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Статті в журналах з теми "ACTIVE SOLAR STILLS"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Zulfiquar Naimuddin Ansari, Prakash Patel, Pallavi Agarwal,. "A Review of a New Advance Technique for Energy Consumption Management by Using Active Solar Still (Nano and PCM Material)." Harbin Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Harbin Engineering University 44, no. 6 (June 29, 2023): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jheu.v44i6.264.

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This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of active solar stills, a promising technology for sustainable water purification. Active solar stills utilize external energy sources and the sun's energy to evaporate and condense water, thereby removing impurities and producing clean drinking water. However, existing reviews on active solar stills have certain limitations. This review addresses these limitations through consistent experimental setups and meta-analyses. Additionally, the review takes a holistic approach, considering not only productivity and efficiency but also practicality, maintenance requirements, and economic feasibility. The use of phase change material (PCM) in solar stills is a potential approach to entrap the heat and reduce the losses. The review provides practical guidelines and recommendations for optimizing the performance and feasibility of active solar stills. By integrating these novel aspects, this review offers valuable insights to advance the understanding, implementation, and adoption of active solar stills as a sustainable water purification solution.

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2

Atia, Mona, M. El-Sharabasy, and M. Tawfik. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TWO DEFFERENT ACTIVE SOLAR STILLS." Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 735–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjar.2020.95909.

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3

Tiwari, G. N., Vimal Dimri, and Arvind Chel. "Exergetic analysis of passive and active solar stills." International Journal of Exergy 5, no. 3 (2008): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2008.018116.

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4

Hamadou, Osman Ali, and Khamlichi Abdellatif. "Optimizing an Active Solar still for Sea Water Desalination." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.985.

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Sea water desalination through solar radiation distillation process can achieve low cost and sustainable fresh water for remote dry areas. In conventional passive solar stills, the solar radiation passes through the transparent cover and supplies heat to sea water with limited back reflection. The evaporative heat transfer between the water surface and the glass cover produces the distillate by means of film type condensation at the inner surface of the glass cover. In order to enhance evaporation/condensation phase changes, active solar stills were introduced. In these last, saline water is circulated and put in contact with a heat source which supplies heat to the saline water. With this extra energy, the distillate productivity is increased. In this work, heat supply is assumed to be controlled such that the temperature at the inlet of the still can be adjusted through regulation of the circulating heat transfer fluid rate. Using a modelling based on uniform temperature in each still component, a set of ordinary differential equations was derived. The input variables comprised heat transfer fluid rate, inlet temperature as well as sea water rate and basin depth. Extensive parametric studies were performed after that and optimization of the distilled water yield and rate was discussed.

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5

El-Sebaii, A. A. "Effect of wind speed on active and passive solar stills." Energy Conversion and Management 45, no. 7-8 (May 2004): 1187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2003.09.036.

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6

Tiwari, G. N., S. K. Shukla, and I. P. Singh. "Computer modeling of passive/active solar stills by using inner glass temperature." Desalination 154, no. 2 (April 2003): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(03)80018-8.

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7

A. Jasim, Maryam, Omer K. Ahmed, and Yaser Alaiwi. "Performance of solar stills integrated with PV/Thermal solar collectors: A review." NTU Journal of Renewable Energy 4, no. 1 (May 26, 2023): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.56286/ntujre.v4i1.456.

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All Earth's life forms depend heavily on water. Despite the critical importance of fresh water in the modern world, water pollution caused by industry and increasing urbanization has significantly reduced the amount of pure water available on Earth. Changes in global climate and seasons also contribute significantly to the depletion of fresh water resources. Population growth over the past few decades has increased the demand for safe drinking water. Multiple water-borne diseases can result from drinking contaminated water, and depending on the level of pollution, this could even be fatal. There are several ways to purify polluted water, but solar distillation is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly option because it mimics the hydrological processes seen in nature and can be powered by the sun alone. Solar stills provide drinkable water and don't call for any special expertise to operate or maintain. An integrated PV/T solar still is a welcome solution for distant locations that already struggle with access to safe drinking water and dependable electricity. According to research, a passive solar still produced 2–5 kg/m2 of fresh water daily whereas an active solar still connected to a PV/T collector could produce 6–12 kg/m2 of fresh water daily. In this paper, we provide a complete investigation of the solar still coupling and PV module coupling levels at the moment.

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8

Singh, H. N., and G. N. Tiwari. "Monthly performance of passive and active solar stills for different Indian climatic conditions." Desalination 168 (August 2004): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.180.

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9

Samuel, Alinford, Josue Brizuela, Keh-Chin Chang, and Chun-Tin Lin. "Design and Investigation of an Effective Solar Still Applicable to Remote Islands." Water 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050703.

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Most remote islands are characterized by small populations, many of whom live under the poverty line, poor geographical accessibility and lack of electricity. As such, the solar still, which has a low capital cost, easy operation and less need of maintenance, is recommended to be used in remote islands possessing rich solar irradiance. Against this backdrop, the present study aimed to design and fabricate an effective solar still suitable for application in the remote islands with low freshwater sources but easy access to sea water and rich solar irradiance. Integrating a conventional passive double-slope solar still with an evacuated solar water heater, fins and wick material improves the heat transfer rate through the brine in the basin and increases effective evaporative surface area. Experiments were conducted using batch mode operation during the periods September to October 2021 for the passive solar stills and November 2021 for the active solar still. Experimental results reveal that the augmentation of fins, wicks and a solar water heater influences the overall distillate output of the solar still. The combined use of fins, wicks and a solar water heater increases the average daily productivity by 147% and the average daytime hourly productivity by 245% compared to the conventional passive solar still under similar average solar radiation levels. Using the present design, the active solar still under the solar environment of the testing location can provide 4.4 L of potable water per day. However, to achieve the minimum requirement of 7.5 L/day per person set by WHO, the present design should be modified by increasing the absorber area of the active solar still by 63% and adding eight more evacuated tubes to the solar water heater. The estimated cost per liter of potable water generated by the active (modified) solar still showed that bottled water sold in a typical remote county (Penghu) in Taiwan was 117–283% more expensive than the water generated by the still.

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10

Shukla, S. K., V. P. S. Sorayan, and S. K. Gupta. "Parametric studies of passive/active solar stills by using modified convective mass transfer relations." International Journal of Ambient Energy 25, no. 4 (October 2004): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2004.9674962.

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11

Kumar, Sanjeev, and G. N. Tiwari. "Optimization of collector and basin areas for a higher yield for active solar stills." Desalination 116, no. 1 (September 1998): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(98)00052-6.

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12

Z. A., Kamarulbaharin, Safie M.A, Azmi A.M, and Singh B.S.B. "Experimental Investigations on the Performance of a Single Slope Solar Still Coupled with Shallow Solar Pond under Malaysian Conditions." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.26 (November 30, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.26.22158.

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Water is important to life. Deprived of water, humans can only survive for a few days. Oceans offer unlimited supply of water but it could not be ingested by humans on account of its high salt content. Desalination using fossil fuels as an energy source is expensive and may harm the environment. On the other hand, solar energy which is renewable and environmentally friendly can be used as a cheaper alternative. This paper aims to investigate the performance of a single slope solar still coupled with shallow solar pond of different design parameters under Malaysian conditions. Results showed that the performance of stills coupled with shallow solar pond is better than the ones without. The active still with the steepest condenser tilt angle (20o) yielded the highest productivity of 119 ml of water as compared to the 3o tilt angle passive still (8.5 ml).

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13

Bansal, Sarthak, and Dharamveer Singh. "A Comparative Study of Active Solo and Dual Inclined Compound Parabolic Concentrator Collector Solar Stills Based on Exergoeconomic and Enviroeconomic." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 524–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47297.

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Abstract: The Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) is a uniform photovoltaic thermal (PVT) compound linked to solar photos (N) of water collectors called PVT-CPC Active Solar Filtration System Analysis. New Delhi Analysis is done for a solar filter system for a given particle size under weather conditions. We assess efficiency, system productivity, and life cycle cost analysis. The Thermal Model Life cycle cost efficiency (LCCE), designed for LCCE analysis, is considered the only and double-doubled effective PVT-CPC system for filtering solar energy recovery time. In this work, we need to analyze the appropriate points of the collector and extract the bulk of the system. Tests were performed on dual-solar and dual-inclined PVT-CPC operating systems with a single basin size and a water depth of 0.14 m, with yield on yearly basis, factor of energy payback, and efficiency of life cycle cost conversion analysis of 5.0%, 12.63%. Moreover, 22.21% is two times higher than the solo inclined system. In addition, the water return, one PVT-CPC, and two turns have been found to have a recovery time (EPT) with an interest rate of 5%. The solar filter system is 10.89% and 17.99% higher than the solo inclined photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator activated solar filter system, respectively. The above analysis concluded, we can confirm that the two bends are better than the active PVT-CPC system for solar filtering, which is the only inclination of the depth of 0.14 m in water based on daily based analysis. If depth of water 0.14 m is more significant, for basin size provided the performance of one inline is improved and is better than curved solar-powered filtering systems. The upgraded system lasts longer and can meet potable water and DC electricity on sunny commercial days.

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14

Viet Linh Le, Nguyen, Tri Hieu Le, Thi Minh Hao Dong, Van Vang Le, and Dinh Tung. "AUGMENTATION OF SOLAR WATER DISTILLER PERFORMANCE WITH PV/T." WATER CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/wcm.01.2021.46.52.

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Recently, due to global warming and urbanization, there are many major cities that may face the challenge of day zero next decades. Obviously, water is an indispensable component for maintaining life on the earth. Although portable water is required of the hour, the quantity of available freshwater is impacted significantly by sea-level rise and pollution from industrialization. As a consequence of the global water crisis, different methods for clean water production from brackish water have been studied and developed in practice, however, the solar distillation of water is the most economical and desirable approach due to this method utilize solar energy that is the environmentally friendly and economical resource. Over the last 15 years, the impressive price drop of the photovoltaic solar collector (PV/T) makes them popular and easy to access. As a result, the employment of PV/T in solar stills is emerging as a potential device for water distillation. Therefore, in this paper, an active solar distiller combined with a photovoltaic panel has been reviewed for improvement of the distillate yield and effectiveness of solar photovoltaic. This review work presents a variety of studies on various types of solar still (for example conventional solar still (CSS), double slope solar still (DSSS), stepped solar distiller, and cascade solar still) couples with different solar water collectors (such as flat plate collector (FPC) and evacuated tubes collector (ETC)) and solar photovoltaic modules. It is obtained that the hybrid PV/T active solar still improves the distillate yield, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency as compared to passive mode. The cooling method enhances the performance of the photovoltaic solar collector as well as the productivity of solar still. Moreover, the environmental economic estimation reveals that the solar still coupled with the PV/T mitigated considerably the amount of CO2. It can be stated that it is suitable to commercialize the hybrid PV/T active solar still for supplying not only electricity but drinking water also. Finally, this review paper also suggests the scope for the research in the future.

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15

Yusof, Mohd Fazly, Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol, Andrei Victor Sandu, Ali Riahi, Nor Azazi Zakaria, Syafiq Shaharuddin, Mohd Sharizal Abdul Aziz, et al. "Clean Water Production Enhancement through the Integration of Small-Scale Solar Stills with Solar Dish Concentrators (SDCs)—A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 5442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095442.

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The conventional solar still, as a water treatment technique, has been reported to produce water at a low working temperature where various thermal resistance pathogens could survive in their distillate. In this work, the reviews of previous research on the quality of water produced by passive solar stills and their productivities in initial basin water temperatures were first presented and discussed. The next review discussed some recent studies on the performances of small-scale solar stills integrated with SDCs (with and without sun-tracking systems (STSs)) to observe the operating temperatures from early hours until the end of operations, daily water yield, and cost per liter. Based on these findings, it was revealed that SDCs with STSs indicated an instant increase in the absorber water temperature up to 70 °C at the starting point of the experiments in which this temperature range marked the unbearable survival of the pathogenic organisms and viruses, particularly the recent SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, disinfection was also observed when the absorbers’ water temperature reached beyond the boiling point until the end of operations. This indicates the effectiveness of SDCs with STS in reflecting a large amount of sun’s rays and heat to the small-scale absorbers and providing higher operating absorbers temperatures compared to immobile SDCs. Daily productivities and costs per liter of the SDCs with STSs were found to be higher and lower than those of the other previous passive and active solar stills. Therefore, it is recommended that small-scale absorbers integrated with SDCs and STS can be used as a cost-effective and reliable method to produce hygienic pathogen-free water for the communities in remote and rural areas which encounter water scarcity and abundant annual bright sunshine hours.

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16

Lalitha Narayana, R., and V. Ramachandra Raju. "Experimental study on performance of passive and active solar stills in Indian coastal climatic condition." Frontiers in Energy 14, no. 1 (February 9, 2018): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11708-018-0536-4.

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17

Ayoobi, Ahmadreza, and Mahdi Ramezanizadeh. "An Exhaustive Review on a Solar Still Coupled with a Flat Plate Collector." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (November 8, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9744219.

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In recent years, producing energy and potable water has become a contemporaneous issue in all areas, especially in rural and remote areas. It is due to the limitation of fossil fuels in generating energy and the daily increase of potable water topic pollution due to various development activities in the industries. Gradually, the use of renewable energies has been suggested as far as humans focus on using these energies in various activities, which is gratis and accessible in more areas without having negative anthropogenic hazards. Solar radiation has an important position in renewable energies and has played a significant role in the desalination process due to the convenience in applying and abundance in the areas with potable water shortages. However, one of the active solar stills is the coupling of conventional solar still with a flat plate collector. In this type, a flat plate collector is used to raise the temperature of saline water which increases the productivity. In this research, the solar still coupled with a flat plate collector is reviewed as the active solar still and the affecting parameters on its performance and efficiency are discussed. First, a summary of working research and their research of flat plate collectors is reviewed to be more familiar with flat plate collectors, their details, and technology. Then, solar still coupled with a flat plate collector is extensively reviewed and discussed in detail. Four types of studies on solar still coupled with a flat plate collector were done, including energy analysis, exergy analysis, economic analysis, and productivity evaluation.

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18

Tripathi, Rajesh, and G. N. Tiwari. "Thermal modeling of passive and active solar stills for different depths of water by using the concept of solar fraction." Solar Energy 80, no. 8 (August 2006): 956–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2005.08.002.

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19

Taghvaei, Hamed, Hossein Taghvaei, Khosrow Jafarpur, Mehrzad Feilizadeh, and M. R. Karimi Estahbanati. "Experimental investigation of the effect of solar collecting area on the performance of active solar stills with different brine depths." Desalination 358 (February 2015): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.11.032.

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20

Taghvaei, Hossein, Hamed Taghvaei, Khosrow Jafarpur, M. R. Karimi Estahbanati, Mehrzad Feilizadeh, Mansoor Feilizadeh, and A. Seddigh Ardekani. "A thorough investigation of the effects of water depth on the performance of active solar stills." Desalination 347 (August 2014): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.05.038.

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21

Abd Elaziz, Mohamed, F. A. Essa, and Ammar H. Elsheikh. "Utilization of ensemble random vector functional link network for freshwater prediction of active solar stills with nanoparticles." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 47 (October 2021): 101405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101405.

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22

Njomo, D., R. Tchinda, and E. Kaptouom. "Heat and Mass Transfer From a Streaming Hot Saline Water in an Enclosure Partitioned by an Active Baffle." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2870918.

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Equations describing heat and mass exchanges in a closed cavity with hot saline water streaming on its base and partitioned by an externally cooled flat heat exchanger are numerically solved. The results obtained show that an increase of inlet saline water temperature or mass flow rate increases the heat and mass transfer between evaporation and condensation surfaces. Furthermore, external cooling of the condensation surface contributes significantly to the increase of these exchanges. Our theoretical analysis is in reasonably good agreement with experimental results published in the literature for the practical heat exchange fluxes encountered in solar stills.

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23

Adio, Saheed A., Emmanuel A. Osowade, Adam O. Muritala, Adebayo A. Fadairo, Kamar T. Oladepo, Surajudeen O. Obayopo, and Paul O. Fase. "Solar distillation of impure water from four different water sources under the southwestern Nigerian climate." Drinking Water Engineering and Science 14, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-14-81-2021.

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Abstract. The enormous problems caused by the scarcity of potable water and the transmission of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dracunculiasis, hepatitis, typhoid and filariasis in some parts of Nigeria have created a public health concern. Every day thousands of lives are lost due to contact with waterborne diseases. The insufficient medical resources available in developing countries are deployed towards the treatment of waterborne diseases that can easily be avoided if potable water can be made available. This study seeks to investigate the purification of four different water samples (namely water from flowing rivers, freshly dug well or groundwater, rainwater from the rooftops and heavily polluted dirty water) consumed by the people in the local community using a solar desalination method. A single basin solar still was constructed, and experimental studies were carried out to determine the influence of solar insolation and temperature variations on the yield of the distillate for both the passive and active solar stills tested. The quality of the distillate was tested by measuring the total dissolved solid (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) and later comparing it to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinkable water. The values obtained after desalination fall within the acceptable/tolerable range for TDS and EC, in accordance with the WHO standard for drinkable water. This analysis provides an indigenous distillation method to enhance the production of drinkable water at a low cost.

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24

Tuly, S. S., A. B. S. Ayon, Rakibul Hassan, Barun K. Das, R. H. Khan, and M. R. I. Sarker. "Performance investigation of active double slope solar stills incorporating internal sidewall reflector, hollow circular fins, and nanoparticle-mixed phase change material." Journal of Energy Storage 55 (November 2022): 105660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105660.

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25

Hassan, Hamdy. "Comparing the performance of passive and active double and single slope solar stills incorporated with parabolic trough collector via energy, exergy and productivity." Renewable Energy 148 (April 2020): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.10.050.

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26

Kumar, Sanjeev, and G. N. Tiwari. "Triple basin active solar still." International Journal of Energy Research 23, no. 6 (May 1999): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-114x(199905)23:6<529::aid-er500>3.0.co;2-r.

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27

Badran, Omar. "Theoretical Analysis of Solar Distillation Using Active Solar Still." International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2010): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5383/ijtee.03.02.009.

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28

Tiwari, G. N., and S. Sinha. "Parametric studies of active regenerative solar still." Energy Conversion and Management 34, no. 3 (March 1993): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(93)90136-x.

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29

Tiwari, G. N., Sanjay Kumar, P. B. Sharma, and M. Emran Khan. "Instantaneous thermal efficiency of an active solar still." Applied Thermal Engineering 16, no. 2 (February 1996): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-4311(95)00053-g.

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30

Kumar Mishra, Anil, Md Meraj, Gopal Nath Tiwari, Aziz Ahmad, and Mohd Zaheen Khan. "Parametric studies of PVT-CPC active conical solar still." Materials Today: Proceedings 46 (2021): 6660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.115.

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31

Ganesan, Karthikeyan. "Hybrid PVT Active Two Compartment Solar Still for improving performance of Solar PV and Enhance the productivity of Solar still." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 45, no. 2 (May 15, 2023): 5885–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2023.2200738.

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32

Hidouri, Khaoula, and M. Mohanraj. "Thermodynamic analysis of a heat pump assisted active solar still." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 154 (2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24047.

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33

Saeedi, F., F. Sarhaddi, and A. Behzadmehr. "Optimization of a PV/T (photovoltaic/thermal) active solar still." Energy 87 (July 2015): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.04.062.

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34

El-Sebaii, A. A., S. J. Yaghmour, F. S. Al-Hazmi, Adel S. Faidah, F. M. Al-Marzouki, and A. A. Al-Ghamdi. "Active single basin solar still with a sensible storage medium." Desalination 249, no. 2 (December 2009): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.02.060.

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35

Dev, Rahul, and G. N. Tiwari. "Characteristic equation of a hybrid (PV-T) active solar still." Desalination 254, no. 1-3 (May 2010): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.12.004.

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36

Pansal, Kamlesh, Bharat Ramani, Kishor kumar Sadasivuni, Hitesh Panchal, Muthu Manokar, Ravishankar Sathyamurthy, A. E. kabeel, M. Suresh, and Mohammad Israr. "Use of solar photovoltaic with active solar still to improve distillate output: A review." Groundwater for Sustainable Development 10 (April 2020): 100341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100341.

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37

Fang, Shibiao, Wenrong Tu, Lili Zhu, and Zhilin Sun. "Sunlight concentration effect analysis of lenses on single-slope solar still." Water Supply 18, no. 6 (January 16, 2018): 1888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.009.

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Анотація:

Abstract In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to monitor the productivity of a single-slope active solar still with three lenses and one mirror. The lenses and the mirror were proposed to be attached to a basin-type single-slope active solar still because of their concentration effect for sunlight. After 24-hour performance monitoring, a higher yield was observed in the new style of solar still as compared with the conventional single-slope still. The lenses refract and aggregate the sunlight from three side walls, and one mirror set on the back of the evaporator can avoid sunlight loss. Model-3 with three lenses produced about a 21.03% yield increment, and an extra 8.77% yield was observed by adding one mirror in Model-4. The yield of the proposed solar still could reach the maximum freshwater production through Model-4 (adding three lenses and one mirror) of 0.8 kg/m2.d on 1/8/2016. Compared with the traditional still, there was a 29.8% increment in yield through Model-4 at 0.15 m water depth, and the production reached its peak at about 16:00.

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38

Arslan, M. "Experimental investigation of still performance for different active solar still designs under closed cycle mode." Desalination 307 (December 2012): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.09.003.

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39

Kabeel, Abd-Elnaby, Hagar Mohamad, and Sarah Majeed. "Comparative Experimental Study Between Conventional Stepped Solar Still and an Active Stepped Solar Still Incorporated with a Water Circulation System." Journal of Engineering Research 3, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjeng.2019.125504.

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40

Sandeep, Sandeep, Sudhir Kumar, and Vijay Kumar Dwivedi. "Evaluating thermal performance of a basin type modified active solar still." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 72 (2017): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20647.

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41

Sampathkumar, Karuppusamy, and Palanisamy Senthilkumar. "PERFORMANCE OF AN ACTIVE SOLAR STILL COUPLED TO EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTOR." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 13, no. 2 (2014): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2014.038.

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42

Feilizadeh, Mansoor, M. R. Karimi Estahbanati, Mohammad Khorram, and Mohammad Reza Rahimpour. "Experimental investigation of an active thermosyphon solar still with enhanced condenser." Renewable Energy 143 (December 2019): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.013.

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43

Muthu Manokar, A., D. Prince Winston, Ravishankar Sathyamurthy, A. E. Kabeel, and A. Rama Prasath. "Experimental investigation on pyramid solar still in passive and active mode." Heat and Mass Transfer 55, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 1045–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2483-3.

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44

Hamadou, Osman Ali, and Khamlichi Abdellatif. "Modeling an active solar still for sea water desalination process optimization." Desalination 354 (December 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.019.

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45

Sandeep, Sudhir Kumar, and V. K. Dwivedi. "Experimental study on modified single slope single basin active solar still." Desalination 367 (July 2015): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2015.03.031.

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46

Singh, A. K., and G. N. Tiwari. "Design parameters of an active regenerative solar still: An experimental study." International Journal of Energy Research 17, no. 5 (July 1993): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4440170505.

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47

Rafeek, Mohamed Thalib Mohamed, Vimala Muthu, Muthu Manokar Athikesavan, Ravishankar Sathyamurthy, and Abd Elnaby Kabeel. "Experimental investigation of an active inclined solar panel absorber solar still—energy and exergy analysis." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 14005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16444-3.

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48

Manokar, A. Muthu, D. Prince Winston, Jayanta Deb Mondol, Ravishankar Sathyamurthy, A. E. Kabeel, and Hitesh Panchal. "Comparative study of an inclined solar panel basin solar still in passive and active mode." Solar Energy 169 (July 2018): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.04.060.

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49

Hamidi, Zety Sharizat, and N. N. M. Shariff. "Disturbances of Solar Eruption from Active Region AR1613." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 32 (April 2014): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.32.77.

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The paper describes an investigation of the solar radio bursts of spectral type III due to disturbances of the active region AR 1613. A solar flare occurred on 2012 November 15, between 2:00 UT to 3:30 UT. The sequence images from a burst from our site revealed that although the solar flare is considered moderate, it is still possible to obtain the solar burst type III in a single and group forms within one and half hour. It can easily produce misleading results in terms of non-thermal electron density and magnetic field strength. The burst is originated in the same active region of the solar corona. The C-6 level enhancement was detected in GOES 1.8 a soft X-ray. Based on the results, we suggest that radio wave source motion manifests the displacement of particle sites caused by plasma eruptions. Time variability in the emission may due to the changes in the electron density. The group and individual solar burst type III can be related to the distance travelled before an electron beam becomes unstable to Langmuir waves. In conclusion, the interactions non-thermal electron and magnetic trapping can influence the transporting of electrons and this is still a subject of interest of intense investigation.

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50

Hamidi, Zety Sharizat, and N. N. M. Shariff. "Disturbances of Solar Eruption from Active Region AR1613." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 32 (April 22, 2014): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-cpqf86.

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Анотація:

The paper describes an investigation of the solar radio bursts of spectral type III due to disturbances of the active region AR 1613. A solar flare occurred on 2012 November 15, between 2:00 UT to 3:30 UT. The sequence images from a burst from our site revealed that although the solar flare is considered moderate, it is still possible to obtain the solar burst type III in a single and group forms within one and half hour. It can easily produce misleading results in terms of non-thermal electron density and magnetic field strength. The burst is originated in the same active region of the solar corona. The C-6 level enhancement was detected in GOES 1.8 a soft X-ray. Based on the results, we suggest that radio wave source motion manifests the displacement of particle sites caused by plasma eruptions. Time variability in the emission may due to the changes in the electron density. The group and individual solar burst type III can be related to the distance travelled before an electron beam becomes unstable to Langmuir waves. In conclusion, the interactions non-thermal electron and magnetic trapping can influence the transporting of electrons and this is still a subject of interest of intense investigation.

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