Дисертації з теми "Actifs en surface"
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Ranisio, Olivier. "Étude des interactions membrane/tensio-actifs : application à la séparation des tensio-actifs non-ioniques." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT015G.
Повний текст джерелаPusset, Nadia. "Porosité et propriétés de surface de carbones actives par le gaz carbonique." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0192.
Повний текст джерелаGirodet, Laurent. "Propriétés de surface des polyuréthanes. : Contrôle de l’énergie de surface par introduction de tensio-actifs." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0056.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is the synthesis of controlled surface energy polyurethanes with hydrophilic or hydrophobie behaviour. Ta this objective, some reactive surface active agents with different natures and chemical s t ructures were introduced in the formulations. In accordance with the Fowkes's approach, the two cornponent s of the surface energy are determined from advancing and receeding liquid contact angles onto polyurethane surfaces. The observed hysteresis is attributed ta the environment change at the surface, and is related ta molecular motions and also to liquid absorption effects. In some cases , hysteresis can be attributed ta local surface deformation caused by capillary forces. The chemical nature of each polyurethane constituents (macrodiol, diisocyanate, cross-linking agent) was varied. Surface energy was found ta be dependent on bath the macrodiol nature and the presence of molecule substituents. The polyurethane surface modification was then carried out by introducing different amounts of surfactants with different chemical structures and mobilities. The role of glass transition temperature was also studied
Martin, Kévin. "Hélicènes photo-et redox actifs : Molécules uniques et auto-assemblage sur surface." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0056.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of new chiral molecules is a major challenge since few decades. This PhD work focuses on the synthesis and the characterisation of a variety of molecules based on helicenes. Indeed, helicenes are chiral and show exceptional chiroptical properties. Therefore, combining these chiral entities with various motifs allow the modulation of their properties. In a first part of this manuscript, we were interested in the association of helicenes with tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), thus combining the redox properties of TTF with the chirality of helicenes. The second part concerns the preparation of luminescent helicenes based on benzothiadiazole and BODIPY for circularly polarised light luminescence (CPL). In a third part we investigated the self-assembly and the reactivity of helicenes on gold and copper surfaces. Finally, we have prepared single molecule junctions based on helicenes. In Conclusion, we developed different redox and photoactive helicenes with applications towards the self-assembly on surfaces and single molecular junctions
Zakine, Ruben. "Interactions médiées dans la matière molle et tension de surface des fluides actifs." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7080.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on two topics ubiquitous in soft matter: first, mediated interactions between nano-to-micrometer sized objects, second, surface tension in out-of-equilibrium systems. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the properties of a system of particles whose interactions are mediated by a fluctuating background. We start with a nonequilibrium study and we show that the combination of mediated interactions and of the nonequilibrium drive leads to complex structures. Our predictions, beyond statistical mechanical methods, rest on extending the methods of nonlinear dynamics in pattern forming systems, to systems with a local conservation law. The second study of this part is dedicated to an equilibrium experimental system of colloidal particles embedded in lyotropic lamellar phases. Relying on a bottom-up approach, we implement the details of the interaction between each colloidal particle and each lamella to come up with an exact description of the effective force emerging between colloids. These analytical results are then used to discriminate between two types of interaction, both being possibly encountered in experiments. The second part of this thesis focuses on the notion of surface tension for interfaces involving active fluids. We will come up with a definition relating macroscopic forces to microscopic ones, either between particles or, when applicable, between particles and a confining medium. When the active fluid is in contact with a solid boundary, the solid-fluid surface tension is, in general, a more complex quantity than its equilibrium counterpart. By this we mean that its value may depend on the geometry or other details of the measuring device. We will also show that a carefully designed probe allows us to access an equation-of-state-abiding surface tension akin to its equilibrium counterpart. Liquid-vapor interfaces can also be encountered in assemblies of self-propelled particles when these undergo a motility-induced phase separation. We show also that the surface tension associated to a liquid-vapor interface possesses a mechanical definition that echoes the equilibrium one
Martin, Adeline. "Dépôt de film multicouche sur surface textile pour la libération prolongée de principes actifs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10067/document.
Повний текст джерелаTextiles are widely used in medical devices which are implantable or not (wound dressing, vascular prosthesis etc…) and researches currently aim to bring them therapeutic properties (antibacterial, healing, regenerative). Among the most efficient solutions, transforming the device into a drug delivery system capable of releasing some drugs or bioactive substances is investigated. The main challenges are firstly to chemically modify such inert materials with soft methods in order to keep their original properties, and secondly to adsorb a sufficient therapeutic dose of the drug that should then be released covering the critical healing period. The concept developed by the UMET laboratory consists of grafting cyclodextrins on several biomaterials for extended drug release. This work presents an evolution of this latter concept thanks to the Layer-by-Layer process. Multilayer assemblies are built on a textile support thanks to alternative adsorptions of polyelectrolytes with opposite charges. It forms a multilayer coating on the fibers which allows the extended release of active molecules. Our multilayer system is based on an anionic polymer of β-cyclodextrin and chitosan (cationic polymer). Multilayer building optimization following the LbL process was simultaneously studied with Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy (OWLS) and on textile. Its degradation and release of actives model molecules were followed in different media and biological and microbiological properties were studied
Martin, Adeline. "Dépôt de film multicouche sur surface textile pour la libération prolongée de principes actifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10067.
Повний текст джерелаTextiles are widely used in medical devices which are implantable or not (wound dressing, vascular prosthesis etc…) and researches currently aim to bring them therapeutic properties (antibacterial, healing, regenerative). Among the most efficient solutions, transforming the device into a drug delivery system capable of releasing some drugs or bioactive substances is investigated. The main challenges are firstly to chemically modify such inert materials with soft methods in order to keep their original properties, and secondly to adsorb a sufficient therapeutic dose of the drug that should then be released covering the critical healing period. The concept developed by the UMET laboratory consists of grafting cyclodextrins on several biomaterials for extended drug release. This work presents an evolution of this latter concept thanks to the Layer-by-Layer process. Multilayer assemblies are built on a textile support thanks to alternative adsorptions of polyelectrolytes with opposite charges. It forms a multilayer coating on the fibers which allows the extended release of active molecules. Our multilayer system is based on an anionic polymer of β-cyclodextrin and chitosan (cationic polymer). Multilayer building optimization following the LbL process was simultaneously studied with Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy (OWLS) and on textile. Its degradation and release of actives model molecules were followed in different media and biological and microbiological properties were studied
Alibrahim, Moussa. "Systèmes à base de tensio-actifs non ioniques : Influence de co-tensio-actifs ioniques et structure des phases mésomorphes." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10061.
Повний текст джерелаLeroux, Yann. "Electrochimie sur surfaces nanostructurées et nanoélectrochimie : dces dispositifs plasmoniques actifs aux contacts atomiques." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077234.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work we were interested in demonstrating some of the potentialities of electrochemistry on nanostructured surfaces in the field of plasmonics and in the realization of atomic contacts. The first chapter of this manuscript describes the creation of active plasmonic devices. It underlines how the redox properties of conducting polymers can modulate and/or commutate localized surface plasmon resonances of gold nanoparticles (network or colloidal solution). In the second part, an engraving System assisted by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was developed. This technique allows the production of varied structures, on sub-micrometric and nanometric scales, for applications in the field of plasmonics and for nanoscale electrochemistry. The last part shows how electrochemistry can be used to obtain atomic contacts. The phenomenon of quantum conductance was studied on contacts obtained with copper nanowires and its variations with molecular adsorption were demonstrated. To protect the contact and to make it more stable, the use of cyclodextrins in the electrolytic growth medium appears to lead to its encapsulation and protects it against molecules interacting strongly with copper
Barra, Jérôme. "Intérêts des paramètres de solubilité et des énergies de surface dans la formulation des formes pharmaceutiques solides." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T177.
Повний текст джерелаFlinois, Thomas. "Modification d'électrodes par des films redox-actifs, des lipides et des transporteurs ioniques membranaires : vers l'élaboration d'une pile biomimétique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S093.
Повний текст джерелаBased on the transmembrane ion transport processes of living cells, the design of a biomimetic fuel cell can be considered. Its principle relies on ion or proton concentration gradients induced by the protein NhaA, a transmembrane Na+/2H+ antiport, to generate electrical energy. This thesis contributes to the development of this device through electrode modifications to detect the activity of ionic transporters at the electrode/biomimetic membrane interface.A bibliographic review of the fundamental aspects of cell membranes and of the biomimetic fuel cell principle is presented. Electrodes modified by electrodeposition of salicylic acid derivatives have yielded redox-active films sensitive to pH changes or monovalent and monoatomic ions concentration. The stability of the lipid deposit onto the electrodes was significantly increased by the electrografting of 4-decylaniline. This anchored and stable lipid deposit makes it possible to obtain biomimetic membranes allowing the insertion of ionic transporters. The activity of the ion carriers inserted into the biomimetic membranes has been monitored through the redox-active films' potential that is dependent on pH or on sodium or potassium ions concentrations at the electrode/membrane interface
Panarin, Andrei Yu. "Mise au point, étude et applications de matériaux poreux recouverts d'argent en tant que substrats SERS-actifs." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066084.
Повний текст джерелаGrandidier, Jonathan. "Guide plasmonique polymère-métal : composants passifs et actifs pour la photonique intégrée." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441225.
Повний текст джерелаRenaudin, Alan. "Réalisation d'une plate-forme à ondes acoustiques de surface pour une microfluidique digitale dédiée à la biologie." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_190.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDesbrosses, Mickaël. "Contribution de la Spectrométrie de Masse d’Ions Secondaires à Temps de Vol au développement de textiles industriels fonctionnels impliquant des agents actifs cosmétiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1117.
Повний текст джерелаTime-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) allows the characterization of the outermost surface with high sensitivity by mass detection of atomic and molecular secondary ions. The objective of this work was to study its application in the context of the analysis of industrial textiles on which dermatological properties are given (cosmetotextiles). Three analytical approaches based on the specific properties of the active agents and technologies are presented. They required peculiar developments of methods (preliminary study, calibration, data processing and interpretation ...) and to consider the possibilities and limitations of the technique or the equipment in the particular context of these textile fibers analysis (topography, localized charge effect, contamination, complex formulations, segregation and concentration of some components from the treatments at the outermost surface ...).In the first approach, ToF-SIMS chemical mapping was used to successfully illustrate an active agent concentration gradient close to the outermost surface of polyamide matrices. The ability to identify the characteristic signatures of active agents and to validate their presence at the surface of textile samples was confirmed in most cases. However, signatures different from those from the active agent were needed to validate the treatment in the case of textiles treated by co-precipitation. Finally, a gentle sputtering protocol was tested to address the particular issue of industrial textiles covered with silicone based textile finishing
Bere, Kossi E. "Oxydation du n-butane en anhydride maléique sur phosphates de vanadium : activation, caractérisations de surface, nature des oxygènes actifs avec utilisation de 18O2." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10038.
Повний текст джерелаBERNARD, AGNES. "Mise au point de substrats actifs en sers (surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy) et application a l'analyse de traces de polluants en milieux aqueux." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INAP0019.
Повний текст джерелаZhao, Weitao. "Hydrogen Production : supported Mo-based catalysts for water gas shift reaction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NORMC213.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aimed to gain insights into the catalytic performance of specific sites (M-edge, S-edge or CoMoS sites) and elucidate the Water Gas Shift (WGS) reaction mechanism over sulfide catalysts. In this study, the novel findings concerning the H2O and CO reactivity at the various active sites were revealed by monitoring active sites after in situ post-treatment using low temperature CO adsorption followed by IR spectroscopy (CO/IR). It was shown that on unpromoted Mo catalysts, M-edge site is sensitive to water to form the oxygen-substituted Mo(SxOy)zc site via S-O exchange reaction, while the S-edge site is sensitive to CO to form vacancies and release COS. Furthermore, stepwise surface reaction experiments show that Mo(SxOy)zc sites formed in situ are not reactive towards subsequent CO feed in contradiction with the conventional redox mechanism in which the catalyst surface is alternately oxidized/or oxygen-exchanged by water and reduced by CO. In addition, operando experiments demonstrate that formate and carbonyl sulfur intermediates are directly observed during WGS reaction, in accordance with a formate pathway and a novel redox mechanism via COS route. The extension of the study on the role of potassium additive and cobalt promoter in WGS reaction shows that the terminal sulfur atoms are activated by K and Co, making them reacting more easily with CO to form COS at low temperature. More importantly, cobalt, which facilitates the reversible transformation of the oxysulfide phase to sulfide by H2S, can help limiting catalyst deactivation during WGS reaction
Blas, Hélène. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par le nitroxyde SG1 à la surface de particules de silice mésoporeuse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813166.
Повний текст джерелаRamirez, Vidal Pamela. "Matériaux nanoporeux à haute surface spécifique pour le stockage et la compression de l’hydrogène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0178.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, the hydrogen adsorption performance of three families of large surface area porous materials: hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs), commercial activated carbons (CACs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was studied. Two interconnected parts constituted this study: (i) the experimental evaluation of hydrogen storage performance in the three families of materials; and (ii) the modelling of hydrogen storage in CAC and MOF at temperatures between 77 and 273 K and at pressures up to 14 MPa. Irreversible deformation in HCPs after hydrogen adsorption at 77 K and 14 MPa is reported here for the first time. The hydrogen adsorption isotherms obtained up to 14 MPa were fitted with the Modified Dubinin-Astakhov equation in order to determine the physical meaning of their parameters, which had not been revealed until now. The results obtained in this thesis will allow the prediction of hydrogen adsorption capacities at specific temperatures and pressures after an adequate characterization of the adsorbent material texture, which represents a significant saving of time and resources. The thesis is divided in chapters related to each family of studied. Finally, the conclusions and perspectives of this study are presented.This work was carried out in the team 402 "Biosourced Materials" of the Institut Jean Lamour (IJL - UMR CNRS 7198), hosted by the “Ecole Nationale des Techniques et Industries du Bois” (ENSTIB), at the University of Lorraine. Several partners have been involved in this project, such as: the Instituto Nacional del Carbón (INCAR - CSIC) in Oviedo, Spain; and the Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA-UMR 7563 CNRS-UL) in Vandoeuvre lès Nancy in France
Even, Véronique. "Analyse de tensio-actifs non ioniques dans le contexte de la récupération assistée : application à des phases aqueuses ayant transité sur des roches mères." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066604.
Повний текст джерелаAlphazan, Thibault. "Vers la conception moléculaire de catalyseurs d'hydrotraitement préparés à partir de précurseurs métallo-organiques." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998376.
Повний текст джерелаKaram, Layal. "Etude des interactions aux interfaces entre peptides, matériaux et bactéries, pour la mise au point de surfaces antimicrobiennes et d’emballages alimentaires actifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10044.
Повний текст джерелаThe globalization of food trade and changes in lifestyles present new major challenges for food safety. Setting up active food packaging, via antimicrobial peptides adsorption on materials, is an innovative and proactive approach to improve the safety, quality and shelf-life of packaged foods. Peptides adsorption on surfaces and the antimicrobial activity of the functionalized materials depend mainly on surface properties, on surface treatments allowing the modification of such properties and on the peptides-materials-bacteria interactions. In this thesis, nisin, an antilisterial bacteriocin, produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis was used as the antimicrobial agent. The selected packaging was the low density polyethylene, a commonly used packaging in the food sector. Different cold plasma processes were optimized to develop surfaces with various characteristics and specific functionalities needed for the adsorption studies. Physico-chemical surface characterization techniques permitted from one side, to confirm the surface functionalization by surface treatments and by nisin and from another side, to study the surface interactions. The antimicrobial study was undertaken to compare and confirm the antimicrobial activity of the different treated packaging. This work was also carried out against some food pathogens and at refrigeration temperature in order to assess possible future food packaging applications
Thomas, Cedric. "Identification des contaminants présents à la surface de lactose à usage pharmaceutique et analyse de l’impact de leur présence sur les interactions avec différents principes actifs." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe discovery of the problem will go through training techniques at the nanoscale characterization and chemical analysis, the discovery of the industrial problem in society Armor Proteins, the validation of a pharmaceutical lactose. With the aim to increase our knowledge on powders for food or pharmaceutical use, we propose to study the effect of manufacturing processes, shaping, granulation on the reactivity of powders. The first part is devoted to the effect of purity on interactions-Lactose Lactose and Lactose-API measured / quantified by near-field techniques (AFM, SMM, MSAFM) under ambient atmosphere and under stressful conditions storage. Deriving a second portion of the preceding part will highlight the effects of interactions on different pharmaceutical formulations, such as direct compression and with a Dry Powder Inhalation Inhaler. All of this work will help to understand the impact of purity surface Lactose Pharmaceutical quality and stability of formulations for inhalation and compression
Karam, Layal. "Etude des interactions aux interfaces entre peptides, matériaux et bactéries, pour la mise au point de surfaces antimicrobiennes et d’emballages alimentaires actifs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10044/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe globalization of food trade and changes in lifestyles present new major challenges for food safety. Setting up active food packaging, via antimicrobial peptides adsorption on materials, is an innovative and proactive approach to improve the safety, quality and shelf-life of packaged foods. Peptides adsorption on surfaces and the antimicrobial activity of the functionalized materials depend mainly on surface properties, on surface treatments allowing the modification of such properties and on the peptides-materials-bacteria interactions. In this thesis, nisin, an antilisterial bacteriocin, produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis was used as the antimicrobial agent. The selected packaging was the low density polyethylene, a commonly used packaging in the food sector. Different cold plasma processes were optimized to develop surfaces with various characteristics and specific functionalities needed for the adsorption studies. Physico-chemical surface characterization techniques permitted from one side, to confirm the surface functionalization by surface treatments and by nisin and from another side, to study the surface interactions. The antimicrobial study was undertaken to compare and confirm the antimicrobial activity of the different treated packaging. This work was also carried out against some food pathogens and at refrigeration temperature in order to assess possible future food packaging applications
Espinosa, Pardo Faber Ariel. "Propriétés techno-fonctionnelles des fractions produites par bioraffinerie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0205.
Повний текст джерелаThe concept of biorefinery has emerged as an industrial facility where biomass is transformed into a wide range of marketable products and energy, and the accumulation of agro-residues is significantly reduced. This work proposed a biorefinery scheme from corn germ and walnut press-cake as by-products. For corn germ, the scheme involved a first step of oil recovery by different methods followed by protein extraction while solid residues were assessed for stabilizing emulsions (Pickering emulsions). It was demonstrated that protein functionalities (such as solubility, water absorption, foaming and emulsifying capacities) were influenced by oil extraction method, and that corn germ meals showed high capacity to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. For walnut press-cake, a source of oil and phenolic antioxidants, the scheme focused on ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolics from the defatted cake, and the stabilizing ability of the residue particles. Extracts exhibited a high capacity of scavenging free radicals (DPPH) and walnut cake particles allowed to fabricate highly stable oil-in-water emulsions with fine droplets (1-2 µm). Ultrasound assisted extraction was also applied to recover phenolics from a third by-product that was a grape pomace. Influent parameters of extraction were statistically identified for both matrices with trends positively modeled by second-order polynomial equations
Bernasconi, Pascal. "Flottation ionique : Analyse des mécanismes pour les tensio-actifs, application à la purification de solutions uranifères." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10117.
Повний текст джерелаTokhadzé, Nicolas. "Etude des phénomènes de sorption entre médicaments et dispositifs médicaux de la perfusion : approche empirique et fondamentale par simulation moléculaire." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC006.
Повний текст джерелаWhen infusing drugs via polymer based medical devices (MD), sorption phenomena can induce a loss of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and thus the risk of not administering the right dose to the patient, inducing then a decrease or even loss of therapeutic activity. The aim of this work was first to experimentally study the interactions of three API (diazepam, paracetamol and insulin) with MD alone and with MD within a complete infusion setup composed of a syringe, an extension and a catheter. API concentration was assessed by liquid chromatography and materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and surface zeta potential measurements. In a second time, the interactions between two materials (Polyvinyl chloride and Polyethylene) and two API (paracetamol and diazepam) were simulated by molecular dynamics methods. This work allowed highlighting losses of API by sorption in contact with each of the MD. Some materials appeared to be more at risk of sorption (Polyvinyl chloride, Polyurethane, Silicone) than others (Polyethylene, Styrene-Ethylene-Butadiene-Styrene). For the complete setup, even if some improvements are possible with commercially available extension sets, the situation is more difficult in the case of catheters since the choice of existing materials is limited. Material surface analysis methods have provided new elements for a better understanding of the phenomena at the material/drug interface. Then, the use of simulation of interactions by molecular dynamics in the study of sorption phenomena was a novel approach and abled to highlight phenomena that were difficult to obtain experimentally. Particularly, this technique allowed to follow the position of the API with respect to the surface of the material, and the calculation of PMF to differentiate absorption and adsorption phenomena
Chgoura, Mohammed. "Adsorption par des charbons actifs de molécules organiques à partir de solutions aqueuses." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11082.
Повний текст джерелаAbouhaidar, Rawan. "Molecular Scale Modeling of Heterogeneous Reactivity on the Surface of Particles of Atmospheric Interest." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2024/2024ULILR061.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe atmosphere is a complex component of the Earth system, comprising various chemical species. Many of these atmospheric compounds are surface-active, with enhanced concentrations at surfaces of aqueous droplets. The partitioning of these compounds between surface and bulk phases can significantly influence heterogeneous chemistry and other properties of aerosol and cloud droplets. Therefore, a molecular-level understanding of the structure of liquid interfaces is essential for unraveling their roles in various chemical processes.Ozonolysis of unsaturated hydrocarbons is particularly important for the atmosphere, as it generates diverse oxygen-containing compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. In this study, we investigate the multiphase ozonolysis reaction of maleic acid in water droplets using classical and quantum theoretical methods (QM/QM') along with Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations to explore the formation of primary ozonide and its subsequent breakdown into Criegee intermediate within a water cluster. Kinetic calculations reveal that water molecules significantly enhance the reaction rate compared to the gas phase, with a larger rate coefficient observed in the bulk phase than at the interface. Additionally, water facilitates hydrogen atom transfer through dynamic loop structures, promoting a collective proton exchange mechanism.Another critical aspect of cloud formation is heterogeneous ice nucleation, which is influenced by the surface properties of aerosol particles, particularly those with chemical groups capable of hydrogen bonding with water. Short-chained alcohols, such as 1-pentanol and 3-hexanol, which readily accumulate at the air-water interface, are of particular interest due to their potential impact on ice nucleation, but their role in freezing processes remains largely underexplored. To address this gap, we utilized Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations combined with topological graph analysis to investigate the onset of alcohol-water surface freezing at temperatures ranging from 283 K to 192 K. Our study analyzed surface tension, solubility, and the integration of alcohols into the 2D hydrogen-bonded network of surface water. The results indicate that 1-pentanol forms more organized, tightly packed surface layers than 3-hexanol, effectively reducing surface tension and enhancing the formation of six-membered hydrogen-bonded rings at lower temperatures. This promotes the formation of ice-like structures, with 1-pentanol being more effective in facilitating freezing, offering insights relevant to cloud formation and climate dynamics.Finally, the multiphase cycling of halogen species in sea spray aerosol particles is linked to the abundance of halide ions at the aqueous air-water interface, which impacts both the Earth's ozone budget and radiative balance. Inspired by liquid jet X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments, we performed MD simulations to assess the impact of electrostatic interactions between monofunctional surfactants with positive (hexylammonium) and negative headgroups (propylsulfate) on the abundance of bromide and sodium ions at the interface. The MD simulations, which try to mimic experimental conditions, confirm the surface enhancement of interfacial bromide concentration in solutions containing hexylammonium and hexylamine. In contrast, the negatively charged propylsulfate leads to an increased presence of sodium ions at the interface.In conclusion, this thesis combines various theoretical methods and explores surface chemistry at air-water interfaces, providing valuable insights into our understanding of atmospheric processes
Bennis, Khalil. "Etude de l'adsorption et de la reduction electrochimique sur electrode de mercure de quelques cetones en presence de tensio-actifs en milieu aqueux." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF2E406.
Повний текст джерелаKhan, Suleman Manawar. "Surface active lanthanide complexes for sensing applications on silica and gold surfaces." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5726/.
Повний текст джерелаBIGNARDI, Samuel. "Complete Waveform Inversion Approach To Seismic Surface Waves And Adjoint Active Surfaces." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388824.
Повний текст джерелаParker, Emily M. "Surface active polymers as anti-infective and anti-biofouling materials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:54e462df-b64c-499c-94ce-55d624be9a69.
Повний текст джерелаNoun, Manale. "Interaction agrégats-surface. Spectrométrie de masse par temps de vol et application analytique à des études sur des médicaments et sur la météorite Paris." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00906791.
Повний текст джерелаCharles-Blin, Youn. "Technologie de protection active des électrodes par fluoration de surface." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS068.
Повний текст джерелаA shift toward greener technologies has been impulsed by the European authorities and tremendous efforts are now engaged to drastically reduce our carbon footprint, by at least for 40 percent by 2030. The development of safe batteries with higher energy density is part of this shift, since this technology is critical for the commercialization and for the rise of electrical mobility and smart energy grid deployment. To do so, new materials need to be developed or existing materials need to be improved to reach higher specific capacities and working electrochemical potentials. The research prospects new electrode materials, new electrolytes and new ways to protect the electrode/electrolyte interphase within the batteries. Indeed, in secondary batteries, the anode/electrolyte interphase plays a key role in the electrochemical performances and life span. Since the classically used liquid organic electrolytes are not stable in the totality of the working potential window of Li-ion batteries, they undergo degradation on cycling of the battery, hence a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) is formed. This interphase passivates the negative electrodes from the electrolyte and prevents further aging processes, however as this passivation continues in cycling, it also lowers the coulombic efficiency and causes irreversible capacity loss. Knowing this, any modification of the SEI should be performed with parsimony as it could break the balance between the positive and negative aspect for the SEI. By synthetizing a chemisorbed thin fluorinated layer upon anode material, we managed to improve the passivating power of the SEI on TiO2 and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anodes, leading to enhanced electrochemical performance. We also determine that very low quantities of fluorine on the active electrode material surface leads to several beneficial effects. We demonstrated that the fluorination brings as well enhancement for positive electrode materials, such as LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA). Indeed, NCA and NMC suffer structural surface instability, leading to self-heating and loss of performance. Improved cyclability is observed for fluorinated NCA electrodes as the fluorination stabilizes the surface structure.Surface fluorination was carried by a process using XeF2, for the first time applied to electrode materials. We aimed to prospect the influence of the surface fluorination on different aspect of a Li-ion battery, from the active material to the electrolyte interphase, thanks to a multi-scale probing approach. The chemical nature of the surface layer on negative and positive electrode materials was described by the mean of the XPS, as well as the fluorine distribution on the surface with both AES and SAM. The bulk and sub-surface properties of fluorinated LTO (LTO-F) were also investigated by coupling XRD, Raman Spectroscopy and NMR 19F, showing no modifications of the crystallographic structure. The influence of the surface fluorination on the electrochemical performance was investigated by galvanostatic cycling and by coupling XPS and SAM on cycled electrodes. We paid a specific attention to the impact of the fluorination on the SEI thickness and stability in charge and discharge. Indeed, LTO-F exhibits a new reactivity toward the electrolyte, leading to a thinner and stabilized SEI. Finally, the gas generation of the LTO-F electrodes has been investigated by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), as gassing is known to be a roadblock to the commercialization of LTO. We demonstrated that the CO2 outgassing is reduced by the surface fluorination. Overall, the strategy implemented in this work, from synthesis to thorough characterization, offer new solutions to improve both SEI formed on negative electrode material as well as surface structural stability of positive electrode material, leading to improved Li-ion batteries
Vassant, Simon. "Contrôle optique et électrique de réflectivité THz assistée par phonon-polaritons de surface." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601767.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Xiaolu. "Janus Colloids Surfing at the Surface of Water." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS272/document.
Повний текст джерелаAt the single-particle level, the main difference between active colloids and passive ones is the time scale over which the motion crosses over from ballistic to diffusive regime. In both cases, friction coefficients or equivalently diffusion coefficients determine this time scale. For instance, the motion of a passive colloid of 1m radius is diffusive when observed over lag times longer than a microsecond, once the direction of its momentum has been randomized by collisions with solvent molecules. At the macroscopic scale these collisions are accounted for by the translational friction coefficient. For an active colloid the effective diffusive behavior observed over lag times larger than few seconds results from the randomization of the direction of self-propulsion by rotational diffusion. In this thesis we investigated the motion of an active Janus colloid trapped at air-water interface. Spherical catalytic Janus colloids have been prepared through the deposition of platinum metal at the surface of silica particles. Immersion depth of the Janus colloid as well as their orientation with respect to the water surface, has been characterized and interpreted in terms of the non-uniform wetting properties of the Janus particles. The motion of the active Janus colloids in the presence of various concentration of hydrogen peroxide H2O2 as fuel was characterized by video microscopy and the trajectories analyzed through the mean square displacement and the velocity autocorrelation function. The types of trajectories, directional and circular ones that we observed in our experiments, revealed the effective force and torque induced by the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. At the water surface, active colloids perform more persistent directional motions as compared to the motions performed in the bulk. This has been interpreted as due to the loss of degrees of freedom resulting from the confinement at interface and also to the partial wetting conditions that possibly bring new contributions to the rotational friction at interface
Sefti, Rania. "Méthodes d'approximation de contours et de surfaces actifs pour la segmentation d'images médicales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1037.
Повний текст джерелаAutomatic information extraction and object detection from medical images has advanced significantly in recent years. These advances offer clinicians new opportunities for exploration and diagnostic support. However, the segmentation process remains complex and presents many challenges. The aim of this thesis is to develop medical image segmentation methods based on B-Snakes. By exploiting the properties of spline functions, we have improved the accuracy and performance of parametric active contours (or active surfaces) for medical image segmentation. First, we introduced a new generalised Hermite spline approximation function with optimal support and controlled interpolation error. Then, using a deep learning model, we developed a new energy term that emphasises the importance of intensity variation and texture analysis. We then introduced a balancing step based on the geometry of the object and its curve/surface properties. This aligns the balanced Snake surface with the complex parts of theobject. Finally, we introduced a new snake deformation algorithm called Progressive Iterative Deformation (PID).This iteratively adjusts the control points to construct a series of fitting curves until the boundary of the object isdetected, without the need to solve energy minimisation problems. The proposed techniques have been rigorously evaluated, demonstrating their effectiveness and robustness under a variety of application conditions, including a wide range of data and different imaging modalities
Moses, Alvira. "Synthesis of surface active alkanes for cellulose modification." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4874.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (MSc (Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The properties and interactions of cellulose surfaces are of a great technical interest during papermaking and recycling. Sizing, the modification of fiber surfaces, e.g. with the purpose to reduce water penetration into the paper structure, plays an important role in obtaining paper with good printability and water resistance. Water resistance is the key end-property of paper being investigated in this study. Firstly a comparison was made between the degree of surface modification of cellulose by means of anionic, nonionic and reactive surfactants. The amount of surfactant adsorbed by the paperboard was determined and the paper surface evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sizing efficiency of the three industrial surfactants was evaluated in order to establish the surfactant structure best suited for sizing recycled paperboard. This was done via the Cobb test, an industrial method to measure water uptake by paper, and contact angle measurements. The reactive surfactant was found to have the best sizing efficiency and focus shifted to synthesizing selected copolymer surfactants via free radical copolymerization. Two copolymers were synthesized, with maleic anhydride as the polar part in both. Butyl methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate were selected as the hydrophobic parts in the respective copolymer systems. The unavailability of reactivity ratios for the respective copolymer systems led to the use of in situ proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy CH NMR) for the determination of the co-monomer incorporation in both copolymer systems. Quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy was also employed in order to establish the co-monomer content of the isolated copolymers obtained during bench-scale (laboratory) experiments. Lastly, a comparison of the degree of surface modification of cellulose was made between that which was achieved with the industrial reactive surfactant and that with the two synthesized polymeric reactive surfactants. The two synthesized polymeric surfactants were found to have a better sizing efficiency than the industrial reactive surfactant, and the maleic anhydride-lauryl methacrylate copolymer system gave the best results.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die eienskappe en interaksies van sellulose-oppervlaktes is van groot tegniese belang gedurende die vervaardiging en hergebruik van papier. Oppervlakte behandeling, die modifikasie van vesel-oppervlaktes bv. met die doel om water indringing in die papierstruktuur te verminder, speel 'n belangrike rol in die daarstel van papier met goeie drukkwaliteit en waterweerstand. Waterweerstand is die sleuteleienskap van papier wat in hierdie werkstuk ondersoek word. Eerstens is daar 'n vergelyking getref tussen die verandering van sellulose-oppervlaktes deur middel van anioniese, nie-ioniese en reaktiewe sepe. Die hoeveelheid seep geabsorbeer deur die papierbord is bepaal en die papier-oppervlak ondersoek deur middel van skandeer-elektronmikroskopie (SEM). Die behandelingsdoeltreffendheid van die drie industriele sepe is ondersoek om vas te stel watter seep die beste struktuur het om hergebruikte papierbord effektief te behandel. Dit is gedoen deur middel van die Cobbtoets, 'n industriele metode om wateropname van papier te meet, asook kontakhoekmetings. Daar is gevind dat die reaktiewe seep die beste behandelingsdoeltreffendheid het en daar is vervolgens gekonsentreer op die bereiding van geselekteerde reaktiewe kopolimeersepe deur middel van vryeradikaalkopolimerisasie. Twee kopolimere is berei, met maleienanhidried as die polere gedeeite van albei. Butielmetakrilaat en laurielmetakrilaat is gekies vir die nie-polere gedeeltes van die onderskeie kopolimeersisteme. Die onbeskikbaarheid van reaktiwiteitsverhoudings vir die onderskeie kopolimeersisteme het gelei tot die gebruik van in situ proton kern magnetiese resonansie spektroskopie eH KMR) vir die bepaling van die ko-monomeer insluiting in beide kopolimeersisteme. Kwantitatiewe koolstofdertienkemmagnetieseresonansie spektroskopie (13C KMR) is ook gebruik om die ko-monomeerinhoud van die geisoleerde kopolimere, verkry tydens laboratoriumeksperimente, te bepaal. Laastens is 'n vergelyking getref tussen die graad van modifikasie van selluloseoppervlaktes deur middel van die industriele reaktiewe seep in vergelyking met die twee bereide polimeriese reaktiewe sepe. Daar is gevind dat die twee gesintetiseerde polimeriese sepe beter behandelingsdoeltreffendheid as die industriele reaktiewe seep het, met die maleienanhidried-laurielmetakrilaat-kopolimeersisteem wat die beste resultaat lewer.
Davidson, Charles Nelson. "Surface action group defense model." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042010-020023/.
Повний текст джерелаCagnon, Benoît. "Elaboration de charbons actifs à texture contrôlée." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0464.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is aimed at both methods of microporous properties optimization of activated carbons. The control of textural properties during elaboration by steam activation with coconut shells has been studied. At first, the kinetics and the different parameters of the carbonization step have been studied to understand the behaviour of a lignocellulosic precursor. Thus, the carbonization protocol has been modified. Thereafter, the study of activation step, with the control of vector gas humidity, has allowed to cover a wider range of porous textures. Finally, successive air or NaOCl cyclic oxydations have been successfully applied after elaboration to three different activated carbons to control their gradual pore size modifications. The surface complexes inherited from each cycle on all the carbon samples were characterized by temperature-programmed desorption (T. P. D. ), X-ray photoelectron spectra (C1s) (X. P. S. ) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (F. T. I. R. ) and compared
Melyukov, Dmitry. "Etude et développement d'une méthode de caractérisation in-situ et à distance de dépôts en couches minces par pyrométrie active laser." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENISE004.
Повний текст джерелаLayered materials are used throughout the industry today. The main objective to ensure quality during manufacturing as well as during operation is the control of the properties of these layers mainly its thickness but also its homogeneity and adhesion to the substrate. The most desirable technique is a technique that does not change the state of our film, i. E. Non-destructive. There are several methods of non-destructive testing (NDT) such as ultrasound, eddy current, radiography etc. As part of this thesis we focused our efforts on the active thermography method (TA) which has some advantages over other NDT techniques such as the possibility to put some distance between the test piece and the device, the absence of contact, the speed of the measurements and the high spatial resolution. We studied the case of heating of the surface by a laser beam coupled with measurements of thermal radiation by infrared detectors in the center of the laser spot. First of all we have done theoretical analysis to understand what properties of the layers can be determined by the method of TA under what conditions. As the result of this theoretical study we developed a number of methods for complete characterization of the layer and especially the methods for measuring the thickness independently of all other properties (optical, thermal). The experimental part of this work has shown the proper functioning of the method for measuring the thickness of a sheet of different materials (stainless steel, titanium, tungsten et al. ). By this way it was verified the feasibility of the method for measuring the layer thickness without contact (and at a distance) and without calibration (and without knowing the material)
Belliart, Michel. "Actions de groupes de Lie sur les variétés compactes." Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9806b24c-e64d-4e28-b75a-6d3de2b5eb3a.
Повний текст джерелаSaini, Seema. "Modification de la surface de la nanocellulose pour conférer des propriétés actives pour emballage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI113.
Повний текст джерелаThe present investigation has developed efficient green strategies for the chemical modification of cellulose nanofibers (CNF), in order to impart antimicrobial activities. Seven different functionalized CNF was produced in this context keeping in mind sustainability and industrial feasibility within new generation packaging field. First, CNF was designed with cyclodextrin to control the release of natural active molecules. In other strategies, non-leaching contact active antimicrobial surfaces were prepared using natural active molecules or following biomimetic approaches. Results are very promising and allow obtaining efficient antimicrobial surface without any release. High level characterizations confirm surface grafting (e.g. XPS, QCM-D, NMR) and anti-microbial efficiency (S.aureus, E.Coli). One of the best strategies using antibiotic grafted CNF was produced at lab scale but also implemented at semi industrial scale. The final idea was to produce medical packages limiting the cross contamination in hospitals
Nassereddine, Aya. "Surface patterning strategies to dissect T-Cell adhesion and actin organisation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0458.
Повний текст джерелаFor an efficient immune response, an optimal interaction between T-cells and antigen presenting cells (APC) is required; it takes the form of a cell-cell contact involving different scales ranging from the molecular (1-10 nm) to the cellular (1-10 micrometer). The ligation of the special T cell receptors (TCR) to its ligands on an APC, leads to larger scale molecular reorganisation leading first to formation of TCR micro-clusters, and later to cell-scale restructuring of both the membrane and the cytoskeleton. Patterning an artificial substrate with ligand-clusters that in turn induce TCR-clustering is an important tool to understand the link between the organisation of TCR and its ligand, the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and the impact of both on overall cell behavior including adhesion and signaling. We developed a new nanotechnology based substrate (ligand-dot size down to 250 nm) and also used an alternative strategy based on colloidal self-assembly (700 or 400 nm) to show that TCR is clearly clustered on 700 nm dots but not on smaller 400 nm dots. Actin is homogeneously distributed in the form of a network in most cells but in a few of them, it appears as dots that co-localize with the ligand clusters. Finer observation using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy indicates that the dots may in fact be sites where actin bundles cross each other forming nodes that are not visible at lower resolution. This work confirms a close link between T cell receptor organisation and actin structure
Lopez, Hector Matias. "Influence of the coupling between flow and bacteria on the fluid rheology and on bacterial transport." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112168.
Повний текст джерелаThe question of transfer and spreading of living microorganisms, such as motile bacteria, is of interest in biology and ecology, but also in engineering and medicine.The way in which the background flow affects the behavior of these bacteria and how it impacts the bacterial transport through complex systems and on the macroscopic properties of the fluid remains unclear and little studied.In this thesis, I present an experimental investigation of the coupling between the local bacteria-driven motion and the fluid advection.In a first part, I investigate the rheological response of E. coli suspensions when subjected to weak flows (low shear rates). I show that, in particular conditions, the microscopic perturbations caused by the bacteria highly impact on the macroscopic viscosity of the suspension, leading to a striking viscosity decrease and eventually overcoming the dissipative effects due to viscous loss. I also identify the relevant time scales defining this viscosity decrease.In a second part, I perform experiments in a capillary channel and analyze the coupling for stronger flows (higher shear rates), at which bacteria were found not to impact on the macroscopic viscosity. Instead, by analyzing the bacterial trajectories under flow, I evidence a breakage of the symmetry of this trajectories which, characterized by a preferential migration, causes the localization of the bacteria in a layer that extends over a significant distance from the surface, and thus potentially influencing the bacterial transport in complex systems
Wahlgren, Marie. "Adsorption of proteins and interactions with surfactants at the solid/liquid interface." [Lund : Dept. of Food Technology, Lund University], 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=zfxqAAAAMAAJ.
Повний текст джерелаKaturi, Jaideep. "Guiding active particles through surface interactions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663989.
Повний текст джерелаLos organismos y sistemas vivos convierten energía almacenada internamente o derivada de sus alrededores en movimiento de forma continua. Esta actividad puede causar una constante auto-propulsión que lleva a estos sistemas a un estado fuera de equilibrio térmico. Gracias a esto, aparecen un gran número de fenómenos exóticos que no son accesibles para un sistema que se encuentra en equilibrio térmico. En los últimos años se ha clasificado a estos sistemas de no equilibro como “material activa”. La materia activa, por definición, incluye los sistemas compuestos de unidades activas, cada una de ellas capaz de convertir la energía almacenada o del entorno en movimiento sistemático. Existen varios ejemplos que van desde la escala sub-micrométrica, donde podemos encontrar a los microtúbulos asociados a proteínas motoras en el citoplasma, a las grandes escalas, donde se encuentran sistemas más familiares como peces o pájaros, pasando por la escala micrométrica, donde nadan las bacterias. Podemos diferenciar dos temas principales que se manifiestan en todos estos sistemas de materia activa. El primero es la aparición de fenómenos colectivos correlacionados a través de interacciones partícula-partícula, como ocurre en bandadas de pájaros, enjambres bacterianos y la cristalización de partículas auto-propulsadas. El segundo es la capacidad de estas unidades activas de interaccionar con sus alrededores a través del fenómeno de la auto-propulsión, por ejemplo, a través de quimiotaxia o reotaxia, como se puede observar en muchos sistemas biológicos y que ya han sido reportados en varios estudios. En esta tesis, me he enfocado en el estudio de este último tema principal: la interacción de partículas activas con su entorno local. Como modelo de sistema de materia activa, usamos partículas activas coloidales que se propulsan gracias al fenómeno de auto-difusioforesis. Estas partículas están recubiertas por dos materiales diferentes en cada una de sus caras, y son comúnmente llamadas “partículas Janus”. Una de sus caras está recubierta con Pt, material que cataliza la descomposición de H2O2, mientras que la otra cara está recubierta de un material inerte (SiO2). En una solución de H2O2, la reacción que ocurre en la parte catalítica produce un gradiente de concentración de producto a lo largo de la superficie de la partícula e induce un deslizamiento forético que la propulsa. En esta tesis se ha estudiado la dinámica de estas partículas "autoforéticas" cerca de superficies sólidas. De manera natural, las partículas interaccionan con su alrededor debido a los efectos foréticos e hidrodinámicos. Cuando estas partículas se hayan confinadas cerca de una superficie, observamos que se origina en ellas una fuerte interacción de alineamiento. A partir de ello, consideramos interesante diseñar ratchets micro estampados capaces de generar un flujo direccional de partículas activas. Por otra parte, estudiamos la influencia de aplicar un flujo de cizalla externo en la dinámica de las partículas activas cerca de superficies. A consecuencia del flujo externo, encontramos que en el sistema emerge una respuesta fuertemente direccional para las partículas activas en la dirección perpendicular al flujo provocando una migración "cross-stream" de partículas activas.
Mitran, Marcel. "Active surface reconstruction from optical flow." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33980.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis begins by examining the optical flow estimation problem. Several algorithms are compared under the novel heading of maximal estimation theory. Each algorithm is decomposed into three parts: pixel-estimation, sub-pixel estimation and confidence measurement. The components are compared separately. A flow algorithm is then obtained by combining different components.
A Bayesian framework is adopted to provide a simple approach for propagating information in a bottom-up fashion in the system. This will also be used for combining information both temporally and spatially in the context of a Kalman filtering scheme.
The last part of this thesis examines how an active component can be integrated into the system to provide quicker convergence to the depth estimate. This approach is based on statistical grouping of image gradient features.
Synthetic and real experimental results are generated in each section. These results support ideas presented in the thesis, and suggest a basis for further research.