Книги: "Action algorithms"

1

Killingbeck, J. P. Microcomputer algorithms: Action from algebra. Bristol, England: Adam Hilger, 1991.

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2

Pintér, J. Global optimization in action: Continuous and Lipschitz optimization--algorithms, implementations, and applications. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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3

Quadflieg, Sven, Klaus Neuburg, and Simon Nestler, eds. (Dis)Obedience in Digital Societies. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457634.

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Algorithms are not to be regarded as a technical structure but as a social phenomenon - they embed themselves, currently still very subtle, into our political and social system. Algorithms shape human behavior on various levels: they influence not only the aesthetic reception of the world but also the well-being and social interaction of their users. They act and intervene in a political and social context. As algorithms influence individual behavior in these social and political situations, their power should be the subject of critical discourse - or even lead to active disobedience and to the need for appropriate tools and methods which can be used to break the algorithmic power.

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4

Biryulin, Vladimir, Aleksey None, Dar'ya Kudelina, Oleg Larin, and Anton Tancyura. Relay protection and automation systems elektroenergeticheskim. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058880.

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The manual includes basic information about the element base of relay protection and automation, principles of operation and circuit implementation of various types of relay protection and automation systems, algorithms of calculation of parameters of the action of relay protection and automation. Designed for students in specialty "power and electrical engineering", as well as professionals involved in the design and operation of relay protection and automation of electric power systems.

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5

Kuo, Sen M. Active noise control systems: Algorithms and DSP implementations. New York: Wiley, 1996.

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6

Algoritmy preobrazhenii︠a︡: Psikhologii︠a︡ vokalʹno-st︠s︡enicheskogo perevoploshchenii︠a︡. Moskva: Kirillit︠s︡a, 2005.

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7

Juang, Jer-Nan. Deadbeat predictive controllers. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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8

Juang, Jer-Nan. Recursive deadbeat controller design. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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9

Meyer, George. Dynamic forms. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1997.

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10

Meyer, George. Dynamic forms. Moffett Field, Calif: NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1993.

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11

Meyer, George. Dynamic forms. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1997.

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12

Varlamov, Oleg. 18 examples of mivar expert systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1248446.

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Many years of research on mivar technologies of logical artificial intelligence have allowed us to create a new powerful, versatile and fast tool, which is called "multidimensional open gnoseological active net" — "multidimensional open gnoseological active net: MOGAN". This tool allows you to quickly and easily design algorithms and work with logical reasoning in the "If..., Then..." format, and it can be used to model cause-and-effect relationships in different subject areas and create knowledge bases of new-generation applied artificial intelligence systems and real-time mivar expert systems with "Big Knowledge". The reader, after studying this tutorial, you will be able to create mivar expert system with the help of CASMI Wi!Mi. Designed for students, bachelors, masters and postgraduate students studying artificial intelligence methods, as well as for users, experts and specialists, creating a system of information processing and management, mivar models, expert systems, automated control systems, systems of decision support and Recommender systems.

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13

Cevelev, Aleksandr. Strategic development of railway transport logistics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1194747.

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The monograph is devoted to the methodology of material and technical support of railway transport. According to the types of activities, the nature of the material and technical resources used, technologies, means and management systems, Russian railways belong to the category of high-tech industries that must have high quality and technical level, reliability and technological efficiency in operation. For this reason, the logistics system itself, both in structure and in the algorithm of the functions performed as a whole, needs a serious improvement in the quality of its work. The economic situation in Russia requires a revision of the principles and mechanisms of management based on the corporate model of supply chain management, focused on logistics knowledge. In the difficult economic conditions of the current decade, it is necessary to improve the quality of the supply organization of enterprises and structural divisions of railway transport, directly related to the implementation of the process approach, the advantage of which is a more detailed regulation of management actions and their mutual coordination. In order to increase the efficiency of its activities and develop the management system, Russian Railways is developing a lean production system aimed at further expanding the implementation of the principles of customer orientation, ideology and corporate culture. At the present time, the solution of many issues is impossible without a cybernetic approach to the formulation of problems of material and technical support and logistics analysis of information technologies, to the implementation of the developed algorithms and models of development strategies and concepts for improving the business processes of the production system. The management strategy, or the general plan for the implementation of activities for the management of material resources, is based on a fundamental assessment of the alignment and correlation of forces and factors operating in the economic and political field, taking into account the impact on the specific form of the management strategy. The materials will be useful to the heads and specialists of the directorates of the MTO, CDZs and can be used in the scientific research of bachelors, masters and postgraduates interested in the economics of railway transport and supply logistics.

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14

(Project), COST Action 2102, euCognition (Project), and COST Action 2102 and euCognition International School (2008 : Vietri sul Mare, Italy), eds. Multimodal signals: Cognitive and algorithmic issues : COST Action 2102 and euCognition International School Vietri Sul Mare, Italy, April 21-26, 2008 : revised selected and invited papers. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

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15

Kaspina, Roza, and Lyubov' Plotnikova. Accounting and taxation of foreign economic activities of organizations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018339.

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The tutorial contains practical examples of organization and conducting accounting and tax accounting of foreign economic activity and the examples that reveal the specifics of foreign exchange operations. Given a multivariate system of control of knowledge of students with answers and solution algorithm is a full set of the Fund of assessment tools for current and intermediate control. Used active learning methods in the form of colloquiums, business games, discussions and other interactive forms. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Designed for students enrolled in our undergraduate and graduate students of economic universities. It can be useful to executives and managers of organizations, chief accountants and economists, auditors in their practical work, as presented in the textbook material allows to solve a dispute.

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16

Ravindran, S. S. Active control of flow separation over an airfoil. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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17

Ravindran, S. S. Active control of flow separation over an airfoil. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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18

Varlamov, Oleg. Mivar databases and rules. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1508665.

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The multidimensional open epistemological active network MOGAN is the basis for the transition to a qualitatively new level of creating logical artificial intelligence. Mivar databases and rules became the foundation for the creation of MOGAN. The results of the analysis and generalization of data representation structures of various data models are presented: from relational to "Entity — Relationship" (ER-model). On the basis of this generalization, a new model of data and rules is created: the mivar information space "Thing-Property-Relation". The logic-computational processing of data in this new model of data and rules is shown, which has linear computational complexity relative to the number of rules. MOGAN is a development of Rule - Based Systems and allows you to quickly and easily design algorithms and work with logical reasoning in the "If..., Then..." format. An example of creating a mivar expert system for solving problems in the model area "Geometry"is given. Mivar databases and rules can be used to model cause-and-effect relationships in different subject areas and to create knowledge bases of new-generation applied artificial intelligence systems and real-time mivar expert systems with the transition to"Big Knowledge". The textbook in the field of training "Computer Science and Computer Engineering" is intended for students, bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates studying artificial intelligence methods used in information processing and management systems, as well as for users and specialists who create mivar knowledge models, expert systems, automated control systems and decision support systems. Keywords: cybernetics, artificial intelligence, mivar, mivar networks, databases, data models, expert system, intelligent systems, multidimensional open epistemological active network, MOGAN, MIPRA, KESMI, Wi!Mi, Razumator, knowledge bases, knowledge graphs, knowledge networks, Big knowledge, products, logical inference, decision support systems, decision-making systems, autonomous robots, recommendation systems, universal knowledge tools, expert system designers, logical artificial intelligence.

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19

Dahlstedt, Palle. Action and Perception. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.4.

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While computational models of human music making are a hot research topic, the human side of computer-based music making has been largely neglected. What are our cognitive processes like when we create musical algorithms, and when we compose and perform with them? Musical human–algorithm interaction involves embodied action, perception and interaction, and some kind of internalization of the algorithms in the performer’s mind. How does the cognitive relate to the physical here? Departing from the age-old mind–body problem, this chapter tries to answer these questions and review relevant research, drawing from a number of related fields, such as musical cognition, cognition and psychology of programming, embodied performance, and neurological research, as well as from the author’s personal experience as an artist working in the field.

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20

SAVITCH. Algorithms in Action / Pascal Practice Software to Pascal. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, Subs of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 1992.

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21

Geometric Computing for Perception Action Systems: Concepts, Algorithms, and Scientific Applications. Springer, 2001.

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22

Corrochano, Eduardo Bayro. Geometric Computing for Perception Action Systems: Concepts, Algorithms, and Scientific Applications. Springer, 2012.

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23

Romano, Paolo, and Rachid Guerraoui. Transactional Memory. Foundations, Algorithms, Tools, and Applications: COST Action Euro-TM IC1001. Springer, 2015.

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24

Yeung, Karen, and Martin Lodge, eds. Algorithmic Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838494.001.0001.

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Algorithms have become a central theme in contemporary policy and public discussion. The varied and potentially profound social implications of our increasing reliance on algorithms in daily life has attracted considerable interest in recent years, especially with the rising awareness of ‘big data’ and predictive analytics. One of the most vivid examples is the widespread concern about the use of algorithms to manipulate information and affect political life, at least since the US elections and the Brexit referendum. This book offers a critical exploration of algorithmic regulation, understood both as a means of coordinating and regulating social action and decision-making, as well as the need for institutional mechanisms through which the power of algorithms and algorithmic systems might themselves be regulated.

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25

Pintér, János D. Global Optimization in Action: Continuous and Lipschitz Optimization: Algorithms, Implementations and Applications (Nonconvex Optimization and Its Applications). Springer, 1995.

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26

Networks In Action Text And Computer Exercises In Network Optimization. Springer, 2009.

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27

Bucher, Taina. If...Then. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190493028.001.0001.

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IF … THEN provides an account of power and politics in the algorithmic media landscape that pays attention to the multiple realities of algorithms, and how these relate and coexist. The argument is made that algorithms do not merely have power and politics; they help to produce certain forms of acting and knowing in the world. In processing, classifying, sorting, and ranking data, algorithms are political in that they help to make the world appear in certain ways rather than others. Analyzing Facebook’s news feed, social media user’s everyday encounters with algorithmic systems, and the discourses and work practices of news professionals, the book makes a case for going beyond the narrow, technical definition of algorithms as step-by-step procedures for solving a problem in a finite number of steps. Drawing on a process-relational theoretical framework and empirical data from field observations and fifty-five interviews, the author demonstrates how algorithms exist in multiple ways beyond code. The analysis is concerned with the world-making capacities of algorithms, questioning how algorithmic systems shape encounters and orientations of different kinds, and how these systems are endowed with diffused personhood and relational agency. IF … THEN argues that algorithmic power and politics is neither about algorithms determining how the social world is fabricated nor about what algorithms do per se. Rather it is about how and when different aspects of algorithms and the algorithmic become available to specific actors, under what circumstance, and who or what gets to be part of how algorithms are defined.

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28

Bucher, Taina. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190493028.003.0007.

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When conceptualizing the power and politics of algorithms it is important to blend an understanding of their material substrates with an understanding of the multiple ways of perceiving, feeling, acting, and knowing which congeal around algorithms as an object of social concern. The concluding chapter revisits some of the key questions of the book and looks at how algorithmic power and politics can be understood if power and politics are not necessarily about imposing force from above. The chapter serves to summarize the key contributions of the book in terms of: (1) providing an understanding of algorithms that is not committed to one ontological position, but instead sees algorithms in terms of a multiple and variable ontology, (2) helping to identify forms of algorithmic power and politics and (3) offering a theoretical framework for the kinds of work that algorithms do and the landscapes they help to generate.

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29

Bucher, Taina. Life at the Top. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190493028.003.0004.

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Algorithms play a fundamental role in governing the conditions of the intelligible and the sensible online. If users provide the data, the techniques, and procedures to make sense of it, to navigate, assemble, and make meaningful connections among individual pieces of data is increasingly being delegated to various forms of algorithms. In the case of the world’s biggest and most used social media platform, Facebook, algorithmic mechanisms shape the concerted distribution of people, information, actions, and ways of seeing and being seen. The chapter investigates how this kind of algorithmic intervention into people’s information-sharing practices takes place and what are the principles and logics of Facebook’s algorithmic governance. Through an analysis of the algorithmic logics structuring the flow of information and communication on Facebook’s news feed, the argument is made that the regime of visibility constructed imposes a perceived threat of invisibility on the part of the participatory subject.

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30

Gershman, Samuel J. Reinforcement Learning and Causal Models. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.20.

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This chapter reviews the diverse roles that causal knowledge plays in reinforcement learning. The first half of the chapter contrasts a “model-free” system that learns to repeat actions that lead to reward with a “model-based” system that learns a probabilistic causal model of the environment, which it then uses to plan action sequences. Evidence suggests that these two systems coexist in the brain, both competing and cooperating with each other. The interplay of two systems allows the brain to negotiate a balance between cognitively cheap but inaccurate model-free algorithms and accurate but expensive model-based algorithms. The second half of the chapter reviews research on hidden state inference in reinforcement learning. The problem of inferring hidden states can be construed in terms of inferring the latent causes that give rise to sensory data and rewards. Because hidden state inference affects both model-based and model-free reinforcement learning, causal knowledge impinges upon both systems.

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31

Lorino, Philippe. Postface: A few lines of temporary, exploratory, and practical conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753216.003.0011.

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The potential to process more abundant data through more sophisticated algorithms reinforces the expectation that situations can be controlled. However, what slips through the net of massive data processing and sophisticated algorithms is a distilled concentrate of radical novelty, puzzling uncertainty, and tangled complexity, for which we might be little prepared since ordinary riddles are increasingly systematically solved by systems and not by us. More than ever, we need to consider situated action as a central object of study, taking seriously its disruptive power and complexity. Pragmatism teaches us how to use sophisticated models without ever forgetting that they are not ontological representations but semiotic mediations, that novelty always pops up when least expected, that there is no susbtitute for life experience, and that others are always the challenging expression of otherness. Governing (rather than controlling) collective action is therefore an endless and often challenging collective meaning-making effort.

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32

Yu, Angela J. Bayesian Models of Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.025.

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Traditionally, attentional selection has been thought of as arising naturally from resource limitations, with a focus on what might be the most apt metaphor, e.g. whether it is a ‘bottleneck’ or ‘spotlight’. However, these simple metaphors cannot account for the specificity, flexibility, and heterogeneity of the way attentional selection manifests itself in different behavioural contexts. A recent body of theoretical work has taken a different approach, focusing on the computational needs of selective processing, relative to environmental constraints and behavioural goals. They typically adopt a normative computational framework, incorporating Bayes-optimal algorithms for information processing and action selection. This chapter reviews some of this recent modelling work, specifically in the context of attention for learning, covert spatial attention, and overt spatial attention.

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33

Shapiro, Lawrence A. Embodied Cognition. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0006.

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The article explains the history, core concepts, methodological practices, and future prospects of embodied cognition. Cognitivism treats cognition, including perception, as a constructive process in which computational operations transform a static representation into a goal state. Cognition begins with an input representation so that the psychological subject can be conceived as a passive receptor of information. The cognitivist's primary concern is the discovery of algorithms by which inputs such as those representing shading are transformed into outputs such as those representing shape. The experimental methods need to provide an environment that isolates the stimuli that will be relevant to an investigation of the mental process of interest. Gibson's theory of perception explains that information in the optic array sufficed to specify opportunities for action, thus providing observers with an ability to perceive. Gibson explains that perception is the detection of information that, with no further embellishment, suffices to specify features of an observer's world. The active observer could, by collecting and sampling the wealth of information contained within the optic array, know its world in terms relative to its needs. Embodied cognition researchers conceive of themselves as offering a new framework for studying the mind.

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34

Kuo, Sen M., and Dennis R. Morgan. Active Noise Control Systems: Algorithms and DSP Implementations. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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35

Coopersmith, Jennifer. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743040.003.0001.

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The chapter explains how the Principle of Least Action yields a unique answer to a physical problem irrespective of the frame of reference. The motivation arises from d’Alembert’s rousing words: “To someone who could grasp the Universe from a unified standpoint the entire creation would appear as a unique truth and necessity.” The requirement is that one “algorithm” can cope with all the specificity, variety, and complexity across the whole of physics. That one algorithm could ever be up to the task is made plausible by use of an allegory involving a King, the princess, and some suitors. Finally, the link with Least Action is made. Note that the terms extremal, objectivity, observer, and viewpoint are explained.

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36

Petersen, Jennifer. How Machines Came to Speak. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021827.

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In How Machines Came to Speak Jennifer Petersen constructs a genealogy of how legal conceptions of “speech” have transformed over the last century in response to new media technologies. Drawing on media and legal history, Petersen shows that the legal category of speech has varied considerably, evolving from a narrow category of oratory and print publication to a broad, abstract conception encompassing expressive nonverbal actions, algorithms, and data. She examines a series of pivotal US court cases in which new media technologies—such as phonographs, radio, film, and computer code—were integral to this shift. In judicial decisions ranging from the determination that silent films were not a form of speech to the expansion of speech rights to include algorithmic outputs, courts understood speech as mediated through technology. Speech thus became disarticulated from individual speakers. By outlining how legal definitions of speech are indelibly dependent on technology, Petersen demonstrates that future innovations such as artificial intelligence will continue to restructure speech law in ways that threaten to protect corporate and institutional forms of speech over the rights and interests of citizens.

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37

Sutter, Raoul, Peter W. Kaplan, and Donald L. Schomer. Historical Aspects of Electroencephalography. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0001.

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Electroencephalography (EEG), a dynamic real-time recording of electrical neocortical brain activity, began in the 1600s with the discovery of electrical phenomena and the concept of an “action current.” The galvanometer was introduced in the 1800s and the first bioelectrical observations of human brain signals were made in the 1900s. Certain EEG patterns were associated with brain disorders, increasing the clinical and scientific use of EEG. In the 1980s, technical advances allowed EEGs to be digitized and linked with videotape recording. In the 1990s, digital data storage increased and computer networking enabled remote real-time EEG reading, which made possible continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring. Manual cEEG analysis became increasingly labor-intensive, calling for methods to assist this process. In the 2000s, complex algorithms enabling quantitative EEG analyses were introduced, with a new focus on shared activity between rhythms, including phase and magnitude synchrony. The automation of spectral analysis enabled studies of spectral content.

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38

Maasen, Sabine, and Jan-Hendrik Passoth, eds. Soziologie des Digitalen - Digitale Soziologie? Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845295008.

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About ten years ago, we were still able to justify the reservations of sociology with regard to digitisation as a healthy caution against the hype of the ‘virtual world’ and ‘cyberspace’; today, the situation looks different: beyond the usual rhetoric of media revolutions, new forms of practice, organisation and order have emerged around digital technologies in more or less all fields, posing tangible challenges to sociological theory-building, methods development and empirical social research. Are our theories based on action, communication or practice suitable for describing the contribution of algorithms? Are our methods for dealing with language, images and printed text suitable for analysing the automatic modification of texts, images and videos by filter technologies? How do we deal with increasing competition in data analysis and evaluation? These are the questions that this special volume of the journal ‘Soziale Welt’ (ISSN 0038-6073) explores. With contributions by Dirk Baecker, Sascha Dickel, Tobias Wolbring, Barbara Sutter, Sabine Maasen, Elke Wagner, Niklas Barth, Katharina Kinder-Kurlanda, Roger Häußling, Udo Thiedeke, Josef Wehner, Nicole Zillien, Bernadette Kneidinger-Müller, Heike Greschke, Jagoda Motowidlo, René König, Patrik Sumpf, Christian Stegbauer, Alexander Mehler, Oliver Nachtwey, Philipp Staab, Andreas Boes, Tobias Kämpf, Alexander Zielger, Sabine Pfeiffer, Anne Suphan, Uli Meyer, Uwe Matzat, Erik van Ingen, Christian Papsdorf, Tanja Carstensen, Jeffrey Wimmer, John Postill, Victor Lasa, Ge Zhang, Evelyn Ruppert

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39

Active control of wind tunnel noise: A technical report ... [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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40

Ferguson, Colin. Pathophysiology and management of hypothermia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0354.

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Accidental hypothermia is defined as a core temperature of <35°C and is uncommon. It may present in any age group at any time of the year. Hypothermia may be primary, where the cold injury is the major pathology, or secondary where patients develop hypothermia incidental to another illness. Since the severely cold patient may be in cardiac arrest, areflexic, and in coma, decision making regarding treatment, its initiation, and continuation, may be difficult. Hypothermia is classified into mild (33–35°C), moderate (28–33°C) and severe (<28°C), but these are not distinct clinical syndromes. A more recent classification into stages has emerged from alpine medicine along with a treatment algorithm based on it. Many pathophysiogical changes are due to reduced enzyme action. Clinical features include changes in higher cerebral functions with bizarre behaviour progressing to coma. In the circulation initial tachycardia and hypertension (‘cold stress’) are replaced, as the patient cools, with worsening hypotension and bradycardia and, eventually, ventricular fibrillation and asystole. Rewarming methods are classified as passive or active and the latter subdivided into external, core, and extracorporeal. Active warming should be considered for patients with a temperature of 32°C or lower. Peritoneal lavage has the advantage of warming the liver directly and also the heart through the diaphragm. Cardiopulmonary bypass is the extracorporeal method with most experience, but the advent of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has the advantage of portability.

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41

Haworth, Christopher. Technology, Creativity, and the Social in Algorithmic Music. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.13.

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This chapter surveys developments in the sociology of art and theories of mediation to examine the contribution of technical devices and institutions to musical creativity. In particular, it considers Actor-Network Theory as a means to analyse the contributions of ‘nonhuman actors’ to the social world of algorithmic music. Two case studies are discussed: the network music pioneers The Hub and the contemporary genre of live coding. The example of The Hub raises the question of technological change and the necessity of considering the external forces that bear on the instrumentarium of algorithmic music as part of its social ecology. The chapter analyses live coding, focusing on the associated actors’ use of the Internet. It then charts the online development of the TOPLAP manifesto to illustrate how the ‘true’ computer music that live coding seeks to articulate is an ongoing social negotiation. The final section uses the Issuecrawler software to analyse networks of association within live coding.

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42

Broadband noise control using predictive techniques. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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43

Broadband noise control using predictive techniques. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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44

L, Palumbo Daniel, and Langley Research Center, eds. Performance of optimized actuator and sensor arrays in an active noise control system. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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45

Worthen, W. B. Shakespearean Technicity. Edited by James C. Bulman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687169.013.36.

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One dimension of contemporary Shakespeare, and of contemporary theatre more widely, is its involvement in technicity: the critique of the relation between notions of technology and the human. Taking Annie Dorsen’s A Piece of Work—an ‘algorithmic’ performance of Hamlet—as touchstone, this chapter explores the relationship between acting, print, digital textuality, and code in the fashioning of the contemporary technology of Shakespearean theatre, a theatre—like all theatre, perhaps—that enacts a principle of deformance with regard to literary notions of the drama. Literalizing a vision of text-driven performance, A Piece of Work marks the interplay between textuality and acting as technologies within a theatre undergoing constant technological transformation.

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46

van der Hulst, Harry. The RcvP Model. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813576.003.0002.

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The theory of phonological structure (called ‘Radical CV Phonology’) is first outlined in Chapter 2. This theory is a development of Dependency Phonology. The chapter introduces a theory of elements and minimal vowel representations based on the Successive Division Algorithm. Other topics of relevance are underspecification, markednes, and enhancement. The model of Radical CV Phonology functions as the theoretical background of the set of elements that are active in the harmony systems that will be analyzed in Chapters 4–10 and is, as such, of interest to readers who want to know why we have these particular elements.

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Stumpp, Stefan, Daniel Michelis, and Thomas Schildhauer, eds. Social Media Handbuch. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748907466.

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The Social Media Handbook provides guidance on long-term developments in the ever-changing social media sector and explains fundamental interrelationships in this field. It describes a strategy model for the development of one’s own solutions, summarises the theories, methods and models of leading authors and shows their practical application, while also highlighting current developments and dealing with the topic of data processing in social media. An examination of the platform economy with its economic functions facilitates the classification of business models in social media. The book also shows how platforms and their algorithms can influence our actions and shape our opinions. With contributions by Prof. Karin Bjerregaard Schlüter, Andrea Braun, Franziska Geue, Tobias Knopf, Markus Korbien, Prof. Dr. Daniel Michelis, Stefan Pfaff, Thanh H. Pham, Tom Reichstein, Prof. Dr. Anna Riedel, Michael Sarbacher, Prof. Dr. Dr. Thomas Schildhauer, Prof. Dr. Hendrik Send, Dr. Stefan Stumpp, Prof. Dr. Sebastian Volkmann, Jan-Benedikt Weber, Julia Weißhaupt, Norman Wiebach und Prof. Dr. Christian Wissing.

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48

Whish, Richard, and David Bailey. Competition Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-ocl/9780198779063.001.0001.

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The book explains the purpose of competition policy, introduces the reader to key concepts and techniques in competition law and provides insights into the numerous different issues that arise when analysing market behaviour. Describing the law in its economics and market context, the chapters particularly consider the competition law implications of business phenomena, including distribution agreements, licences of intellectual property rights, cartels, joint ventures and mergers. The book assimilates a wide variety of resources, including judgments, decisions, guidelines and periodical literature. The text has been updated to include the changes to UK law introduced by the Consumer Rights Act 2015, including the reform of collective actions. It also considers the Directive on Antitrust Damages Actions and other measures designed to facilitate private enforcement of competition law. The book also discusses for the first time the application of competition law to price signalling, algorithmic collusion and other atypical cartel activities; it also incorporates extensive new case law and decisional practice at EU and UK level.

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Anders, Torsten. Compositions Created with Constraint Programming. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.5.

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This chapter surveys music constraint programming systems, and how composers have used them. The chapter motivates why and explains how users of such systems describe intended musical results with constraints. This approach to algorithmic composition is similar to the way declarative and modular compositional rules have successfully been used in music theory for centuries as a device to describe composition techniques. This systematic overview highlights the respective strengths of different approaches and systems from a composer’s point of view, complementing other more technical surveys of this field. This text describes the music constraint systems PMC, Score-PMC, PWMC (and its successor Cluster Engine), Strasheela, and Orchidée—most are libraries of the composition systems PWGL or OpenMusic. These systems are shown in action by discussions of the composition processes of specific works by Jacopo Baboni Schilingi, Magnus Lindberg, Örjan Sandred, Torsten Anders, Johannes Kretz, and Jonathan Harvey.

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50

Gorwa, Robert. Poland. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931407.003.0005.

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This chapter provides the first overview of political bots, fake accounts, and other false amplifiers in Poland. Based on extensive interviews with political campaign managers, journalists, activists, employees of social media marketing firms, and civil society groups, the chapter outlines the emergence of Polish digital politics, covering the energetic and hyper-partisan “troll wars,” the interaction of hate speech with modern platform algorithms, and the recent effects of “fake news” and various sources of apparent Russian disinformation. The chapter then explores the production and management of artificial identities on Facebook, Twitter, and other social networks—an industry confirmed to be active in Poland—and assesses how they can be deployed for both political and commercial purposes. Overall, the chapter provides evidence for a rich array of digital tools that are increasingly being used by various actors to exert influence over Polish politics and public life.

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