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Статті в журналах з теми "Acremonium"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 8 лютого 2022

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1

Summerbell, Richard, Cecile Gueidan, Josep Guarro, Akif Eskalen, Pedro Crous, Aditya Gupta, Josepa Gené, et al. "The Protean Acremonium. A. sclerotigenum/egyptiacum: Revision, Food Contaminant, and Human Disease." Microorganisms 6, no. 3 (August 16, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6030088.

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Acremonium is known to be regularly isolated from food and also to be a cause of human disease. Herein, we resolve some sources of confusion that have strongly hampered the accurate interpretation of these and other isolations. The recently designated type species of the genus Acremonium, A. alternatum, is known only from a single isolate, but it is the closest known relative of what may be one of the planet’s most successful organisms, Acremonium sclerotigenum/egyptianum, shown herein to be best called by its earliest valid name, A. egyptiacum. The sequencing of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, actin genes, or both for 72 study isolates within this group allowed the full range of morphotypes and ITS barcode types to be elucidated, along with information on temperature tolerance and habitat. The results showed that nomenclatural confusion and frequent misidentifications facilitated by morphotaxonomy, along with misidentified early sequence deposits, have obscured the reality that this species is, in many ways, the definitive match of the historical concept of Acremonium: a pale orange or dull greenish-coloured monophialidic hyphomycete, forming cylindrical, ellipsoidal, or obovoid conidia in sticky heads or obovoid conidia in dry chains, and acting ecologically as a soil organism, marine organism, plant pathogen, plant endophyte, probable insect pathogen, human opportunistic pathogen, food contaminant, probable dermatological communicable disease agent, and heat-tolerant spoilage organism. Industrially, it is already in exploratory use as a producer of the antibiotic ascofuranone, active against trypanosomes, cryptosporidia, and microsporidia, and additional applications are in development. The genus-level clarification of the phylogeny of A. egyptiacum shows other historic acremonia belong to separate genera, and two are here described, Parasarocladium for the Acremonium radiatum complex and Kiflimonium for the Acremonium curvulum complex.

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2

Tuon, Felipe Francisco, Carolina Pozzi, Sergio Ricardo Penteado-Filho, Ricardo Benvenutti, and Fabiana Loss de Carvalho Contieri. "Recurrent Acremonium infection in a kidney transplant patient treated with voriconazole: a case report." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 43, no. 4 (August 2010): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822010000400028.

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Acremonium infection is rare and associated with immunosuppression. A case of recurrent cutaneous Acremonium infection after short term voriconazole use is described. Surgical resection was the definitive therapy. Oral voriconazole was used in the treatment of Acremonium infection, but recurrence was associated with short therapy. Prolonged antifungal therapy and surgical resection are discussed for the treatment of localized lesions.

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3

Armengol, J., E. Sanz, G. Martínez-Ferrer, R. Sales, B. D. Bruton, and J. García-Jiménez. "Host range of Acremonium cucurbitacearum, cause of Acremonium collapse of muskmelon." Plant Pathology 47, no. 1 (February 1998): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00199.x.

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4

Silva, J. H., and R. T. R. Monteiro. "Degradação de xenobióticos por fungos filamentosos isolados de areia fenólica." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 24, no. 3 (September 2000): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832000000300019.

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Microrganismos foram isolados de areia fenólica resultante de atividades metalúrgicas, utilizando meio mínimo para fungos e pentaclorofenol (PCF) como única fonte de carbono. Após quatro repiques sucessivos em intervalos de 15 dias de incubação, as culturas foram plaqueadas em meio de Martin. Três gêneros de fungos foram isolados e identificados como Acremonium sp., Paecilomyces sp. e Penicillium sp. Estes foram testados para degradar os corantes índigo e RBBR (Azul Brilhante de Remazol - R) e o organoclorado PCF. A descoloração do índigo foi de 99%, para Paecilomyces e Penicillium, e de 74%, para Acremonium, e a de RBBR foi de 16%, para Penicillium; 14%, para Acremonium, e 5%, para Paecilomyces. Usando azul de bromotimol como indicador de degradação de PCF, foram obtidos 24% de descoloração para Acremonium; 22%, para Penicillium, e 17%, para Paecilomyces Utilizando cromatografia gasosa, detectou-se degradação de PCF de 69%, para Penicillium; 65%, para Paecilomyces, e 40% para Acremonium, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que foi possível isolar microrganismos de uma areia de fundição, altamente contaminada com fenóis, e os fungos isolados foram capazes de degradar PCF e outros xenobióticos testados.

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5

Bourée, P. "Abcès cutané à Acremonium." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 26, no. 2 (April 2016): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2016.0563.

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6

Cordoba, A., and L. Fraenza. "Mycétome à Acremonium sp." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 132, no. 2 (February 2005): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0151-9638(05)79241-3.

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7

Le Guen, P., A. Blancard, P. Brisou, J. Yvetot, and Y. Muzellec. "Kératomycose à Acremonium kiliense." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 27, no. 6-7 (June 1997): 738–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(97)80185-0.

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8

Giraldo, Alejandra, Josepa Gené, Josep Cano, Sybren de Hoog, Cony Decock, and Josep Guarro. "Acremonium with catenate elongate conidia: phylogeny of Acremonium fusidioides and related species." Mycologia 106, no. 2 (March 2014): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/13-158.

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9

Labuda, Roman. "Newly recorded Acremonium species from Slovakia: Acremonium atrogriseum, A. roseogriseum, A. spinosum, and Acremonium sp. (anamorph of Neocosmospora vasinfecta var. africana)." Czech Mycology 57, no. 3-4 (February 10, 2005): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33585/cmy.57304.

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10

Cordeiro Dias, Vanessa. "Keratitis X Acremonium : A Case Report and Literature Review." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000187.

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Purpose: Describe an unusual development of fungal keratitis caused by Acremonium sp in six patients who underwent cataract surgery at an ophthalmology service in Brazil, as well as to report the origin of these infections. Methods: Swabs from the affected corneas were collected to perform culture for bacteria and fungi. These materials were sown in Blood agar (Difco/ USA), Macconkey agar (Difco/USA) and Thioglycolate broth (Difco/USA) for bacterial research and Sabouraud agar (Difco/ USA) for fungi research. A microbiological study was carried out to analyze surgical instruments, the environment and other materials used in the surgeries. Results: Case reports occurred with six patients, all aged over 71 and 85 years, who underwent a surgical procedure for cataract correction by an Ophthalmology service. After surgery, these patients presented loss of unilateral visual capacity, with the formation of a white mass on the cornea. Swabs from the affected corneas were collected to perform culture for bacteria and fungi, in specific culture media. The bacterial cultures showed negative results. Fungal cultures revealed the presence of Acremonium spp. Conclusions: It is likely that Acremonium spores found in the wardrobe were deposited on all the sterile material stored there. At the time of cataract surgeries, this material was unpacked and fungal structures became detached and found in the surgical field of these patients' eyes a gateway. Thus, cleaning and sanitizing measures for surfaces must be implemented and monitored, especially in critical areas such as in hospital areas, in order to avoid damage to patients' health

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11

YANG, CHUN-LIN, XIU-LAN XU, RAJESH JEEWON, SARANYAPHAT BOONMEE, YING-GAO LIU, and KEVIN D. HYDE. "Acremonium arthrinii sp. nov., a mycopathogenic fungus on Arthrinium yunnanum." Phytotaxa 420, no. 4 (October 15, 2019): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.420.4.4.

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Acremonium arthrinii sp. nov. was collected from Phyllostachys heteroclada in the forest of Sichuan Province, China. This mycopathogenic fungus was frequently found on the top of the ascomata of Arthrinium yunnanum, and presumably causes its death. In this study, the new species was examined morphologically and maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF 1-α were performed to clarify the taxonomic affinity of the species. Acremonium arthrinii can be distinguished from other Acremonium species based on conidiogenesis, size differences in conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia, and its DNA sequence differences and phylogeny. Detailed descriptions, micrographs and phylogenetic relationships of the new taxon were provided.

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12

., TRIADIATI, DIANA AGUSTIN CAROLINA, and MIFTAHUDIN . "Induksi Pembentukan Gaharu Menggunakan Berbagai Media Tanam dan Cendawan Acremonium sp. dan Fusarium sp. Pada Aquilaria crassna." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 2, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.2.1.1-6.

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Aquilaria crassna is one of the Aquilaria species that could produce agarwood. agarwood production of A. crassna can be induced by microfungi as an inoculant. Ecological interaction between the host plant, wounding and inoculant in the formation of agarwood has not yet clearly. other factors like the plant ages, plant species, environ- ment also played important roles in the formation of agarwood. This research aimed to determine the influence of the combination between planting media and Acremonium sp. and Fusarium sp. to agarwood quality of Aquilaria crassna. The experiment was consisted of two factors, which were five planting media and two inoculants fungi i.e. Acremonium sp. and Fusarium sp. The observed parameters were the percentage of senescence leaves, color of wood, level of fragrant and terpenoid content. The best agarwood fragrant was produced by the seedlings that were treated with either combination of husk charcoal media enriched with NPK fertilizer and Acremonium sp. or the combina- tion between husk charcoal media enriched with Hoagland modified solution and Fusarium sp.. The darkest color of wood was produced by the seedlings that were treated with combination of husk charcoal media enriched with NPK fertilizer and Acremonium sp., as well as for the same media with Fusarium sp.. during the experiment terpenoid could not be detected from the treated seedlings. Acremonium sp. caused more leave senescence than that of Fusarium sp..

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13

Phillott, A. D., C. J. Parmenter, C. J. Limpus, and K. M. Harrower. "Mycobiota as acute and chronic cloacal contaminants of female sea turtles." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 6 (2002): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01057.

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To determine the potential for intra-oviductal contamination of sea turtle eggs with fungi accumulated during nesting, turtles were sampled for cloacal fungi. Pre-gravid females had a low incidence (17%) of cloacal fungi (Acremonium, Cladosporium, Penicillium). A higher occurrence (30%) of these same fungi in courting animals, that had not bred for ≥2 years, was probably the result of transfer during intromission. Nesting (75%) and inter-nesting (100%) turtles had the greatest occurrence and diversity of cloacal fungi (Acremonium, Aspergillus, Chrysosporium, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Phialophora, Sporothrix, Stachybotrys). The incidence of cloacal fungi rapidly decreased after nesting, to 28% within one year (Acremonium, Penicillium) and 13% in animals that bred at least two years earlier (Acremonium, Cladosporium, Penicillium). The other species of fungi are probably lost during defaecation.If fungal spores can be transported and maintained in the sea turtle oviduct by the same mechanisms as for spermatozoa, acute intra-seasonal contamination of eggs by fungi may be possible. The potential for chronic inter-seasonal contamination of the oviduct appears to be low.

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14

Kaiser, W. J., G. W. Bruehl, C. M. Davitt, and R. E. Klein. "Acremonium Isolates from Stipa robusta." Mycologia 88, no. 4 (July 1996): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761147.

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15

Milburn, Peter B., David M. Papayanopulos, and Barry M. Pomerantz. "Mycetoma Due to Acremonium falciforme." International Journal of Dermatology 27, no. 6 (July 1988): 408–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1988.tb02390.x.

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16

Grunwald, M. H., M. Cagnano, M. Mosovich, and S. Halevy. "Cutaneous infection due to acremonium." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 10, no. 1 (January 1998): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1998.tb00929.x.

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17

Mascarenhas, Maria R., Karin L. McGowan, Eduardo Ruchelli, Balu Athreya, and Steven M. Altschuler. "Acremonium Infection of the Esophagus." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology &amp Nutrition 24, no. 3 (March 1997): 356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199703000-00021.

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18

Binder, Daniel R., Jesse E. Sugrue, and Ian P. Herring. "Acremonium keratomycosis in a cat." Veterinary Ophthalmology 14 (September 2011): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00921.x.

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19

Mukhija, Ritika, Noopur Gupta, Anita Ganger, Seema Kashyap, Nishat Hussain, Murugesan Vanathi, and Radhika Tandon. "Isolated Primary Corneal Acremonium Eumycetoma." Cornea 37, no. 12 (December 2018): 1590–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0000000000001750.

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20

Stepanov, Valentin M., Galina N. Rudenskaya, Lyudmila I. Vasil'eva, Irina N. Krest'anova, Olga M. Khodova, and Yurii E. Bartoshevitch. "Serine proteinases from Acremonium chrysogenum." International Journal of Biochemistry 18, no. 4 (January 1986): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-711x(86)90043-1.

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21

Kozma, J�zsef, Luz Lucas, and Karl Sch�gerl. "Alternative respiration of Acremonium chrysogenum." Biotechnology Letters 13, no. 12 (December 1991): 899–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01022095.

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22

Ito, T., I. Okane, A. Nakagiri, and W. Gams. "Two species of Acremonium section Acremonium: A. borodinense sp. nov. and A. cavaraeanum rediscovered." Mycological Research 104, no. 1 (January 2000): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756299008977.

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23

McGee, PA, MA Hincksman, and CS White. "Inhibition of growth of fungi isolated from plants by Acremonium strictum." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 7 (1991): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9911187.

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The fungus Acremonium strictum was isolated from rye grass, kikuyu and another species of Pennisetum. Two isolates of A. strictum significantly inhibited, in vitro, the rate of growth of five fungi commonly associated with grasses. Extracts from cultures of the isolates also inhibited the rate of hyphal elongation. From the evidence, these isolates of Acremonium are classified as endophytes and their relationship with the 'Balansioid' endophytes must be reconsidered.

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24

Hodges, C. F., and D. A. Campbell. "Growth Response of Agrostis palustris to Adventitious Root Infection by Acremonium rutilum and Acremonium alternatum." Journal of Phytopathology 146, no. 8-9 (September 1998): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1998.tb04778.x.

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25

Guitard‘, J., A. Degulys‘, G. Buot, A. Aline-Fardin, E. Dannaoui, B. Rio, J. P. Marie, S. Lapusan, and C. Hennequin. "Acremonium sclerotigenum-Acremonium egyptiacum: a multi-resistant fungal pathogen complicating the course of aplastic anaemia." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 20, no. 1 (January 2014): O30—O32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12319.

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26

Naffaa, Walid, Catherine Ravel, and Jean-Jacques Guillaumin. "Nutritional requirements for growth of fungal endophytes of grasses." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-004.

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Fifteen isolates of fungal endophytes of grasses were studied for their ability to metabolize different sources of carbon and nitrogen. These endophytes had been isolated from 12 different species of Poaceae and included Clavicipitaceae with or without a teleomorph (genera Epichloë and Neotyphodium, respectively) and species belonging to the genus Acremonium sensu stricto (Acremonium chilense-like). Pectin and cellulose as carbon sources and tryptophan and methionine as nitrogen sources appeared to support poorly the growth of most isolates. Hexoses, disaccharides, complex nitrogen sources, asparagine, and glutamine supported growth of all isolates. The isolates of genus Neotyphodium were characterized by limited growth whatever the substrate, the inhibition of their growth by high concentrations of glucose and fructose, and their inability to assimilate pentoses (xylose, arabinose) and nitrates. The isolates of genus Epichloë showed better growth than those of the previous group and their growth was not inhibited by high concentrations of glucose, but they were also unable to use pentoses. The Acremonium chilense-like isolates showed rapid growth and were distinguished by their ability to use the pentoses and nitrates. In contrast, they showed relatively poor growth on methionine and alanine as nitrogen sources. They showed the most rapid growth on high concentrations of glucose or fructose.Key words: carbon sources, nitrogen sources, Neotyphodium, Epichloë, Acremonium, grass endophytes.

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27

McCormack, Joseph C., Peter B. McIntyre, Martyn H. Tilse, and David H. Ellis. "Mycetoma associated with Acremonium falciforme infection." Medical Journal of Australia 147, no. 4 (August 1987): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133355.x.

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28

Isaka, Masahiko, Arunrat Yangchum, Malipan Sappan, Rapheephat Suvannakad, and Prasert Srikitikulchai. "Cyclohexadepsipeptides from Acremonium sp. BCC 28424." Tetrahedron 67, no. 41 (October 2011): 7929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.041.

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29

Brabender, Wayne, Joseph Ketcherside, Glenn R. Hodges, Setti Rengachary, and William G. Barnes. "Acremonium kiliense Osteomyelitis of the Calvarium." Neurosurgery 16, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-198504000-00019.

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Abstract A 35-year-old man with osteomyelitis of the calvarium, from which Acremonium kiliense was consistently isolated, was successfully treated with amphotericin-B and ketoconazole in addition to craniectomy. Subsequent acrylic cranioplasty produced a good cosmetic result.

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30

Roilides, Emmanuel, Evangelia Bibashi, Evangelia-Acritidou, Maria Trahana, Nicolaos Gompakis, John G. Karpouzas, and Dimitrios Koliouskas. "ACREMONIUM FUNGEMIA IN TWO IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CHILDREN." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 14, no. 6 (June 1995): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199506000-00015.

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31

Улезло, И. В., О. М. Запрометова, А. М. Безбородов, И. Улезло, О. Запрометова, А. Безбородов, I. Ulezlo, O. Zaprometova та A. Bezborodov. "Некоторые свойства α-галактозидазы Cephalosporium acremonium". Biotechnology & Bioindustry 2, № 6 (січень 1987): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02052067.1987.10824280.

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32

Vilan, A., and M. A. Peñlva. "Nucleotide sequence of theCephalosporium acremonium pyr4gene." Nucleic Acids Research 17, no. 21 (1989): 8874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.21.8874.

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33

Arshad, Muhammad, and W. T. Frankenberger. "Biosynthesis of ethylene by Acremonium falciforme." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 21, no. 5 (1989): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(89)90056-4.

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34

Brabender, Wayne, Joseph Ketcherside, Glenn R. Hodges, Setti Rengachary, and William G. Barnes. "Acremonium kiliense Osteomyelitis of the Calvarium." Neurosurgery 16, no. 4 (April 1985): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198504000-00019.

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35

Durbec, M., A. L. Bienvenu, S. Picot, C. Dubreuil, A. Cosmidis, and S. Tringali. "Sinusite maxillaire fungique causée par Acremonium." Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale 128, no. 1 (February 2011): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aforl.2010.12.002.

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36

Durbec, M., A. L. Bienvenu, S. Picot, C. Dubreuil, A.Cosmidis, and S. Tringali. "Maxillary sinus fungal infection by Acremonium." European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 128, no. 1 (January 2011): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2010.10.004.

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37

Skatrud, Paul L., Stephen W. Queener, Lucinda G. Carr, and Deborah L. Fisher. "Efficient integrative transformation of Cephalosporium acremonium." Current Genetics 12, no. 5 (September 1987): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00405756.

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38

Walz, Markus, and Ulrich K�ck. "Polymorphic karyotypes in related Acremonium strains." Current Genetics 19, no. 2 (February 1991): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00326285.

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39

Niknam, Negin, Siddhi Mankame, Lawrence Ha, and Pranisha Gautam-Goyal. "Acremonium pneumonia in an AIDS patient." IDCases 8 (2017): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2017.04.009.

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40

Brown, Nicholas M., Evelyn L. Blundell, Sally R. Chown, David W. Warnock, Judith A. Hill, and Robert R. Slade. "Acremonium infection in a neutropenic patient." Journal of Infection 25, no. 1 (July 1992): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-4453(92)93585-e.

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41

Trupl, J., M. Májek, J. Mardiak, Z. Jesenská, and V. Krcméry. "Acremonium infection in two compromized patients." Journal of Hospital Infection 25, no. 4 (December 1993): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(93)90118-j.

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42

Zaitz, Clarisse, Edward Porto, Elisabeth Maria Heins-Vaccari, Aya Sadahiro, Ligia Rangel Barbosa Ruiz, Helena Müller, and Carlos da Silva Lacaz. "Subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by Acremonium recifei: case report." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 37, no. 3 (June 1995): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651995000300015.

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We present a case of subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis due to Acremonium recifei, a species whose habitat is probably the soil, first identified in 1934 by Arêa Leão and Lobo in a case of podal eumycetoma with white-yellowish grains and initially named Cephalosporium recifei. A white immunocompetent female patient from the state of Bahia, Brazil, with a history of traumatic injury to the right hand is reported. The lesion was painless, with edema, inflammation and the presence of fistulae. Seropurulent secretion with the absence of grains was present. Histopathological examination of material stained with hematoxylin-eosin showed hyaline septate hyphae. A culture was positive for Acremonium recifei. Treatment with itraconazole, 200 mg/day, for two months led to a favorable course and cure of the process. We report for the first time in the literature a case of subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis due to Acremonium recifei in a immunocompetent woman. Treatment with itraconazole 200 mg/day, for two months, resulted in cure.

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43

Li, B. H., C. C. Wang, X. L. Dong, Z. F. Zhang, and C. X. Wang. "Acremonium Brown Spot, a New Disease Caused by Acremonium sclerotigenum on Bagged Apple Fruit in China." Plant Disease 98, no. 7 (July 2014): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-14-0113-pdn.

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In China, covering developing apple (Malus × domestica) fruit with paper bags is a standard production practice. The fruit are usually covered from May to October to exclude pests and rain-dispersed pathogens and reduce pesticide residue at harvest. From 2010 to 2012, a fruit spot disease was observed on bagged fruit and caused 1 to 30% annual yield losses in most orchards in Shandong Province. Affected fruit were covered with red-brown, sunken, circular lesions 2 to 20 mm in diameter with dark violet edges often surrounded by a red halo. In many cases, the lesion cracked and pinkish mycelium was observed within the cracks. Isolations were made from bagged fruit from 12 orchards in October 2010 to 2012. Fungal isolations were made onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Two strains were consistently obtained from isolates. Strain 1 produced conidia assembled in head. Conidia were ellipsoidal to ovoid and 2.1 to 7.5 × 1.1 to 3.0 μm. Colonies were whitish with some pink and powdery on PDA. String 2 produced conidia in a long chain. Conidia were spindle-shaped with apiculate at both ends and 2.1 to 6.6 × 1.3 to 3.8 μm. Colonies were whitish at the beginning and grayish later and powdery on PDA. To further confirm the identity of the isolated fungus, the large subunit (LSU), the small subunit (SSU), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of ribosomal DNA, and the β-tubulin gene (β-tubulin), were amplified and sequenced with the primers V9G/LR5, NS1/NS24, ITS1/ITS4, and Bt1a/Bt1b, respectively. LSU (GenBank Accession Nos. KJ194115 and KJ194116), SSU (KJ194117 and KJ194118), ITS (KF225143 and KF225144), and β-tubulin (KF225145 and KF225146) sequences didn't have any variation between the two strains sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of each of the examined genes indicated a high similarity (>99%) with Acremonium sclerotigenum (CBS 384.65 HQ232129). Based on the sequence data and the morphology, we identified the fungus as A. sclerotigenum (1,2). To confirm pathogenicity, a spore suspension (1 × 104 conidia per ml) was made from each of the strains isolated. Strains were subsequently inoculated on to 10 mature apple fruit by wounding them to a depth of 2 mm with an acupuncture needle. Inoculation with sterile distilled water was included as a control. Prior to inoculation, all fruit were surface-sterilized with 75% alcohol. Lesions developed on fruit inoculated with the putative pathogen 10 days after incubation in >90% humidity chamber at 25°C. The fungi that were isolated from the infected fruit were identical to the inoculated strains. No lesions developed on the control fruit. This is the first report of brown spot disease caused by A. sclerotigenum in apple and in bagged fruit production. Given that brown spot disease symptoms were usually observed in September after long periods of rain, management efforts need to focus on protecting bagged fruit before harvest. References: (1) H. Perdomo et al. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49:243, 2011. (2) R. C. Summerell et al. Stud. Mycol. 68:139, 2011.

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Johnson-Cicalese, Jennifer M., and R. H. White. "Effect of Acremonium Endophytes on Four Species of Billbug Found on New Jersey Turfgrasses." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 4 (July 1990): 602–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.4.602.

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Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of Acremonium endophytes on four species of billbug (Coleoptera:Curculionidae: Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal, S. venatus (Say), S. inaequalis Say, and S. minimus Hart) found damaging cool-season turfgrasses in New Jersey. Billbug adults feeding on potted tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants infected with Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams showed significantly greater mortality than billbugs feeding on endophyte-free tall fescue. Little difference was observed in amount of feeding. In petri dish preference tests, billbug adults were given a choice and, again, no significant difference was observed in the amount of feeding on endophyte-free versus endophyte-infected tall fescue tillers. In a third experiment, billbug adults were placed in petri dishes with either tall fescue with or without A. coenophialum or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with or without Acremonium lolii Latch, Christensen, and Samuels. Only small differences were seen in number of eggs laid and amount of feeding. Mortality of all four billbug species, however, was greater on both grasses when endophyte-infected.

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45

Hou, Y. M., X. Zhang, N. N. Zhang, W. Naklumpa, W. Y. Zhao, X. F. Liang, R. Zhang, G. Y. Sun, and M. L. Gleason. "Genera Acremonium and Sarocladium Cause Brown Spot on Bagged Apple Fruit in China." Plant Disease 103, no. 8 (August 2019): 1889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1794-re.

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Apple fruit spot disease has caused serious economic losses for years in China since the widespread application of fruit bagging in production. Although the three genera Trichothecium, Alternaria, and Acremonium have been reported to be the causal agents, studies on the disease etiology and pathogen biology are still sparse. Here, we report characterization of eight fungal isolates from lesions on 126 symptomatic fruit samples collected in Shaanxi Province, China. Pathogenicity of the isolates was assessed. DNA sequences were obtained at four loci, including D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit nrRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2, 5.8S nrDAN gene, a fragment of the actin gene, and a fragment of the β-tubulin. Based on phylogenetic analysis and morphological features, three new species were found: Acremonium mali, Sarocladium liquanensis, and Sarocladium mali. In addition, we made the first report of Sarocladium terricola as a plant pathogen. Temperature and moisture significantly affected in vitro conidial germination of five Acremonium-like species, and their impact on infection of apple fruit was tested using Acremonium sclerotigenum. Conidia of five species germinated from 15 to 35°C in free water; four of the species had optimum temperature around 25°C, whereas conidia of S. terricola had an optimum temperature of 30°C. Conidial germination rate increased as relative humidity (RH) increased. The five isolates had relatively high conidial germination rates at RH > 97%, with a significant decline at 95% RH. Incidence of infection also increased in proportion to RH. In free water, conidial germination was relatively unaffected by temperature.

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46

Tunalı, Berna, Cansu Tosun, Büşra Müge Maldar, Gonca Meyva, and Bayram Kansu. "Bazı Antagonist Trichoderma ve Endofitik Acremonium İzolatlarının Fusarium Kök ve Kök-Boğazı Çürüklüğü Hastalıklarına Karşı Etkinliklerinin Belirlenmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i3.266-272.1613.

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The use of antagonist microorganisms against pathogenic organisms in organic agricultural systems was promising for biological control approach. The aim of this study was to determination of the potential biological control of some fungal isolates which characterized as endophytic and antagonistic against soil borne Fusarium culmorum (FC) and F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL) pathogens. For this, seven isolates of endophytic Acremonium spp. that isolated from healthy wheat plants and eight isolates of antagonist Trichoderma spp., isolated from soil of organic vegetable areas, were performed as biological control agents (BCA). The agar media with hypha and mycelia of the BCAs and spore suspensions (106 spores/ml) of FC and FORL were treated for inoculation of wheat seeds and tomato seedlings. The harvested plants were statistically analyzed by some parameters (severity of crown rot disease (%DS and scale), plant lengths (cm) etc.). In conclusion, the Acremonium isolates (47.5%) were lower means of disease severity than Trichoderma isolates (74.6%) for FC and FORL assessments in wheat experiment. In tomato, the averages of disease severity between Acremonium and Trichoderma were similar while their means were lower than positive control (The Scale of DS=0.67

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47

Brackel, Wv. "Notes on three lichenicolous species of Acremonium." Mycosphere 3, no. 5 (September 8, 2012): 854–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/3/5/10.

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48

Brady, B. L. "Acremonium cajani sp.nov. (Hyphomycetes) from pigeon pea." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 87, no. 3 (October 1986): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(86)80232-7.

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49

Geisweid, Kathrin, Katrin Hartmann, Johannes Hirschberger, Monir Majzoub, Bianka Schulz, and Bianca D. Ballhausen. "Systemic Acremonium species infection in a dog." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 44, no. 06 (2016): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15654/tpk-160243.

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SummaryA 2-year-old female Magyar Viszla was referred with fever, lethargy, polyuria/polydipsia, and suspected systemic cryptococcosis. At presentation increased rectal temperature and enlarged lymph nodes were detected. Main laboratory abnormalities included lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, and mildly reduced urine specific gravity. Abdominal ultrasound was unremarkable. Lymph node cytology revealed mycotic infection. Acremonium species was isolated from urine as well as from a popliteal lymph node by fungal culture. Therapy with itraconazol (10 mg/kg p. o. q 12 h) was initiated based on susceptibility testing, but dosage had to be reduced by half due to adverse effects. Despite treatment, the dog developed progressive azotemia. Four months after initial presentation, the patient showed anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, diarrhea, vomitus, neurological signs, and severe azotemia and was euthanized. Acremonium species are emerging opportunistic mould fungi that can represent a potential threat for immunocompromised humans. In dogs, only two cases of systemic infection with this fungal species have been reported so far. This case highlights the fact that systemic fungal infections should be considered as a differential in cases of fever and lymphadenopathy.

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50

Koga, H., M. J. Christensen, and R. J. Bennett. "Incompatibility of some grass-Acremonium endophyte associations." Mycological Research 97, no. 10 (October 1993): 1237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81292-6.

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