Статті в журналах: "Active Phase Converter (APC)"

1

Jing, Wei, and Ran Ding. "Loss Analysis of Three-Level Active Neutral Point Clamped Converter under Fault Tolerance Operation." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.847.

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Compared with traditional three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter, the recently proposed three-level active NPC (ANPC) converter has the ability to overcome the unbalanced loss distribution, and therefore result in increased output power or switching frequency. In industrial applications, fault tolerance ability of power converters is very important considering system availability, safety and reliability. This paper introduced the control schemes to get stable and continuous output under single device fault for both open-circuit and short-circuit fault cases. By analyzing the phase relationship of reference voltage and load current, the loss calculation method under fault tolerant operation was proposed. Calculation results show that the devices junction temperatures under fault tolerant operation are within the safe operation area (SOA) even they are a little bit higher compared to normal operation, which also confirm the effectiveness of the fault tolerant control schemes.

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2

Reusser, Carlos A., and Hector Young. "Four-Level Quasi-Nested Inverter Topology for Single-Phase Applications." Electronics 10, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030233.

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In this paper, a novel four-level single-phase multilevel converter is introduced, consisting of six active switches arranged in a quasi-nested configuration. The proposed topology synthesizes its output voltage levels with respect to a floating neutral point, using four cascaded capacitors with identical voltage levels. The proposed converter contains a reduced number of components compared to the neutral point clamped (NPC) or active-NPC topologies (ANPC) for the same number of output voltage levels, since it does not require diode or active switch clamping to a neutral point. Moreover, no floating capacitors with asymmetric voltage levels are employed, thereby simplifying the capacitor voltage balancing. The switching operation principles, modulation technique and control scheme for supplying a single-phase resistive-inductive load are addressed in detail. The proposed four-level inverter allows generating an additional output voltage level with the same semiconductor count as conventional three-level inverters such as NPC and ANPC which allows a superior waveform quality, with a THDv reduction of 32.69% in comparison the clamped inverters. Experimental tests carried out in a laboratory-scale setup verify the feasibility of the proposed topology.

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3

Teston, Silvio Antonio, Kaio Vinicius Vilerá, Marcello Mezaroba, and Cassiano Rech. "Control System Development for the Three-Ports ANPC Converter." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 3967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153967.

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This paper proposes a control system for the single-phase Three-Ports Active Neutral- Point-Clamped (ANPC-3P) converter, which can inject a sinusoidal current into the grid, balance the neutral point voltage, and regulate the energy storage system (ESS) current with reduced low-frequency ripple. Despite other applications, ANPC-3P inverter can be used in grid-tied renewable generation to allow the simultaneous connection of a photovoltaic (PV) energy source and an ESS to the AC grid. The ESS is connected directly to the inverter circuit without any auxiliary DC-DC converter, but due to the DC bus pulsed power, it can be subjected to low-frequency current ripple. This undesired current ripple is difficult to filter and can lead to shorter battery life. A control system based on well-known controllers is analyzed and designed. Theoretical analysis is validated experimentally using a single-phase 1-kW prototype.

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4

Lara, Jorge, Lesedi Masisi, Concepcion Hernandez, Marco A. Arjona, and Ambrish Chandra. "Novel Five-Level ANPC Bidirectional Converter for Power Quality Enhancement during G2V/V2G Operation of Cascaded EV Charger." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 2650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092650.

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This paper presents a novel single-phase (SP) active-neutral point clamped (ANPC) five-level bidirectional converter (FLBC) for enhancing the power quality (PQ) during the grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation of an electric vehicle (EV) charger connected in series. This EV charger is based on a dual-active half-bridge DC-DC converter (DAHBC) with a high frequency isolation transformer. Unlike the comparable ANPC topologies found in literature, the proposed one has two more switches, i.e., ten instead of eight. However, with the addition of these components, the proposed multilevel converter not only becomes capable of properly balancing the voltage of the DC-link split capacitors under various step-changing conditions but it achieves a better efficiency, a lower stress of the switching devices and a more even distribution of the power losses. The resulting grid-tied ANPC-SPFLBC and DAHBC are accurately controlled with a cascaded control strategy and a single-phase shift (SPS) control technique, respectively. The simulation results obtained with MATLAB-SimPowerSystems as well as the experimental results obtained in laboratory validate the proposed ANPC-SPFLBC for a set of exhaustive tests in both V2G and G2V modes. A detailed power quality analysis carried out with a Fluke 43B alike demonstrates the good performance of the proposed topology.

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5

Ying, Zi. "Three-level ANPC rectifier loss calculation and balance control method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2561, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2561/1/012020.

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Abstract Traditional three-level neutral-point clamped converter has the problem of the uneven loss distribution, which restricts the increase of converter capacity. Three-level active neutral-point clamped (3L-ANPC) converter can reduce the imbalance of power device loss distribution. At present, three traditional SPWM modulation strategies are used in single-phase three-level ANPC modulation. Considering the loss distribution, it is generally required to input the current and voltage sampling values in real-time and calculate the temperature of the switching device online for control or collect the temperature of the switching device in real-time for feedback control, which is more complicated to realize. This paper proposes a modulation scheme based on two carrier cycles, combined with traditional SPWM1 and 2, to analyze the switching conditions and loss characteristics of each switching device in this scheme. The simulation of a single-phase three-level ANPC rectifier was built, and the experiment was carried out on the Yuankuan HIL semi-physical platform. The results show that this scheme is simple, easy to implement, and can effectively reduce the loss distribution imbalance.

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6

Liu, Xin, Nan Jin, Xijun Yang, Khurram Hashmi, Dianguan Ma, and Houjun Tang. "A Novel Single-switch Phase Controlled Wireless Power Transfer System." Electronics 7, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110281.

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Battery charging is a fundamental application of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems that requires effective implementation of Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV) power conduction modes. DC-DC converters used in WPT systems utilize large inductors and capacitors that increase the size and volume of the system in addition to causing higher DC losses. This work proposes a novel single-switch active rectifier for phase controlled WPT systems that is smaller in volume and weight as compared to conventional WPT topologies. The proposed method simplifies the control scheme using improved Digital Phase Control (DPC) and Analog Phase Control (APC) to realize the CC and CV power transfer modes. Furthermore, it prevents forward voltage losses in Silicon Carbide (SiC) switches and shoot through states with improved switching patterns. Simulation studies and experimental results are added to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

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7

Wang, Dong, Houquan Chen, Yunhui Huang, Xiangtian Deng, and Guorong Zhu. "Modeling and Stability Analysis of Weak-Grid Tied Multi-DFIGs in DC-Link Voltage Control Timescale." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143689.

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The DC-link voltage control (DVC) timescale (i.e., the frequency dynamics covering converter outer controls) instabilities in wind generation have gained increased attention recently. This paper presents DVC timescale modeling and stability analysis for multi doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) connected to weak AC grids. A reduced-order, small-signal model of a grid-tied multi-DFIG system, designed for DVC dynamics analysis, is firstly proposed. The model allows for the dynamic interactions among the DC-link voltage control, active power control (APC), terminal voltage control (TVC) and phase-locked loop (PLL). Eigenvalue and participation factor analyses are conducted to explore the potential instabilities and correlated critical factors for such a multi-machine system. The sensitivity studies find that instability can occur at high levels of power generations or low short-circuit ratio (SCR) conditions. In addition, the dominant mode is identified to be highly related to the PLL, and its modal damping is decreased when the bandwidths of PLLs in different generators are close. Detailed model-based time domain simulations verified the analysis above.

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8

Lv, Risheng, Qiang Fu, Liang Yin, Yuan Gao, Wei Bai, Wenbo Zhang, Yufeng Zhang, Weiping Chen, and Xiaowei Liu. "An Interface ASIC for MEMS Vibratory Gyroscopes with Nonlinear Driving Control." Micromachines 10, no. 4 (April 22, 2019): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10040270.

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This paper proposes an interface application-specific-integrated-circuit (ASIC) for micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory gyroscopes. A closed self-excited drive loop is employed for automatic amplitude stabilization based on peak detection and proportion-integration (PI) controller. A nonlinear multiplier terminating the drive loop is designed for rapid resonance oscillation and linearity improvement. Capacitance variation induced by mechanical motion is detected by a differential charge amplifier in sense mode. After phase demodulation and low-pass filtering an analog signal indicating the input angular velocity is obtained. Non-idealities are further suppressed by on-chip temperature drift calibration. In order for better compatibility with digital circuitry systems, a low passband incremental zoom sigma-delta (ΣΔ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is implemented for digital output. Manufactured in a standard 0.35 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the whole interface occupies an active area of 3.2 mm2. Experimental results show a bias instability of 2.2 °/h and a nonlinearity of 0.016% over the full-scale range.

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9

Jeong, Da-Woom, Soo-Yeon Kim, Sung-Jun Park, and Dong-Hee Kim. "Study on the Capacity of an Active Phase Controller for Autonomous Grid Connection." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081252.

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For the efficient power allocation of the distribution line, several studies on intelligent distribution management systems that enable connection or separation between distribution networks are being conducted. However, in case the systems are linked together and if the voltage and phase of each distribution network are different, uncontrolled circulating current and inrush current flow into the line. To resolve this, we introduced the active phase controller (APC) as a solution and performed an analysis using the capacity calculation method for the APC connected to each distribution network. When connecting lines between distribution networks, the phase of each contact was ensured to be the same. Specifically, the phase value compensated by each APC is different because the amounts of active power and reactive power to be controlled are also different. In this study, we analyzed the APC capacity according to the impedance state of the distribution line and calculated the APC output voltage for the phase matching of each distribution network at the connection point. As a result, the minimum design capacity of APC was derived; moreover, simulation results were used to validate the analysis.

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10

Liu, Jinxin, Liangdong Yang, Laihao Yang, Xingwu Zhang, and Xuefeng Chen. "Multiple-harmonic amplitude and phase control method for active noise and vibration reshaping." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 14 (April 19, 2017): 3173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317701662.

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With the development of active noise and vibration control technology, there are increasing demands for active noise and vibration reshaping (ANVR) other than cancellation in the fields of active sound quality control, psychoacoustics, medical devices, military equipment, etc. The active noise equalizer (ANE) is one of the most popular ANVR methods. However, the ANE only controls (scales) the amplitude of the residual noise without considering the control of phase, and is unable to control frequency components that are excluded in primary noise. In this paper, we propose a more general and effective algorithm, called amplitude and phase control (APC), for ANVR, which can control amplitude and phase, simultaneously, of any interesting frequency component of the residual noise. Firstly, a modified active noise equalizer (MANE) algorithm with improved convergence is proposed based on the reference amplitude normalization and structure modification. Then, the APC algorithm is derived based on the MANE algorithm. Furthermore, numerical simulations and analytical investigations of the APC algorithm are conducted. Finally, case studies using experimental data are carried out. The multiple-harmonic primary noise was measured from a rotor test-platform and the secondary path model was identified according to a random vibration test on a shell structure. The results further verify the validity and robustness of the proposed APC algorithm.

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11

Zhao, Tong, and Hai Fei Wu. "A Study on Multi-Input Multi-Output Active Noise Control System's Performance at Steady State." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.727.

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A method for determining whether a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) active noise control (ANC) system can reduce error signals around all sensors to zero at steady state was proposed. The method was converted to determine the solution of linear equations. Three different simulations were conducted to verify the theoretical analysis. Simulation shows that max estimation error of control signals is no greater than 1.87% in amplitude and 2.22 deg. in phase.

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12

Tan, Zhong Yih, Nadia Mei Lin Tan, and Ida Suzana Hussain. "Theoretical Analysis of a Three-Phase Bidirectional Isolated DC-DC Converter Using Phase-Shifted Modulation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp495-503.

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<span lang="EN-US">A three-phase bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter consists of two six-pulse two-level active converters that enable bidirectional power flow by introducing a lag phase-shift angle of one converter with respect to the other converter. This paper explains the operating modes of a three-phase bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter in detail, taking into account the transfer of energy between the dc voltage sources and high-frequency ac inductances in the three-phase bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter. The power flow of the dc-dc converter is also examined based on the operating modes.</span>

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13

Koneh, Norbert Njuanyi, Jae-Sub Ko, and Dae-Kyong Kim. "Simulations of the Comparative Study of the Single-Phase Shift and the Dual-Phase Shift-Controlled Triple Active Bridge Converter." Electronics 11, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 3274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203274.

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This paper presents a comparative study between the traditional phase shift (also referred to as the Single-Phase Shift (SPS)) and the Dual-Phase Shift (DPS) controlled Triple Active Bridge (TAB) converter. Being a multi-port DC-DC converter with flexible power flow control and characterized by high power density, the TAB converter is applicable in almost any situation where a DC-DC converter is needed. With the availability of multiple control schemes, this work highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the most employed control scheme used on the TAB converter, in comparison with the DPS control scheme that has so far been applied only on Dual-Active Bridge (DAB) converters. As an example, for a TAB converter with a 14 kW maximum power capacity, the work sees the comparison of the backflow power, the maximum possible current, the processed power at the different ports of the converter, the transformer voltage and current waveforms, and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Based on the results obtained, we found that the DPS-controlled TAB converter was more efficient when applied to the TAB converter compared to the traditional phase shift control algorithm.

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14

Yoon, Hyun-Joo, Anna Feoktistova, Jun-Song Chen, Jennifer L. Jennings, Andrew J. Link, and Kathleen L. Gould. "Role of Hcn1 and Its Phosphorylation in Fission Yeast Anaphase-promoting Complex/Cyclosome Function." Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, no. 43 (September 1, 2006): 32284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m603867200.

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The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a conserved multisubunit ubiquitin ligase required for the degradation of key cell cycle regulators. The APC/C becomes active at the metaphase/anaphase transition and remains active during G1 phase. One mechanism linked to activation of the APC/C is phosphorylation. Although many sites of mitotic phosphorylation have been identified in core components of the APC/C, the consequence of any individual phosphorylation event has not been elucidated in vivo. In this study, we show that Hcn1 is an essential core component of the fission yeast APC/C and is critical for maintaining complex integrity. Moreover, Hcn1 is a phosphoprotein in vivo. Phosphorylation of Hcn1 occurs at a single Cdk1 site in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of this site to alanine, but not aspartic acid, compromises APC/C function and leads to a specific defect in the completion of cell division.

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15

Lee, Dong-Min, Seung-Wook Hyun, Jin-Wook Kang, Yong-Su Noh, and Chung-Yuen Won. "A Control Strategy for Bidirectional Isolated 3-Phase Current-Fed Dual Active Bridge Converter." Electronics 7, no. 10 (September 23, 2018): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7100214.

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This paper examines the characteristics of the zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero voltage transition (ZVT) soft-switching applied in the 3-phase current fed dual active bridge (3P-CFDAB) converter, which combines the advantages of the dual active bridge (DAB) converter and current-fed full bridge (CFFB) converter. When an active clamp circuit is added to the CFFB converter, the circuit configuration of the DAB converter is shown in part of the entire circuit. This allows the use of pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques which combine the PWM techniques of both the DAB converter and CFFB converter. The proposed converter performs both duty and phase control at the same time in order to reduce the circulating current and ripple current of the output capacitor, which are the disadvantages of the CFFB converter and DAB converter. In addition, the ZVS and ZVT soft switching areas were analyzed by means of the phase current and leakage inductor current in each transformers. To verify the principle and feasibility of the proposed operation techniques, a simulation and experiment were implemented with the 3P-CFDAB.

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16

Adapa, Anil K., and Vinod John. "Active-Phase Converter for Operation of Three-Phase Induction Motors on Single-Phase Grid." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53, no. 6 (November 2017): 5668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2737398.

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17

Blahník, Vojtĕch, Zdenĕk Peroutka, and Jakub Talla. "Advanced Control Strategy for Single–Phase Voltage–Source Active Rectifier with Low Harmonic Emission." Journal of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2014-0018.

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Abstract This paper introduces the advanced control of single-phase voltage-source active rectifier. This control provide direct control of trolley-wire current and active damping of low-frequency disturbances at the converter ac side. Our proposed control strategy combines PR controller with feed-forward model and low-frequency harmonic compensator based on resonant controllers. Achieved experimental results show excellent converter behavior, where converter is fed by strongly distorted supply voltage.

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18

Havens, Courtney G., Alan Ho, Naohisa Yoshioka, and Steven F. Dowdy. "Regulation of Late G1/S Phase Transition and APCCdh1 by Reactive Oxygen Species." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 12 (June 15, 2006): 4701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00303-06.

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ABSTRACT Proliferating cells have a higher metabolic rate than quiescent cells. To investigate the role of metabolism in cell cycle progression, we examined cell size, mitochondrial mass, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in highly synchronized cell populations progressing from early G1 to S phase. We found that ROS steadily increased, compared to cell size and mitochondrial mass, through the cell cycle. Since ROS has been shown to influence cell proliferation and transformation, we hypothesized that ROS could contribute to cell cycle progression. Antioxidant treatment of cells induced a late-G1-phase cell cycle arrest characterized by continued cellular growth, active cyclin D-Cdk4/6 and active cyclin E-Cdk2 kinases, and inactive hyperphosphorylated pRb. However, antioxidant-treated cells failed to accumulate cyclin A protein, a requisite step for initiation of DNA synthesis. Further examination revealed that cyclin A continued to be ubiquitinated by the anaphase promoting complex (APC) and to be degraded by the proteasome. This antioxidant arrest could be rescued by overexpression of Emi1, an APC inhibitor. These observations reveal an intrinsic late-G1-phase checkpoint, after transition across the growth factor-dependent G1 restriction point, that links increased steady-state levels of endogenous ROS and cell cycle progression through continued activity of APC in association with Cdh1.

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19

Yau, Yeu-Torng, Kuo-Ing Hwu, and Jenn-Jong Shieh. "Minimization of Output Voltage Ripple of Two-Phase Interleaved Buck Converter with Active Clamp." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 5215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165215.

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A control technique combining pulse width modulation (PWM) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is presented herein to reduce the output voltage ripple of the converter as little as possible. Such a converter requires a two-stage cascaded structure. The first stage is the buck-boost converter, which is used to adjust the output voltage of the second power stage, whereas the second stage is the two-phase interleaved buck converter, which is used to reduce the output voltage ripple. In theory, the two phases of the second stage operate under the condition of individual duty cycles of 50% with a phase difference of 180° between the two, and hence, the currents in the two phases are cancelled for any period of time, thereby making the output voltage of the converter almost voltage-free. Moreover, in order to improve the overall efficiency further, the proposed soft-switching technique based on an active clamp is presented and applied to these two stages to render the main and auxiliary switches turned on with zero-voltage switching (ZVS). Finally, the operating principles and control strategies of the proposed converter are described, and then, their effectiveness is verified by experimental results.

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20

Gao, Shengwei, Hao Wang, and Kishor Tarafdar. "Phase shift control dual active bridge converter with integrated magnetics." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-204132.

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Traditional dual active bridge converters use transformer leakage inductance instead of energy storage inductors for magnetic integration, but this method cannot accurately control the leakage inductance. A phase shift control dual active bridge converter base on integrated magnetics is proposed, in which one transformer and one inductor are integrated in an EE core. The size of the inductance can be accurately controlled. The transformer and the inductor are decoupled and integrated so that the two operating states do not affect each other. The weight and volume of the magnetic elements are reduced accordingly. The finite element analysis and magnetic circuit simulation of the integrated magnetics are carried out. Finally, the integrated magnetics are designed and applied to the 600W prototype to realize bidirectional power transmission and a weight reduction is about 36.24% and a volume reduction is about 35.84%. The correctness of the design is verified by experimental results.

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21

Lin, Bor-Ren. "Phase-Shift PWM Converter with Wide Voltage Operation Capability." Electronics 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010047.

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A soft switching three-level pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter is presented for industrial electronics with wide voltage range operation, such as solar power or fuel cell applications. Phase shift PWM scheme is used on the input-side to accomplish the zero voltage turn-on on power switches and improve the converter efficiency. Three-level diode-clamp circuit topology is adopted in the presented circuit to lessen the voltage ratings on active devices for high voltage applications. Three sub-circuits with the different turns-ratio of transformers can be selected in the presented converter in order to achieve 10:1 (Vin,max = 10Vin,min) wide input voltage operation when compared to the conventional multilevel converter. The proposed circuit is a single-stage converter instead of two-stage converter to realize wide voltage operation. Therefore, the presented converter has less component counts. Finally, the design procedure and experiments with a 300W laboratory circuit are presented and discussed to confirm the circuit analysis and converter performance.

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22

Berger, Maxime, Ilhan Kocar, Handy Fortin-Blanchette, and Carl Lavertu. "Open-Phase Fault-Tolerant Operation of the Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 4 (April 2020): 3651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2933487.

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23

Ameer Noory, Zainab, and Raaed F. Hassan. "Performance Comparison of Five-Level Active Neutral Point Converter Based on Phase Disposition-PWM and Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition-PWM." ITM Web of Conferences 50 (2022): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20225003001.

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The work in this paper presents the performance analysis of the reduced component count converter which is the 5-Level Active Neutral Point Converter (5LANPC). This 5-level converter has been configured by stacking the traditional 3-Level Neutral Point Converter with the Flying Capacitor converter. Two types of control algorithms were considered and compared to explore the performance of the 5LANPC. The first algorithm was based on the Phase-Disposition-Pulse Width Modulation (PD-PWM), while the second one was based on the Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition-Pulse Width Modulation (APOD-PWM). These algorithms are used to determine the required voltage level and according to the required level the state of the switches is selected through a simplified voltage balance algorithm. This voltage balance algorithm deals with the redundant switching states to maintain the voltages of the 5LANPC capacitors at a specified level. The comparison between these two modulation strategies was performed by simulation based on MATLAB/Simulink package. Simulation results showed compelling outcomes involving the two techniques concerning the voltage and current characteristics, as well as the equilibrium in the capacitor voltages. By comparing the simulation results, it was found that the performance of the system is relatively better using the PD-PWM strategy.

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24

Narasimha, S., and Surender Reddy Salkuti. "An improved closed loop hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge converter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1169-1178.

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In this paper, a new closed loop hybrid phase shift control is proposed for dual active bridge (DAB) converter with variable input voltage. The extended phase shift (EPS) control is applied when load gets heavy enough and the secondary side phase shift angle decreases to zero. When this modified DAB converter operates at light loads, the triple phase shift (TPS) modulation method is applied, and the added control freedom is the secondary phase shift angle between the two-secondary side switching legs. The hybrid phase shift control (HPS) scheme is a combination of EPS and TPS modulations, and it provides a very simple closed form implementation for the primary and secondary side phase shift angles. Depending on the application by changing the phase shift angles we can achieve Buck or Boost operation. A characteristic table feedback control method has been used for closed loop operation. By using 1D look up table the proposed DAB converter provides constant 400V for any given input voltage.

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25

Qiu, Mingjie, Ping Wang, Huakun Bi, and Zhishuang Wang. "Active Power Decoupling Design of a Single-Phase AC–DC Converter." Electronics 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2019): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080841.

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The second-order ripple power of single-phase converter causes second-order ripple voltages on the DC bus. For eliminating second-order ripple components, passive power decoupling methods including DC bus electrolytic capacitors have some shortcomings, such as low power density and poor stability of converters. Thus, an active power decoupling method based on a single-phase converter is proposed in this paper. The control method, taking single-phase voltage source pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier (single-phase VSR) as the basic converter and adopting a buck-boost power decoupling circuit, introduces second-order ripple of DC bus voltage into a power decoupling circuit. The ripple acts as compensation of the phase deviation between the command value and the actual value of the second-order ripple current. Therefore, estimation of the second-order ripple current is more accurate, the power decoupling circuit absorbs the second-order ripple power behind the H-bridge more completely, and the DC bus voltage ripple is effectively suppressed accordingly. Finally, experimental results of the single-phase VSR are given to verify the validity of the proposed method.

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26

Lei, Tao, Zicun Lin, Xiaobin Zhang, and Longchun Li. "Application of Thermal Balance Phase-Shift Control Strategy to Dual-Active-Bridge DC-DC Converter." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 36, no. 6 (December 2018): 1129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20183661129.

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Анотація:

With the development of the more/All electrical aircraft technology, the dual active bridge converter has been applied to the energy storage device to realize the bidirectional power flow in aircraft electrical system. The power loss of power device in DAB converter affects the operational life of the device and the reliability of the converter. So it is an important performance index to keep the temperature balance for power device in DAB converter. In this paper, the operational mode of dual active bridge bidirectional DC-DC converter in extended-phase-shift (EPS) control is analyzed and verified by experiment, find the reasons for difficult to achieve soft-switching under light load conditions, then proposes a novel thermal balance phase-shift control strategy on the basis of EPS. Experimental methods in this paper are alternation control mode and temperature feedback control mode. The thermal image and temperature was analyzed. The efficiency curve was plotted. The switching waveform was observed. the thermal balance was achieved to verify the effectiveness. and finally achieves the goal for improving the converter efficiency, reduces the devices heat stress, improves the reliability of the DAB converters and increases device lifetime.

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27

Gonçalves, José Teixeira, Stanimir Valtchev, Rui Melicio, Alcides Gonçalves, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Hybrid Three-Phase Rectifiers with Active Power Factor Correction: A Systematic Review." Electronics 10, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131520.

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The hybrid three-phase rectifiers (HTR) consist of parallel associations of two rectifiers (rectifier 1 and rectifier 2), each one of them with a distinct operation, while the sum of their input currents forms a sinusoidal or multilevel waveform. In general, rectifier 1 is a GRAETZ (full bridge) (can be combined with a BOOST converter) and rectifier 2 is combined with a DC-DC converter. In this HTR contest, this paper is intended to answer some important questions about those hybrid rectifiers. To obtain the correct answers, the study is conducted as an analysis of a systematic literature review. Thus, a search was carried out in the databases, mostly IEEE and IET, and 34 papers were selected as the best corresponding to the HTR theme. It is observed that the preferred form of power distribution in unidirectional hybrid three-phase rectifiers (UHTR) is 55%Po (rectifier 1) and 45%Po (rectifier 2). For the bidirectional hybrid three-phase rectifiers (BHTR), rectifier 1 preferably takes 90% of Po and 10% of Po is processed by rectifier 2. It is also observed that the UHTR that employ the single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) or VIENNA converter topologies in rectifier 2 can present sinusoidal input currents with low total harmonic distortion (THD) and high Power Factor (PF), even successfully complying with the international standards. The same can be said about the rectifier that employs a pulse-width (PWM) converter of BOOST topology in rectifier 2. In short, the HTR are interesting because they allow using the GRAETZ full bridge topology in rectifier 1, thus taking advantage of its characteristics, being simple, robust, and reliable. At the same time, the advantages of rectifier 2, i.e., high PF and low THD, are well used. In addition, this article also points out the future direction of research that is still unexplored in the literature, thus giving opportunities for future innovation.

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28

Guo, Xin, and Hai Peng Ren. "Robust Variable Structure Control for Compound Active-Clamp Three-Phase PFC Converter with Soft Switch." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.610.

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Анотація:

Compound active clamping three-phase Boost PFC converter with soft-switch has a good potential application because of its high power factor, high efficiency and simple structure. The mathematical model of this converter is analyzed. A variable structure control method with the robustness item is proposed for the control of this converter, in order to overcome the shortcoming of the existing method, when the converter parameters changes. The time-varying boundary layer is used to smooth the control discontinuity. Simulation is performed using PSIM and MATLAB hybrid simulation method. The results indicate that the proposed method possesses not only better transient and steady state performance under the nominal parameters, but also better robustness under the parameter perturbations, compared with the traditional PI control and the former variable structure control without the robustness item.

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29

Choi, Hyun-jun, Won-bin Lee, and Jee-hoon Jung. "Practical Controller Design of Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge Converter for Low Voltage DC Distribution System." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 2101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122101.

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In a low voltage DC (LVDC) distribution system, isolated bi-directional DC-DC converters are key devices to control power flows. A three-phase dual-active-bridge (3P-DAB) converter is one of the suitable candidates due to inherent soft-switching capability, low conduction loss, and high-power density. However, the 3P-DAB converter requires a well-designed controller due to the influence of the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of an output filter capacitor, degrading the performance of the 3P-DAB converter in terms of high-frequency noise. Unfortunately, there is little research that considers the practical design methodology of the 3P-DAB converter’s controller because of its complexity. In this paper, the influence of the ESR on the 3P-DAB converter is presented. Additionally, the generalized average small-signal model (SSM) of the 3P-DAB converter including the ESR of the capacitive output filter is presented. Based on this model, an extended small-signal model and appropriate controller design guide, and performance comparison are presented based on the frequency domain analysis. Finally, experimental results verify the validity of the proposed controller using a 25 kW prototype 3P-DAB converter.

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30

D., Sasireka, and Esakki Muthu Pandi A. "Soft Switching of Phase Shifted Full Bridge DC-DC Converter." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 1 (2015): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.311530.

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Анотація:

Phase shifted full bridge dc-dc converter circuit is presented in this paper. The circuit used for soft switching. Auxiliary cell is connected parallel to the full bridge converter part to achieve softness. The auxiliary cell consist of an active switches, a resonant inductor, a resonant capacitors and coupled winding derived from centre tapped transformer. The auxiliary switches are activated in proper interval to ensure the zero voltage switching to the main switches of converter. The auxiliary circuit create zero voltage switching without any change in voltage/current rating of main switches.

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31

Srirattanawichaikul, Watcharin. "A generalized switching function-based SVM algorithm of single-phase three-leg converter with active power decoupling." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 6189. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6189-6201.

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In this paper, a generalized switching function-based space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm is presented and evaluated to minimize the dc voltage utilization and the ac utility grid current total harmonic distortion. This paper explores the control and modulation techniques of a single-phase three-leg converter with an active power decoupling method, where a generalized SVM algorithm is proposed and evaluated for easy implementation in a digital control platform. The active power decoupling method with the proposed converter can be achieved via dependent control and modulation techniques. The control method is separated into the ac active power control part and the dc power ripple control part, which can maintain a unity power factor at the ac utility grid and reduced the double-frequency ripple power effect on the dc-side. Simulation results validate the performance of the modulation algorithm and its control and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed power converter, as well as the two mentioned operation modes of the power converter.

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32

Adapa, Anil K., and Vinod John. "Reduced Rating Active Phase Converter for Three-Phase Induction Generator Based Single Phase Grid-Tied Systems." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 57, no. 1 (January 2021): 694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.3028294.

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33

Ohnuma, Yoshiya, and Jun-ichi Itoh. "Development of Buck-Type Single-Phase to Three-Phase Power Converter with Active Buffer." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 130, no. 4 (2010): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.130.526.

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34

Wu, Deliang. "Isolated Bridgeless PFC Converter Based on Active-Clamped SEPIC." CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2022.00022.

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Анотація:

A new isolated bridgeless PFC converter based on active-clamped SEPIC is proposed. Compared to conventional active-clamped SEPIC PFC converter, the proposed converter reduces conduction loss by removing two diodes in the line current path, while preserving the advantages of the active-clamped SEPIC such as zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and active voltage clamp for all the high frequency switches, soft turn-off of the output diodes and well damped control-to-input-current response. In addition, the peak voltage stress on the output diode is inherently clamped by the center-tapped transformer configuration. Experimental results from a 3.3 kW prototype verified the operation of the converter and demonstrated peak efficiency of 97.26% with 140 kHz switching frequency. The power density of the single-phase PFC module is 101 W/in3.

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35

Väisänen, Vesa, Jani Hiltunen, and Raimo Juntunen. "Phase Drift Phenomenon in Dual Active Bridge Converter – Analysis and Compensation." International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE) 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/iree.v10i1.5207.

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36

Hiltunen, Jani, Vesa Vaisanen, Raimo Juntunen, and Pertti Silventoinen. "Variable-Frequency Phase Shift Modulation of a Dual Active Bridge Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 30, no. 12 (December 2015): 7138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2390913.

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37

Haghbin, Saeid, Frede Blaabjerg, and Amir Sajjad Bahman. "Frozen Leg Operation of a Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 34, no. 5 (May 2019): 4239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2865092.

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38

Buticchi, Giampaolo, Davide Barater, Carlo Concari, and Giovanni Franceschini. "Single‐phase series active power filter with transformer‐coupled matrix converter." IET Power Electronics 9, no. 6 (May 2016): 1279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0443.

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39

Xuan, Zhang, Huang Shenghua, and Ning Guoyun. "A Three-phase Dual Active Bridge Bidirectional ZVS DC/DC Converter." Physics Procedia 24 (2012): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.02.022.

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40

Li, Yuzhuo, Hao Tian, and Yun Wei Li. "Generalized Phase-Shift PWM for Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Multilevel Converter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, no. 11 (November 2020): 9048–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2956372.

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41

Ma, Zhengyu, Huihui Han, and Terri Finkel. "T cells autonomously disengage from Functionalantigen presenting cells after entering the G1 phase of cell cycle (P5089)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 129.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.129.9.

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Анотація:

Abstract Activation of naïve T cells requires prolonged engagement with antigen presenting cells (APCs). Once activated, however, T cells need to disengage from the APC, exit lymphoid organs, and migrate to the site of infection to fulfill their functions. Although much has been learned about how T cells stop and engage antigen-bearing APCs, it remains unclear how the interaction between T cell and APC ends. It has been generally assumed that T cell disengagement is a result of diminished antigen presentation by APCs or upregulation of certain chemokine receptors by T cells. Here, using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells presenting antigens at a constant level, we demonstrate that T cell disengagement from APC is autonomous and independent of antigen presentation by APCs or exogenous chemokines. The motility of T cells gradually increases over time and T cells start to disengage from APCs before the T cell enters the S phase of the cell cycle. Using phase-specific cell cycle blockers, we confirmed that entering the G1 phase is required for T cell disengagement of APC. Our study suggests that T cells actively end interaction with APCs as soon as they are committed to cell division. This active disengagement may contribute to the efficiency of immune responses by making the APC available to other T cells and by initiating early migration to sites of infection. Our results also suggest a mechanism that links cell cycle control with the actin network driving T cell motility and migration.

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42

Nguyen, Duy-Dinh, Ngoc-Tam Bui, and Kazuto Yukita. "Design and Optimization of Three-Phase Dual-Active-Bridge Converters for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010150.

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In this paper, design and optimization method of a three-phase dual-active-bridge DC/DC converter is discussed. Three single phase transformers connected in star-star configuration were designed with large leakage inductance aiming to eliminate the need for external inductors. Switching frequency, peak flux density, number of turns, number of layers, etc., were optimized using non-linear programming technique for minimizing the overall converter loss. Experimental results on a 10 kW prototype show that the optimized converter can operate efficiently an efficacy of up to 98.65% and a low-temperature rise of less than 70 degrees Celsius on both transformers and semiconductor devices.

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43

Guo, You Gui, Ping Zeng, Li Juan Li, Jie Qiong Zhu, Wen Lang Deng, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Modeling and Control of Grid Side Converter in Wind Power Generation System Based on Synchronous VFDPC with PLL." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1917.

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Virtual flux oriented direct power control (VFDPC) is combined space vector modulation (SVM) with PI of DC-link voltage, active power and reactive power to control the grid side converter in wind power generation system in this paper. VFDPC has reached good performances with PLL (phase lock loop). First the mathematical models of grid side converter, LCL filter and phase lock loop are given. Then the control strategy of grid side converter-based wind power generation system is given in detail. Finally the simulation model is modeled consisting of power circuits, such as the grid side converter, LCL filter, transformer grid, and control parts, such as PI controllers of DC-link voltage, active power, reactive power, and SVM, and so on. The simulation results have verified that the control strategy is feasible to fit for control of gird currents, active power, reactive power and DC-link voltage in wind power generation system.

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44

Ai, Xiaorui, Dongsheng Zuo, and Ye Zhang. "Modeling and Simulation of Dual-Active-Bridge Based on PI Control." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2221, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2221/1/012007.

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Abstract Dual-active-bridge (DAB) is a DC/DC converter,which is commonly used in solid-state-transformer (SST) and electric vehicle (EV).In order to obtain the expected output voltage,the converter needs to be modeled and controlled.Firstly,the working modes in different time intervals of the switching cycle under single-phase-shift (SPS) modulation are analyzed,and the mathematical models of output voltage,current stress and phase-shifting duty cycle are constructed.Then,the simulation model is built on Simulink,and the PI controller is used for closed-loop voltage control,The accuracy of the mathematical model is verified.

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45

Sosnowski, Robert, Maciej Chojowski, and Marcin Baszyński. "An Analysis of a Transformerless Dual Active Half-Bridge Converter." Power Electronics and Drives 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2022-0011.

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Abstract This paper proposes a transformerless dual half-bridge converter (TLDAHB). By eliminating the transformer and harnessing the possibility of using a low inductor value, it is possible to minimise the size of the converter. A phase-shift pulse width modulation will result in a wide controlled voltage gain of the converter and operation as buck and boost. The theoretical topology analysis, simulation, and experimental results are presented. Theoretical analysis consists of analysis of power transfer and design. In case of experimental research, particular attention was paid to power transfer and efficiency analysis. Near zero switching transient of voltage in the half-bridge topology results with high efficiency.

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46

Irniger, S., and K. Nasmyth. "The anaphase-promoting complex is required in G1 arrested yeast cells to inhibit B-type cyclin accumulation and to prevent uncontrolled entry into S-phase." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 13 (July 1, 1997): 1523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.13.1523.

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Inactivation of B-type cyclin dependent kinases due to ubiquitin-mediated cyclin proteolysis is necessary for the exit from mitosis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, proteolysis is initiated at the onset of anaphase and remains active until Cln1 and Cln2 cyclins appear in late G1 of the subsequent cell cycle. A large particle called the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) which is composed of the TPR proteins Cdc16p/Cdc23p/Cdc27p and other proteins is required for B-type cyclin ubiquitination in both anaphase and during G1 phase. The APC has an essential role for the separation of sister chromatids and for the exit from mitosis, but until now it was unclear whether the persistence of APC activity throughout G1 had any physiological role. We show here that the APC is needed in G1 arrested cells to inhibit premature appearance of B-type cyclins and to prevent unscheduled initiation of DNA replication. When pheromone arrested cells of cdc16 and cdc23 mutants were shifted to the restrictive temperature, they underwent DNA replication in the presence of pheromone. DNA replication also occurred in a G1 arrest induced by G1 cyclin (Cln) depletion, indicating that mutant cells with a defective APC initiate DNA replication without the Cln G1 cyclins, which are normally needed for the onset of S-phase. Degradation of Clb2p, Clb3p and Clb5p depends on the APC. This suggests that accumulation of any one of the six B-type cyclin proteins could account for the precocious replication of cdc16 and cdc23 mutants.

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47

Kim, Min-Soo, Do-Hyun Kim, Dong-Keun Jeong, Jang-Mok Kim, and Hee-Je Kim. "Soft Start-Up Control Strategy for Dual Active Bridge Converter with a Supercapacitor." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 4083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164083.

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Анотація:

Renewable energy needs are steadily on the rise. Bidirectional DC/DC converters are essential in charging and discharging various storage batteries, such as PV/ESS (photovoltaic/energy storage system). A dual active bridge (DAB) converter, in particular, transfers power in both directions by phase shift using a soiled state transformer (SST). To reduce switching inrush current in batteries under high voltages, a soft start-up is demonstrated during the initial switching operation. When a supercapacitor (SC) is used as a battery, the reverse power caused by the inrush current appears under high voltage at the DC-link side. This causes serious electrical damage to the PV/ESS’ boost converter and inverter. To suppress peak overshoot voltage and stabilize soft start-up transients, we propose a three-step soft start-up controller and algorithm for bidirectional DAB converter implementation at virtual ESS and UPS. The step-by-step control strategy by OLDC (open loop duty control), OLPSC (open loop phase shift control), and OLFC (open loop frequency control) provides a stable soft start-up operation. In the initial stage of the OLDC, the duty ratio is gradually increased by the PWM (Pulse width modulation) signal. In the middle stage, a phase difference is seen as per the voltage of the SC. The OLPSC is performed to reduce the phase difference. In the final stage, the OLFC is performed to smoothly control the small phase difference. The overshoot or inrush current is drastically suppressed toward the DC-link and SC module. Consequently, we demonstrate a proposed controller and algorithm with prototype 5 kW DAB converter.

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48

Tanaka, Toshihiko, Shigeyuki Funabiki, and Masafumi Nakazato. "An Active-Passive Capacitor-Commutated Converter for HVDC Systems with a Three-Phase Voltage-Source PWM Converter." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 123, no. 11 (2003): 1253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.123.1253.

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49

Tanaka, Toshihiko, Shigeyuki Funabiki, and Masafumi Nakazato. "An active-passive capacitor-commutated converter for HVDC systems with a three-phase voltage-source PWM converter." Electrical Engineering in Japan 151, no. 1 (2005): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.20030.

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50

Lauri, Andrea, Tommaso Caldognetto, Davide Biadene, Hossein Abedini, and Paolo Mattavelli. "Per-Phase Power Controller for Smooth Islanded Transitions in Three-Phase Three-Wire Systems." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020672.

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Анотація:

This manuscript describes the operation of a droop-based controller for three-phase converters in the case of the absence of a neutral connection to the grid. The controller is capable of output power tracking and smooth transitions into the islanded operation. While independent per-phase control of the converter output power is possible if a neutral connection is present, its absence implies additional constraints to be considered. Focusing on this latter case, the controller described herein allows the independent control of the active power at the output of each phase of the converter and a smooth transition to the islanded operation. These features are paramount in future smart power systems, such as smart microgrids, for implementing demand–response, power-flow management, and uninterrupted power operation.

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