains some of the observed governing inaction and limited problem-solving capacity of the governing system. Herders are currently highly restricted in their opportunities for adaptation and transformation and the governing system therefore acts restricting rather than facilitating on adaptability. By adopting a governance-theoretical approach, adaptability as a system quality has been decomposed and challenged and the important role of governing images and power in determining adaptability has been highlighted. It has called attention to questions such as who is forced to adapt, how images and governing interactions are constructed, and how different socio-political actors can exercise influence over the governing system and interactions taking place therein. The thesis calls for more critical and empirical research on adaptability and argues that future studies need to situate and balance adaptability against other fundamental values and rights. In the case of reindeer husbandry, efforts are needed to create a better internal fit between governing elements as well as between involved socio-political actors. This could enable more equal governing interactions with other land-users and thereby contribute to mitigating conflicts as well as increasing adaptability.
50
Perkins, Ross A. "The role of context in instructional design: A case study examining the re-purposing of web-based master's degree courses for use in Malawi." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28972.
Анотація:
This case study examined how contextual factors influenced the adaptation of on-line courses created in the United States as they were re-purposed for use in Malawi.
The investigation starts and ends within Year Two of a five year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The grant brings together an instructional technology program at a large research university in the southeastern United States and a newly established national university in Malawi, Africa.
A total of 24 people participated in the study. Of these, nine were directly involved in the adaptation process, five of whom were students from Malawi. Six other Malawian students took part in a formative review of the instructional products. Three professors of instructional technology were also directly involved in the adaptation process.
The participants involved in the adaptation process did their work over the course of one semester. They took pre-existing web-based courses created for an on-line master's degree program in instructional technology and adapted them for use in Malawi by accounting for various contextual elements.
Data included project documents, student-created materials including personal journal reflections, interviews with students and faculty at both institutions, field notes, and personal observations by the researcher. Data analysis procedures followed protocols established for descriptive, qualitative methodologies.
The findings emphasize the importance of a needs assessment and context analysis as developed by people who are native to a particular culture. Instructional designers who are made aware of contextual factors through such documents become more sensitive to cultural issues related to teaching and learning. Negotiation among team members to come to a workable consensus is also important, as project goals inevitably evolve. Another interesting outcome of this study was the fact that not one context, but two, affect adaptation. Whereas the Malawian context impacted content and delivery mechanisms of the courses, the U.S. context influenced the process and procedure for design.Ph. D.