Дисертації: "Activity participation and time-use"

1

Annear, M. J. ""They're not including us!" : neighbourhood deprivation and older adults' leisure time physical activity participation." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/468.

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Population ageing and the tendency for older adults to have poorer health status than younger adults have raised concerns about potential increases in the number of elderly suffering disease and disability. Significantly, many health problems experienced in later life are associated with the onset of a more sedentary lifestyle. Increasing older adults' participation in leisure time physical activity (henceforth LTPA) offers an opportunity to reduce the prevalence of preventable morbidity in later life and offset a potential burden of ageing on the public health sector. As a forerunner to the development of strategies to increase older adults' LTPA participation, researchers have investigated the intrapersonal, interpersonal and, to a lesser extent, environmental influences on this health behaviour. Recent findings from studies of the adult population have suggested that neighbourhood deprivation, a measure of the socioeconomic conditions of small areas, may significantly influence LTPA participation. Extending previous findings, this research investigated how neighbourhood deprivation influenced older adults' LTPA participation. A total of 63 older adults were recruited from high- and low-deprivation neighbourhoods in Christchurch, New Zealand. Neighbourhoods were selected because of their relative positions on the New Zealand Deprivation Index and were characterised by the researcher as "East-town", a neighbourhood of high deprivation, and "West-town", a neighbourhood of low deprivation. The research incorporated a cross-sectional, comparative and mixed-methods approach. The methods of enquiry employed in this research included a recall survey, Q method, and semi-structured interviewing. Each method addressed a different aspect of the primary research question and provided data that was used in the creation of an integrated model depicting the influence of neighbourhood deprivation on older adults' LTPA participation. The results derived from the three research methods showed that older adults from the low-deprivation neighbourhood of West-town participated in LTPA more frequently than older adults from the high-deprivation neighbourhood of East-town. East-town was identified as having many physical and social environmental constraints to LTPA and comparatively few facilitators. Alternatively, West-town was found to have many physical and social environmental facilitators to LTPA and relatively few constraints. Neighbourhood attributes which appeared to influence older adults' LTPA participation included appropriateness of leisure provision, neighbourhood attractiveness, walkability, traffic, and perceptions of crime and antisocial behaviour. One implication of this research is that environmental interventions should be considered in attempts to engage older adults in LTPA for health purposes, particularly in high-deprivation neighbourhoods.

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2

Craike, Melinda Jane, and n/a. "An Exploratory Study of the Social Psychological Determinants of Regular Participation in Leisure-Time Physical Activity." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060810.154920.

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Despite the widely documented physical, psychological, and social benefits of regular participation in physical activity (Bauman & Campbell, 2001; Blair, Kohl & Barlow, 1995; Paluska & Schwenk, 2000; U.S Department of Health & Human Services, 1996), less than half of the Australian population participate in 'sufficient' levels of physical activity in terms of time and frequency of participation (Bauman, Ford & Armstrong, 2001). Thus the examination of social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity is important. A mixed methods approach was adopted to identify and test the important social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. Phase one of the study was qualitative in nature and adopted a grounded theory approach. A number of important themes emerged from the qualitative phase, including: definitions and meanings of physical activity; physical activity and choice, obligation, reasons for participation; enjoyment of physical activity; changing perceptions and influences on physical activity from childhood to adulthood; and priority of physical activity. The interrelations between these themes and their impact on regularity of participation were explored. These findings, along with theoretical propositions and evidence from previous studies, contributed to the development of a model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. They also contributed to the development of items to measure important concepts in the model. Phase two was quantitative in nature and used structural equation modelling to test the model. The quantitative phase involved a sample of 250 people aged 19-87 years living in an Australian capital city. Self-report questionnaires measured regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity (dependent variable), leisure-time physical activity behaviour regulation, intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity, enjoyment of leisure-time physical activity, and priority of leisure-time physical activity (independent and mediating variables). Each of the independent and mediating variables was multidimensional in nature, the components of which were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling prior to the testing of structural models. After some adjustment, the predictors were satisfactorily represented by their respective multifactor models, except intrinsic motivation, which was best represented by a single factor model. Following modification, the proposed model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was found to be a good fit of the data. Relationships within the model indicated the importance of the priority of leisure-time physical activity factors in the prediction of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. The influence of preference for leisure-time physical activity on regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was mediated by level of priority and making time for leisure-time physical activity. That is, people who preferred to participate in leisure-time physical activity over other types of leisure tended to make it a higher priority, and, in turn, tended to make time to participate. Making time was subsequently associated with increased regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. The enjoyment factors influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through their influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. Activity enjoyment had a positive influence on preference and enjoyment dependent on surroundings had a negative influence. However, in the overall model, the behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation attenuated the influence of the enjoyment factors on preference for leisure-time physical activity. This suggested that people's underlying behaviour regulators and levels of intrinsic motivation have a similar influence on their preference for leisure-time physical activity as their feelings of enjoyment. However, behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation appear to be more powerful influences of preference than enjoyment. Intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity positively influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through its influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. It also had a direct influence on regularity of participation. Thus, people who were more intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity partly because they formed preferences for physical activity over other types of leisure. Furthermore, the direct influence of intrinsic motivation on regular participation suggested that there were explanations, beyond that of preference and priority, for why those who were intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity. The behaviour regulators of external regulation (negative), introjected regulation (positive) and identified regulation (positive) influenced regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity mostly through their influence on intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity. That is, when people felt their physical activity was externally regulated, they felt less intrinsically motivated to participate and this was subsequently associated with less regular participation. On the other hand, when people were regulated by introjection and identification, they tended to feel more intrinsically motivated and this was subsequently associated with more regular participation. External regulation and introjected regulation also had a direct negative influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity and perceptions of the availability of time, respectively. Thus, people who felt externally regulated tended to have less preference for leisure-time physical activity and those who were regulated through introjection were more likely to perceive that they did not have the time to participate. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of preferences and prioritisation on perceptions of time availability, and subsequently, regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. It also demonstrated that behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation are important determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity in a general community sample. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for researchers, leisure professionals, and policy makers. They also suggest a number of significant areas of further research.

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3

Craike, Melinda Jane. "An Exploratory Study of the Social Psychological Determinants of Regular Participation in Leisure-Time Physical Activity." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366174.

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Despite the widely documented physical, psychological, and social benefits of regular participation in physical activity (Bauman & Campbell, 2001; Blair, Kohl & Barlow, 1995; Paluska & Schwenk, 2000; U.S Department of Health & Human Services, 1996), less than half of the Australian population participate in 'sufficient' levels of physical activity in terms of time and frequency of participation (Bauman, Ford & Armstrong, 2001). Thus the examination of social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity is important. A mixed methods approach was adopted to identify and test the important social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. Phase one of the study was qualitative in nature and adopted a grounded theory approach. A number of important themes emerged from the qualitative phase, including: definitions and meanings of physical activity; physical activity and choice, obligation, reasons for participation; enjoyment of physical activity; changing perceptions and influences on physical activity from childhood to adulthood; and priority of physical activity. The interrelations between these themes and their impact on regularity of participation were explored. These findings, along with theoretical propositions and evidence from previous studies, contributed to the development of a model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. They also contributed to the development of items to measure important concepts in the model. Phase two was quantitative in nature and used structural equation modelling to test the model. The quantitative phase involved a sample of 250 people aged 19-87 years living in an Australian capital city. Self-report questionnaires measured regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity (dependent variable), leisure-time physical activity behaviour regulation, intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity, enjoyment of leisure-time physical activity, and priority of leisure-time physical activity (independent and mediating variables). Each of the independent and mediating variables was multidimensional in nature, the components of which were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling prior to the testing of structural models. After some adjustment, the predictors were satisfactorily represented by their respective multifactor models, except intrinsic motivation, which was best represented by a single factor model. Following modification, the proposed model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was found to be a good fit of the data. Relationships within the model indicated the importance of the priority of leisure-time physical activity factors in the prediction of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. The influence of preference for leisure-time physical activity on regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was mediated by level of priority and making time for leisure-time physical activity. That is, people who preferred to participate in leisure-time physical activity over other types of leisure tended to make it a higher priority, and, in turn, tended to make time to participate. Making time was subsequently associated with increased regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. The enjoyment factors influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through their influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. Activity enjoyment had a positive influence on preference and enjoyment dependent on surroundings had a negative influence. However, in the overall model, the behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation attenuated the influence of the enjoyment factors on preference for leisure-time physical activity. This suggested that people's underlying behaviour regulators and levels of intrinsic motivation have a similar influence on their preference for leisure-time physical activity as their feelings of enjoyment. However, behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation appear to be more powerful influences of preference than enjoyment. Intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity positively influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through its influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. It also had a direct influence on regularity of participation. Thus, people who were more intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity partly because they formed preferences for physical activity over other types of leisure. Furthermore, the direct influence of intrinsic motivation on regular participation suggested that there were explanations, beyond that of preference and priority, for why those who were intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity. The behaviour regulators of external regulation (negative), introjected regulation (positive) and identified regulation (positive) influenced regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity mostly through their influence on intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity. That is, when people felt their physical activity was externally regulated, they felt less intrinsically motivated to participate and this was subsequently associated with less regular participation. On the other hand, when people were regulated by introjection and identification, they tended to feel more intrinsically motivated and this was subsequently associated with more regular participation. External regulation and introjected regulation also had a direct negative influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity and perceptions of the availability of time, respectively. Thus, people who felt externally regulated tended to have less preference for leisure-time physical activity and those who were regulated through introjection were more likely to perceive that they did not have the time to participate. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of preferences and prioritisation on perceptions of time availability, and subsequently, regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. It also demonstrated that behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation are important determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity in a general community sample. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for researchers, leisure professionals, and policy makers. They also suggest a number of significant areas of further research.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
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4

Phillips, Jennifer Ann. "Time trends in overall daily physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors by organized physical activity participation in adolescent girls." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9898.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept of Kinesiology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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5

Augustin, Bertho. "Comparison of Different Approaches to Estimating Budgets for Kuhn-Tucker Demand Systems: Applications for Individuals' Time-Use Analysis and Households' Vehicle Ownership and Utilization Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5174.

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This thesis compares different approaches to estimating budgets for Kuhn-Tucker (KT) demand systems, more specifically for the multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model. The approaches tested include: (1) The log-linear regression approach (2) The stochastic frontier regression approach, and (3) arbitrarily assumed budgets that are not necessarily modeled as a function of decision maker characteristics and choice-environment characteristics. The log-linear regression approach has been used in the literature to model the observed total expenditure as way of estimating budgets for the MDCEV models. This approach allows the total expenditure to depend on the characteristics of the choice-maker and the choice environment. However, this approach does not offer an easy way to allow the total expenditure to change due to changes in choice alternative-specific attributes, but only allows a reallocation of the observed total expenditure among the different choice alternatives. To address this issue, we propose the stochastic frontier regression approach. The approach is useful when the underlying budgets driving a choice situation are unobserved, but only the expenditures on the choice alternatives of interest are observed. The approach is based on the notion that consumers operate under latent budgets that can be conceived (and modeled using stochastic frontier regression) as the maximum possible expenditure they are willing to incur. To compare the efficacy of the above-mentioned approaches, we performed two empirical assessments: (1) The analysis of out-of-home activity participation and time-use (with a budget on the total time available for out-of-home activities) for a sample of non-working adults in Florida, and (2) The analysis of household vehicle type/vintage holdings and usage (with a budget on the total annual mileage) for a sample of households in Florida. A comparison of the MDCEV model predictions (based on budgets from the above mentioned approaches) demonstrates that the log-linear regression approach and the stochastic frontier approach performed better than arbitrarily assumed budgets approaches. This is because both approaches consider heterogeneity in budgets due to socio-demographics and other explanatory factors rather than arbitrarily imposing uniform budgets on all consumers. Between the log-linear regression and the stochastic frontier regression approaches, the log-linear regression approach resulted in better predictions (vis-à-vis the observed distributions of the discrete-continuous choices) from the MDCEV model. However, policy simulations suggest that the stochastic frontier approach allows the total expenditures to either increase or decrease as a result of changes in alternative-specific attributes. While the log-linear regression approach allows the total expenditures to change as a result of changes in relevant socio-demographic and choice-environment characteristics, it does not allow the total expenditures to change as a result of changes in alternative-specific attributes.

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6

Thomas, Laura Tennille. "Extra-curricular activity participation, connectedness to school and cigarette and alcohol use : how the relationships work." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1865.

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The Extra-curricular Project (ECP) was a group randomised control trial which sought to explore the impact of extra-curricular activity (ECA) participation on health and educational outcomes for secondary students attending 18 Government and non- Government schools in Perth, Western Australia. This naturalistic observation study (2004-2006) monitored students‟ participation in ECA provided by their school, perceived connectedness to school, teachers and peers and cigarette and alcohol consumption. In this study, ECA are defined as activities students choose to do (not compulsory), are fun and are not part of normal classroom work. The four main types of extra-curricular activities in this study are: sport, recreation, the arts, and other. The main aim of this doctoral study was to test if a reduction in smoking and alcohol use occurred amongst students who participated in ECA compared to non-participants. Three sub-studies were conducted to explore the research concepts. First, student and school-level characteristics associated with students‟ ECA participation in Year 8 were explored. Second, the contribution of connectedness to teachers and peer support to students‟ perceived connectedness to school in Year 8 was investigated. Third, the longitudinal relationship between ECA participation in Years 8 and 9 and perceived connectedness to school in Year 10 was examined. Much research in the field of ECA has been cross-sectional in study design, limiting the investigation of causal relationships between key variables. This study sought to address this gap by examining the impact of ECA participation in Years 8 and 9 on students‟ perceived connectedness to school in Year 10. Consistency of students‟ ECA participation across Years 8 and 9 positively influenced students‟ later connectedness to school. Hence, participation in both Years 8 and 9 (consistent participation), not only in Year 8, yields beneficial outcomes for students in relation to their perceived connectedness to school. The three sub-studies contributed to the overarching research question exploring the relationship between ECA participation and cigarette and alcohol use, and the role of connectedness to school as a mediator in this relationship. Students who reported a higher perceived level of connectedness to school were less likely to report recent or lifetime cigarette use and recent or recent hazardous alcohol use in Year 10. Moreover, mediation analyses identified that while consistent participation in ECA was not in and of itself protective of recent cigarette smoking, if through consistent ECA participation students‟ perceived connectedness to school was enhanced, this was protective of students‟ reported recent cigarette use in Year 10. These findings suggest much can be done to reduce adolescents‟ risk of cigarette and alcohol use. First students should be assisted to develop a strong connectedness to their school to reduce their likelihood of cigarette and alcohol use. ECA participation is one way to enhance students‟ connectedness to school, but every opportunity to do so should be explored. In addition, the modification of ECA programs in Western Australian schools to encourage continued participation in multiple activities is likely to enhance students‟ connectedness to school and thus reduce the likelihood of cigarette and alcohol use.

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7

Stith, Dettrick Lamont. "Time Commitment, Self-Efficacy, Social Environment and the Physical Activity Participation of Selected Hypertensive African Americans." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26452.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate time commitment, self-efficacy and social environment as it relates to physical activity in a selected sample of hypertensive African Americans. In addition, this study focused on identifying additional research areas in regards to hypertensive African Americans. This study utilized a quantitative method for data collection. The survey instrument utilized contained the following subtopics: (1) demographics;(2)hypertension risk factors;(3) prevention and treatment;(4)hypertension knowledge, and (5)physical activity participation. Data collected did not support the hypotheses or information contained in the review of literature. It was revealed from data collection that 69% of the respondents (n=90) disagreed with the survey statement that â exercise takes too much of my time (time commitment).â Fifty-two percent of the respondents (n=68) either disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statement â exercise tires me (self-efficacy belief).â Forty-three percent of the respondents (n=56) disagreed with the statement â my spouse (or significant other) does not encourage exercise.â There is a need for future investigation to examine how additional barriers to physical effect activity African Americans individually, and is there a culmination of specific barriers to physical activity that work in conjunction to inhibit African Americans to engage in physical activity.
Ph. D.

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8

Bourassa, Kyle J., Molly Memel, Cindy Woolverton, and David A. Sbarra. "Social participation predicts cognitive functioning in aging adults over time: comparisons with physical health, depression, and physical activity." ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622789.

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Objectives: Several risk and protective factors are associated with changes in cognitive functioning in aging adults - including physical health, depression, physical activity, and social activities - though the findings for participation in social activities are mixed. This study investigated the longitudinal association between social participation and two domains of cognitive functioning, memory and executive function. A primary goal of our analyses was to determine whether social participation predicted cognitive functioning over-and-above physical health, depression, and physical activity in a sample with adequate power to detect unique effects. Method: The sample included aging adults (N = 19,832) who participated in a large, multi-national study and provided data across six years; split into two random subsamples. Unique associations between the predictors of interest and cognitive functioning over time and within occasion were assessed in a latent curve growth model. Results: Social participation predicted both domains of cognitive functioning at each occasion, and the relative magnitude of this effect was comparable to physical health, depression, and physical activity level. In addition, social participation at the first time point predicted change in cognitive functioning over time. The substantive results in the initial sample were replicated in the second independent subsample. Conclusion: Overall, the magnitude of the association of social participation is comparable to other well-established predictors of cognitive functioning, providing evidence that social participation plays an important role in cognitive functioning and successful aging.

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9

Dunlop, Paul M. Groff Diane Gail. "Active employees! Exploring the relationship between job characteristics, perceived constraints and participation in leisure-time physical activity." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,140.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Recreation Administration in the Department of Exercise and Sport Science." Discipline: Exercise and Sports Science; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.

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10

Gordon, Diandra Renee. "Caregivers’ Perspectives on Family Participation in the Family Time Initiative Program: Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Cultural Perceptions." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534749935795187.

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11

Yu, Tik-yin Grace. "Perception of voice use and problems in female singers and broadcasters an impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction perspective /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36208115.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2001.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 4, 2001." Also available in print.

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12

Villaron, Charlène. "Activité physique adaptée et cancer : effets psychologiques et physiologiques de programmes d'activité physique pendant un traitement et analyse des déterminants pouvant influencer la participation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4092/document.

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Fatigue, diminution des capacités physiques, diminution de la qualité de vie … sont les conséquences directes d’un cancer et des traitements associés. Lutter contre la diminution de la qualité de vie des patients est désormais une priorité en matière de lutte contre le cancer. L’activité physique adaptée a démontré son efficacité pour des patients en cours de traitement anti-cancéreux. Cette thèse a été réalisée à l’Institut des Sciences du Mouvement. Dans le cadre d’une collaboration avec l’Institut Paoli Calmettes, l’objet de ce travail était de contribuer au développement des connaissances dans le domaine de l’activité physique adaptée en oncologie. Le programme de recherche de cette thèse était organisé en 5 études, rassemblant 262 sujets. Les principaux résultats ont montré que l’activité physique adaptée était bénéfique pour des populations très spécifiques (étude 1) ; d’autre part nous avons montré que l’activité physique pilotée à distance via de nouvelles technologies pouvait être une réelle alternative aux programmes supervisés (étude 3). Par ailleurs, une autre étude (étude 2) a mis en évidence une participation des patients très limitée à ces programmes. Nous avons montré pour la première fois dans la littérature que la perspective temporelle est une variable à prendre en compte dans la promotion de l’activité physique chez ces patients (étude 4) ainsi que la personnalité, l’âge et le lieu de prise en charge (étude 5). Cette thèse apporte donc de nouveaux éclairages tant sur le plan des connaissances scientifiques que sur des propositions thérapeutiques afin de développer et d’améliorer la prise en charge en activité physique des patients pendant un cancer
Fatigue, decrease of physical capacity, decrease of quality of life ... are direct consequences of cancer and related treatments. Contend against the decline of patients’ quality of life is now a priority in the fight against cancer ( “Plan Cancer 2014-2019”). Adapted physical activity has proven effective for patients undergoing cancer treatment. This thesis, described as "action-research", was conducted at the Institut of Movement Sciences (CNRS UMR 7287 AMU). As part of collaboration with the Institut Paoli Calmettes, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer in the PACA region, the objective of this work was to contribute to knowledge development in the field of adapted physical activity in oncology. This research’s program was organized in 5 studies, collecting 262 subjects. Firstly, the main results illustrated that adapted physical activity is beneficial for very specific populations (Study 1); secondly we demonstrated that physical activity remotely managed via new technologies could be a real alternative to supervised programs (Study 3). Furthermore, an additional study (Study 2) revealed a very limited involvement of patients in these programs. For the first time in literature, we revealed that the time perspective is a variable to be considered in the promotion of physical activity for patients (Study 4) as well as personality, age and type of hospital (Study 5). This thesis sheds new light both in terms of the contribution of scientific knowledge and on therapeutic proposals in order to develop and improve supportive physical activity for patients suffering from cancer

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13

Kamerade, Daiga. "Changes in employment-related time use and activity in voluntary associations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611271.

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14

Banerjee, Amlan. "Understanding activity engagement and time use patterns in a developing country context." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001729.

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15

Wilhite, Katrina Louise. "Understanding movement behaviour time-use in youth from different socioeconomic backgrounds." Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2023. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/bdabe180509e5c4dc4b41db96ab874f76f62ea7cb9937f0a64e869d47127ea25/7289828/Wilhite_2022_Understanding_movement_behaviour_time_use_in.pdf.

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Understanding the associations of movement behaviour time-use (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep) and youth’s physical health, psychological health, and education-related outcomes has become increasingly popular in public health research. However, little is known about the differences in movement behaviour time-use across youth from different socioeconomic positions and how these differences may affect specific outcomes. This thesis furthers our knowledge of movement behaviour time-use and socioeconomic position through three studies. In the first study, a systematic review, I found that the combination of “high” levels of physical activity and sleep with “low” sedentary behaviour provided children and adolescents are generally associated with the best outcomes. In the second study I aimed to identify general and domain-specific movement trajectory profiles and whether socioeconomic position could predict profile membership. For general movement behaviours, males from different socioeconomic positions did not differ in their movement trajectory profiles, but females from lower socioeconomic position were a combination of being less physically active and more sedentary than their higher socioeconomic peers. For domain-specific movement behaviours those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, regardless of sex, tended to spend a combination of more time in recreational screen activities and less time in education-related sedentary behaviour than their higher socioeconomic peers. In the final study I aimed to test if combinations of domain-specific movement behaviours mediated the relationship between socioeconomic position and socio- emotional outcomes in youth. Recreational screen activities had a mediating effect but combinations of domain-specific movement behaviours did not. These findings will help us better cater programs and guidelines to children from different socioeconomic backgrounds.

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16

Pitombo, Cira Souza. "Estudos de relações entre variáveis socioeconômicas, de uso do solo, participação em atividades e padrões de viagens encadeadas urbanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-29062007-104354/.

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Um dos tópicos mais importantes na análise de demanda por transportes é a relação entre as necessidades individuais de realização de atividades geograficamente distribuídas, a estrutura urbana, as características individuais e domiciliares, o sistema de transporte e as diferenças no comportamento relacionado a viagens. Isto motivou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, que tem como objetivo principal analisar o comportamento individual subjacente ao encadeamento de viagens sob a perspectiva de três grupos de variáveis: (1) participação em atividades; (2) características socioeconômicas; e (3) uso do solo. Há dois objetivos secundários, fundamentais para se atingir a finalidade do trabalho: (a) propor um conjunto de variáveis de uso do solo; e (b) testar a significância do grupo de variáveis ora proposto. Este trabalho baseou-se nos dados da pesquisa origem-destino de 1997 da região metropolitana de São Paulo, sendo extraídas e analisadas seis amostras finais que foram caracterizadas por setor econômico (no caso de trabalhadores) e grau de instrução (no caso de estudantes). Com utilização conjunta de técnicas de análise multivariadas, confirmatórias e exploratórias, foi possível representar a variável dependente (Análise de Cluster), bem como encontrar relações entre variáveis envolvidas (Árvore de Decisão) e, finalmente, mensurar a significância estatística das variáveis independentes (Regressão Linear Múltipla). Através dos resultados obtidos, foi possível analisar a influência dos três grupos de variáveis na seqüência de viagens: (1) variáveis socioeconômicas (renda familiar, usa vale transporte, nº provável de carteiras de habilitação no domicílio, idade, nº de automóveis no domicílio) afetam principalmente a seqüência de modos de transporte utilizados durante as viagens; (2) participação em atividades (estuda, trabalha) interfere na seqüência de motivos de viagem; e, enfim, (3) variáveis de uso do solo (parcela acumulada de empregos ou escolas por faixas de distância a partir do centróide da zona de residência) influenciam a seqüência de destinos escolhidos. Espera-se que o presente trabalho constitua uma contribuição ao meio acadêmico, tanto em termos de representação da intensidade e distribuição geográfica das atividades no meio urbano (variáveis de uso do solo), quanto em relação à influência de tais variáveis nos deslocamentos dos indivíduos.
One of the most important topics in transportation demand is the relationship between individual needs to carry out geographically distributed activities, urban configuration, individual and household characteristics, transportation system and travel behavior. For that reason, the main aim of this work is to analyze the individual trip-chaining behavior in terms of three variables groups: (1) activity participation; (2) socioeconomic characteristics; and (3) land use. There are also two secondary objectives derived from the main objective: (a) to propose one set of land use variables; and (b) to verify the statistical significance of the created land use group variables. This work was based on the origin-destination survey carried out in the São Paulo metropolitan area in 1997, from which six final samples were extracted, analyzed and characterized by economic sector (for workers) and level of education (for students). Applying multivariate analysis techniques, confirmatory and exploratory, it was possible to represent the dependent variable (Cluster Analysis), as well as to find relationships between the concerned variables (Decision Tree) and, finally, to measure the statistical significance of the independent variables (Multiple Regression). From the results, it was possible to analyze the influence of the three variables groups on trip-chaining: (1) socioeconomic variables (household income, transit voucher use, probable number of driver licenses per household, age, car-ownership) affect the travel mode sequence used for the trips; (2) activity participation (study, work) has an effect on the trip purpose sequence; and (3) land use variables (accumulated proportion of jobs or schools by distance buffers starting from the residence zone centroid) influence the sequence of chosen destinations. It is expected that the present work could be a contribution to the scientific community for the representation of the activities level and their geographic distribution in the urban configuration (land use variables), and the influence of such variables on individuals displacements.

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17

Sikder, Sujan. "Spatial Transferability of Activity-Based Travel Forecasting Models." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4771.

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Spatial transferability of travel forecasting models, or the ability to transfer models from one geographical region to another, can potentially help in significant cost and time savings for regions that cannot invest in extensive data-collection and model-development procedures. This issue is particularly important in the context of tour-based/activity-based models whose development typically involves significant data inputs, skilled staff, and long production times. However, most literature on model transferability has been in the context of traditionally used trip-based models, particularly for linear regression-based trip generation and logit-based mode choice models, with little evidence on the transferability of activity-based models and that of emerging model structures. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to assess the spatial transferability of activity-based travel demand models. To this end, the specific objectives are to: 1. Survey the literature to synthesize: (a) the approaches used to transfer models, (b) the metrics used to assess model transferability, (c) the available evidence on spatial transferability of travel models, and (d) notable gaps in literature; 2. Lay out a framework for assessing the spatial transferability of activity-based travel forecasting model systems, and evaluate alternative methods/metrics used for assessing the transferability of specific model components and their parameters; 3. Conduct empirical assessments of spatial transferability of the following two model components used in today's activity-based model systems: (a) daily activity participation and time-use models, and (b) tour-based time-of-day choice models. Data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) and the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) were used for these empirical assessments; 4. Conduct empirical assessments of model transferability using emerging model structures that have begun to be used in activity-based model systems - specifically the multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model; 5. Investigate alternate ways of enhancing model transferability; specifically: (a) pooling data from different geographical regions, and (b) improvements to the model structure. The dissertation provides a framework for assessing the transferability of activity-based models systems, along with empirical evidence on the pros and cons of alternative methods and metrics of transferability assessment. The results suggest the need to consider model sensitivity to changes in explanatory variables as opposed to relying solely on the ability to predict aggregate distributions. Updating the constants of a transferred model using local data (a widely used method to transfer models) was found to help in increasing the model's ability to predict aggregate patterns but not necessarily in enhancing its sensitivity to changes in explanatory variables. Also, transferability assessments ought to consider sampling variance in parameter estimates as opposed to only the point estimates. Empirical analysis with the daily activity participation and time-use model shed new light on the prediction properties of the MDCEV model structure that have implications for model transferability. This led to the development of a new model structure called the multiple discrete continuous heteroscedastic extreme value (MDCHEV) model that incorporates heteroscedasticity in the model's stochastic distributions and helps in enhancing model transferability. Transferability assessment of the time-of-day choice models show encouraging evidence of transferability of a large proportion of the model coefficients, albeit except important parameters such as the travel time coefficients. Collectively, there is evidence that pooling data from multiple regions may help in building better transferable models than those transferred from a single region.

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18

Pawlak, Jacek, John W. Polak, and Aruna Sivakumar. "A framework for joint modelling of activity choice, duration, and productivity while travelling." Elsevier, 2017. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72810.

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Recent developments in mobile information and communication technologies (ICT), vehicle automation, and the associated debates on the implications for the operation of transport systems and for the appraisal of investment has heightened the importance of understanding how people spend travel time and how productive they are while travelling. To date, however, no approach has been proposed that incorporates the joint modelling of in-travel activity type, activity duration and productivity behaviour. To address this critical gap, we draw on a recently developed PPS framework (Pawlak et al., 2015) to develop a new joint model of activity type choice, duration and productivity. In our framework, we use copulas to provide a flexible link between a discrete choice model of activity type choice, a hazard-based model for activity duration, and a log-linear model of productivity. Our model is readily amenable to estimation, which we demonstrate using data from the 2008 UK Study of Productive Use of Rail Travel-time. We hence show how journey-, respondent-, attitude-, and ICT-related factors are related to expected in-travel time allocation to work and non-work activities, and the associated productivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first framework that both captures the effects of different factors on activity choice, duration and productivity, and models links between these aspects of behaviour. Furthermore, the convenient interpretation of the parameters in the form of semi-elasticities enables the comparison of effects associated with the presence of on-board facilities (e.g., workspace, connectivity) or equipment use, facilitating use of the model outputs in applied contexts.

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19

Shepherd, Philippa C. F. "Space use, habitat preferences, and time-activity budgets on non-breeding Dunlin (Calidris alpina pacifica) in the Fraser River Delta, B.C." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61680.pdf.

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20

Merrick, Meg. "Patterns of Time, Place, and Culture: Land Use Zoning in Portland, Oregon, 1918-1924." PDXScholar, 1998. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2874.

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Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced in this country over the last 80 years, has created cities that are fractured and function poorly. Others propose that zoning should be reconsidered as a remedy for urban dysfunction. They suggest that the whole notion of zoning be rethought. The purpose of this study is to uncover some of the underlying rationales and methodologies that set the model for zoning. This study examines the rationales behind the classification and location of land use zones in a fast-growing area of Portland, Oregon, for its first zoning ordinance through history, culture, and geography. Between 1919 and 1924, two ordinances were prepared using two very different methodologies. The first of these was designed by nationally known consultant, Charles H. Cheney, using the latest scientific methods. After its rejection in the polls, a second ordinance was developed by a prominent group of realtors in conjunction with the city planning commission using more intuitive methods. This “realtors’ code” (MacColl 1979) was approved by the Portland electorate in 1924. Some fifty years later, the Portland planning commission would identify zoning as having played a significant role in the deterioration of the Buckman neighborhood in the study area. The comparison of the rationales and methods behind the locations of zone boundaries in both ordinances against the locations of actual uses in the study area, reveals the powerful influences of social Darwinism, laissez-faire attitudes, and newly developing social science methods on the association of zoning with the separation of uses and the land use patterns that were created.

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21

Taylor-Smith, Ella. "Participation Space Studies : a socio-technical exploration of activist and community groups' use of online and offline spaces to support their work." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2016. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/368298.

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Participation Space Studies explore eParticipation in the day-to-day activities of local, citizen-led groups, working to improve their communities. The focus is the relationship between activities and contexts. The concept of a participation space is introduced in order to reify online and offline contexts where people participate in democracy. Participation spaces include websites, blogs, email, social media presences, paper media, and physical spaces. They are understood as sociotechnical systems: assemblages of heterogeneous elements, with relevant histories and trajectories of development and use. This approach enables the parallel study of diverse spaces, on and offline. Participation spaces are investigated within three case studies, centred on interviews and participant observation. Each case concerns a community or activist group, in Scotland. The participation spaces are then modelled using a Socio-Technical Interaction Network (STIN) framework (Kling, McKim and King, 2003). The participation space concept effectively supports the parallel investigation of the diverse social and technical contexts of grassroots democracy and the relationship between the case-study groups and the technologies they use to support their work. Participants' democratic participation is supported by online technologies, especially email, and they create online communities and networks around their goals. The studies illustrate the mutual shaping relationship between technology and democracy. Participants' choice of technologies can be understood in spatial terms: boundaries, inhabitants, access, ownership, and cost. Participation spaces and infrastructures are used together and shared with other groups. Non-public online spaces, such as Facebook groups, are vital contexts for eParticipation; further, the majority of participants' work is non-public, on and offline. It is informational, potentially invisible, work that supports public outputs. The groups involve people and influence events through emotional and symbolic impact, as well as rational argument. Images are powerful vehicles for this and digital images become an increasingly evident and important feature of participation spaces throughout the consecutively conducted case studies. Collaboration of diverse people via social media indicates that these spaces could be understood as boundary objects (Star and Griesemer, 1989). The Participation Space Studies draw from and contribute to eParticipation, social informatics, mediation, social shaping studies, and ethnographic studies of Internet use.

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22

Sernheim, Åsa-Sara. "Time for Activities for Girls and Women with Rett Syndrome." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för arbetsterapi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149823.

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Irrespective of the great individual variation, people diagnosed with RTT largely rely on support from others to be able to do and participate in activities throughout their lives. This thesis focuses on which activities are done and liked/disliked by girls and women with RTT in Sweden. The overall aim was to describe the everyday lives of female individuals with Rett syndrome. Two studies are included in this thesis. The first is a descriptive study, using secondary data from three earlier questionnaires, encompassing data from 175 participants (girls/women) described by 365 informants (parents/staff). Content analysis was used to analyse the openended questions. In the second study a Time-geographic diary method and the software VISUAL-TimePAcTs computer program, DAILY LIFE 2011 were used. Ten participants (teenagers/young female adults) with RTT and their 63 informants participated in the diary study. The main findings in the first study (I) were that the girls and women with RTT enjoyed activities that included aspects of ‘contact’, ‘sensory impression’ and ‘motion’. The activities most enjoyed over the years were bathing/swimming, listening to music or being outdoors/walking. The parents and staff also liked to do the same activities that the girls or women enjoyed doing, described as sharing their joy. Of the few activities that were reported as being unenjoyable, most were daily care activities. The diary study (II) showed that the most frequently reported activities were hygiene/toilet, moving around indoors, eating and getting dressed. Most time was spent in sleeping, daily care, medical and health care activities and also for travel/transportation. Little time remained for other kinds of activities especially for the young adults. Most time was spent with staff, thereafter with families, and the least time was spent with friends. The participant response that was reported most often during activities was ‘interested’, while ‘opposed’ was the least reported. Responses of ‘opposition’ were primarily seen during caring activities such as toileting, using the breathing mask, stretching, brushing teeth, being woken up, dressing and putting on orthoses. Responses of ‘engagement’ were noted in contexts of socialising, playing and communicating activities with friends or staff. Engagement responses were also reported during activities of ‘motion’ such as changing body position, moving in the water or gymnastics, eating food and snacks, and even when watching/listening to films, books or music. Thus, increased knowledge concerning the importance of activities for girls and women with RTT is essential for their well-being, participation and continued development. Increased knowledge could facilitate the choice of activities and a more varied use of activities. Regardless of age, severity of symptoms or developed skills, it is important that not only basic needs such as sleep, daily care and medical health care activities are fulfilled for individuals with Rett syndrome. It is also essential for them to spend time with friends, family and staff doing enjoyable activities both at home and in other places.

Funding:

Linnéa and Josef Carlsson’s Foundation, Helsingborg, Sweden and the Folke Bernadotte Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden.

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23

White, Amy Victoria. "Hannibal's night time antics: Livy's use of 'The Night' in the third decade to present military operations, develop moral exampla, and examine Rome's past." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Language, Social and Political Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9056.

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It has generally been thought that Hannibal was a hostile individual and despised in Roman society because of his non-Roman status and his apparent tendency to be deceptive, cruel and savage. Yet, our understanding of Hannibal as a character is limited. This thesis attempts to address his characterisation through an examination of his night-time military exploits, and argue that our knowledge of Hannibal can be expanded upon by examining how Livy characterised Hannibal in his account of the Second Punic War. Furthermore, this thesis takes a fresh approach to Hannibal’s characterisation, considering Livy’s use of ‘the night’ in association with military activity, and revealing that Hannibal displayed traits that the Romans themselves valued. Thus, Hannibal’s character is developed through a nocturnal military setting, and he becomes comparable to Rome’s finest generals, including Fabius Maximus, Marcellus and Scipio Africanus. Similarly, it is also shown that he exhibited Roman military virtus in place of the traits traditionally thought to be synonymous with the non-Roman. By analysing the character of Hannibal in this manner, we reveal that in Roman thought he was an ambiguous character, whilst simultaneously highlighting how the Romans both perceived and used the night within the context of the army.

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24

Petersen, Melvina L. "Knowledge of first time mothers about the importance of tactile stimulation during infancy and early childhood." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20251.

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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Research indicates that human touch plays an integral role in an infant’s ability to thrive and grow, with a correlation existing between tactile stimulation and optimal physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. The aim of this study was to explore the level of knowledge of first time mothers attending Mowbray Maternity Hospital (MMH) regarding the importance of tactile stimulation during infancy and early childhood. A descriptive, non-experimental, research design was employed, using a pilot tested structured questionnaire for data collection during face-to-face interviews conducted by the Principal Investigator. Questions were divided into four domains: knowledge about the impact of tactile stimulation on the bonding domain, the emotional domain, physical domain and the social domain of infants and children. The inclusion of one open-ended question allowed participants to suggest recommendations for improved knowledge and care. A sample of 41 participants, constituting 40% of the study population (N=101) was randomly selected from MMH. Prior ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University, and operational approval from the Western Cape Department of Health, and the Research Committee and Senior Management of MMH. Written informed consent was obtained from the study participants. The quantitative data was analysed using Statistica (Version 10) with the assistance of a statistician. The qualitative data yielded from the one open-ended question was analysed thematically and then quantified. The findings show that 90% (n=37) of the participants were knowledgeable about tactile stimulation strategies, 81% (n=33) knew about the impact of tactile stimulation on the bonding domain, 75% (n=31) on the emotional domain, 52% (n=21) on the physical domain and 43% (n=18) on the social domain. Although all participants had reported for out-patient antenatal care on four and more occasions, 73% (n=30) indicated that they had improved their knowledge regarding pregnancy, labour, birth, and parenting by reading magazines, 20% (n=8) reported that a health care worker had spoken to them about the benefits of tactile stimulation, and 15% (n=6) had received literature on the benefits of tactile stimulation. The open-ended question generated several findings which included suggestions to enhance healthcare by providing information and training about tactile stimulation and perinatal matters when attending antenatal clinic; by offering assistance with infant feeding during the postnatal period; and by improving the attitude and professional stance of health care workers. The study findings suggest that first time mothers at MMH are not adequately knowledgeable about the importance of tactile stimulation during infancy and early childhood. Grounded in the empirical findings and based on the suggestions offered by the participants, several recommendations, including improved information and training, were identified toward strengthening tactile stimulation knowledge and practice at both the parental and health care provider levels.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Studies toon dat menslike aanraking ‘n belangrike rol in ‘n baba se algemene vermoëns om te groei speel, terwyl ‘n positiewe korrelasie tussen koestering en optimale fisiese, emosionele, kognitiewe en sosiale ontwikkeling bestaan. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel of moeders, wat vir die eerste keer geboorte geskenk het, en geskeduleer was om by Mowbray Kraamhospitaal geboorte te skenk, ingelig was aangaande die belangrikheid van streling tydens babaskap en die vroeë kinderjare. ‘n Beskrywende, nie-eksperimentele navorsingstudie is uitgevoer, deur van ‘n gestruktureerde, onderhoudsvraelys vir die insameling van data gebruik te maak. Vrae was opverdeeld in die volgende seksies: kennis rakende die impak van babastreling op die band tussen moeder en baba, kennis rakende die impak op die emosienele dimensie, en kennis rakende die impak van babastreling op die fisiese en sosiale dimensies van babas en kinders. Die ewekansige gekose studie-groep van een-enveertig deelneemers het 40% van die studie-populasie uitgemaak. Voorafgaande etiese en operationele toestemming is vanaf die Menslike Etiese Kommittee van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, die Wes-Kaapse Departement van Gesondheid en vanaf die Navorsings kommittee en Bestuur van Mowbray Kraamhospitaal verkry. Geskrewe toestemming is voor aanvang van die een-tot-een onderhoude vanaf die deelneners verkry. Die kwantitiewe data is met die hulp van ‘n statistikus deur die gebruik van die sagteware, Statistica (Weergawe10) geanaliseer. Die kwalitiewe data wat na aanleiding van die oop-eindigende vraag verkry is, is tematies geanaliseer en gekwantifiseer. Die resultate het getoon dat meeste 90% (n=37) van die deelnemers met die algemene praktyke van babastrelingstrategië gedurende babaskap bekend was. Die persentasie vir deelnemers se kennis rakende die impak van babastreling op die band tussen moeder en baba was 81% (n=33), en vir kennis omtrent die emosienele dimensie 75% (n=31), die impak van babastreling op die fisiese 52% (n=21) en die sosiale 43% (n=18) dimensies van babas en kinders. Alhoewel alle deelneemers vir voorgeboorte kliniek gerapporteer het, het 73% (n=30), terugvoer dat hulle hulle kennis omtrent swangerskap, geboorte en ouerskap verbreed het deur tydskrifte te lees, 20% (n=8) van die deelnemers gerapporteer het dat ‘n gesondheidswerker met hulle omtrent die voordele van babastreling gepraat het, terwyl 15% (n=6) leesmaterial rakende die voordele van babstreling ontvang het. Die oop-eindigende vraag het verskeie bevindings opgelewer met voorstelle met betrekking tot die verbetering van gesondheidsorg en opleiding, opleiding aangaande die voorgeboortelike sorg wat hulle ontvang het en aangaande perinatale aangeleenthede en stimulasie van babas deur streling. Deelneemers het ook voorgestel dat verpleegsters hulp aan moeders behoort te verleen met die voeding van hul babas in die periode na geboorte en dat gesondheidsorgwerkers hulle professionaliteit en gesindhede jeens pasiënte behoort te verbeter. Ten slotte het die uitkomste van hierdie studie aangedui dat, moeders wat vir die eerste keer geboorte geskenk het by Mowbray Kraamhospitaal, onvoldoende kennis dra oor die belangrikheid van stimulasie van hulle babas en jong kinders deur streling. Gegrond in die empiriese bevindings en gebaseer op die voorstelle van deelnemers, is verskeie aanbevelings geïdentifiseer vir die moontlike verbetering van kennis rakende streling op die ouer- en gesondheidswerkervlakke.

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25

Wennberg, Patrik. "Beyond the established risk factors of myocardial infarction : lifestyle factors and novel biomarkers." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Allmänmedicin, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-21849.

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Age, male sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and obesity are considered as established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Several of these established cardiovascular risk factors are strongly influenced by lifestyle. Novel biomarkers from different mechanistic pathways have been associated with cardiovascular risk, but their clinical utility is still uncertain. The overall objective of the thesis was to evaluate the associations between certain lifestyle factors (physical activity and snuff use), biomarkers reflecting the haemostatic and the inflammatory systems and risk of a future first-ever myocardial infarction. A prospective incident nested case-control study design was used with a total of 651 cases of myocardial infarction and 2238 matched controls from the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. The effects of commuting activity, occupational and leisure time physical activity on risk of myocardial infarction were studied. A clearly increased risk of myocardial infarction was found for car commuting compared to active commuting (walking, cycling or going by bus). High versus low leisure time physical activity was associated with decreased risk of myocardial infarction. Low occupational physical activity was associated with risk of myocardial infarction in men. The risk of myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death was studied in male snuff users compared to non-tobacco users. No increased risk was found for myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death among snuff users without a previous history of smoking. However, for sudden cardiac death the study did not have statistical power to detect small differences in risk. Plasma levels of haemostatic markers have previously shown to be associated with risk of myocardial infarction, but as haemostatic markers are also acute-phase reactants, it is not clear if their association with myocardial infarction is independent of inflammatory markers. In the present study, the haemostatic markers D-dimer, von Willebrand factor (VWF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and tissue plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex (t-PA/PAI-1 complex) were associated with risk of myocardial infarction after adjustment for established risk factors and the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Furthermore, the addition of eight haemostatic and inflammatory markers could improve the predictive ability for future myocardial infarction beyond that of a model utilizing only established risk factors. Established risk factors and novel biomarkers were explored as potential mediators of the reduced risk of myocardial infarction related to active commuting. A combination of established risk factors, haemostatic and inflammatory markers appeared to explain a substantial proportion (40%) of the difference in risk for myocardial infarction between active commuters and car commuters. IL-6, t-PA, t-PA/PAI-1 complex, apo B/apo A-1 ratio, and BMI seemed to be the largest potential mediators when tested individually. In conclusion, regular physical activity such as active commuting is associated with reduced risk of a first-ever myocardial infarction. This effect could in part be mediated through a beneficial influence on haemostasis and inflammation, as well as a positive impact on established risk factors. Several haemostatic markers are associated with risk of myocardial infarction independent of established risk factors and inflammatory markers. The combination of haemostatic and inflammatory markers may enhance predictive ability beyond established risk factors. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that snuff use increases the risk of myocardial infarction.

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26

Goutham, Mithun. "Machine learning based user activity prediction for smart homes." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595493258565743.

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27

Ribeiro, Leonardo Barros. "Ecologia comportamental de tropidurus Hispidus e Tropidurus Semitaeniatus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) em Simpatria, em ?rea de caatinga do nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17209.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoBR_TESE_Cap_II_III.pdf: 677404 bytes, checksum: 247b1251f8d1d16cb41bf4f8ec2f3c18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-19
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
This study evaluated the spatial, time and alimentary niches of Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus in sympatry in a caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, as well as their foraging and termoregulatory behaviors, the activity body temperature and their reproductive and fat body cycles. Monthly excursions, from October 2006 to May 2008, were conducted at the Ecological Station of the Serid? (ESEC Serid?), Serra Negra do Norte municipality, using specific methodology for investigation of the aforementioned objectives. The two species presented similarities in space niche use, mainly in rocky habitat, however they differed in vertical microhabitat use with T. hispidus using a larger vertical microhabitat range. In the dry season the time of activity of both species was bimodal. In the wet season T. semitaeniatus showed a unimodal activity period, while T. hispidus maintained an bimodal activity period. In terms of importance in the diet, to both species, Hymenoptera/Formicidae and Isoptera predominated during the dry season. In the wet season, although Hymenoptera/Formicidae had larger importance among the prey items, lizards opportunistically predated on Lepidoptera larvae, Coleoptera larvae/adults and Orthoptera nymphs/adults. The foraging intensity revealed differences between the species, mainly in the wet season, when T. semitaeniatus was more active than T. hispidus. The mean activity body temperature of T. semitaeniatus was significantly higher than that of T. hispidus. The thermoregulatory behavior showed that during the dry season T. hispidus and T. semitaeniatus spent more time in shade or under filtered sun. In the wet season, T. hispidus did not show differences in the amount of time spent among the light exposure locations, however T. semitaeniatus spent most of their time exposed to direct sun or filtered sun. The reproductive cicle of T. hispidus and T. semitaeniatus occurred from the middle of the dry season to the beginning of the wet season. In both species, female reproductive activity was influenced by precipitation, whereas males exhibited spermatozoa in their testes throughout the year, and their reproductive activity was not related with any of the climatic variables analysed. In the two species, the fat storage varied inversely with reproductive activity, and there was no difference in fat body mass between females and males. We concluded that the segregation between T. hispidus and T. semitaeniatus in this caatinga area occurs in vertical space use, in the largest vagility of T. hispidus in microhabitat use and larger range size of their alimentary xviii items. Additionally, significant seasonal differences in relation to the activity period, body temperature, and foraging and termoregulatory behaviors between these two Tropidurus species facilitate their coexistence.
Este estudo avaliou o uso dos recursos espacial, temporal e alimentar por Tropidurus hispidus e Tropidurus semitaeniatus em simpatria em uma caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, bem como seus comportamentos de forrageamento e termorregulat?rio, suas temperaturas corp?reas em atividade e seus ciclos reprodutivos e de gordura corp?rea. Excurs?es mensais, de outubro de 2006 a maio de 2008, foram realizadas ? Esta??o Ecol?gica do Serid? (ESEC Serid?), munic?pio de Serra Negra do Norte, com utiliza??o de metodologia espec?fica para a investiga??o dos objetivos acima mencionados. As duas esp?cies apresentaram similaridades no uso do nicho espacial, especialmente no h?bitat rochoso; contudo, elas diferiram no uso vertical do micro-h?bitat com T. hispidus usando uma faixa vertical maior do micro-h?bitat. Na esta??o seca o per?odo de atividade de ambas as esp?cies foi bimodal. Na esta??o chuvosa, a atividade de T. semitaeniatus mostrou um per?odo unimodal, enquanto T. hispidus manteve uma atividade bimodal. Em termos de import?ncia na dieta, para ambas as esp?cies, os Hymenoptera/Formicidae e Isoptera predominaram na esta??o seca. Na esta??o chuvosa ainda que os Hymenoptera/Formicidae continuaram a ter maior import?ncia entre os itens alimentares, os lagartos predaram oportunisticamente larvas de Lepidoptera, larvas/adultos de Coleoptera e ninfas/adultos de Orthoptera. A medida de intensidade de forrageamento revelou diferen?as entre as esp?cies, especialmente na esta??o chuvosa, quando T. semitaeniatus foi mais ativo do que T. hispidus. A temperatura corp?rea m?dia em atividade de T. semitaeniatus foi significativamente superior a de T. hispidus. O comportamento termorregulat?rio mostrou que, durante a esta??o seca, T. hispidus e T. semitaeniatus gastaram mais tempo expostos ? sombra ou sob sol filtrado. Na esta??o chuvosa, T. hispidus n?o mostrou diferen?as no tempo gasto entre os locais de exposi??o ? luz, contudo T. semitaeniatus esteve a maior parte de seu tempo exposto ao sol ou sob sol filtrado. A reprodu??o de T. hispidus e T. semitaeniatus ocorreu entre a metade da esta??o seca e o in?cio da esta??o chuvosa. Em ambas as esp?cies, a atividade reprodutiva das f?meas foi influenciada pela precipita??o, enquanto os machos apresentaram espermatoz?ides nos test?culos ao longo de todo o ano, e sua atividade reprodutiva n?o foi relacionada com nenhuma das vari?veis clim?ticas analisadas. O estoque de gordura corp?rea variou inversamente com a atividade reprodutiva nas duas esp?cies, e n?o houve diferen?a entre f?meas e machos quanto a massa dos corpos adiposos. Conclu?mos que xvi a segrega??o entre T. hispidus e T. semitaeniatus nesta ?rea de caatinga ocorre no uso vertical do espa?o, na maior vagilidade de T. hispidus na utiliza??o de micro-h?bitats e maior amplitude de tamanho de seus itens alimentares. Adicionalmente, diferen?as sazonais significativas em rela??o ao per?odo de atividade, temperatura corp?rea, e comportamentos de forrageamento e termorregulat?rio entre essas duas esp?cies de Tropidurus, possibilitam a coexist?ncia.

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Liedberg, Gunilla. "Women with fibromyalgia : Employment and daily life." Doctoral thesis, Linköping, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5184.

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Fenollosa, Artés Felip. "Contribució a l'estudi de la impressió 3D per a la fabricació de models per facilitar l'assaig d'operacions quirúrgiques de tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667421.

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Анотація:

La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.
La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de modelos personalizados. Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria, el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos. El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución. Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.

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Chin-Lan, Lai, and 賴金蘭. "Leisure time activity participation and job stress to physical and mental health among respiratory therapists." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61775784537721826069.

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碩士
國立台北護理學院
運動保健研究所
98
A primary purpose for this study is to understand about the correlation between respiratory therapists’ engagement in leisure activities, job stress, and their physical and mental health by surveying respiratory therapists at medical centers, regional hospitals, local hospitals, and basic-level respiratory care centers in northern Taiwan. Non-random sampling approach was adopted with respiratory therapists as the purposive subjects for the structural questionnaire. Totally 216 out of 230 copies of the questionnaire issued were collected, accounting for a collection rate of 94%. In terms of analysis, the SPSS for Windows 15.0 statistics package software was used to test and analyze the research hypothesis. Data were analyzed with statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and regression analysis. The study result shows that the respiratory therapists with different personal underlying variables differed from one another significantly in their engagement in leisure activities; the respiratory therapists with different personal underlying variables differed from one another significantly in job stress. Respiratory therapists with different personal underlying variables differed from one another significantly in their physical and mental health. The correlation between their job stress and their physical and mental health was significant; while their engagement in leisure activities and their job stress carried predictive power on their physical and mental health. Findings from this study can serve as reference for healthcare facilities at all levels in Taiwan in hopes of providing respiratory therapists with a comfortable in-house recreational environment and offering job stress counseling solutions dedicated to their employees. We encourage hospitals to periodically organize leisure activities for respiratory therapists, whereby employee bonding and team cohesion may be enhanced. Respiratory therapists are thus reminded of the importance of spending time actually participating leisure activities for substantial recreational effect. Some activities can reduce the job stress to further improve personal physical and mental health.

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Yu, Cheng-Wei, and 余正偉. "The Research of Participation of Citizen Leisure-Time Activity Under the Influence of Community General Build-Up." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91584402310373578700.

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Анотація:

碩士
大葉大學
事業經營研究所碩士在職專班
97
Taiwan is before and after lifting a curfew 1987, because politics, society, economy, etc. of various fields to become more and more democratization, pluralism, liberalization, the place or the folk independent consciousness resume gradually, such different fields as politics, society and economy, etc. have already had suitable achievements, January of 90 years (2001) for the improvement which adds the national income with also constant level, domestic Yu Min Guo Implement integrally it for week after stopping for two days, the changes of the transition, living type attitude, life style thereupon too of compatriot's social values, the cost and time which are participated in the recreation activity also increase with the sun hurriedly, it is important that the overall construction of recreation industry and living environment also shows. Foreign scholar Godbey ( 1994)Think ' recreation ' is a very important part, and happy to individual and the speech has obvious benefitting in the modern's life. Because people mood in life, work nervous and easy to lead to the fact psychological pressure. So, most persons expect that there can be more recreation environments and recreation activities in life, to express the step of solving working pressure, adjusting life, use to express and solve tense mood. World Economic Forum (WEF) Announce ' go sightseeing competitiveness report 2007 ', Taiwan for the first time ' go sightseeing the competitiveness index (Travel Tourism Competitiveness Index, TTCI) ' mark 4.82 of comparation and assessment, while accepting and comparing and assess the country in 124, rank the 30th, the 4th in Asia.

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Hubball, Harry Thomas. "The impact of an adult health education program on exercise self-efficacy and participation in leisure-time physical activity." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5072.

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Low participation in and poor adherence to regular exercise presents a major challenge for health promotion programs. A growing body of evidence suggests that health education programs that are developed using the principles of Bandura’s (1986) Self—Efficacy Theory have shown success in maintaining a variety of health related behaviors. Exercise behavior however, is often more time consuming and requires more effort than most other health related behaviors, thus it remains to be seen whether adult health education programs which are intended to develop exercise self—efficacy, will indeed increase participation in, and adherence to regular exercise. After reviewing the available literature, an adult health education program was developed by the researcher that combined the principles from Bandura’s (1986) theoretical model of Self- Efficacy, with concepts and intervention strategies drawn from the literature in adult education, health education and exercise psychology. Green and Kreuter’s (1991) Precede-Proceed framework, an outcome—based health education planning model was used for the planning, implementation and evaluation processes of this adult health education program in a community setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the intervention program on exercise self—efficacy and the participation in leisure-time physical activity at the end of the five week program and at the end of a five week follow-up period. Thirty nine female residents from U.B.C. Acadia Park family housing were recruited for this study. The subjects were matched and paired and then randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Both groups received a five week program of nine, ninety minute sessions. The experimental group received a program that focused on the self-regulation of exercise behavior and the control group received a traditional health education program based on standard health information. It was hypothesized that the experimental group would participate more frequently in exercise, and have higher exercise self—efficacy on completion of the five week program, and at the end of the five week follow-up period. The participation in exercise was measured using the 7—Day Recall Exercise Behavior Questionnaire (Godin and Shephard 1985) and exercise self—efficacy was assessed using the Exercise Self— Efficacy Scale (Marcus et al. 1992). The data were analyzed using a two way analysis of variance, group (two) by time (three) factorial design with repeated measures on the second factor for each dependent variable. In addition, Green and Kreuter’s (1991) Proceed evaluation framework was used to describe how learning was applied following the intervention program. The quantitative analysis indicated that the experimental group participated in a significantly higher frequency of exercise and had significantly higher levels of exercise self— efficacy at the end of the five week program and at the end of the five week follow-up period than the control group (p<0001). The Proceed evaluation revealed that the participants differed in their understanding of the self-regulatory strategies, their adaptation of these strategies, previous experience with exercise motivation, stages and rates of exercise adoption, personal resources and perceived power, social support, and perceived exercise self-efficacy. The hypotheses were supported by the results of this study and suggest that a health education program that is based on Bandura’s (1986) theory of self- efficacy and that focuses on the self—regulation of exercise behavior is effective for increasing and maintaining leisure- time physical activity.

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葉自翔. "The Effect of Stakeholder Participation on ERP Success: The Mediating Role of ERP Use Activity and End-Users' ERP Identity." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64995465597100312187.

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Spurlock, Pualani. "Association between participation in a university personal physical fitness course on leisure-time physical activity and stage of change in college women." 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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"Assessing the impacts of social media use and online news seeking on political knowledge, efficacy, trust, and participation among university students in China." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549051.

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現代信息技術，以其多元、快速的優勢使人們對中國的民主抱以樂觀的態度。公民參與是一個健康的民主制度的核心要素，如何促進公民的政治參與一直是政治參與研究領域的焦點問題。在互聯網時代，尤其是社交媒體的出現，其廉價、方便、互動性的技術優勢大大增加了政治參與的可行性。大學學生是“互聯網一代“和中國知識分子的代表。因此，了解他們的社會媒體使用行為如何影響其政治知識、政治感知和政治行為、對於認識未來中國的政治變革是重要的。本研究提出“社交媒體使用“及“在線新聞使用“兩個概念，並以此視作政治參與和民主實踐研究範疇下的新討論焦點。
本研究主要探討以下問題：（1）大學生通過何種渠道在線獲取新聞;（2）大學生使用不同的媒體平台獲取新聞的情況如何；（3）在線新聞使用同傳統新聞媒體使用之間的關係如何;（4）計算機能力，互聯網自我效能感，在線和離線新聞使用，社交媒體使用，政治知識，政治效能，政治信任和政治參與等核心變量之間的關係；以及（5）計算機能力，互聯網自我效能感，在線和離線新聞使用，社交媒體使用之於政治知識、政治感知和政治參與的相對重要性。
本研究採用定量的研究方法。研究的主體是對中國大陸在校大學本科及研究生進行問卷調查；調查前，焦點小組輔助研究結構建立與問卷設計。問卷調查採用多階層整群抽樣的方法，在北京抽取了兩所“elite工程“大學，在長春及杭州各抽取一所非“elite工程“大學的學生參與，樣本數量為624人。研究結果顯示，當中97.4% 的受訪者均使用互聯網獲取新聞。因子分析結果顯示，中國內地大學生主要經由三種信息渠道在線獲取新聞，分別是海外新聞渠道、社交媒體渠道，以及官方新聞渠道。不同信息渠道的使用者其政治常識、政治效能和政治信任亦有所區別。同時，本研究還發現傳統新聞同網絡新聞的使用之間存在互補的關係。
研究結果顯示，人口學變量超越社交媒體和在線新聞使用兩個變量對中國內地大學生的政治認知及政治知識的形成發揮最重要的作用。研究還發現社交媒體和在線新聞在促進線上和線下政治參與方面具有很大潛力。結論部分將詳述本研究的貢獻與實踐意義。
Citizen participation is a core element of a healthy democracy, and what facilitates citizens’ political activities has long been a central interest in political participation research. In the age of the Internet, especially with the appearance of social media, political participation is greatly facilitated by technology that makes information inexpensive, accessible, and interactive. Modern information technology, with its pluralism and fast speed, has made people optimistic about democracy. University students represent the Net generation and intellectuals in China; therefore, understanding how their social media use affects political knowledge, perception, and participation is valuable, to bring political change to China in the future.
Expanding the line of previous research, this study aims to address the question of the democratic implications of social media use and online news seeking from the vantage point of how individuals seek news online and how such use may be related to several key indications of individuals’ engagement in political life as citizens. Specifically, this study examines (a) the sources through which university students seek news online; (b) to what degree university students in China use different media platforms to seek news; (c) how online news seeking is related to its offline counterpart; (d) the relationships among computer competence, Internet efficacy, online and offline news seeking, social media use, political knowledge, political efficacy, political trust, and political participation; and (e) the relative influence of technological attributes, social media use, and online and offline news seeking on political attributes and political participation.
In this study, we used quantitative questionnaire surveys among university students. The questionnaire surveys were based on a stratified cluster sampling of two elite universities in Beijing and two ordinary universities in Changchun and Hangzhou. The final sample consisted of 624 university students, of whom 97.2% had used online news. Factor analysis identified three major sources of online news seeking among university students: official sources, overseas sources, and social media sources. Adopting these sources seems to affect students’ political knowledge, perception, and participation differently. Also, the supplement effect was found between online and offline news seeking.
Results also showed that demographics, rather than social media use and online news seeking, have the most power to predict political perception and knowledge among Chinese university students, and online news seeking and social media use have great potential in facilitating political engagement online and offline. How the social media use and online news seeking change the mode of state-society interactions and expands forms of political engagement are also discussed.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Zheng, Pei.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references.
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
摘要 --- p.iii
致謝 --- p.iv
List of Tables and Figures --- p.4
Chapter Chapter 1 --- : Introduction --- p.1
Research Methods --- p.9
Main Contents of Each Chapter --- p.10
Chapter Chapter 2 --- : Literature Review --- p.12
Internet as a Public Sphere --- p.13
Technology between State and Society --- p.15
History of Technology Empowerment Since Modern China --- p.15
Political Control over the Internet --- p.16
Internet Empowerment of Society --- p.20
Political Participation --- p.23
Offline Political Participation --- p.24
Online Political Participation --- p.25
Social Media Use, and Offline and Online News Seeking --- p.27
Social Media Use and Political Participation --- p.27
Online News Seeking --- p.29
Offline News Seeking vs. Online News Seeking --- p.32
Computer Competence and Internet Efficacy --- p.33
Computer Competence --- p.33
Internet Efficacy --- p.35
Political Knowledge --- p.37
Political Efficacy --- p.38
Political Trust --- p.42
Chapter Chapter 3 --- : Research Methods --- p.57
Questionnaire Survey --- p.57
Sampling procedure and survey participants --- p.57
Final sample profiles --- p.62
Pilot tests --- p.64
Measures --- p.64
Internet efficacy. --- p.64
Computer competence. --- p.65
Social media use. --- p.65
Online news seeking. --- p.66
Offline news seeking. --- p.67
Political efficacy. --- p.68
Political knowledge. --- p.69
Political trust. --- p.70
Political participation. --- p.70
Demographics. --- p.71
Analytical Procedure --- p.72
Chapter Chapter 4 --- : News Seeking Behaviors --- p.73
Online News Seeking --- p.73
News Consumption Online vs. Offline --- p.76
Relationship Between Online and Offline News Seeking --- p.76
Chapter Chapter 5 --- : Assessing Factors Influencing Political Participation --- p.79
Linking Social Media Use and Online News Seeking to Political Attributes. --- p.79
Linking Computer Competence, and Internet Efficacy to Social Media Use 1.1 and Online News Seeking --- p.84
Computer competence --- p.84
Internet efficacy --- p.85
Linking Online News Seeking, Political Knowledge, Political Efficacy, 1.1 Political Trust and Political Participation --- p.87
Political knowledge --- p.87
Political efficacy --- p.88
Political trust --- p.89
Research questions --- p.90
Predicting Political Knowledge, Efficacy and Trust --- p.91
Predicting Political Participation --- p.97
Chapter Chapter 6 --- : Discussion and Conclusion --- p.102
Contributions of This Study --- p.102
Complementary effect of offline and online news --- p.102
Three sources of online news seeking --- p.104
Potential of social media use and online news seeking to promote 1.1.1 online political participation --- p.107
Political attributes: Demographic determined. --- p.108
Offline political participation: After the Internet, before democracy --- p.110
Limitation and Suggestions for Future Research --- p.114
Reference --- p.117
Glossary --- p.135

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36

CHEN, MEI-HUI, and 陳美惠. "The Relationship between Participation in Leisure Time Activity and Physical as well as Moral Health of the Elementary School Teachers in Kaohsiung and Pingtung Area." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90919415515238519901.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立屏東教育大學
體育學系碩士班
95
The Relationship between Participation in Leisure Time Activity and Physical as well as Moral Health of the Elementary School Teachers in Kaohsiung and Pingtung Area Abstract The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the participation in leisure time activity and physical as well as moral health for the elementary school teachers in Kaohsiung and Pingtong area. The study adopted the survey method and proceeded to collect the research data by using the questionnaires of “Elementary School Teacher’s Participation in Leisure Time Activity and Their Physical and Moral Health.” The questionnaire is sent out to 929 teachers, 831 teachers fill it out, among which 815, or 88% are valid. The data is analyzed through SPSS for Window 10.0. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe method and Pearson correlations were used to analysis the collected data. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Leisure time activity that the teachers are willing to take part in, by different degree of interest, are entertainment, art and literature, science and nature , exploration and sport. The teachers will obtain, first of all, a sense of achievement, then physical health and anxiety, and finally melancholy. 2. The factors of gender, age, tenure of teaching, martial status, the number of children and monthly income have distinct influence on elementary school teachers’ participation in leisure time activity. In addition, the factors of gender, age, tenure of teaching, education, marital status, the number of children and monthly income have distinct influence on their physical and moral health. 3. The participation of the elementary school teachers in leisure time activity has positive relationship with their physical and moral health.

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37

Saxena, Shobhit. "Multiple Discrete-Continuous Choice Models with Flexible Specification of Constraints, Utility Forms, and Stochastic Distributions: Applications in Travel Behavior Research." Thesis, 2022. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5822.

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Econometric choice models have been widely used in travel behaviour research to understand human activities, time-use, mobility choices, consumption, and related preferences. Most research in this area had focused on analysing consumer choice of a single discrete alternative from a set of alternatives that are perfect substitutes of each other. In the past two decades, however, a stream of research has emerged to analyse consumer choice of potentially multiple discrete alternatives from a set of alternatives that are imperfect substitutes, along with the continuous choice(s) of “how much to consume?” of the chosen alternative(s). Such choice situations, referred to as multiple discrete-continuous (MDC) choices, are pervasive in travel behaviour research. For example, the most widely analysed MDC choices arise in the context of individuals’ daily time-use, where an individual can potentially participate in multiple activities in a day and allocate the fixed time available in the day to perform those activities. Among the methods used to analyse such MDC choices, the random utility maximization (RUM)-based models have gained traction and resulted in numerous empirical applications in the context of time-use, vehicle ownership and usage, and recreational travel. This dissertation advances the fields of RUM-based MDC choice modelling and travel behaviour research in the following directions: (a) formulation of new models to analyse and forecast MDC choices by introducing greater flexibility in the constraints faced by consumers and flexible stochastic specifications to represent consumers’ utility functions, (b) enhancing current understanding of the properties of state-of-the-art MDC choice models with flexible utility forms, and (c) application of the newly formulated models to understand time-use patterns of non-working adults in Los Angeles region of California, time-use patterns of commuters in major metropolitan cities of India, and tourism travel expenditures of domestic vacation travellers in India. The specific methodological contributions of the dissertation are as follows: (A) A new model formulation to analyse MDC choices at a disaggregate-level, including the number of instances (aka, episodes) different alternatives are chosen and the amount of consumption at each instance of choice, while also accommodating logical constraints across different instances of consumption of an alternative; (B) A new model formulation to accommodate alternative-specific upper (and lower) bounds on consumptions, and the extension of this formulation to the above-mentioned analysis of disaggregate, episode-level consumption; (C) Enhanced understanding of the properties of MDC choice models with alternative utility functional forms, which led to: (a) analytic derivations of the distributions of demand functions arising from a specific class of MDC choice models with linear utility functions, and (b) guidelines on what type of MDC choice formulations to use for modelling different types of consumption patterns; and (D) A new model formulation to accommodate non-IID (not-independent and not-identically distributed) stochastic specifications in MDC choice models with flexible utility functional forms. The substantive contributions of the dissertation are as follows: (A) Application of the newly proposed MDC choice formulations to analyze individuals’ daily activity participation and time allocation decisions at an episode level, while considering episode-level upper and lower bounds on time allocation to different activities – for an empirical analysis of non-working individuals’ time-use in Los Angeles, California; (B) Application of the proposed MDC choice formulations to understand the determinants of expenditure allocations of Indian domestic tourists on their leisure trips – toward identifying strategies for enhancing domestic tourism revenue in India; and (C) Application of MDC choice models to understand the differences in time-use patterns between commuting women and men in major metropolitan cities of India, with a focus on gender differences in the impact of commute duration on their time-use patterns. The above-mentioned empirical applications augmented the extensive simulation experiments conducted in the dissertation to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed MDC choice formulations. Specifically, the analysis of Californian non-workers’ time-use helped demonstrate the benefits of episode-level time allocation models and those that accommodate bounds on time allocation – in terms of improved understanding of time-use, statistical fit, and xii prediction performance – over the traditional MDC choice models. The analysis of Indian tourists’ expenditures (on their leisure trips) and Indian commuters’ daily time-use helped verify the properties of MDC choice models with linear utility functions. The empirical analysis of Indian tourists’ expenditure patterns offered insights that can potentially be used to device strategies toward increasing revenue for the tourism and hospitality industry. The empirical analysis of Indian commuters’ time-use patterns brought to light notable differences in the time-use patterns of working women and men in India. Importantly, this analysis highlighted the need for policies aimed at addressing working women’s time poverty issues exacerbated by their commute.

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38

Satishchandra, Divya. "Adolescent substance use and participation in out-of-school time interventions." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38682.

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Adolescent consumption of alcohol, marijuana and tobacco is a significant problem that affects youth of all demographic groups and can have lasting, damaging impacts into adulthood. Furthermore, it is a complicated issue, with many social and economic risk factors. The focal mediator for adolescent substance use, in this paper, is unsupervised time in the period immediately following school. Across the United States, millions of young people are left unsupervised between the hours of 3pm and 6pm, which elevates the risk for consumption of substances. For this reason, implementation of afterschool programming (ASP) to provide supervised and developmentally enriching activities for youth is a promising strategy for reducing substance use. Another reason for using ASPs to prevent substance use behavior is the theory of alternate reinforcers, which emphasizes the protective nature of alternative, substance free activities in reducing the motivation for consuming substances. There are many different models for afterschool programs, however the three models examined here are the Positive Youth Development (PYD), the Sequenced Active Focused Explicit (SAFE) model, and the Empowerment model. Each of these approaches emphasizes a different element of the afterschool setting, either philosophy, practices for delivery and specific program content, respectively; however, there are common features to all three. The goal of this study was to identify the strongest model for an afterschool program with the goal of reducing substance use among adolescents and to identify potential reasons for its success. Through an extensive review of literature on this topic, it became clear that there are strengths to each model, and each showed evidence for reductions in substance use behavior following program participation. The most effective ASP model, then, will likely be a combination of these three approaches. Continued research will be necessary to examine programs that combine strategies, and more resources are required to increase the scale of ASP to enhance their benefits.

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39

Lamondia, Jeffrey. "A behavioral framework for tourism travel time use and activity patterns." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1679.

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American households spend over $30 billion on tourism and take over 177 million long-distance leisure trips each year. These trips, and the subsequent vehicle miles traveled, have a significant impact on the transportation systems at major destinations across the country, especially those destinations that are still improving their transportation systems. Surprisingly, not much is known related to this type of travel. This dissertation expands the current knowledge of tourism travel behavior, in terms of how people make decisions regarding long-distance leisure activities and time use. Specifically, this dissertation develops and comprehensively examines a behavioral framework for household tourism time use and activity patterns. This framework combines (and builds upon) theory and methods from both transportation and tourism research fields such that it can be used to improve tourism demand modeling. This framework takes an interdisciplinary approach to describe how long distance leisure travelers allocate and maximize their time use across various types of activities. It also considers the many levels of tourism time use and activity patterns, including the structuring the broad annual leisure activity and time budget, forming individual tourism trips within the defined budget, and selecting specific activities and timing during each distinct tourism trip. Subsequently, this dissertation will additionally apply the time use and activity participation behavioral framework to four critical tourism research topics to demonstrate how the tourism behavioral framework can effectively be used to provide behavioral insights into some of the most commonly studied critical tourism issues. These application topics include household participation in broad tourism travel activities, travel parties’ tourism destination and travel mode selection, individuals’ loyalty towards daily and tourism activities, and travel parties’ participation in combinations of specific tourism trip activities. These application studies incorporate a variety of data sources, decision makers, study scales, situation-appropriate modeling techniques, and economic/individual/environmental factors to capture all aspects of the decision and travel activity-making process.
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40

Skochová, Jana. "Tělesná zdatnost a pohybová aktivita dětí 4. - 5. tříd základních škol v Otrokovicích." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312955.

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TITLE Physical fitness and Movement activity of children in Otrokovice AIM: The main aim of this Dissertation thesis is to ascertain the physical fitness level of children in Primary school in Otrokovice. The next task is to find out if athletic children attending some of the sport clubs which are offered by Otrokovice town. Further we inquire in which of the three schools are children the most physically able bodied and also we look into if the physical above-average children do the sport more often than the children physical below-average. So far we are interested whether the performances of above-average children have a lower amount subcutaneous fat than the performances of below-average children. METHOD: The data for this Dissertation thesis is generated through empirical quantitative research.This research was carried out under standardised conditions minimizing the outside influence (gymnasium). The Focus groups for this research are school-boys and school-girls from primary schools in Otrokovice. RESULTS: From the measuring results of the chosen sample shows, that more than half of the tested groups achieved below-average values in the motor tests. Than was found out that 85 percent of persons being tested do sport once until three-times per week. The most favourite sports are aerobic and...

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41

Wang, Xin-Yu, and 王心瑜. "A multiple discrete–continuous analysis of activity type choice and time use on weekdays." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c6dmr7.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立臺中科技大學
流通管理系碩士班
107
This research aims to investigate the analysis of activity type choice and time use on weekdays by the multiple discrete continuous extreme value model. Assuming the existence of satiation effects, this study estimated the model with the specification of socio-demographic and activity characteristics. This study compares those proposed models by criteria of likelihood ratio index, Akaike Information Criterion, and Bayes Information Criterion. The result shows that model with heterogeneous saturation effect owns a well explanatory power.The results indicate that the important variables affecting the choice of activity type include male, age, personal monthly income, household monthly income, retirement/ housewife , household population, pick-up demand, number of children in elementary/junior high school; and the important variables affecting time use include women, elderly, occupational status, pick-up demand. In the aspect of activity type choice and time use, women spend more time at shopping than men, and elderly spend more time shopping activities than other age groups. On the whole, the time use of work activity for occupational group of retail, transportation, and restaurant spend more time than other occupations. In terms of the model implication, women and elderly will spend more time on shopping activities, so it is recommended to plan for the shopping area for these two groups.

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42

"The built environment, activity space, and time allocation: An activity-based framework for modeling the land use and travel connection." THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL, 2007. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3272808.

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43

Rubenstein, Brandon S. Bruce Jacklyn A. Flanagan Constance A. "The contribution of a summer camping program to participation aspirations for a youth's use of leisure time." 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-3036/index.html.

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44

Bernardo, Christina. "An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/20007.

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This thesis examines the time-use patterns of adults in dual-earner households with and without children as a function of several individual and household socio-demographics and employment characteristics. A disaggregate activity purpose classification including both in-home and out-of-home activity pursuits is used because of the travel demand relevance of out-of-home pursuits, as well as to examine both mobility-related and general time-use related social exclusion and time poverty issues. The study uses the Nested Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value (MDCNEV) model, which recognizes that time-decisions entail the choice of participating in one or more activity purposes along with the amount of time to invest in each chosen activity purpose, and allows generic correlation structures to account for common unobserved factors that might impact the choice of multiple alternatives. The 2010 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data is used for the empirical analysis. A major finding of the study is that the presence of a child in dual-earner households not only leads to a reduction in in-home activity participation but also a substantially larger decrease in out-of-home activity participation, suggesting a higher level of mobility-related social exclusion relative to overall time-use social exclusion. To summarize, the results in the thesis underscore the importance of re-designing work policies in the United States to facilitate a reduction in work-family conflict in dual-earner families.
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45

Michael, Fady. "A time-use compositional analysis of the association between movement behaviours and depressive symptoms in young adults." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25692.

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Contexte: La dépression chez les jeunes est un problème de la santé publique croissant. L’activité physique (AP), les comportements sédentaires (CS) et le sommeil représentent des facteurs de risque modifiables des symptômes dépressifs. La compréhension de comment le temps passé quotidiennement dans l'ensemble de l'AP, des CS et du sommeil est associée aux symptômes dépressifs peut éclairer les interventions qui aident à prévenir les symptômes dépressifs chez les jeunes adultes. Objectifs: Ce mémoire vise à estimer l'association entre la proportion de temps sur une période de 24 heures alloué à l’AP d’intensité modérée à vigoureuse (APMV), la marche, les CS et le sommeil, et les symptômes dépressifs chez les jeunes adultes. Il vise à estimer le changement des symptômes dépressifs avec la réaffectation du temps entre les comportements. Méthodes: Les données de l'étude Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT), une étude longitudinale en cours qui a recruté 1294 élèves de 7e année dans 10 écoles secondaires à Montréal, au Canada, ont été utilisées. Les données pour ce projet ont été collectées à 20 et 24 ans à l'aide de questionnaires auto-rapportés. Une analyse compositionnelle a été effectuée. La taille de l'effet de l'association a été estimée par un modèle de réaffectation du temps. Résultats: Aucune association statistiquement significative a été observée entre les proportions de temps passé en APMV (p = 0,273), la marche (p = 0,861), le CS (p = 0,723) et le sommeil (p = 0,948) et les symptômes dépressifs chez les jeunes adultes. La réaffectation de 15 minutes d’APMV aux CS est associée à une augmentation de 3% des symptômes dépressifs. La réaffectation de 15 minutes de CS à l’APMV est associée à une réduction de 1% des symptômes dépressifs. Cependant, ces changements étaient également non significatifs. Conclusion: Le temps alloué à l'APMV, la marche, les CS et le sommeil n’étaient pas associés aux symptômes dépressifs chez les jeunes adultes. La réaffectation du temps entre les comportements de mouvement a entraîné des changements non significatifs des symptômes dépressifs. Ces résultats devront être vérifier avant de formuler des recommandations.
Background: Depression among youth is a growing public health burden. Physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviours (SB) and sleep are modifiable risk factors for depressive symptoms. Understanding how the interplay between the mix of time spent in daily in all of PA, SB and sleep is associated with depressive symptoms may inform interventions that help prevent depressive symptoms in young adults Objectives: This thesis aims to estimate the association between the proportion of time spent during a 24-hour period in each of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), walking, SB and sleep, and depressive symptoms in young adults. It also aims to estimate change in depressive symptoms with the reallocation of time across movement behaviours. Methods: Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study, an ongoing longitudinal study that recruited 1294 7th grade students in 10 secondary schools in Montreal, Canada. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires at ages 20 and 24. PA, SB and sleep were analyzed using time-use compositional analysis. Effect size of the association was estimated using a compositional time reallocation model. Results: There was no statistically significant association between the proportion of time spent in MVPA (p=0.273),walking (p=0.861), SB (p=0.723) or sleep (p=0.948) and depressive symptoms in young adults. There was 3% increase in depressive symptoms with reallocation of 15 minutes from MVPA to SB and 1% reduction in depressive symptoms with reallocation of 15 minutes from SB to MVPA. However, these changes were similarly non-significant Conclusion: Time-use in MVPA, walking, SB and sleep overall was not associated with depressive symptoms in young adults in our study. Reallocating time between movement behaviours resulted in minimal non-significant changes in depressive symptoms. Replication is needed before our findings can be translated to recommendations.

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46

Lai, Hui-Miao, and 賴惠妙. "The Study of the Time Use Pattern, Leisure Constraints and Leisure Participation of Females’ Different Marital Status - Comparing the Differences between Single, Married, Divorced, and Widowhood Women." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29778178424449479619.

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碩士
大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
102
This study applied the qualitative approach to discuss the time usage pattern, leisure activity participation and leisure constraints for women with four kinds of different marital status. This study referred major and related theory to be the foundation of interview outline. There were twelve women that single, married, divorced or widowed with snowball sampling interviewed with three or more times. The main findings were concluded as followings: 1. The time usage patterns were obviously different respected to different marital status. The living times, working times in household and free times would change with the family structures. Single women have loose family bounding while married women have to pay more passion for her family. Women lived with different numbers of family members and faced the different degree of economic pressures would have different time usage pattern as well as they have different occupations. 2. The leisure activity participations were obviously different with different marital status. The main activity in free time was watching television and web surfing for most women. They would like to go shopping, to have social activity with friends or family, to learn new knowledge, to have physical activity, to participate outdoor recreation as well. 3. The leisure constraints were obviously different with different marital status. For the single women, they have higher structural constraint than interpersonal constraint and intrapersonal constraint as well as women married with kids. Women married with no kids have higher interpersonal constraints than intrapersonal constraints. Divorced women have higher structural constraints than intrapersonal constraints. Widowed women have higher structural constraints than interpersonal constraints. 4. The working time and leisure time trade-off was different with the marital status. Most women like sedentary activities during their free time whether married or single. Most working women faced more structural constraints while planning their leisure activities. According to the interview results and findings, some suggestions were made for business, working women, the relevant agencies and future researchers.

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47

Liangruenrom, Nucharapon. "Trends and Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in the Thai Population." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40725/.

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To facilitate the development of effective public health programs and policies to increase physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour (SB) in Thailand, there is a need for comprehensive epidemiological evidence and a sound assessment of prevalence, trends, and factors associated with these behaviours. This PhD research therefore aimed to: 1) identify gaps in the available literature on PA and SB in Thailand; 2) determine the prevalence of PA and SB among Thai adults using the validated Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ); 3) summarise evidence on individual, social, environmental, and policy correlates of PA and SB in the Thai population; 4) develop criteria to classify the International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS) activities into sleep, SB, light-intensity PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA categories, based on expert assessment; and 5) establish trends in PA and SB and assess how correlates of these behaviours have changed among Thai adults over 15 years. To achieve the first aim, we conducted a systematic scoping review according to the Guidance for Conducting Systematic Scoping Reviews. To achieve the second aim, we conducted a secondary analysis of population-representative data from a Thai national survey. To achieve the third aim, we conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. To achieve the fourth aim, we conducted a Delphi study including 13 content experts. To achieve the fifth aim, trends and sociodemographic correlates of PA and SB in Thailand were examined using Thai national ICATUS-based surveys. Using time-use data from ICATUS allowed for treating PA and SB estimates as integrative parts of a time-use composition, to examine the new holistic 24-hour movement guidelines. Overall, Study 1 found that the interest in research on PA and SB in Thailand has grown in the past two decades. Major research gaps were found for measures and methodology used in previous studies and only limited evidence was found on SB. Findings from Study 2 show low prevalence of PA among Thai adults in 2015 and a declining trend in the prevalence of meeting the PA recommendation since 2004. A range of sociodemographic correlates of PA and SB in the Thai population were identified in Study 3. Study 5 found that more than half of Thai adults engaged in prolonged sitting over a 15-year period. These findings highlight the need of public health programs to promote PA and reduce SB in Thailand. Future interventions and policies to increase PA participation should focus particularly on girls, older women, young adults, urban residents, and those with low education. The interventions to improve self-efficacy for PA and lower perceived barriers for PA should be implemented among all agegroups. Future interventions to reduce SB are also needed among adults, particularly for males, older age groups, obese, and those with higher education. However, more studies are needed to provide a more complete picture of what factors are influencing PA and SB in the population; particularly among children, adolescents, older adults and at social, environmental and policy levels.

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